Having a car or planning to buy one, you need to take care of the garage. If there is a desire to make this room individual and convenient for a specific owner, then it is better not to buy, but to build it yourself. Foam blocks are the simplest and convenient option in order to quickly and efficiently erect walls and build a garage on your own.

Peculiarities

When any owner gets a car, the first thing they think about is where to park it. Leaving a car outdoors is undesirable and also risky. Weather events will significantly damage the appearance of the machine and reduce its service life; in addition, the risk of theft or other injuries at the hands of vandals increases. To avoid all this, you need to buy or build a garage.

The purchase simplifies the task for the car owner, since apart from finance, it does not require any other significant investments. But to get a garage that will meet all the requirements of a particular person, the easiest way is to build it. To make this process go quickly enough, you can build it from foam blocks, which are several times larger than bricks, so the work proceeds at a much faster pace.

For such a garage you cannot do without a foundation, which is poured taking into account the soil, on which the building will be located. It is necessary to initially calculate the dimensions of the garage in order to properly pour the foundation. The garage itself can be built-in, that is, it can be part of the building, attached when it is added to an already finished building. More convenient separately standing house for a car that is being built in the available free space.

The location relative to the ground can also be different - the garage is located on its surface, it can be half buried in the ground if the soil is dry and strong, or completely placed under the ground if there is very little space for a garage and several objects need to be placed in one area.

In order for the garage to fit a car and have space to store various things, it is recommended that the width of the building be at least four meters and the length at least six. If the soil is strong and dry, then it is easy to build an inspection hole, but for soil with groundwater nearby it is better not to do such a construction.

Foam blocks are quite light for their size and very durable, so working with them is convenient and pleasant. Such elements are connected using a special glue, which fixes the blocks well, preventing cold or heat from entering, creating optimal conditions for storing the car. The length of the foam block is 60 centimeters, the width and height are 30 and 20 centimeters, respectively. It is important to note the good external characteristics of the material, which practically does not require external finishing and can be suitable without it at all.

Projects

Once the decision has been made to build a garage, the first thing you need to think about is creating a project. You can do this type of work yourself or use the services of a specialist. Depending on the availability of the territory, you can plan the size of the future building and adjacent buildings, if they are needed.

If a family has two drivers and two cars, then a corresponding garage is built. A building for 2 cars should be spacious so that cars can fit freely under one roof and there is space for storing equipment, tires and other small items. When there is catastrophically not enough space for one car, you can do two-story garage, where a car will be located on the first floor, and a full-fledged workshop will be located on the second. With the second floor, it becomes possible to equip not only a work area, but also a place for a hobby, for some it is music, for others collecting, and so on.

The most successful garage sizes are 6 by 4., where it is possible to place the car, and supplement the building with various household items and equip it with a work area. If you want to make not only a comfortable garage, but also a beautiful one, it can be equipped with an attic, where you can carry out some of the work or have the opportunity to rest after repair work. For those who like to take a steam bath, an appropriate extension can be arranged. The bathhouse can be part of the garage, but in this case it is important to isolate both rooms as much as possible so that water and moisture from one do not enter the second.

Having planned an inspection hole, it is important that its depth is maintained within the established standards and is no more than two meters. When planning the construction of a garage, it is necessary to calculate the amount of materials that will be needed for the work. If the length of the building is six meters, then 10 foam blocks will be required for one row. The number of them in height is also calculated.

Once the issue with the walls is resolved, you can move on to the roof. It can be single-pitched, built with a slope in one direction, or have the standard appearance of a residential building roof, but raised low from the garage ceiling. It is worth paying attention to the material with which it will be covered. For this you can use slate, tiles, metal tiles or corrugated sheets. Each of the above options has its own advantages and disadvantages, but the first thing you should pay attention to is the presence of any materials with which you can perform a number of works.

Materials

In order to build a good and quality garage, you need to decide on the material from which it is best built. Foam blocks have several varieties, so it is important to know the difference between them in order to make the right choice.

