Sometimes you don’t need to be an experienced gardener to accurately recognize what type of apple is in front of your eyes. Simply because the popularity of some varieties is off the charts due to high consumer qualities. The topic of this article: an apple tree variety that is extremely drought-resistant and unpretentious in cultivation - “Jonagold”, as well as its best clones.

The “Jonagold” variety first appeared back in 1943 and was bred by breeders from New York after successfully crossing the “Jonathan” and “Golden Delicious” varieties. In 1960, the variety moved to Europe, finding a new home in the gardens of Belgium and the Netherlands, since the Americans did not see much benefit in the development and cultivation of “Jonagold”. Large-scale production research on the apple tree began in the 70-80s of the last century in the forest-steppe and steppe of Ukraine. Actually, it was on the territory of the former USSR that the variety revealed its potential and became one of the most popular fruit species.

Description and characteristics of the variety

The description should start with how the tree will look in the garden most of the time. The apple tree is vigorous, decorated with a wide oval crown while the tree is young, and later becomes spherical. Skeletal branches are at a wide angle relative to the trunk. The variety bears fruit on fruit twigs, ringlets, and annual growth.

The fruits are quite large (average size about 180-200 g), slightly conical, one-dimensional. There is ribbing near the calyx, especially noticeable in big apples. The peel is medium thick, dense and smooth with a pronounced waxy coating. The main color of the fruit is green-yellow, the outer color is an orange-red “blush”. The pulp is yellow, dense and juicy, sweet and sour with a clearly visible astringency. Ripeness occurs in mid-September.

The variety is distinguished by its versatility of use and high shelf life: in storage, apples retain their taste until February, in the refrigerator - until mid-April.

The apple tree bears its first fruits in the third year after planting. During the pollination period they interact well with the varieties “Idared”, “Gloucester”, “Jonathan”, “Champion”. The variety does not have good winter hardiness and has low immunity to powdery mildew. But it is quite resistant to scab.

Since the “Jonagold” variety is very popular all over the world, it has developed numerous clones (there are more than 100 species in total), usually distinguished by a more intense color. They are conventionally divided into 5 groups according to color:

1. Bright red skin, with a spotted, somewhat blurred blush - “Wilmuta”, “New Jonagold”.
2. Bright red skin, with a blurred top coat - “Jonika”, “Jonagold King”, “Nicobel”.
3. Dark red skin - “Novayo”.
4. Dark red skin, with a blurred blush - “Jonagored”, “Decosta”, “Romagold”.
5. Dark red skin with a uniform blush - “Jomured”, “Rubinstar”.

Among them, the “Decosta” variety stands out, which in morphological parameters is practically no different from its ancestor. A significant difference lies in the color of the fruits - by mid-August the fruits are covered with a dark red blush, and by full ripening they reach a rich red color. “Decosta” ripens several days earlier than Jonagold.

Where does it grow?

You can find “Jonagold” and its descendant “Decosta” in any region with moderately cold winters, since when low temperatures Apple trees receive too much damage, which negatively affects the yield of the variety. That is, it will not be possible to grow them in the northern regions.

Given the average resistance to drought, favorable growing regions will be those where the climate is temperate and warm. Although with proper care and proper preparation for winter, an apple tree can be grown in middle lane Russia.

Planting and care

Apple trees prefer sunny, open places without drafts. The soil should be fertile, loose, with neutral acidity. Planting is carried out both in spring and autumn (before the first frost). The planting scheme is standard: holes are about 70 cm deep, about 1 m wide, there should be at least 4-5 m of free space between the trees.

Despite their drought resistance, trees need regular and abundant watering, at least 25-30 liters of water every week. Mineral supplements perform well throughout the year, as well as organic fertilizers in spring and autumn. For the winter, it is advisable to mulch the tree trunk circle with humus or peat mixed with sawdust.

Diseases and pests

Among the diseases, the most dangerous for apple trees, including Jonagold trees, are scab and powdery mildew.

Scab is a fungal disease that appears on leaves and shoots as light, as if discolored, spots. After some time, the spots become covered with an olive-brown coating, grow and eventually turn black. Subsequently, all parts of the tree become infected, and it gradually begins to fade. Young trees affected by scab produce a harvest, but the apples are deformed and often have a poor taste.

Powdery mildew is another fungal disease that appears on the green part of the tree in the form of a powdery coating. white(fungal spores). Over time, the fungus spreads and the spots on the leaves and petioles (spread from bottom to top) become brown. The affected areas wither and subsequently die. The infection spreads quite quickly to neighboring plants, so prompt treatment is required.

The Jonagold apple tree variety has gained great popularity among professional and amateur gardeners. What are the advantages of this variety over other types? Jonagold apples are distinguished by their fairly large size and excellent taste.

Jonagold is a variety characterized by increased early fruiting, so trees begin to bear fruit in the third year after planting.

The winter hardiness of the variety is low (even below average). Apple trees have a very difficult time withstanding the change from a normal winter to a harsh one. Extremely cold winter conditions can cause great damage to trees, as a result of which they are not capable of full recovery, and the recovery process is quite long in time. The result of such negative impacts is a sharp decrease in yield.

Apple trees of this variety are characterized by average resistance to scab and low resistance to powdery mildew, so it is necessary to regularly prevent these diseases.

In early spring, apple trees need to be additionally treated with Bordeaux mixture, and after buds open - with preparations that contain copper. The number of necessary treatments directly depends on weather conditions: in rainy weather it should be treated more often than in dry weather.

Jonagold is a variety of apples obtained as a result of the work of breeders in 1943. The variety was bred in 1943 at the Geneva breeding station located in New York, USA, as a result of a successful crossing of the Golden Delicious and Jonathan varieties. The developed variety did not receive recognition from American breeders, and therefore no further work was carried out to improve it and distribute it among gardeners.

Only 13 years later the variety first appeared in the Netherlands and Belgium, and in 1970 - 1980. Large-scale production studies of the Jonagold variety began to be carried out in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine. It was on the territory of the former USSR that the potential of this variety was revealed, thanks to which it quickly gained well-deserved popularity among the population of the country.

Apple tree Jonagold: description of the variety

Apples of the Jonagold variety ripen on fast-growing and vigorous apple trees. Feature young trees have a wide oval-shaped crown.

