Temperature conditions in the library according to sanitary standards. Normal temperature in the apartment

Optimal microclimate indicators in the workplace are the key to high productivity and health of personnel. Creation favorable conditions for the performance of duties by employees is undoubtedly beneficial to employers. However, not all managers strive to follow the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards. There are various explanations for this. On the one hand, the temperature regime must be regulated with expensive equipment, on the other hand, the concept of a favorable microclimate is considered by many to be subjective. For example, there are situations when one part of the team feels cold, while the other, on the contrary, complains about excessive high temperature. At the same time, the legislation provides for clear indicators of the microclimate in work premises, optimal for ensuring working conditions. These standards provide for different indicators depending on the category of work space.

Requirements for premises of the first category

To begin with, it is worth noting that the first two categories provide for division into subgroups “a” and “b”. The differences in them are due to the nature of the actions performed. For example, group “a” is objects where work is carried out in a sitting position and is associated with minor loads. Subcategory “a” includes premises in which the intensity of energy consumption is expected to be no more than 139 W. In particular, these could be enterprises in the instrument and automotive industries, sewing and watch production. In this case, the optimal temperature regime is 21-28 °C. The indicators that should be followed in regulating the microclimate in premises of subcategory “b” are slightly different. The intensity of energy consumption in this case can reach 174 W, and the lower limit of the norm temperature regime is 20 °C.

Requirements for premises of the second category

This group is distinguished not only by a higher intensity of energy consumption (232 W), but also by the very nature of performing work actions. Already subgroup “a” assumes that employees move or move small loads (up to 1 kg) in a sitting or standing position. The permissible temperature range for this category is 18-27 °C. If the employee’s work involves moving heavy objects (up to 10 kg), and the intensity of energy consumption reaches 290 W, then we are talking about group “b” and the lower limit will be lowered to 16 °C. As a rule, air temperature conditions in such ranges are established at forging, mechanized, thermal and rolling enterprises. Work may involve maintaining assembly shops, conveyors, and production lines.

Requirements for premises of the third category

If the intensity of energy consumption exceeds the level of 290 W, then the third category should be considered. These are the most demanding premises in terms of establishing microclimate parameters. Employees at such enterprises exert great physical effort, walking and moving loads of more than 10 kg. Favorable temperature conditions relative to the premises of this group vary from 15 to 26 °C. Typically these are workshops and production facilities in which workers perform manual tasks. This could be metal processing, preparation building structures, installation operations, etc.

Seasonality factor

General indicators optimal temperature for different categories production premises may be subject to seasonal adjustments. Typically the deviation is 3-4 °C. When calculating this difference, the average daily temperature is taken into account. For example, in summer it is 10 °C and above, and in winter, on the contrary, 10 °C and below. Of course, in matters of what temperature regime will be optimal for a particular workplace, it is determined by many factors, and following the standards does not always contribute to comfort. Therefore, it is also worthwhile to be guided by the individual characteristics of the employee’s body, taking into account its functionality.

Temperature recording

Fulfilling the requirements for establishing an optimal microclimate in the workplace is impossible without measuring devices. Moreover, traditional thermometers are not suitable for this. At a minimum, we need similar devices designed for use in offices and factories. In addition, it is necessary to follow special approaches to determining values. For example, in the warm season, taking into account the temperature regime involves measuring on days when there is a deviation from the thermometer readings from similar data of the hottest month by less than 5 °C.

The frequency of such measurements depends on several factors, including the stability of work processes and the characteristics of sanitary facilities. When choosing the time and areas for measurements, you should also focus on the stages technological processes, operation of ventilation and heating systems etc. Usually such activities are carried out at least three times per shift.

How is the temperature regulated?

First of all, enterprises must take the necessary measures for thermal insulation, heating and ventilation. Control and compliance with temperature conditions also provide means of air cooling. For this purpose, air conditioners and air shower systems are installed. The presence of such equipment allows you to regulate the volume of air injection, its speed and the overall format of work.

If the installation similar systems is impossible for technical reasons, then the manager must organize comfortable conditions for relaxation in a separate room. In some industries it is mandatory to provide drinking water. Especially in hot weather, employees should consume at least 3 liters of fluid per day.