There are blocks of:

• Aerated concrete– made from quartz sand, cement, pore-forming substance (aluminum powder or powder), chemical additives. The dry mixture must be diluted with water, after which chemical reactions occur and the solution is ready for final processing in an autoclave or drying chamber. The aerated block has its advantages - it has the correct boundaries and flat surface, it is easy to work with, drill, grind, its high vapor permeability helps to quickly remove vapors from the room and maintain an optimal microclimate inside.

• Foam block slab consists of sand, water, cement and a special foaming agent. Distinctive feature are closed pores that are filled with gas, which helps with water resistance and thermal conductivity.

• Expanded clay concrete blocks belong to lightweight materials. To create them, cement, sand and expanded clay are mixed, resulting in spherical granules. Among the main properties of expanded clay blocks, one can note low vapor permeability, low price, greater mass than in previous versions, higher thermal conductivity, and uneven surface of the material. To build from this material you will need both internal and external finishing blocks.

• cinder block are obtained from granite screenings and crushed stone, sand or river gravel, in addition, other materials that are no longer suitable for use, such as broken brick, glass or concrete products. There is a certain dependence that regulates the density of this material, and it depends on the size of the cinder block particles, which affects both its strength and strength.

• Gas silicate blocks superior to all others in terms of strength and external characteristics. To make gas silicate blocks, you need to use quartz sand, lime and cement. The foaming procedure is carried out using chemicals. They are frost-resistant, fire-resistant, strong and come in a wide variety of shapes.

In order to make a reliable foundation, a good craftsman cannot do without the use of FBS, on which sand blocks will be placed.

The use of aerated concrete structures allows you to quickly and efficiently build a reliable structure. The use of concrete blocks saves time due to their significant dimensions compared to conventional bricks.

Choosing a foundation

When planning to build a garage, the first thing you need to do is take care of the foundation. Its choice will be made depending on the soil on which it will be built. If the soil is dense and groundwater flows below two meters, then for the foundation it will be enough to make a frame with a depth of forty centimeters for a one-story building and seventy centimeters for a two-story place for a car and a workshop. In this case, it is possible to make an inspection hole, since the soil allows it.

If the soil is heaving, then it is best to completely fill the platform on which the garage will be built, and then begin construction. An inspection hole is impossible under these conditions. If you want to make a basement on unstable ground, you need to dig a deep hole and make a strip or pile foundation.

Once the type of foundation has been determined, you need to mark its location. Pegs or corners are dug into the corners and a rope is pulled. When this type of work is completed, it is necessary to check the evenness of the corners, and if everything is normal, you can dig a trench; if not, the stakes are rearranged until the corners are even.

The trench is dug eighty centimeters or a meter deep. The width of the foundation should be ten or fifteen centimeters larger than the garage. Sand is poured into the bottom of the trench in a layer of 15 centimeters and compacted. Next comes a 10-centimeter layer of crushed stone, which is also compacted. Next, you need to make formwork from boards, into which a frame of reinforcement is placed, welded according to the measurements of the finished trenches.

The frame is made so that the cells have a height and width of ten centimeters. After this, concrete is prepared from cement and sand in a ratio of 1 to 3. In addition, 4 or 5 parts are filled with gravel or crushed stone, and water is also used. Each opening is filled in turn until partially dry within three or five days. Once all sides have been poured, the entire foundation is leveled and left to dry for three to five weeks.

When the foundation is ready, they move on to strengthening the basement or inspection hole, if one is planned for construction. Only after complete completion of all this work can you begin to build walls from foam blocks, moving towards the desired goal.

How to calculate the quantity?

Building a garage requires a certain amount of materials, which can be approximately calculated in order to have an idea of ​​how much you will need to buy and how much it will cost. To calculate the number of foam blocks, you first need to think about the appearance of the garage, whether there will be windows in it and how many, what size the gate will be.

Once all the data has been received, you can calculate the number of blocks for each wall. Since the dimensions of this material are standard, this will not be difficult to do. The next step is to find the material whose cost will be optimal. This applies to concrete, sand, and all other materials. Every owner is interested in building a high-quality building at a minimum cost.

