Types of fire alarms. Security and fire equipment Fire alarm systems OPS

To provide high level security at real estate sites, special electronic systems. These include security and fire alarms.

In order not to install two independent alarms, which would require large financial costs, an integrated alarm system was developed; what it is and how it is used will be discussed below.

OPS is a fire and security alarm system, which are combined in one multifunctional system.

The advantage of this kind of complexes is that they have a single hardware and software module that controls the operation of all security and fire sensors, as well as external systems and devices that support site safety.

Modern security and fire alarms may include:

automatic fire extinguishing systems;
smoke protection;
integrated security systems;
access control systems.

Purpose of OPS

In accordance with the GOST 26342-84 standard, the main task that security and fire alarms must solve is to receive alarm signals from sensors, process them, subsequently transmit an alarm signal to the security and fire service consoles, as well as provide users with information about an attempt to enter the premises or about a fire.

Purpose of fire and security alarm systems:

support for round-the-clock monitoring of the territory of the protected facility;
detecting fires at the earliest stages;
precise determination of the location of entry into the facility or the start of a fire;
providing security and fire services, as well as property owners with information about a break-in attempt or the start of a fire;
management of warning systems, autonomous fire extinguishing, smoke removal, personnel evacuation;
automatic self-diagnosis of security and fire sensors, as well as executive systems;
support for full alarm functionality when powered by backup power supplies.

OPS classification

Systems security- fire alarm have their own classification, which includes three categories.

Address

This security and fire alarm system is designed to monitor large and medium-sized facilities, protecting them from robbery and fire.

This type of alarm allows you to determine the exact location of the start of a fire or intrusion.

This feature is associated with the ability of the sensors used to transmit to the central console, in addition to the alarm signal, also data about which of the sensors and in which loop was triggered.

Thanks to this, you can accurately determine a dangerous place, which will allow you to put out a fire in a timely manner or neutralize intruders.

Non-addressed

Security and fire alarm systems of this type are designed to protect small-scale objects.

Its difference from the previous system is that it allows you to determine only the number of the loop whose sensor transmitted the alarm signal. This type of system does not allow us to determine the exact location where the danger was detected.

Analog addressable

Security and fire alarms of this class are among the most highly effective and reliable systems that continuously monitor the protected object by analyzing various telemetric information: air temperature, presence of smoke, strong mechanical vibrations, sound waves, etc.

The main difference from all previous OPS is that the decision to notify about danger at the facility is made by the central processor based on the analysis of many indicators obtained from different sensors installed at the facility.

This type of security and fire alarm system is a complex electronic complex that differs high accuracy identification of danger locations and has virtually no false alarms.

In addition, this type of alarm provides for the constant receipt of information from sensors about the controlled parameter; therefore, if a sensor breaks down, you can instantly find out about it through a visual notification of the alarm control panel.

Standard equipment of OPS

A fire and security alarm system of any of the listed types includes a certain set of devices that ensure its functionality.

The main ones include:

detectors (security and fire sensors);
reception and control console;
hazard warning devices and systems;
communication lines between the sensors and the console, as well as between the console and the sirens (can be radio channel, wired loop, GSM or GPRS);
backup power system (this could be accumulator battery, gasoline/diesel generator thanks to which the alarm system operates continuously);
peripheral actuators;
specialized software to control the operation of the alarm.

The sensors that are equipped with security and fire alarm systems, depending on the technology for detecting intrusion into an object or the presence of a fire, are divided into the following categories:

ultrasonic;
infrared (passive or active);
magnetic contact;
radio wave;
vibration;
acoustic;
light;
combined action.

Depending on the specific tasks, for the implementation of which security and fire systems are designed, they may also include other types of sensors that allow you to control the parameters environment.

These could be sensors that monitor air temperature and humidity, gas and water leaks, etc.

Their use will significantly expand the purpose of automatic fire alarms, providing them with functions that are characteristic of such systems as a “smart home”.

Sensors that come with security systems, there are many types.

Among those used by fire alarms, the following should be highlighted:

smoke - determine the presence of smoke in the room (depending on the sensor used, they can be photoelectric, ionization, differential, aspiration, optoelectronic, radioisotope);
temperature (thermal) – record an increase in temperature above a set threshold (they can be differential, absolute, linear thermal cable, multipoint);
flame sensors - detect the presence of open flames (the fire alarm system can have ultraviolet, infrared, optoelectronic and multi-band);
gas sensors - detect the presence of air environment a certain gas concentration (can be semiconductor, electrochemical, optoelectronic, thermal wave, thermometric);
multi-sensor sensors - this type of device can detect a fire using several parameters, the number of which is determined by the number of sensors in the sensor.