Alternative ways to comply with regulations

The inability to meet the conditions for ensuring a comfortable microclimate is quite common. One way out of this situation may be the already mentioned break room, but such premises cannot be organized at all enterprises. It is possible to bring the temperature in the workplace to optimal levels by reducing the duration of work shifts. How more hours the person works, the stricter the requirements for the microclimate.

In this way, it is possible to vary the time intervals for shifts, thereby satisfying regulatory requirements. In addition, the practice is to introduce regulated breaks, which allow employees to leave their workplaces for a certain time. If possible, it is worth organizing a differentiated scheme for organizing work processes, in which workers can change places.

What are the consequences of non-compliance with the temperature regime?

Complaints from company employees on this issue are no longer uncommon. But before this, it is necessary to notify the authorities in writing that the requirements of sanitary standards are not met and appropriate measures must be taken. If there is no response to this request and the temperature remains the same, then the employee has the right to demand compensation for the harm caused. In addition, administrative punishment may follow for the manager. Today, fines for non-compliance with microclimate regulation rules are quite high and reach tens of thousands of rubles. Also, as a punishment, a ban on the operation of the enterprise for up to three months may be imposed.

Conclusion

Providing comfortable working conditions is especially important, since the activities of employees of various enterprises are themselves associated with certain stresses. However, you should not think that the situation is easier when it comes to office workers. Physical activity gives some tone to the body, so the temperature regime is not so noticeable. However, sedentary and monotonous work associated with high responsibility involves serious psychological stress. In hot conditions, cardiovascular diseases often develop against this background. Therefore, the issue of ensuring an optimal microclimate involves not only creating comfort, but also directly aims to exclude harmful effects on the health of workers. Also, do not forget about the benefits for the companies and organizations themselves, the effectiveness of which is directly related to the functionality of their employees.

Few people know that significant influence The temperature conditions in the workplace affect the health and performance of employees. For each season, temperature limits are established that every employer must adhere to. Their violation means non-compliance with workers' rights. If you encounter a similar problem, we recommend that you draw your attention to the contents of this article.

What temperature should the room be at work according to the Labor Code?

Each employee, when carrying out his professional activities, must know that labor legislation guarantees the protection of his rights. The relevant legal acts indicate aspects that ensure the safety of life and the health of workers. The temperature in the workplace directly affects the condition of the personnel. In view of this, the Labor Code provides following rules mandatory to comply with when working indoors:

According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the manager is obliged to provide the workers with proper working conditions. In case of violation of legal norms, punishment is provided;
Carrying out sanitary, hygienic and other measures in the premises of the organization is provided for by law;
Each office of the institution must be equipped with mechanisms for heating, ventilation and cooling;
The law determines the temperature that should be in the room at different time of the year. If the temperature regime differs from that established by law, employees have the right to claim a reduction in working time. A deviation from the norm by two degrees reduces the duration of work.

Temperature conditions for office work

Office workers, like other workers, are subject to the principles outlined in labor legislation. This category of employees works in indoors therefore temperature standards have for them important.
The legal temperature for working in an office must be:

In summer - 23-25 degrees. In this case, a deviation from the norm of 2 degrees is allowed. After the temperature in the room has been established at 28 degrees, workers may demand a reduction in working time.
In winter 22-24 degrees. The thermometer is allowed to fluctuate by 3-4 degrees.

If temperature violations occur at the place of duty, the manager is obliged to take appropriate measures. Such methods include:

If it is necessary to cool or heat the room, special equipment must be provided;
If possible, the employer should provide employees with additional breaks during work;
Depending on the time of year, staff should be provided with hot or cold water.

What should the room temperature be at work in winter?

It is difficult to carry out work at low temperatures. In addition, low temperature limit negatively affects the health and productivity of employees. Therefore, the Labor Code has outlined the temperature regime necessary for normal activity. When working indoors in winter time The thermometer reading should be at 22-24 degrees. If the heating mode of the room was violated and the employer did not take the appropriate measures, then he may be punished.

He may be brought to administrative liability, which entails payment of a fine;
Or he will have to pay compensation for moral damages to the injured workers.