In order to calculate the number of cubes of concrete that will be needed to pour a particular type of foundation, there are special calculators. By entering the parameters of the future foundation, you can easily calculate the amount of materials needed for its construction.

Knowing required amount of this or that material, you can purchase it and carry out the work. The process of building a garage is quite lengthy, so you can safely divide it into stages and use finances in accordance with them. This planning will allow you to purchase what you need, but at the same time be able to raise funds for other materials that will be needed in the next stage. Thus, in the absence of money for the entire garage at once, having correctly calculated the amount of concrete, sand, crushed stone or foam blocks themselves, you can gradually continue working.

For big ones construction companies Entire programs have been developed to calculate the costs for each section of work. This helps to create an estimate, order the first necessary materials and begin the construction process. To an ordinary person It is not necessary to use any programs, especially since they are paid and cost a lot, it is only important to break the construction into stages and systematically buy what is needed at a specific stage.

Construction

In order to build a garage with your own hands, you need to know the order of the work. Phased planning and construction of the structure in accordance with the rules and regulations will allow achieving good result as soon as possible.

The step-by-step instructions are a list of actions that will help systematize the work and make it relatively easy and at the same time high-quality. So, construction begins with the site being marked with pegs, thereby determining the future foundation. It is necessary to inspect the area for obstacles that may interfere with free entry and exit from the garage.

The next step will be to determine the type of soil and select the foundation. For heaving areas, the entire floor must be filled in completely; building a basement and inspection hole will be impossible. For dense soil with deep groundwater, you can do strip foundation, where both a basement and an inspection hole are appropriate. They are also laid at this stage.

Next, swing gates are installed on spacer pins; they serve as a guide and will be an element that cannot be adjusted after the walls are built, so they need to be installed level and their functionality checked.

When this stage is completed, you need to move on to waterproofing under the base of the walls, which is made from rolled materials. Only after this stage does the construction of the walls begin. It is correct to start raising walls from a corner. The first row is placed on cement-sand mortar. Next, a special adhesive solution is used, the blocks are shifted by one third of their length.

Once the height of the walls has reached the end of the gate, you need to install a concrete lintel beam directly above the opening. If the roof is planned to be pitched, then it is best to lower it on the side farthest from the gate. If a hood is not installed in the garage, then small holes need to be made at the bottom and top of the wall so that air can circulate in the room.

The construction of walls ends with the creation of a solid reinforced belt, on which the beams for the ceiling will be laid. They must be laid out at intervals of 80 centimeters, and the ends of the beams must be extended twenty centimeters beyond the wall. Tongue and groove boards are laid on the lower edges of the beams, which will form the ceiling. It is on this surface that the waterproofing will be laid.

It is best to use corrugated sheeting for the roof because of its lightness and strength. You can cover the beams with slate, if available. The work is carried out from the back wall to the gate and ends with the formation of the visor. When all the work is completed, the process of insulation with expanded clay, slag or glass wool and screeding of the walls begins.

Construction of a garage from foam blocks with your own hands

Choosing material for building a garage is a responsible task. It is important to ensure reliable vehicle protection, structural stability and long service life. Along with aerated concrete blocks, brick and wood, foam concrete is widely used, allowing you to quickly and inexpensively build a garage from foam blocks with your own hands. Let's consider the features of the technology, the specifics of design and the algorithm for determining the need for material.

How to build a garage from foam blocks with your own hands

Foam blocks are used for this purpose due to the following advantages:

• low price level. The low cost estimate for construction allows developers with limited financial resources to carry out construction using foam concrete blocks;

The construction of a garage cannot be approached according to the residual principle: “made from what was there”

• insignificant mass of blocks with increased dimensions. The low weight of the products allows you to reduce the load on the base and use a strip foundation for the construction of a two-story garage with an attic;
• increased strength characteristics. An increased safety margin allows for the stability of buildings, including larger sizes (6 by 6) designed for 2 cars;
• reduced thermal conductivity. When using foam concrete to build a garage, there will be no problems maintaining a comfortable temperature, since the blocks retain heat well;
• ease of masonry. It’s not difficult to build a garage yourself or attach a car storage room to an existing building, given that when we build, we don’t need special lifting equipment.