In mature trees, it changes somewhat and takes on a more rounded, spherical shape. The degree of crown density is average, primarily due to the fact that the skeletal branches extend from the trunk at a wide angle.

Every year an average number of young branches are formed on the apple tree. Fruiting is concentrated on ringlets, fruit branches and even annual growths.

The flowering process begins early. Apple tree Jonagold – fruit tree triploid type. This means that it needs at least two pollinators to bear fruit.

Thanks to open pollination, no more than 20% of the ovary can be formed. The best pollinators of this variety are: Idared, Gloucester and Elstar.

Fruit characteristics

Jonagold fruits are large in size, and the weight of one apple can reach up to 250 grams. The diameter of apples is up to 9 cm.

The shape of apples is round, slightly elongated with a faintly pronounced ribbed surface near the fruit calyx (this can be most clearly observed in large fruits).

The thickness of the peel is medium, but dense and smooth with a pronounced waxy coating. The main color of the fruit is green-yellow, and the outer color has an orange-reddish tint, which is often called “blush”.

The apple pulp is yellow, juicy and dense, tastes sweet and sour with a clearly visible tartness. They are harvested in September, but the fruits reach full maturity only in January.

Apples collected from this tree have a universal purpose and are widely used for canning, fresh consumption, for making juices, wines, purees, and various desserts. IN industrial production From such apples a powder is prepared intended for baby food.

Nutritional value of apples:

• carbohydrates – 48 kilocalories (about 12 grams);
• fat – 5 kilocalories (0.5 grams);
• proteins – 2 kilocalories (about 0.5 grams).

This nutritional value contributed to wide application apples of this variety in dietetics.

Suitable growing regions

The "Jonagold" apple tree is distinguished by its versatility to its growing areas. The most important requirement for the regions is moderately cold winters. The apple tree prefers a temperate and warm climate, so there are many suitable regions for it. This variety can grow in America, Europe, in the middle canopy and in the south of Russia.

Popular variety clones

The enormous popularity of the variety has ensured the emergence of a large number of clones, of which there are currently over a hundred. The more intense coloring of apples is the most important difference between the varieties.

Conventionally, based on color, all clones can be divided into five main groups:

1. Varieties characterized by bright red skin, spotted, slightly blurred blush. Representatives: New Jonagold, Wilmuta and others.
2. Varieties distinguished by a bright red skin color with a somewhat blurred outer color. These include: Jonika, Nicobel, Jonald King.
3. Clones with dark red skin. Representative - Navajo
4. Varieties with dark red skin color, but a blurred blush: Jonagored, Romalgold, Decosta.
5. Clones with dark red skin color and uniform blush: Rubinstar, Jomured.

Productivity, storage, consumption

The period of fruit ripeness falls at the end of September (some differences may be observed depending on the climatic conditions prevailing in the growing area).

Harvesting of Jonagold apples begins at the moment when their color turns yellow-orange and there is also a slight pink tint. The fruits reach full ripening only after three months (in January). In the refrigerator, apples keep well until April. The variety is highly transportable.

The harvest from the apple tree can be obtained already in the third year. From trees aged 5 to 7 years, about 10 - 15 kg of fruit are harvested; at the age of 10 to 12 years, the harvest volume reaches from 40 to 55 kg.

If the storage rules are followed, apples of this variety have excellent shelf life and can be stored until April.

After the fruit is removed from the tree, then:

• they need to be cooled in the basement or in the refrigerator;
• after cooling, each fruit is carefully wrapped in plain paper;
• fruits are placed in a dry, clean container so that the stalks “look” up;
• containers with apples should be placed in the basement or in refrigerator For fresh vegetables and fruits.

The main purpose of apples is to eat fresh, but many people use them for preparing preserves, for preparing for the winter (jams, jams, five-minute preserves), and even for making homemade wines.

Reviews of the Jonagold variety

Many gardeners emphasize the following obvious advantages of this variety:

1. Large in size, appetizing fruits with excellent taste.
2. High rates of early pregnancy.
3. Possibility to store apples for a long period of time (until April).
4. The widest possible use of fruits for culinary purposes: compotes, preserves, jams are made from them, they are also used for the production of natural juices or apple wine.
5. Apple trees of this variety do not require special pruning.

Many reviews also highlight negative points:

• winter hardiness coefficient is too low;
• poor resistance of apple trees to diseases.

Planting and caring for Jonagold apple trees

Apple tree planting scheme:

Apple trees of this variety are found in regions where moderate Cold winter, since in severe winter conditions trees can be injured. In this regard, it will not be possible to grow this variety in the northern regions.

Average drought tolerance should also be taken into account. Therefore, the maximum favorable conditions trees are grown in regions where the climate is warm and temperate. In central Russia, Jonagold apple trees can be grown only if all the rules of care and preparation for the winter period are observed.

Choosing a landing site

For normal height and development, it is necessary to choose sunny, open areas, protected from drafts.

The soil for planting should be fertile, loose, with neutral acidity. Trees of this variety do not grow on peat and marshy soils.

Apple trees can be planted in both spring and autumn. In the autumn season, planting should be done before the first frost.

The scheme for planting apple trees of the Jonagold variety is similar to other trees: hole depth – 0.7 meters, width – 1 meter. Minimum distance between trees – 5 – 7 meters.

The top part of the soil is mixed with ash and potassium-phosphorus fertilizers, after which the prepared soil is poured onto the bottom of the hole. Here it is also necessary to additionally install a peg to which the young seedling will be tied. The remaining free space is covered with earth, lightly compacting each layer.

Apple trees of this variety are resistant to drought, but even despite this, they must be watered weekly at the rate of 25 - 30 liters of water per seedling.

Feeding rules

Starting from the second year of the apple tree’s life and over the next four, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers, which will promote the active growth of the apple tree.

During the year, adult apple trees should be fed with mineral fertilizers, and in spring and autumn it is necessary to additionally apply organic fertilizers. When preparing for winter, it is advisable to mulch the tree trunk circle with peat, previously mixed with sawdust or humus.

In the event that freezing of the lower branches or root system occurs, it is necessary to use foliar fertilizers containing 0.5% urea solution. The first time such fertilizing is done after flowering, the second time – two weeks after the first. Potassium chloride is additionally added to the solution.