Temperature conditions when working outside in winter

Particularly harsh weather conditions in winter make it difficult to carry out work and negatively affect the health of workers. It should be noted that the Labor Code provides for some rules that all managers must follow. The relevant rules are as follows:

When working outside in winter, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation notes the need to provide workers with special breaks for rest and heating. To do this, the employer must equip a premises that will serve for these purposes;
The number of rest periods is determined based on a number of factors. It's about about the temperature outside, the specifics of work, climate. Depending on these conditions, pauses should be repeated every hour or hour and a half;
All data and rules for working at different temperature conditions must be indicated in the internal labor regulations. They must comply with the law;
The worker must have all the necessary equipment to carry out his duties outside in winter;
In addition, the organization must provide staff with medications to restore performance;
If due to low temperature workers cannot continue their professional activities, then non-working time will be paid at a double rate.

Outdoor operating temperature

At any time of the year, workers must have all the conditions that make it easier to carry out work.
To work at low temperatures on outdoors Only adults may be admitted. They must be briefed on safety precautions and a medical examination is also important.
Work outdoors stops at the temperature established by law. Each region of Russia has an excellent temperature regime. In winter, limits are set at -25-30 degrees. In summer 35 degrees.
In specially equipped rooms, the number of degrees should not be lower than 21. Special heating means must be present.
Mandatory breaks in service are included in working hours and must be paid.

Temperature at work and shorter working hours

The law establishes that employees can count on a reduction in work hours if the temperature at the place of work does not meet the standards. There are some rules for reducing working hours:

If the employer does not take action to change the situation, then the staff goes on vacation. In this case, payment for this period is made in double amount;
For any deviation from the norm, the length of the day of service is reduced by an hour. One degree of temperature equals one hour of labor.

An important condition when carrying out work is compliance with all rules for protecting the health of workers. The temperature regime indoors or outdoors is important in service. Legislation ensures that all workers have the opportunity to protect their rights under the law. Therefore, if your employer violates your rights, it is recommended to turn to legal acts.

Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises” (approved by Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 1996 N 21)

See also Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Standards SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03 “Hygienic Requirements for the Air Ionic Composition of Air in Industrial Public Premises”, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on April 18, 2003.

Hygienic requirements to occupational microclimate

Relative humidity;

Air speed;

Intensity of thermal irradiation.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1. Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on the thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, create the prerequisites for a high level of performance and are preferred in the workplace.

5.2. Optimal values of microclimate indicators must be observed at workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work associated with nervous and emotional stress is performed (in cabins, at consoles and control stations for technological processes, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other workplaces and types of work in which optimal microclimate values must be ensured is determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed upon with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities in the prescribed manner.

See Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking industries and during forestry work POT RM 001 - 97, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 21, 1997 N 15

5.3. The optimal microclimate parameters at workplaces must correspond to the values given in

5.4. Changes in air temperature in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values at workplaces, should not exceed 2°C and go beyond the values specified in Table 1 for certain categories of work.

Table 1

6. Acceptable microclimate conditions

6.1. Acceptable microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria for the permissible thermal and functional state of a person for the period of an 8-hour working period. They do not cause damage or health problems, but can lead to general and local sensations of thermal discomfort, tension in the thermoregulatory mechanisms, deterioration of well-being and decreased performance.

6.2. Acceptable values of microclimate indicators are established in cases where, due to technological requirements, technical and economically justified reasons, optimal values cannot be ensured.

6.3. Acceptable values of microclimate indicators at workplaces must correspond to the values given in in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

6.4. When ensuring acceptable microclimate values at workplaces:

The difference in air temperature in height should be no more than 3° C;

The horizontal air temperature difference, as well as its changes during the shift, should not exceed: at - 4° C; at - 5° C; at - 6° C.

In this case, the absolute values of the air temperature should not go beyond the values specified in for certain categories of work.

6.5. When the air temperature in the workplace is 25° C and above, the maximum permissible values of relative air humidity should not exceed the limits:

70% - at an air temperature of 25°C;

65% - at an air temperature of 26°C;

60% - at an air temperature of 27°C;

55% - at an air temperature of 28°C.