Standard functionality

Regardless of the model and manufacturer, each fire and security alarm must provide a standard set of functions, which includes:

identifying fire sources in the early stages;
determining the moment of penetration into an object;
detection of gas or water leaks in premises;
determination of temperature increases above normal, as well as the appearance of smoke;
transmitting an alarm signal to security and fire service consoles;
activation of warning and alarm systems;
work management stationary systems smoke removal and fire extinguishing;
management of the process of evacuation of people from the facility.

From what is presented above, we can conclude that even those basic functions that the alarm system has will effectively protect the facility from fire and robbery.

Features of the design and installation of fire alarm systems

In order for the security and fire alarm systems to function effectively, it is important to correctly draw up its design and subsequently carry out high-quality installation of all functional elements.

The main points to consider when designing an alarm system include:

choosing the structure and type of system used;
determining the number of security and fire sensors of a certain type;
analysis of the need for placement of additional functional sensors at the facility;
selection of the type and characteristics of the communication line through which communication will be carried out between the central console, detectors and actuators;
selection of a reception and control console, which should control the operation of the alarm system and communicate with fire and security service consoles (the console must be compatible with the consoles);
determination of optimal autonomous power sources, thanks to which the security and fire alarm system will function without interruption.

During the design process, it is also important to consider the possibility of expanding the signaling functionality in the future. In this case, the alarm system can easily be improved by adding new sensors or warning devices without the need for significant modification of an already functioning system.

Conclusion

A modern security and fire alarm system is precisely the security tool that will protect a facility from “uninvited guests” and from a possible fire.

Today there is a large number of, both ready-made kits and individual devices, with the help of which an optimal fire alarm system for a particular object can be built.

To ensure that the fire safety system being created always functions correctly and can help in case of trouble, you should entrust the installation of such systems to professional companies.

They will competently draw up a project, select the appropriate equipment and carry out its installation and configuration. Subsequently, the client will have a multifunctional and fault-tolerant security and fire alarm system.

Video: Security and fire alarm

Fire is a terrible element that claims thousands of lives every year. No less problematic is the protection of property of organizations, enterprises and individuals. To prevent casualties, death and theft material assets Security and fire alarm systems, or, in short, OPS, are installed at facilities. With the help of the technical and hardware included in it, security and fire alarms are used to prevent and minimize losses of enterprises and organizations. With this approach, in addition to timely notification, the fact, place and time of violation of the protected area is additionally recorded.

Functions of a modern security system:

Perimeter security;
Fire warning;
Call for help (alarm function);
Warning about some emergency situations in life support systems of buildings (gas leaks, water supply, etc.).

The installation of fire alarms is required by law fire safety, installation burglar alarm on site is most often a mandatory requirement of enterprises providing security services, as well as insurance companies.

Development, design, installation and maintenance of security and fire alarm systems of any generation is one of the most popular services of our company GEFEST-ALARM LLC.

Why do you need a security and fire alarm system?

As mentioned above, the purpose of the security and fire alarm system is to timely notify responsible personnel and people at the facility about emergency situations, such as a fire or a violation of the perimeter. This is one of the oldest, most effective and well-proven security systems.

The combination of security and fire alarms into one system is caused by purely economic considerations. After all, the security and fire systems many similarities, except for the obvious purpose of saving lives and property. These are identical communication channels, algorithms for processing information received from sensors, sending alarms and signals, and many technical means are similar.

Composition and means of security and fire alarm systems

Technical means of security and fire alarm systems are quite diverse. The composition of a modern security system includes the following tools and components.

Sensors and alarm detectors, the purpose of which is to react (automatically trigger) to a given alarm event. They are infrared, vibration, optical, vibration, etc.
Communication lines – wired and wireless, including via the Internet;
Receiving and control devices (RPC, “controllers”) - the purpose of this OPS tool is to receive and process, according to given operating algorithms, signals coming from sensors and control actuators, that is, turning on and off sensors if they have triggered falsely, turning on an alert and etc.
Actuating devices are their purpose to perform a given job. This means - giving a signal, dialing rescue numbers, activating other systems, for example, fire extinguishing or smoke removal.

Modern means Security and fire alarm systems include complex electronic components, and they are often controlled by a computer, so they also include software.

Types of fire and security alarm systems

There are also quite a few types of OPS currently in use. Based on their operating principle, they can be divided into 3 main categories:

Non-addressable (analog) fire and security alarm systems are used today mainly in small facilities; when one sensor is triggered, a signal is sent along the entire cable;
Addressed fire alarm systems allow you to determine the location of a fire or perimeter violation using communication protocols; they can be polling or non-polling;
Combined systems OPS are the most common due to the versatility of the prices of products and components.