Trimming and shaping the crown

This variety of apple trees does not require special pruning, so the main task facing the gardener is the formation of the crown. For this purpose, you should cut the conductor from the upper branch of the lower tier by 40 centimeters and leave about 5 (±1) skeletal branches.

If the tree is poorly developed, the conductor should be shortened by only 20 centimeters. A year later, it must be shortened again by 40 cm, and after 4 years the conductor is cut out at a height of 2.5 m, transferring it to one of the side branches.

In the future, you only need to remove crossed or crooked branches and strive to maintain the crown in a cone shape.

Diseases of Jonagold apple trees

Jonagold apple trees are susceptible to diseases such as scab and powdery mildew.

Scab is a fungal disease, the causes of infection of which are indicated by the appearance of light spots on the leaves (there is a feeling that the leaves are discolored), after which the spot becomes covered with an olive-brown coating, grows and ultimately the leaves become completely black.

This is how gradual infection of all parts of the tree occurs. Young trees affected by this disease are capable of producing crops, but their apples are often deformed and often have poor taste.

With a disease such as powdery mildew, a white fungal coating appears on green leaves and petioles, which quickly spreads from bottom to top, and after some time the spots become brown. First, the affected areas wither, and then die completely.

Jonagold is an American apple tree with late-winter ripening fruits. Obtained in 1943 at the Geneva breeding station (New York, USA) by crossing 2 varieties - Jonathan x Golden Delicious. In the early 1970s, the variety was sent to undergo initial testing, and since the mid-1980s, it has undergone extensive production testing in plantings belonging to scientific institutions in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe of Ukraine. In the territory of southern Polesie, this apple tree was tested mainly on frost-resistant skeleton-forming plants. It is worth noting that initially the new variety did not arouse much interest among American breeders and its trials were completed in the United States back in 1953. In the 1960s, Jonagold was brought to European countries (Belgium, the Netherlands), where its first large plantings appeared. And only after the active spread of the apple tree throughout Europe in their homeland they remembered it. The variety began to be distributed on the territory of the Soviet Union in the 1970s, and in the 1980s it was grown in all republics of the USSR. The popularity of this apple tree throughout the world has not faded to this day; its share in the world market accounts for a significant volume of apple sales.

The trees are vigorous and fast growing. Crown in at a young age broadly oval in shape, in mature trees - spherical, medium thick. When extending from the trunk, the skeletal branches form a wide angle (closer to a straight line). The excitability of the buds is above average, the ability to form shoots is average. Fruiting is concentrated on ringlets, fruit twigs and annual growths.

The flowering period falls in the middle period. The variety is triploid (requires at least 2 pollinators). From 9 to 21% of fruits are set through open pollination. Among the best pollinators for Jonagold are the following varieties: Jonathan, Idared, Gloucester, Champion, Cox Orange Pipin, Elstar.

The fruits are of above-average and large size (the weight of an apple usually varies from 170 to 220 g, the largest specimens can reach 250 g), one-dimensional, round or rounded-elongated, slightly conical, with ribbing at the calyx (better expressed in large fruits). The skin is of medium thickness, smooth, elastic, dense, shiny, with a waxy coating. The main color of the fruit is greenish-yellow; the outer color occupies no more than 2/3 of the surface of the apple and is expressed through a fairly bright, blurry-striped orange-red blush.

The pulp is yellow in color, dense in consistency, juicy, crispy, with an excellent, very unique, but harmonious sweet and sour taste, with astringency. Tasting assessment of the taste of Jonagold apples is 4.6 - 4.8 points. A variety for universal use: fresh, canned, juices, compotes, purees, dry powders for baby food, preserves, jams, desserts.

The period of removable fruit ripeness falls in September (often towards the end of the month, depending on the area of ​​growth). It is customary to harvest when the main color of the fruit becomes yellow-orange (without “greenishness”) with the addition of a pink blush. The fruits reach full maturity in January. The fruits are stored for quite a long time: in the refrigerator until April. The transportability of the variety is very high.

The apple tree bears fruit quickly: the trees bear fruit from the 3rd year after planting. Productivity is also high: from 5 - 7 year old trees up to 10 - 15 kg of fruits are collected, at the age of 10 - 12 years old apple trees produce up to 40 - 55 kg of fruits.

Winter hardiness is low (below average): trees very unfavorably tolerate the change from normal winter to extreme winter for a particular region. In the conditions of the Crimea, the Steppe and the western Forest-Steppe, the trees can withstand the winters usual for these regions well with decent agrotechnical care on M.9 and MM.106 rootstocks, while forming quite high yields. In extreme winters, trees suffer significant damage, take a long time and are not fully restored, and yields are noticeably reduced. For example, in the conditions of southern Polesie Ukraine, in the harsh winter of 1986 - 1987. Trees aged 6 years on M.3 froze by 3.0 - 4.0 points when the air temperature dropped to minus 35.9 °C. In the spring, the condition of the trees was assessed at 2.0 - 3.0 points: the wood of the skeletal and semi-skeletal branches was brown, the proportion of damaged bark on the trunk reached 50 - 70% of the total surface, up to 65% of the fruit formations were frozen, loss of some semi-skeletal branches and shoots was observed grew very weakly. Subsequently (from 1987 to 1992), the frozen trees never fully recovered, bringing low yields (from 7 to 18 kg/tree). In 1993, these trees were uprooted.

The resistance of the Jonagold apple tree to scab is average, and to powdery mildew - low.

The obvious advantages of the variety are: large, very beautiful fruits with excellent taste; high rates of productivity, early fruiting and keeping quality; the possibility of various uses of fruits for culinary and industrial purposes.

Significant disadvantages include: insufficient high level winter hardiness and resistance to major diseases.

Since the Jonagold apple tree is very popular all over the world, it has developed numerous clones (there are more than 100 species in total), usually distinguished by a more intense color. They are conventionally divided into 5 groups:

1. Mutants with a bright red striped (hatched) spotty-blurred blush: Wilmuta, New Jonagold, etc. 2. Mutants with a bright red blurred cover color: Jonica, Jonagold King ( Jonagold King), Nicobel, Goldpurpur, etc.

3. Mutants with average fruit color between bright red and dark red: Navajo. 4. Mutants with a dark red blush blurred over the entire surface of the fruit, against which streaks may appear: Jonagored, Jonagold Decosta, Romagold. 5. Mutants with a uniform dark red blush blurred over the entire surface of the fruit: Jomured, Marnica, Rubinstar.