6.6. At an air temperature of 26-28°C, the air speed indicated in Table 2 for the warm period of the year must correspond to the range:

0.1-0.2 m/s - for work category Ia;

0.1-0.3 m/s - for work category Ib;

0.2-0.4 m/s - for work category IIa;

table 2

Acceptable values of microclimate indicators at workplaces of industrial premises

6.7. Permissible values of the intensity of thermal radiation of workers in the workplace from production sources heated to a dark glow (materials, products, etc.) must correspond to the values given in Table 3.

Table 3

6.8. The permissible values of the intensity of thermal radiation working from radiation sources heated to a white and red glow (hot or molten metal, glass, flame, etc.) should not exceed 140 W/sq.m. In this case, more than 25% of the body surface should not be exposed to irradiation and the use of personal protection, including face and eye protection.

6.9. In the presence of thermal radiation of workers, the air temperature in the workplace should not exceed the following values, depending on the category of work:

25° C - for work category Ia;

24° C - for work category Ib;

22° C - for work category IIa;

21° C - for work category IIb;

20° C - for work category III.

6.10. In industrial premises in which permissible standard values for microclimate indicators cannot be established due to technological requirements for the production process or economically justified inexpediency, microclimate conditions should be considered harmful and dangerous. In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate, protective measures should be used (for example, local air conditioning systems, air showers, compensation for the adverse effects of one microclimate parameter by changing another, special clothing and other personal protective equipment, rooms for rest and heating, regulation of work hours, in particular , breaks in work, reduction of working hours, increase in vacation duration, decrease in length of service, etc.).

6.11. To assess the combined impact of microclimate parameters in order to implement measures to protect workers from possible overheating, it is recommended to use the integral indicator of the thermal load of the environment ( ), the values of which are given in applications 2.

6.12. To regulate work time within a work shift in microclimate conditions with air temperatures at workplaces higher or lower than permissible values, it is recommended to follow And applications 3.

7. Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring microclimate

7.1. Measurements of microclimate indicators in order to monitor their compliance with hygienic requirements should be carried out in cold period of the year - on days with outside air temperature differing from the average temperature of the coldest month of winter by no more than 5 ° C, during the warm period of the year - on days with outside air temperature differing from the average maximum temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 ° C. The frequency of measurements in both periods of the year is determined by the stability of the production process, the functioning of technological and sanitary equipment.

7.2. When choosing areas and measurement times, it is necessary to take into account all factors affecting the microclimate of workplaces (phases of the technological process, functioning of ventilation and heating systems, etc.). Measurements of microclimate indicators should be carried out at least 3 times per shift (at the beginning, middle and end). In case of fluctuations in microclimate parameters associated with technological and other reasons, it is necessary to carry out additional measurements at the highest and lowest values of thermal loads on workers.

7.3. Measurements should be carried out at workplaces. If the workplace consists of several sections of the production premises, then measurements are carried out at each of them.

7.4. If there are sources of local heat generation, cooling or moisture release (heated units, windows, doorways, gates, open baths, etc.) measurements should be carried out at each workplace at points minimally and maximally distant from sources of thermal influence.

7.5. In rooms with a high density of workplaces, in the absence of sources of local heat generation, cooling or moisture release, areas for measuring temperature, relative humidity and air velocity should be distributed evenly over the area of the room in accordance with Table 4.

Minimum number of areas for measuring temperature, relative humidity and air speed

7.6. When working while sitting, the temperature and speed of air movement should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.0 m, relative humidity - at a height of 1.0 m from the floor or working platform. When working while standing, the temperature and speed of air movement should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.5 m, and the relative humidity of the air - at a height of 1.5 m.

7.7. In the presence of radiant heat sources, thermal exposure in the workplace must be measured from each source, placing the instrument receiver perpendicular to the incident flux. Measurements should be taken at a height of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m from the floor or working platform.

7.8. The temperature of surfaces should be measured in cases where workplaces are no more than two meters away from them. The temperature of each surface is measured similarly to measuring air temperature according to clause 7.6.

7.9. Temperature and relative humidity in the presence of sources of thermal radiation and air flow at the workplace should be measured using aspiration psychrometers. In the absence of radiant heat and air flows in the measurement areas, the temperature and relative humidity of the air can be measured with psychrometers that are not protected from the effects of thermal radiation and air velocity. Instruments that allow you to separately measure temperature and air humidity can also be used.