Attention! Giving preference to foam concrete for construction garage building, do not forget that the structure of the material and the thickness of the walls do not allow the blocks to “breathe”. To remove the condensate that forms and reduce the humidity level, it is necessary to install supply and exhaust ventilation equipped with an electric fan.

Having studied the characteristics of foam blocks, it is necessary to correctly carry out a set of preparatory work:

• carry out engineering and geodetic surveys to determine the level of groundwater, freezing depth and soil characteristics;

IN last years building a garage from foam blocks has become extremely popular among car owners

• decide which design option to choose - two-story with an attic, for 2 cars measuring 7 by 6 or for one car with an increased size (6x4);
• develop a project that takes into account the structural features, connection of electrical energy and water supply systems;
• determine the best way to lay foam blocks, calculate the need for building materials, and become familiar with construction technology in detail;
• calculate the volume of the estimate for the construction of the building, taking into account design features garage and transportation costs for delivering building materials to a garage cooperative or to a dacha.

Important! The official document allowing the construction of a building to begin is a building permit, which must be issued in advance.

Let us consider in detail the technology for constructing a garage structure from foam blocks with our own hands. It is important to figure out how to fold the walls to ensure their stability. Carry out construction activities following the sequence of operations:

• Mark the building area using twine and wooden pegs. Check for the presence of right angles by taking measurements of the diagonals, the difference in size should not exceed 1 cm. Be guided by the dimensions indicated in the project. Pay special attention to the absence of obstacles that would impede the free opening of the gates of the future building.

Building a garage from foam blocks with your own hands begins with laying the foundation

• Prepare the foundation of the garage, depending on the soil characteristics. It can be used as the foundation of a building located on heaving soil. slab foundation, buried below the freezing level. In this case, the arrangement of an inspection hole or basement. On dense soil, the stability of the building will be ensured by a strip foundation.
• Waterproof the base of the structure. Walls are protected from moisture using roofing felt, which is laid on the surface of the foundation. Reliable fastening of the waterproofing layer is ensured by lubricating the surface of the base and roofing material bitumen mastic.
• Install exit gates, the reliable fixation of which will be ensured during the construction of walls. Attach embedded elements around the perimeter of the gate frame, which will ensure the immobility of the structure in the foam block masonry. Cover the gate with primer to protect the metal from corrosion.
• Build walls. Start laying from the corners of the building, ensuring that the foam blocks are displaced by 30-50% of the length. Coat the joints thoroughly special glue or cement mortar. Control the horizontalness of the masonry using building level. Reinforce the masonry with reinforcement every three rows. Provide openings for laying ventilation lines.
• Build an armored belt around the perimeter of the walls, designed to distribute forces evenly. The reinforcement contour is filled with concrete mortar in installed formwork 30 cm high, which houses a frame made of steel reinforcement.
• Build an inspection hole, concrete the floor, and fill the inclined blind area along the outer perimeter of the building with concrete. Please note the need to construct a drainage system for nearby groundwater. Fill the floor with concrete grade M150.

Beginners most often use ordinary cement-sand mortar for masonry.

Attention! At the stage of purchasing the material, pay attention to the absence of cracks, chips and the flatness of the surface of the products. Minimum thickness joints are achieved using a special glue that reduces heat loss by reducing the thickness of the “cold bridges”.

Having completed the construction of the garage box, proceed to the final stage of construction activities - arranging the truss structure and installing the roof.