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Apple tree "Jonagold": description of the variety, photo

The Jonagold apple tree has been one of the most common and popular varieties throughout the world for decades. It has rightly earned such recognition due to its excellent characteristics, which we will consider in the article.

History of selection

“Jonagold” is an apple variety, bred in 1943 in Geneva (USA) as a result of crossing two selections - “Golden Delicious” and “Jonathan”. But at first, this variety did not gain due popularity among breeders, and since 1953 in America they forgot about it, stopping any research. The first large-scale plantings of the Jonagold apple tree appeared in the 1960s after its spread in the territories of such European countries, like Belgium and the Netherlands.

The appearance of this variety on the territory of the USSR dates back to the early 1970s, and since the 1980s it has already been introduced in all republics of the Soviet Union without exception. In the mid-1980s, the Jonagold apple tree passed a successful production test on the territory of scientific institutions in the forest-steppe and steppe of Ukraine. The variety was studied on skeleton-forming plants in southern Polesie for frost resistance.

Description of the tree

Jonagold apple trees belong to a fast-growing and vigorous species. According to the description, young representatives of the variety are distinguished by a wide oval-shaped crown, which over time transforms into a spherical one with an average density of branches. The arrangement of the skeletal branches in relation to the trunk forms a wide, almost right angle.
The shoot formation of this variety is considered average, and the excitability of the buds is above average. Fruits on trees are formed not only on ringlets, but also on fruit twigs and annual growths.

Description of fruits

The apples are mostly large or larger than average in size, since the average weight of one is 170-230 g; specimens weighing 250 g are not uncommon. The fruits are characterized by a round or slightly conical shape, one-dimensionality with slightly pronounced ribbing in the area of ​​the fruit calyx.

The peel of apples is of medium thickness, smooth texture, quite elastic with a waxy coating. The external color of apples is presented in green-yellow shades with a dark red, slightly striped cover that occupies most of their surface.

Inside, apples are characterized by fairly dense, juicy and crispy pulp with a yellowish tint. They taste sour-sweet with a slight tartness. In general, the taste qualities of this variety are estimated at 4.6-4.8 points.

Lighting requirements

When planting seedlings to obtain maximum yield, it is very important to take into account lighting requirements. The Jonagold apple tree is a light-loving variety. Therefore, the planting site should always be as bright and open to sunlight as possible.

Soil requirements

Before purchasing a seedling of the desired apple variety, make sure that the soil on your site meets all the requirements as much as possible. Since the Jonagold apple tree is an industrial variety, the soil for planting in the first place should not be heavy; loamy and sandy loam soil is most suitable. In this case, soil, level groundwater which is located above 1.5-2 m to the surface.

Pollination

"Jonagold" is a prominent representative of triploid varieties. This means that for maximum productivity a minimum of 2 types of pollinators is required. Under the condition of free pollination, no more than 20% of the fruits are set on the tree, or even less. The best and proven pollinators for the Jonagold apple tree include Gloucester, Idared and Elstar.

Fruiting

“Jonagold” is a fast-growing variety, since the first fruits appear already in the second or third year from the moment of planting. Subsequently, the trees bear fruit every year.

Important! Weather conditions during the period of ovary formation and fruiting have little effect on the yield of this variety.

Maturation period

The fruits reach ripeness in the second half of September. Don't be alarmed if the apples don't seem ripe enough. When removed from the tree, they should be yellow-orange in color with a pink blush. But don’t be afraid of this, because consumer ripeness of the fruit begins already in the month of January.

Important! Do not pick fruits that have a pronounced green color from the tree.

Productivity

The productivity of Jonagold apple trees is high and steadily increasing. Thus, 7-8 year old apple trees produce an average of 15 kg of apples, 9-12 year old trees produce 40-50 kg, and 20-30 year old trees produce 60-100 kg per year per tree.

Transportability and storage

The transportability of the fruit is considered high. During transportation, apples perfectly retain their presentation. You can store fruits using two options:

• In the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-3 degrees, the fruits are stored until April.
• in storage, cellar - until February.

Resistance to diseases and pests

The variety of apple trees in question is not sufficiently resistant to diseases and pests. In opposition to scab, he has average results.
To frequent and dangerous diseases for apple trees include powdery mildew. Due to the low level of resistance to it, it is necessary to constantly help trees fight this type of disease. In the spring, Jonagold must be treated with Bordeaux solution. During the period after bud formation and before flowering, trees should be sprayed by special means with copper content.

Winter hardiness

Winter hardiness cannot be called strong point of this variety, it is below average or even close to low. Trees have a particularly difficult time withstanding winters with extreme temperature changes. In such harsh weather conditions, trees suffer noticeable damage, after which they take a very long time and do not fully recover, which significantly affects their productivity.

Use of fruits

Apples of this variety are classified as fruits with universal application. They are good not only fresh, but also in the form of all kinds of preservation - juices, compotes, purees, jams, preserves. Great demand for Jonagold fruits comes from baby food manufacturers who process them into dry powder.

Advantages and disadvantages

Having analyzed all the main characteristics of Jonagold apple trees, we should highlight their main advantages and disadvantages.
Obvious strengths The fruits of this variety are as follows:

• large fruits with excellent external and taste characteristics;
• high and stable yield;
• precociousness;
• high transportability;
• long storage;
• universal use in cooking.

But among the huge number of advantages, there are also disadvantages:

• low disease resistance;
• insufficient level of winter hardiness.

Despite some weaknesses of the Jonagold apple tree, its numerous advantages have made it famous all over the world, and the demand for its fruits is only increasing every year.

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Jonagold (apple tree): description of the variety, photo

Apples are valued for their benefits to the body and taste. The number of apple tree varieties increases every year, but some of them become especially popular thanks to delicious fruits and their good keeping quality. Jonagold belongs to these varieties.

Jonagold (apple tree): description

Jonagold is an apple tree winter variety. It is obtained by crossing the very well known Golden Delicious and Jonathan varieties. This happened in the middle of the last century in America. This variety came to us a couple of decades later, and gardeners immediately paid attention to it. Industrial cultivation began.