7.10. The speed of air movement should be measured with rotational anemometers (vane, cup, etc.). Small values of air velocity (less than 0.5 m/s), especially in the presence of multidirectional flows, can be measured with thermoelectric anemometers, as well as cylindrical and ball catathermometers, if they are protected from thermal radiation.

7.11. The temperature of surfaces should be measured with contact instruments (such as electric thermometers) or remote ones (pyrometers, etc.).

7.12. The intensity of thermal radiation should be measured with instruments that provide a sensor viewing angle close to a hemisphere (at least 160°) and are sensitive in infrared and visible area spectrum (actinometers, radiometers, etc.).

7.13. The measuring range and permissible error of measuring instruments must comply with the requirements

7.14. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol, which should reflect general information about the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data.

7.15. At the conclusion of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements.

Table 5

Annex 1

(informative)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

2. K category Ia include work with an energy intensity of up to 120 kcal/h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by minor physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and mechanical engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in the field of management, etc.).

3. K category Ib include work with an energy intensity of 121-150 kcal/h (140-174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types of production and etc.).

4. K category II include work with an energy intensity of 151-200 kcal/h (175-232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving production, etc.).

5. K category IIb include work with an energy intensity of 201-250 kcal/h (233-290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. K category III include work with an energy intensity of more than 250 kcal/h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forge shops with manual forging, foundries with manual stuffing and filling of flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Appendix 2

Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (THI index)

1. Index (THC index) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air speed and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2. The THC index is determined based on the temperature of the wet bulb of an aspiration psychrometer (tvl.) and the temperature inside the blackened ball (tsh).

3. The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured by a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; tsh reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air speed. The blackened ball must have a diameter of 90 mm, the minimum possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. The accuracy of measuring the temperature inside the ball is +-0.5° C.

4. TNS index is calculated using the equation:

THC = 0.7 x tvl. + 0.3 x tsh.

thermal load of the environment at workplaces where the speed of movement

air do not exceed 0.6 m/s, and the intensity of thermal radiation -

1. In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total for work shift) must be limited to the values specified in And of this application. At the same time, the average air temperature at which workers are located during a work shift at workplaces and rest areas should not exceed the permissible air temperature limits for the relevant categories of work specified in Table 2 of these Sanitary Rules.

Table 1

Other indicators of the microclimate (relative air humidity, air speed, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the permissible values of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1. Guide R 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and environment(under approval).

2. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.01.01. "Building climatology and geophysics."

3. Methodological recommendations “Assessment of a person’s thermal state in order to substantiate hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating” N 5168-90 dated 03/05/90. In: Hygienic principles for preventing the adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V.43, M. 1991, pp.192-211.

4. Guide R 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M, 1994, 42 p.

5. GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area."

6. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.04.95-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

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*(1) The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceilings, floors), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or devices enclosing it, is taken into account.

*(2) At air temperatures of 25° C and above, the maximum values of relative air humidity must be taken in accordance with the requirements

*(3) At air temperatures of 26-28° C, the speed of air movement in the warm period of the year should be taken in accordance with the requirements

Do you want your staff to always work efficiently? Agree that it is difficult to think about business when a person is experiencing discomfort. And for this it is necessary to comply with at least the temperature standards in the workplace. It should be comfortable. From this article, you will learn what standards are established by SanPiN in 2019 and what the final temperature in the office should be in winter and summer, as well as what the employer faces when violating these requirements.

Why is SanPiN needed?

It follows from Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation that employers are obliged to create not only safe conditions at workplaces in the office or in production, but also to maintain a comfortable atmosphere - temperature, humidity level, etc. Relevant standards are established to ensure that work for 8 hours a day (40 hours a week) does not cause harm to health. In addition, comfortable conditions have a positive effect on the performance of staff.

When introducing temperature standards in a workroom, officials must pay attention to humidity, air speed, surface temperature, etc. In addition, indicators may differ due to varying degrees of load and types of work. For example, foundries have their own temperature that is considered comfortable, which cannot be said about ordinary office premises.