Construction of the garage roof is the final stage of work

Possible various options garage roof structures:

• pitched roof. Is the most common option. This is done by concreting cross beams or installing reinforced concrete slab followed by covering the surface with waterproofing material;
• double-slope tent-type structure. Formed by laying wooden beams ceilings to which it is fixed truss structure. The trusses installed along the cord are fastened with lathing and covered with metal tiles or ordinary slate;

Having laid wooden floor beams on the walls, the rafter legs of the attic structure are attached to them

• attic roof. It allows rational use of the available space and is widely used in garage cooperatives, where the standard room area is clearly not enough. Additionally insulates the room, which can be used year-round.

Let's consider the construction technology of a common pitched roof:

1. Cut I-beams whose length exceeds the width of the building by 40–50 cm.
2. Install and secure steel I-beams across the garage walls at 0.8 m intervals.
3. Fix boards 4 cm thick inside the garage at the bottom of the beams.
4. Place rolled roofing felt on top of the boards, bent along the edges of the future ceiling by 10–15 cm.
5. Sprinkle expanded clay or other insulating material onto the roofing material.
6. Concrete a concrete mortar screed on top of the insulation, ensuring a thickness of 4–6 cm.
7. After the concrete has hardened, treat the surface with bitumen mastic and thoroughly waterproof it with roofing felt.

Attention! Ensure that the beam structure extends evenly beyond the contour of the garage walls by 20–25 cm. This will ensure the walls are protected from negative impact precipitation.

Development of a garage project made of foam blocks

Construction activities are based on the design results. The project provides full information about the design of the building and the type of foundation used, taking into account the characteristics of the soil and groundwater level.

In preparation for construction, the purpose of the building is determined: a garage for one or two cars, with or without a specially equipped place for things

results Vote

Where would you prefer to live: in a private house or apartment?

Back

Where would you prefer to live: in a private house or apartment?

Back

Available different approach to the design stage:

• individual development of a project using special software or by developing a basic drawing or sketch. Allows you to get the job done without financial investment;
• attracting design organizations that will develop detailed documentation and take into account all the nuances. The work is performed under a contract and requires financing;
• the use of a standard design that can be easily adapted to individual requirements for the construction of a garage space.

A standard project contains the following information:

• features of the appearance of the building;
• type of facade decoration;
• dimensions and number of floors of the building;
• internal layout;
• materials used for construction.

Regardless of whether a two-story building for 1 car is being built or a large garage for 2 cars is being built, it is important to pay attention to the following points:

• the presence of an inspection hole that allows servicing the vehicle;

In the case of self-construction of the building, a drawing diagram indicating the elements and dimensions will also be suitable.

• arrangement of the basement to ensure the safety of the crop and conservation;
• the need to install shelving, workbenches, and create additional work areas.

Attention! Garage of 18 square meters with internal height up to 3 m, provides the possibility of spacious placement passenger car and allows you to install workbenches for minor repair work.

How many foam blocks are needed for a garage - calculation algorithm

Using a calculator, it is easy to calculate the number of foam blocks required for the construction of a garage. For its construction, standard blocks with dimensions of 60x30x20 cm are used. Depending on the position of the block during laying, a wall thickness of 20 or 30 cm can be achieved. The calculation algorithm is quite simple:

1. The number of blocks in square meter masonry
2. The resulting value is multiplied by the surface area of ​​the walls, excluding openings.

The result obtained is the total need for foam blocks.

Attention! Specialized sites on construction topics allow you to calculate online, using a built-in calculator, how many foam blocks are needed for construction.

The number of foam blocks for construction, respectively, is equal to: number of blocks in 1 row x number of rows = 37 x 10 = 370 blocks

How to make a foundation for a garage from foam blocks with your own hands

Developers are interested in what kind of foundation is needed for a garage made of lightweight foam blocks. Depending on the soil characteristics, two options are possible:

• tape A light foundation with a depth of 50–70 cm and a width of 30–40 cm is made on stable soils that are not prone to frost heaving, with a groundwater level deeper than 2.5 m;
• slab. A solid foundation slab, reinforced with steel rods, ensures the stability of the garage space, moving together with the building on heaving soil.

Important! By giving preference to a monolithic slab, you exclude the possibility of constructing a basement and inspection pit. For their arrangement would be better suited tape base or combined option strip foundation with pile supports.