Jonagold apple tree (photo) is popular not only in the USA. There she is among the top 15 most requested. It is one of the most commonly grown varieties in Belgium. It is valued for its large fruits, although its price is low.

The Jonagold apple tree is of medium height, in the first years of life it has a wide rounded crown. Then, at the time of full fruiting, it becomes broadly oval. The density of young branches is average. The crown shape does not require special adjustments. Skeletal branches grow at such an angle that they do not need to be adjusted.

Every year an average number of young branches are formed on the tree. The tree bears fruit on ringlets, annual growth and fruit branches.

It begins to bear fruit quite early, in the third year after planting. permanent place Jonagold apple tree.

The description and photo indicate that the fruits are larger than average in size, reaching up to 9 cm in diameter. The weight of one fruit is up to 220 g. The apples are the same size, round. The color is yellow, with a red or orange blush covering two-thirds of the fruit. The skin is medium thick, shiny, covered with a waxy coating. The pulp is very tasty, aromatic, with a wine flavor, sweet and sour (4.6 b.), yellow in color.

The fruits reach removable ripeness at the end of September, a week earlier than the mother variety Golden Delicious. It is then that they are removed from the trees and stored.

They can be stored in a cellar or other premises of this type. There they can retain their taste until February. If you use the refrigerator for storage, you can enjoy fresh Jonagold apples in April.

Usage

Jonagold apples tolerate transportation well, so they can be transported over long distances.

Apples of this variety are used to make juices and wine. From the bottom they produce puree and dry powders. What do the gardeners who grow the Jonagold apple tree say? Reviews say that at home, jams, preserves, compotes are made from apples of this variety, and used as a filling for pies. But best use They consider eating fresh apples because they are very tasty and aromatic.

Pollinators

It doesn't bloom very early. Jonagold is a triploid. In order for the number of ovaries to be sufficient, you need to have at least two pollinators.

Open pollination ranges from 9 to 21 percent. The best pollinators for this apple tree variety are:

• James Grieve;
• Renet Orange Cox.

Pollination with varieties shows good results:

• Jonathan;
• Champion;
• Idared;
• Elstar.

Productivity

The yield of the Jonagold variety does not depend on weather conditions. It is always stable and quite high.

At the age of 7 years, the Jonagold apple tree is capable of producing up to 15 kg of fruit per tree; at 12 years, the yield is up to 55 kg per tree.

Frost resistance of apple trees

Jonagold is an apple tree with average frost resistance. Does not tolerate sudden changes in the usual for the region winter temperatures to extreme ones. After freezing, it recovers poorly and the yield decreases. In the middle zone, trees of this variety are best grown on frost-resistant wood chips.

Growing

You can plant an apple tree in autumn or spring. It is believed that the Jonagold apple tree variety takes root better in the fall. But for this it needs to be planted correctly.

The hole for the seedling is prepared in advance, two weeks before planting. Its size should be sufficient to accommodate the root and provide it with a set of useful substances. Having prepared a hole 1 m deep, loosen the soil. This allows the roots of the plant to grow unhindered in depth and to the sides for several years. The length and width of the pit are also 1 m.

The soil for planting an apple tree should be neutral acidic, pH 5.0-6.5. The layer of chernozem or humus layer must be at least 18 cm. The apple tree does not tolerate stagnation of water in the root system. Level groundwater should not be less than 1.5 m. Apple trees do not grow on swampy soils and peat bogs.

The top layer of soil is laid separately. Fertilizers and substances beneficial to the seedling are added. This is rotted manure, a handful of ash. You can add complex or potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.

A mound of prepared soil is placed at the bottom of the hole. A seedling is placed on it. Straighten the roots so that they are directed to the sides of the mound. Place a peg in the hole to which the seedling will be tied. Carefully fill the remaining space with earth, compacting it periodically.

Watered. Up to 30 liters of water are poured under one tree. Then the tree trunk circle is mulched with a thick layer of peat, humus, hay or mowed grass. This especially needs to be done in the spring. Mulch will help retain moisture near the plant's roots and prevent weeds from choking it out. Water deeply once or twice a week. This largely depends on the weather and soil conditions.

In spring they are planted 5 days after the soil thaws. In autumn - two weeks before the onset of persistent frosts.

When planting, make sure that the planting site is located at a height of at least 10 cm above the soil level. The distance between apple trees should be at least 4.5 m.

Crown formation

Jonagold is an apple tree that does not require special pruning. Its skeletal branches grow at the right angle. Therefore, the main task is to form a crown by cutting the conductor 40 cm from the upper branch of the lower tier, and leaving required quantity skeletal branches (4-6).

If the tree is weak, the lower tier consists of 3-4 branches, the conductor is cut to 20 cm. The next year it is shortened again by 40 cm. After 4 years of such procedures, the conductor is cut out at a height of 2.5 m, transferring it to a side branch.

Subsequently, branches growing into the crown or crossing are removed. Damaged or diseased ones are pruned. The crown is constantly maintained in a cone shape.

Feeding

In the first 4 years of life (in the second year after planting), nitrogen fertilizers are applied to promote the growth of the apple tree. When the branches or root system freeze, which can happen in the Jonagold apple tree, use foliar feeding with a 0.5 percent urea solution. The first time is carried out a couple of weeks after flowering, the second time after another two weeks. Potassium chloride is added to the solution.

Foliar feeding with preparations containing boron promotes better fruit set.

Disease resistance

Jonagold is an apple tree that has average resistance to scab. But powdery mildew is often affected. These diseases need to be fought regularly. In early spring, the tree is treated with Bordeaux mixture. After bud break, but not during flowering, they are treated with other preparations containing copper. The number of treatments depends on weather conditions. In rainy and hot weather they need to be carried out more often than in dry summers.

Apple clones

Jonagold is a popular and famous apple tree. Therefore, it is often used to breed new species. Currently there are more than 100 of them. They are all divided into 5 groups according to color.

These are mutants with a bright red blurred or striped coat, a solid red color or blush, blurred over the entire surface with or without strokes.

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Jonathan + Golden Delicious = Jonagold

Breeding work aims to improve existing and develop new varieties of plants and animals. There are several methods and techniques for performing such tasks, among which is the method of interspecific crossing. It involves pollination of flowers of one plant variety with pollen of another, followed by selection of seeds. This is how many varieties and hybrids were obtained, among which the Jonagold apple tree takes its place.