Temperature conditions of the working room

The less physical activity a person does, the warmer the room should be. Office workers spend most of their time at the computer, and most of the time they move from office to office. Therefore, the favorable temperature should be set taking these factors into account.

According to SanPiN 2019 standards, the temperature in the office workplace during the warm season should be 23-25 degrees Celsius with a relative air humidity of 60-40%. At the same time, the surface temperature is from 22 to 26C, and the air movement speed is up to 0.1 m/s.

In the cold season, the temperature in the office should be from 22 to 24C (humidity and air speed are similar). The optimal surface temperature is 21-25C.

When making a decision, be guided by SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “ Hygienic requirements to the microclimate of production premises" (clauses 5, 6, 7 and Appendix 1).

Employers need to know exactly what temperature should be in the workroom, since failure to comply with the standards may result in prosecution.

Consequences for violating SanPiN standards

When operating conditions deviate from temperature norms, the duration working day should be reduced. For example, office workers can work indoors at +13C for no more than 1 – 4 hours (with normal sedentary work).

Violation of the temperature regime is classified under Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 Code of Administrative Offences. A warning or fine may be imposed in the amount of:

2000-5000 rub. – for individual entrepreneurs;
50,000-80,000 – for legal entities;
2000 – 5000 rub. - for officials.

It is also possible to forcefully terminate activities for up to 3 months.

They can also be held accountable under Art. 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, which provides for a warning or an administrative fine from 100 to 20,000 rubles. depending on the status of the culprit (individual, executive, individual entrepreneur, legal entity). But usually inspectors are guided by more stringent sanctions, that is, Part 1 of Art. 5.27.1 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Remember that it is the employer’s responsibility to create and maintain a temperature in the workplace in accordance with SanPiN standards. For this purpose, air conditioners, heaters, etc. are used. Observing established rules, you can avoid many conflicts, as well as downtime associated with employee illnesses.

A person spends the majority of the day at work over a long period of his life, so the requirements regulating the hygienic indicators of the microclimate of the premises where people work are natural. It is especially important to comply with them in the office, where workers are mainly engaged in mental work, which is characterized by relative physical inactivity, which means negative consequences wrong mode are even more aggravated.

Let's study the legal requirements for temperature conditions in office premises, as well as the employer’s liability for their violation.

The importance of office climate

Temperature conditions greatly influence the well-being and performance of people. Increased or low temperature air, which has a long-term effect on the employee, not only has negative impact on health, but also sharply reduces labor productivity. Office employees perform a wide variety of activities, most of which involve spending a long time in the same position, usually sitting and sedentary:

work at a computer;
draw up paperwork;
communicate with clients;
make decisions, etc.

Mental work and physical inactivity do not go well with an uncomfortable room temperature. Researchers have experimentally found that deviations even within one degree have such a strong impact on the efficiency of office work that it makes sense to even shorten the working day if it is impossible to provide the proper microclimate.

IMPORTANT! Ensuring proper temperature conditions in the office is a legal obligation of the employer, regardless of the form of ownership and level of subordination of the organization.

Comfort or optimum

Any employee working in an office wants his work to be carried out in comfortable conditions. But the concept of comfort is too subjective, because it is tied to the individual feelings of each individual person, and they are different for everyone. What is acceptable to one may be unpleasant to another. It is for this reason that the concept of “comfortable conditions” is not used in official documentation and regulations.

Instead of the subjective term “comfort” in professional vocabulary, a more precise and specific parameter"optimal conditions". As for the optimal air temperature, this is a value determined through complex physiological studies and calculations, taking into account average human needs.

NOTE! Requirements for optimal temperature conditions are within the scope of legislation, which is recorded in the relevant regulatory documents.

SanPiN protects the health of employees

Sanitary standards Russian Federation collected in a special code that defines optimal hygienic and health standards for various areas of human activity, including employment. This is documentation related to the medical and technical fields, and at the same time legislative, and therefore mandatory.

The abbreviation “SanPiN” stands for Sanitary Rules and Norms”, it is somewhat consonant with SNIPs - building codes and rules, but they should not be confused; these are documents from different work areas.