Let's look at how to fill a strip foundation:

1. Dig a trench with the designed dimensions.
2. Fill the bottom of the trench with gravel and sand and compact it.
3. Install panel formwork.
4. Assemble and install a reinforcement cage inside the pit.
5. Concrete the foundation and thoroughly compact it with an internal vibrator.

Attention! The walls can be laid after 4 weeks, when the final hardening of the concrete is completed.

Building a garage space from foam blocks with your own hands will significantly reduce costs. The experience gained from building a garage yourself will always come in handy. It is quite possible that he will bring his dream of building his own home closer.

On the site: Author and editor of articles on the website website
Education and work experience: Higher technical education. 12 years of experience in various industries and construction sites, 8 of which were abroad.
Other skills and abilities: Has the 4th group of electrical safety clearance. Perform calculations using large data sets.
Current employment: For the last 4 years he has been acting as an independent consultant in a number of construction companies.

For most car owners, the garage is a second home, since this room is not only reliable protection for a car, but also a workshop, a warehouse for auto parts. You can build a garage from different materials, which directly depends on the size of the wallet and the needs of its future owner. In addition to the usual brick and wood, you can use materials such as gas and foam concrete.

Performance properties of the material

In the production of foam concrete, cement and foam created in a special way are used. By stirring the solution, the bubbles are gradually distributed throughout the mass, creating cells. The liquid mass is poured into molds, after which it naturally cools and hardens.

Depending on the strength required of the material, its density level varies between 200–1200 kg/m3, which is reflected in the grade of the finished product.

Foam block is a lightweight but durable material

Foam concrete is produced in the following grades:

• D900–1200 - has maximum strength characteristics, used in high-rise construction; called structural concrete;
• D500–900 - characterized by impeccable balance, suitable for the construction of load-bearing foundations of a building; called structural and thermal insulation;
• D200–500 - due to low thermal conductivity, it is used as a thermal insulation material, while the strength level also reaches minimum values.

In the 19th century, the organic foaming agent was ox blood or soap root.

The composition of foam concrete, also called foam block, currently includes cement, sand, foaming agent and water. Thanks to this modern material, low-rise buildings are now quickly erected and insulated.

Unlike aerated concrete, foam block is highly popular among builders, which is explained by the simplified process of manufacturing a unit of product.

It is very easy to build a foam block garage

Characteristics of the advantages and disadvantages of foam block as a building material

The fundamental criteria when choosing foam concrete for the construction of a garage are:

1. Light weight with significant dimensions. This makes it easier to transport material around the construction site, significantly reduces the consumption of cement for masonry and reduces the time for building a room. You can even cope with the work alone. Foam blocks do not impose any special requirements on the level of soil stability.
2. Environmental friendliness of the product. It is caused by a simple composition of sand, cement and foaming agent.
3. Impeccable fire safety, resistance to temperature changes.
4. Does not require additional insulation.
5. It lends itself well to mechanical changes, so all communications can be easily laid inside such a wall.
6. Good sound insulation allows the use of foam concrete for masonry of internal and external walls.
7. Low water absorption protects the material from rot and mold.

Minor amount negative qualities foam blocks cannot cover the listed advantages, but information about them will help avoid the negative consequences of building a garage.

A garage made of foam blocks can be of any size

The main disadvantages include:

1. A decrease in the quality of the material in case of violations of production technology, which can be seen by frequent breaks and crumbling of the product.
2. Destruction of the structure as a result of constant exposure to moisture and insufficient ventilation of the room.

To avoid negative consequences, you should purchase foam blocks only from market-reputable manufacturers. To protect against moisture, it will be enough to create a heat-insulating façade.

It is often possible to confuse foam concrete with aerated concrete due to their external similarity and cellular structure. The only one hallmark is that aerated concrete has identical connected pores, while in a foam block they are separated and different sizes. In this case, in the first option, a large absorption of moisture is inevitable, which reduces thermal insulation.