The emergence and distribution of the Jonagold variety

The Jonagold apple variety was obtained in the mid-twentieth century, in 1943, in the USA. It was bred by scientists at the Geneva breeding station in New York State, crossing the then well-known Jonathan and Golden Delicious varieties. For some reason, the variety did not become widespread in America and in 1960, after some tests, it was brought to Europe. Soon the first industrial plantations of Jonagold appeared in Holland and Belgium. European gardeners were pleased with the new plant and plantings of the variety began to spread to other countries.

In the Soviet Union, Jonagold drew attention in the early 70s, and then serious variety testing began. Around then, this apple tree returned to the American continent and became one of the most popular there. The main work with the variety was carried out in institutes of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine, where the emphasis was on determining the frost and drought resistance of the plant. The Jonagold apple tree performed well, and by the mid-80s the seedlings were propagated and brought for planting in different regions THE USSR. It was in our country that the variety received greatest distribution and is successfully grown to this day (though only on personal plots).

Photo gallery: Jonagold and parents

Variety Golden Delicious - fragrant apples of light yellow color Variety Jonagold - parents can be proud of this offspring Variety Jonathan is popular due to its unpretentiousness and high yield

Description of the apple tree

The Jonagold apple tree has medium, sometimes large, sizes. The shape of the crown changes slightly with age - from round to more elongated, oval. The density is characterized as average, the branches generally grow almost horizontally, forming a right angle with the trunk. Young, overgrowing shoots are directed upward. The bark of the trunk is gray-brown in color; that of annual growth is brown. The leaves are large, pointed, smooth with a green matte surface. The flowers are medium-sized, white, located on ringlets and fruiting branches.

Young Jonagold trees in industrial cultivation

Jonagold's fruits are large, with an average weight of 185 g, but they can weigh up to 220 g. The shape is regular, round, slightly elongated. The ribbing is weak, more noticeable in large fruits. The main color of the apple is green with yellowish, integumentary, often occupying 75% of the surface, orange-red, blurred, sometimes with noticeable stripes. The skin is dense, smooth, with a waxy coating. The funnel is conical, medium size. The peduncle is short, curved, firmly holding the fruit.

Jonagold apples

The apple pulp is fine-grained, medium-density, juicy, cream or yellow in color. The taste is sweet and sour, tart with a pleasant, strongly noticeable fruity aroma. When fresh, the fruits have the highest tasting score - 5 points; during storage, the taste deteriorates slightly to 4.6–4.8 points. Harvesting maturity occurs in late September - early October.

Appearance and section of Jonagold apples

Video: all about the Jonagold apple tree

Characteristics of the variety

Like any other plant, Jonagold has its positive and negative traits.

Problematic characteristics that slightly alarm gardeners when choosing a variety are:

• triploid type of apple tree, when at least two pollinators are required for full pollination, but the plant itself cannot be a pollinator;
• low adaptability, as a result, poor winter hardiness: the apple tree is difficult to rebuild when normal conditions change to more difficult ones;
• resistance to scab and powdery mildew is average, but in unfavorable conditions there is a high risk of severe damage to trees, which requires, regardless of weather factors, constant preventive treatments.

These qualities undoubtedly make it difficult to grow a Jonagold apple tree, but, of course, they should not be considered key. This variety has many qualities that have made it famous and popular in many regions. Among them it is necessary to highlight:

• good yield - average, recorded in industrial cultivation - 225 c/ha;
• high drought and heat resistance of plants, increased temperature has almost no effect on the general condition of the tree;
• early fruiting - fruiting begins from the third year after planting, at the age of 6 years the harvest is 10–15 kg;
• ability for long-term storage - if appropriate conditions are met, the collected fruits are stored for about eight months;
• versatility of using fruits both fresh and after processing, in home and industrial conditions;
• excellent transportability of fruits - losses during transportation are minimal;
• Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, these are large, one-dimensional, smooth apples with excellent taste and attractive appearance.

Jonagold apples look amazing before picking

Some features of growing Jonagold apple trees

How successfully Jonagold will grow should be considered immediately when planting a tree.

You need to start by choosing a location and preparing a planting hole. There should be no drafts at the planting site, the groundwater level should be no closer than 1.5 m from the ground surface. The acid reaction of the soil should be neutral, at a level of 5.5–6.5 pH (if it does not correspond, take the necessary measures). Prepare the pit at least 3-4 weeks before the expected planting date and add the required amount of fertilizer - 2 buckets of organic matter (compost, humus, etc.).

When planting several trees, the distance between them should not be less than 4.5 m. You should immediately determine the presence of pollinators. Within a radius of 20 m there must be at least two different varieties Apple trees have the same flowering period as Jonagold. If this condition is not met, the harvested harvest is unlikely to exceed 25–30% of the potential. Best neighbors You can name Idared, Elstar, Champion, the parent varieties Jonathan and Golden Delicious, as well as any of the many clones of Jonagold.

The optimal time for planting is considered to be early autumn, although spring planting is also possible. Planting the plant in the fall ensures compaction of the soil around the roots and overall survival of the root system before the winter cold.

There are no difficulties when forming the crown of a tree. For a planted seedling, the central conductor above the upper skeletal branch should be cut off and a sparse tiered form should be formed, removing thickening and damaged shoots.

During the growth process, Jonagold does not have a great need for fertilizing; autumn mulching with humus is sufficient - 1 bucket per square meter. m trunk circle. If the soil is depleted, it is advisable to carry out spring fertilizing with nitroammophos at the rate of 50 g/m2 of the tree trunk circle. Treatment after flowering with boron-containing preparations improves fruit set.

Given the low resistance to powdery mildew, protective procedures must be carried out constantly, without even waiting for signs of the disease to appear. Before the buds open, the tree should be treated with 3% Bordeaux mixture (per 10 liters of water - 0.3 kg copper sulfate and 0.4 kg of quicklime) or the drug DNOC (strictly following the instructions for use). Before flowering and immediately after it, spray with copper-containing fungicides. In humid and damp weather, treatments should be carried out approximately once every two weeks, preferably changing the preparations; in dry weather, one spray per month is sufficient.