REFERENCE! The document regulating optimal conditions in the workplace is called SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises.” It provides labor protection regulations for office employees (in the text of the law they are classified as category A for labor costs) and production workers. These rules and regulations were adopted within the framework of Federal Law No. 52 “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” of March 30, 1999.

The obligation for employers to comply with SanPiN requirements is supported by Art. 209 and art. 212 Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which speak of responsibility for employers’ strict compliance with labor protection rules and timely measures of sanitary, household, hygienic, treatment and prophylactic, rehabilitation and other nature. Art. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes a set of measures for employers to ensure an optimal working microclimate.

Seasonal requirements for office temperature

In cold and warm seasons, ensuring optimal temperature is achieved in different ways. Accordingly, the requirements for the microclimate will differ, as well as the measures provided for by SanPiN in the event of the impossibility of ensuring the temperature regime or its serious violations.

So that it doesn't get too hot

Long term exposure elevated temperature especially detrimental to the performance and health of workers. In a closed work space, it can be aggravated by large crowds of people, the presence of working office equipment, and compliance with a special dress code.

In this regard, it is legally established optimal values temperatures and permissible maximum during the hot period of the year. For office workers they are 23-25°C with a relative humidity of 40-60%. Temperature increases up to 28°C are allowed.

Exceeding summer temperatures in the office

If the thermometer inside the office deviates from the optimum by more than 2°C, it becomes much more difficult to work. The employer will have to supply air conditioning for employees and ensure its normal operation and timely maintenance.

If for some reason this is not done, the employee should not meekly endure the sweltering heat, while also trying to meet professional requirements. Sanitary standards allow workers to rightfully shorten the standard eight-hour working day, for which the temperature requirements are designed:

29°C allows you to work 6 hours instead of 8;
30°C allows for a two-hour contraction;
each subsequent degree exceeding the norm reduces the working time requirements by another 1 hour;
if the thermometer reaches 32.5°C, you don’t have to stay at work for more than 1 hour.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION! Many employees note the negative impact of air conditioning, comparable in harm to heat and stuffiness. The same requirements of SanPiN, along with temperature and humidity, limit the speed of air movement in the room, which should not go beyond the range of 0.1-0.3 m/s. It follows that the employee should not be under the blowing air conditioner.

Cold is the enemy of work

In a room that is too cold, no work is possible, especially office work, when the body cannot warm itself with movement. If for some categories of production workers a drop in ambient temperature to 15°C is acceptable, and even then short-term, for white-collar workers this is unacceptable.

During the cold period of the year, a comfortable temperature value should be maintained indoors - 22-24°C. Fluctuations in the norm of up to 1-2°C are acceptable, and for a short time during the working day the thermometer column can “jump” by 3-4°C.

What to do if it's cold in the office

Personnel must spend the full 8 hours at work unless the temperature drops below 20°C. Each subsequent step towards cold legitimately reduces the length of stay in an insufficiently heated room:

19°C makes it possible to work a seven-hour day;
18°C – 6 hours of work, and then in descending order;
13°C allows you to stay in the office for no more than an hour.

Features of temperature measurements

Since the duration of operation depends on the temperature component, fluctuations of just 1 ° C have such a strong impact on the efficiency of operation, it is necessary to maintain the accuracy of measurements.

If employers or employees are dishonest, there may be a temptation to overestimate or underestimate the true values temperature indicators. Errors are also possible with inaccurate instruments and their incorrect placement.

To avoid complications with determining air temperature, legislation requires placing the thermometer at a distance of exactly 1 meter from the floor.

Employer's liability for failure to comply with office microclimate requirements

If management does not want to fulfill its responsibilities to provide personnel optimal conditions for work, for example, does not install the necessary air conditioning in hot weather or a heater in the cold season, employees should not tolerate his arbitrariness for fear of dismissal. After contacting the sanitary and epidemiological service, the organization will be subject to an inspection, and if the claims are confirmed, administrative liability cannot be avoided.

In addition to the inevitable requirements to eliminate violations, a negligent employer will be issued a serious fine in the amount of 10-12 thousand rubles. And if he does not correct himself in time, then his activities may be stopped for 3 months (Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).