When choosing a foam block as the main material for constructing a garage, it is important to remember its low mechanical strength, which requires special attention when installing the roof and gates. Under lightweight foam concrete, such structures are only suitable from wood, since hardware foam block walls simply won’t hold up. The roof structure may require a monolithic reinforced belt, and if the length of the room is more than 10 m, a buttress.

You can quickly build a garage from foam blocks with your own hands

Foam block, cinder block and brick - what to build from

When looking at a foam block and a cinder block, many will not be able to find external differences, but the individual characteristics of each of them will make different applications in construction, as well as during the construction of a garage. The quality of foam block masonry will be similar to a brick wall, despite the fact that the cost of the first option will be much cheaper. If you compare cinder block and foam concrete, the quality characteristics are approximately the same, but you will have to purchase modern material made from foam concrete at a price higher than traditional cinder block.

When studying the operational data, we can safely talk about the long service life of foam blocks, which will never require any major repair work throughout the entire period of use of the garage. For fans of modern energy-efficient technologies, a foam block structure will be an excellent option that ensures impeccable heat retention.

The technology of laying brick, cinder block and foam block is similar

Project preparation is an important stage in garage construction

When starting to work on any construction project, you should decide on the future project, which will allow you to plan the consumption of materials and the entire budget as a whole. An important aspect is the characteristics of the soil and the passage of groundwater. This information will help determine the design of the foundation.

You can create a garage project in a specialized computer program, but when executed on its own it represents more possibilities for planning according to individual requests.

The garage layout can be very arbitrary

At the same stage, it is necessary to decide on the purpose of the garage - whether it will only store a car or whether the room can function for other purposes. Main selection criteria:

• the presence of an inspection hole;
• the need to have a basement for canned products and vegetables for the winter;
• installation of racks for inventory and tools;
• the possibility of equipping the work area in the form of a table or workbench.

The garage project can be as detailed as possible

Taking these requirements into account, you can begin designing, where the first question will be determining the type and parameters of the foundation and the height of the walls. For standard designs the following indicative values ​​apply:

• the width of the garage can reach 3–3.5 m;
• it will be no more than 3 m in height;
• the length of the room is about 4.5–6 m.

Even if we take as a basis finished project or a drawing, it is necessary to correct it taking into account the construction site, in particular, the depth of water, the soil structure.

The schematic image can be presented from several angles

How much material is needed to build a garage?

Traditionally, the blocks have dimensions of 600x300x200 mm, while the walls can be either 200 mm thick or, if turned over, 300 mm. The determining factor when choosing thickness is the presence of heating - for a cold garage 200 mm is enough, and a warm one requires at least 300 mm. When the project is completely ready, you can begin detailed calculations of the number of blocks according to the diagram below (a 4x5x3 m garage is taken as an example):

1. Calculation of the length of the walls along the entire perimeter of the room and the number of foam blocks per row: (4+5)x2/0.6, where 0.6 is the length of the block. The result is 30 pieces.
2. Determining the number of rows with a garage height of 3 m and a product height of 0.3 m. Everything is simple here: the height of the room is divided by the height of the block and the result is 3/0.3 = 10 rows.
3. In total, according to preliminary data, 30 × 10 = 300 blocks will be needed for the entire garage, but it must be taken into account that due to door and window openings material consumption will be reduced.
4. Deduction of the amount of materials at the locations of gates, doors, windows. When building a garage without heating, the wall thickness is 200 mm per 1 sq.m. the consumption will be about 6 foam blocks. All that remains is to measure the area of ​​all openings. With standard designs, the savings will be about 50 blocks, but to build a 4x5x3 garage you will need 300–50=250 blocks.

This calculation scheme applies to any garage boxes.

During transportation of foam concrete, minor defects in the material are possible, for example, chipped corners, cracking due to improper loading. In addition, the thickness of the seam during laying may differ significantly from the standard one. In order to have enough blocks for the entire garage, it is recommended to purchase 5% more material than calculated.