Jonagold trees are hard to bear very coldy and sudden temperature changes, so at a young age the plant needs to be covered for the winter. As long as the size of the apple tree allows, you need to completely wrap the trunk and branches with insulating materials. Both natural materials (straw, dry corn and sunflower plants, burlap, etc.) and synthetic materials (roofing felt, plastic film, roofing felt and others). It is preferable to use natural ones - the air circulates more freely and it is much easier for the plant to breathe; when the temperature changes, condensation does not form on the branches.

Complete cover of trees for the winter synthetic material

These are perhaps the main points that you should pay attention to when growing the Jonagold variety.

Such delicious fruits proper care apple tree Jonagold gives

Need 2 pollinators different varieties

Grade: 5

The apple trees of this variety are vigorous and grew very quickly after planting. The crown is not prone to excessive thickening, there is not much hassle with it. Fruiting is mixed, apples are formed on different branches. main feature variety is that it belongs to triploid, it needs 2 pollinators at once. Idared, Orange Pepin and Jonathan are the best. The fruits on the tree are formed large and ripen simultaneously; smaller than 180 grams are not obtained. With good weather conditions and proper care, it was possible to get giants weighing 250 grams. The skin of apples is very smooth, dense and elastic, covered with a waxy coating. Therefore, there are no problems with transportation and storage. The fruits are very tasty, and the pulp is juicy and quite dense. The variety is universal; apples are well suited both for fresh consumption and for canning, baking, and drying. I usually harvest at the end of September, but full ripening occurs only in January. The keeping quality of the variety is excellent; apples can be stored in the cellar until April without any special tricks. Fruiting began in the third year after planting; the apple trees reached their maximum capacity at the age of 10. One tree produces a minimum of 55 kg annually.

Long shelf life

Grade: 5

An apple tree requires at least 2 pollinators. When I took the seedlings, there was already a Jonathan tree growing on the site, and the neighbors have apple trees, which is quite enough. planted in the usual way: I poured ash and fertilizer into the hole, our land in the south is fertile, you don’t have to bother. At first, I watered it abundantly and dug holes around the roots so that oxygen could flow. The trees grew well, leaves and new branches quickly appeared. I did some form pruning, but the crown is still spherical, the branches grow almost at right angles, the older the tree, the more difficult it is to harvest. A year later, the first fruits appeared, large, 200 grams each, greenish, but with a blush, the skin was hard, shiny, the flesh was juicy. The first year the apples were a little sour, but then they became sweeter. The apple trees are 5 years old, I harvest almost 30 kilos from them. I collect them in September, while the fruits are still green, then I store them in a dry, ventilated area, and by winter they will ripen and become rosy and juicy. They last until spring and do not lose their taste. Usually everything goes into use, the wife makes jam, some of it goes into cooking, and most of it is eaten. Good apple trees, excellent yield, tasty variety, they just get sick often, no matter how you spray them.

Variety for everyone

Grade: 5

The Jonagold apple tree has been bearing fruit for me for the fourth year in a row. The tree grows quickly and tolerates pruning well. It loves the sun, so it should not be planted next to tall, branchy trees, such as walnuts. The tree is particularly unpretentious and productive.
An important point is that this variety does not pollinate itself; at least two pollinators are needed. I have Champion and Idared, they are already old, but as pollinators they perform their function perfectly.
Apples are very good for winter storage. The tree is still young, and the yield is quite low - up to 15 kg. The fruits are medium in size, round in shape, sometimes with a red-orange side. Juicy, sweet, slightly sour, the peel is hard, due to this they tolerate transportation well.
I store the fruits in the cellar until February-March. Three trees provide my family with apples until spring.
Jonagold does not require any special care; I treat it against codling moths and leaf rollers, as well as against scab (required).
Winter hardiness is below average. Trees do not tolerate sudden temperature changes very well. Here in the Kuban, as well as in the Crimea, in the Steppe and Western forest-steppe, trees survive winters well.

Delicious and juicy apples

Grade: 5

I have known this variety of apples for a long time. At our summer cottage in the Voronezh region, trees were planted 5 years ago and have now begun to produce a full harvest. They tolerate winter well, but we never experience frosts greater than 28-30 degrees. I read that at lower temperatures trees can die. We don’t wrap tree trunks; they overwinter without problems. They began to actively bear fruit in the 3rd year. We collected about 5 kilograms of apples from one tree. Apples ripen in mid-late September. In the summer, be sure to thoroughly water the trees several times, especially if the summer is dry. The fruits of these apple trees are large. Often there are 4-5 pieces per kilogram, no more. In the cut - slightly yellowish flesh, hard. They fully acquire their taste by mid-winter. They can be stored in the refrigerator until April. Good for juice - it turns out sweet and sour, rich.

Only for southern regions

Grade: 4

The fruits of Starkrimson apple trees are some of the most beautiful. They are a rich carmine color (sometimes acquiring a purple tint), with a shiny skin, with bright white subcutaneous specks. Cone shape with 4 legs. All fruits are large, form the same size and ripen at the same time. The taste is excellent. The taste is rich, sweet and sour, the flesh is dense, juicy and very aromatic. Unripe fruits have greenish flesh; when fully ripe, it turns light yellow. The keeping quality of apples is amazing. This is facilitated by a thick waxy coating on the dense skin. During storage, the taste improves rather than deteriorates. Productivity is abundant and stable, there are no obvious fluctuations. The trees do not grow particularly large and have a sparse crown. There are few branches, but they are thick and powerful. Fruiting began in the 3rd year after planting with a gradual increase in volume. The main disadvantage of the variety is its low resistance to frost. With a slight drop in temperature, the shoots freeze. Therefore, the variety is suitable only for cultivation in the southern regions of the country. Apple trees also do not like excessively dry soil; in unfavorable weather conditions, regular watering is required.

Apples are an integral part of our table, both everyday and festive. Many of us grow this crop in our personal backyards. Among the variety of apple varieties, we really want to choose one that we will fall in love with at first sight.

The Jonagold apple tree is one of the popular elite varieties that was born in distant America. He immediately fell in love with domestic gardeners and gardeners for his amazing, High Quality Apples are not only very tasty, but also very beautiful and healthy.

Photo of Jonagold apple tree.

The Jonagold variety is ancient and time-tested. It originates from America, where it was bred by American breeders in 1948, who crossed Golden Delicious and Jonathan.