The employees of Gefest-Alarm LLC have extensive experience in the design and installation of security and fire alarm systems and means; we can implement and help coordinate with the regulatory authorities any fire alarm systems at facilities of various sizes. We offer warranty and post-warranty service with all the necessary permits to carry out such work.

Fire alarm (FS) is a set of technical means, the purpose of which is to detect fire, smoke or fire and promptly notify a person about it. Its main task is to save lives, minimize damage and preserve property.

It may consist of the following elements:

Fire alarm control device (FPKP)– the brain of the entire system, exercises control over loops and sensors, turns on and off automation (fire extinguishing, smoke removal), controls sirens and transmits signals to the remote control of a security company or a local dispatcher (for example, a security guard);
Various types of sensors, which can react to factors such as smoke, open flame and heat;
Fire alarm loop (SHS)– this is the communication line between sensors (detectors) and the control panel. It also supplies power to the sensors;
Annunciator- a device designed to attract attention, there are light - strobe lamps, and sound - sirens.

According to the method of control over loops, fire alarms are divided into the following types:

PS threshold system

It is also often called traditional. The operating principle of this type is based on changing the resistance in the fire alarm system loop. Sensors can only be located in two physical conditions "norm" And "fire" If a fire factor is detected, the sensor changes its internal resistance and control panel generates an alarm signal on the loop in which this sensor is installed. It is not always possible to visually determine the location of the trigger, because in threshold systems, an average of 10-20 fire detectors are installed on one loop.

To determine the fault of the loop (and not the state of the sensors), an end-of-line resistor is used. It is always installed at the end of the loop. When using fire tactics “PS triggered by two detectors”, to receive a signal "attention" or "possibility of fire" An additional resistance is installed in each sensor. This allows you to use automatic systems fire extinguishing at the facility and eliminating possible false alarms and property damage. The automatic fire extinguishing system is activated only in the event of simultaneous activation of two or more detectors.

PPKP “Granit-5”

The following PPCPs can be classified as threshold type:

"Nota" series, produced by Argus-Spectrum
VERS-PK, manufacturer VERS
devices of the “Granit” series, manufactured by NPO “Sibirsky Arsenal”
Signal-20P, Signal-20M, S2000-4, manufacturer of NPB Bolid and other fire-fighting devices.

On to the pros traditional systems This includes ease of installation and low cost of equipment. The most significant disadvantages are the inconvenience of servicing fire alarms and the high probability of false alarms (resistance can vary from many factors, sensors cannot transmit information about dust levels), the number of which can only be reduced by using a different type of substation and equipment.

Address-threshold PS system

A more advanced system is capable of automatically periodically checking the status of sensors. Unlike threshold signaling, the operating principle is based on a different algorithm for polling sensors. Each detector is assigned its own unique address, which allows the control panel to distinguish them and understand the specific cause and location of the malfunction.

The Code of Rules SP5.13130 allows the installation of only one addressable detector, provided that:

The PS does not control fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations or type 5 fire warning systems, or other equipment that, as a result of startup, can lead to material losses and reduced human safety;
the area of the room where the fire detector is installed is not more area, for which it is designed this type sensor (you can check it using the technical documentation for it);
the performance of the sensor is monitored and in case of a malfunction a “fault” signal is generated;
It is possible to replace a faulty detector, as well as detect it by external indication.

Sensors in addressable threshold signaling may already be in several physical states – "norm", "fire", "malfunction", "attention", "dusty" and others. In this case, the sensor automatically switches to another state, which allows you to determine the location of a malfunction or fire with the accuracy of the detector.

PPKP “Dozor-1M”

The address-threshold type of fire alarm includes the following control panels:

Signal-10, manufacturer of airbag Bolid;
Signal-99, produced by PromServis-99;
Dozor-1M, manufactured by Nita, and other firefighting devices.

Addressable analog system PS

The most advanced type of fire alarm to date. It has the same functionality as addressable threshold systems, but differs in the way it processes signals from sensors. The decision to switch to "fire" or any other condition, it is the control panel that accepts it, and not the detector. This allows you to customize the operation of the fire alarm according to external factors. The control panel simultaneously monitors the status of the parameters installed devices and analyzes the obtained values, which can significantly reduce the likelihood of false alarms.

In addition, such systems have an undeniable advantage - the ability to use any address line topology - tire, ring And star. For example, if the ring line breaks, it will split into two independent wire loops, which will fully retain their functionality. In star-type lines, special insulators can be used short circuit, which will determine the location of the line break or short circuit.

Such systems are very convenient to maintain, because Detectors that require purging or replacement can be identified in real time.