At first he was not popular in his homeland, but after he migrated to Europe and then to Russia in the early 60s, his popularity increased sharply. Now Jonagold is considered elite not only in America, but also in other countries.

Description of the tree

Jonagold trees are medium-sized, but powerful and fast-growing:

• their height sometimes reaches 4 meters;
• in the first 2-3 years, strong thick branches and shoots directed upward towards the sun form a crown similar to a pyramid. After a few years, the shoots straighten out, and the tree becomes rounded and spreading;
• the trunk and branches are covered with rough brown-brown bark;
• large numerous leaves - dark green, oval in shape with pointed ends and carved edges. The back side of the leaf is matte, with a slight edge;
• white flowers, also large, beautiful and very delicate, form inflorescences;
• The trees begin to bloom late - in late May-early June. Flowering lasts no longer than a week;
• For pollination, the variety needs at least two other types of apple trees. The varieties Krasnoe early, Orlovsky pioneer, Aromatnoye, etc. cope well with this process;
• Apple trees begin to bear fruit surprisingly early. Already 2-3 years after planting the seedlings, you can enjoy the delicious fruits.

Description of apples

Jonagold fruits will not leave anyone indifferent, they are so tasty and beautiful:

• apples of this variety grow large. The weight of one fruit can sometimes reach 250-300 g;
• The shape of the apples is round, beautiful and even. The surface is smooth and shiny;
• cream-colored, very aromatic pulp, juicy and crispy, covered with a thick skin with a waxy coating;
• The color of apples when fully ripe is yellow-green with a bright red blush;
• there are small sparse specks on the surface of the fruit;
• the taste of the fruit is rich, very sweet, slightly tart, with a pleasant sourness.

The taste of Jonagold apples is rated very highly - 4.8 points on a five-point scale.

Usage

Fruits of this variety are loved by both adults and children. When fresh, the fruits are incredibly tasty and will come in very handy at the holiday table as a dessert. These apples are also dried, frozen, and very aromatic jam, jam, juice and compotes are made from them.

Jonagold fruits are used to make jam and puree, they are added to baked goods, as a filling, and they are also one of the ingredients in exotic fruit salads and meat dishes.

Apples of this variety are used to produce baby food.

Ripening and harvesting dates

Jonagold is a late-ripening variety that ripens by the end of September. Harvesting begins when the color of the fruit changes from green to red. Apples do not fall off the trees and can hang on the branches for a long time without losing their taste and presentation.

Productivity

This type of crop is characterized by simply amazing yields. Plants begin to bear fruit after 2-3 years of growth. About 15 kg of apples are harvested from trees 5-6 years old, and mature apple trees over 10 years old produce 60 kg of fruit or more.

Shelf life and transportability

The longer Jonagold apples are stored, the tastier and sweeter they become. At the same time, their presentation does not deteriorate at all. In proper conditions, the harvest of this variety can be stored throughout the winter and part of the spring, until April. The peak of the best taste of apples occurs in January.

Due to its high transportability and huge demand among buyers, this variety is wildly popular among farmers who are happy to grow it on their lands for commercial purposes.

Climate and growing regions

Jonagold does not have high winter hardiness, but has excellent drought resistance, so the variety is unsuitable for growing in northern latitudes. It is successfully cultivated in all southern regions, as well as in regions with a temperate climate - the Central regions, the Chernozem region, the Non-Black Earth region and the Middle Zone.

Diseases and pests

The variety has weak immunity to fungal diseases. It may be affected by:

• scab, the symptoms of which are olive spots on the leaves and fruits, as a result of which the fruit begins to crack. Treatment of apple trees can prevent the disease in early spring 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture (per 10 liters of water - 100 g of copper sulfate and 150 g of lime). At the end of May, trees must be sprayed with the fungicide Fitosporin-M;
• powdery mildew, the occurrence of which is characterized by the appearance of a white coating on the buds and buds. Prevention from the disease is to treat trees with Bordeaux mixture, and when the first symptoms occur, apple trees must be treated with colloidal sulfur or Topaz fungicide;
• moniliosis, manifested brown spots on fruits, which eventually cover their entire surface. The fruits shrink and become inedible. To avoid disease, apple trees are sprayed in the spring with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.

Scab on an apple tree.

Trees of the Jonagold variety may be subject to attacks by apple moth, codling moth and hawthorn, from which they will be protected by treatment with insecticides Iskra, Aktara, Karbofos, etc.

Advantages and disadvantages

The Jonagold variety is characterized by many advantages:

• high taste and presentable presentation;
• generous yield;
• early fruiting periods;
• duration of storage and possibility of transportation;
• versatility of use.

The disadvantages are considered:

• low winter hardiness;
• poor immunity to disease.

Landing

The rules for planting a Jonagold apple tree are no different from the rules for planting other varieties of apple trees:

• for planting seedlings, choose a spacious, sunny, dry, fertile area well protected from the wind;
• groundwater should not approach the soil surface closer than 2 m;
• the planting site is dug up in advance, roots and weeds are removed, and fertilized;
• the holes are prepared a month before the intended planting. Pit dimensions - 70 x 100;
• fill the hole halfway with the mixture fertile soil with fertilizers (humus, wood ash, potassium sulfate and superphosphate);
• the seedling is placed there and straightened root system and covered with earth;
• the earth is compacted, watered and covered with mulch - peat, humus or cow manure.

Apple trees can be planted in both spring and autumn, depending on climatic conditions.

Care

Caring for apple trees is also standard:

• trees require sufficient moisture, especially in summer. Watering is carried out as the soil dries out, but there is no need to allow waterlogging, otherwise it may have a bad effect on the apple trees;
• Don’t forget about feeding, to which Jonagold reacts positively. In the spring, urea is used as fertilizer, in the summer the emphasis is on potassium and phosphorus, and in the fall organic matter is added;
• apple trees need annual pruning, which is done to thin out trees and form their crown;
• The soil around the trees is weeded several times a season and cleared of organic debris. It is in it that pest larvae, harmful bacteria and fungal spores, which are the causative agents of various ailments, can multiply;
• through loosening, they provide oxygen access to the root system of trees;
• in regions with a temperate climate, where there are cold winters, apple trees, especially young ones, are covered for the winter. The space around the trees is mulched to prevent the roots from freezing, and the trunks are whitened.