The addressable analogue type of fire alarm includes the following control panels:

Two-wire communication line controller S2000-KDL, manufactured by NPB Bolid;
Series of addressable devices “Rubezh”, manufactured by Rubezh;
RROP 2 and RROP-I (depending on the sensors used), manufactured by Argus-Spectrum;
and many other devices and manufacturers.

Scheme of an addressable analogue fire alarm system based on PPKP S2000-KDL

When choosing a system, designers take into account all requirements terms of reference customer and pay attention to the reliability of operation, cost installation work and routine maintenance requirements. When the reliability criterion for a simpler system begins to decrease, designers move to using a higher level.

Radio channel options are used in cases where laying cables becomes economically unprofitable. But this option requires more money for maintenance and maintaining devices in working condition due to periodic replacement of batteries.

Classification of fire alarm systems according to GOST R 53325–2012

Types and types of fire alarm systems, as well as their classification are presented in GOST R 53325–2012 “Fire fighting equipment. Fire automatic equipment. Are common technical requirements and test methods."

We have already discussed addressable and non-addressable systems above. Here we can add that the former allow the installation of non-addressed fire detectors through special extenders. Up to eight sensors can be connected to one address.

Based on the type of information transmitted from the control panel to the sensors, they are divided into:

analog;
threshold;
combined.

According to the total information capacity, i.e. total number connected devices and loops are divided into devices:

low information capacity (up to 5 shs);
average information capacity (from 5 to 20 shs);
large information capacity (more than 20 shs).

According to information content, otherwise according to the possible number of notifications issued (fire, malfunction, dust, etc.) they are divided into devices:

low information content (up to 3 notices);
medium information content (from 3 to 5 notices);
high information content (from 3 to 5 notices);

In addition to these parameters, systems are classified according to:

Physical implementation of communication lines: radio channel, wire, combined and fiber optic;
In terms of composition and functionality: without the use of products computer technology, with the use of SVT and the possibility of its use;
Control object. Control various settings fire extinguishing means, smoke removal means, warning means and combined ones;
Expansion possibilities. Non-expandable or expandable, allowing installation in a housing or separate connection of additional components.

Types of fire warning systems

The main task of the warning and evacuation control system (WEC) is to timely notify people about a fire in order to ensure safety and prompt evacuation from smoke-filled rooms and buildings to a safe area. According to Federal Law-123 “ Technical regulations on fire safety requirements" and SP 3.13130.2009, it is divided into five types.

The first and second types of SOUE

Most small and medium-sized facilities, according to fire safety standards, must install the first and second types of warning.

Moreover, the first type is characterized by the mandatory presence sounder– sirens. For the second type, more is added light boards"exit". A fire alarm must be triggered simultaneously in all premises with permanent or temporary occupancy.

The third, fourth and fifth types of SOUE

These types refer to automated systems, the triggering of an alert is completely assigned to automation, and the human role in managing the system is minimized.

For the third, fourth and fifth types of SOUE, the main method of notification is speech. Pre-developed and recorded texts are transmitted that allow evacuation to be carried out as efficiently as possible.

In the 3rd type additionally, illuminated “exit” signs are used and the order of notification is regulated - first service personnel, and then everyone else in a specially designed order.

In the 4th type there is a requirement for communication with the control room inside the warning zone, as well as additional light indicators for the direction of movement. Fifth type, includes everything that is listed in the first four, plus the requirement for separate inclusion of light signs for each evacuation zone is added, full automation of control of the warning system is provided and the organization of multiple evacuation routes from each warning zone is provided.

Fire alarm installations are today a necessary element of security in commercial and production premises, as well as on private properties. The systems are designed to effectively help save lives and protect property from fire and theft.

Modern security and fire alarm systems

The security system is comprehensive solution with two functional elements - security And fire department alarm. This system allows you to detect the source of fire at the initial stage, process and transmit the received information. The system includes:

sensors fire detection,
Remote Control,
communication lines.

The system requires uninterrupted power supply, as well as being equipped with an audible fire alarm to send a fire signal to the control panel and notify people in the building.

These systems are intended for use in offices, administrative institutions, industrial premises, trading floors, as well as in houses and apartments.

Order a solution for your facility

At Store 01 you can buy security and fire alarms in Moscow. We offer you a wide range of high-quality solutions: security and fire detectors, radio channel systems, warning and broadcast devices, as well as explosion-proof equipment, receiving and control devices, power supplies.

Our consultants will assist in selecting a device to best solve your problem. We also offer the service professional installation fire alarm systems at the customer's site.

To ask any clarifying questions about products, find out the price of an automatic security and fire alarm system, or make a profitable order, please contact us by phone.