Foam blocks have standard sizes

What tools will you need for the job?

Construction of the garage will be completed much faster if everything necessary materials and the tools will be at hand:

Turnkey foam block garage: detailed construction instructions

Building a garage yourself will not only help you save money on hiring workers, but will also guarantee high-quality installation. All work is carried out in several stages, each of which has its own characteristics.

Site preparation, foundation laying

At the marking stage, everything begins with determining the location of the corners of the room where pegs are dug in, and a rope is pulled between them so that the tension angle is strictly 90 degrees. A simpler and more accurate option is to carry out axial markings. With the same length of string, we can confidently talk about maintaining the angle.

As you complete the marking, you should stand at the location of the future gate. It is important to make sure that they can be opened and closed without difficulty. If there is no obstacle, we move on to the next stage - installing the foundation.

The markings should be made as evenly as possible

Due to the light weight of the foam block, at first glance, the garage does not require a buried heavy foundation. However, when choosing its type, you should take into account the soil characteristics of the garage site. Thus, the relevance of a strip foundation with a height of 0.5 m will be justified in the case of groundwater up to 2.5 m deep, as well as in the presence of homogeneous and dense soil.

If the soil is heaving, then you cannot do without monolithic foundation. This choice is quite simple to explain - the blocks cannot be bent, which leads to cracking of the material and destruction of the building as a whole. A monolithic structure can smoothly adapt to the behavior of the soil.

A monolithic foundation is not suitable for a garage with an inspection hole; here it would be more appropriate to install a buried strip or combined strip-pile foundation.

On heaving soils it is better to equip a monolithic foundation

Let us consider the action of installing the foundation using the example of a strip structure to a depth of 0.8 m:

If there is an inspection hole in the project, you can begin its installation already at the stage of concrete hardening.

How to make a viewing hole correctly

The inspection pit must be installed taking into account the flow of groundwater. So, at a depth of 2.5 m or more, the need for a drainage system disappears; with closer waters, you will have to stop at this stage.

Below is a detailed description of the option for creating a viewing hole with drainage. The length of the pit for a standard car is usually 2 m, but the depth can vary depending on some factors, among which the main one is the height of the car mechanic. On average, the depth will be about 1800 mm, taking into account the vehicle’s ground clearance of 120–175 mm and an additional 300 mm.

Sequence of installation of the inspection pit:

1. Digging a hole with an allowance for depth for the final floor screed, waterproofing, and drainage system.

   When digging an inspection hole, you need to take into account the insulation layer

2. At the bottom of the pit, a layer of gravel of 100 mm and sand of 50 mm is laid with alternate compaction.
3. To create drainage, trenches are dug throughout the pit to a depth of 500 mm.
4. Geotextiles are laid on the bottom. It is recommended to roll 800 mm of material onto the wall.

   The bottom of the inspection hole must be covered with geotextiles

5. Then the drainage pipe is installed with preliminary gravel filling of the bottom of the pit by 50 mm. Perforated plastic or asbestos-cement or even ceramic pipe. It is important to lay the pipe with a slight slope - for each meter of the product a slope of 1 cm will be sufficient.
6. The installed pipe is filled with gravel (height up to 200 mm) and covered with geotextile. Drainage system ready.
7. Clay is placed on top of the entire structure, which also needs to be compacted.
8. The next stage is the layout of roll waterproofing made of roofing felt or polyethylene.
9. Next, the formwork is constructed, the reinforcing belt is laid and the structure is poured with concrete. If desired, any of the following can be added to increase water resistance. special means like “Dehydrol” or “Betonoprava”.
10. As soon as the screed has dried, laying the waterproofing layer should be repeated.

    The bottom of the inspection pit must be concreted

11. If the groundwater is located high relative to the ground, all the walls of the pit are coated with clay.
12. The walls of the observation room can be built from brick or in the form monolithic concrete with preliminary waterproofing and formwork.
13. Then the walls are waterproofed, which is connected to the floor waterproofing layer. The coating should be complete without joints, cracks or protruding edges.
14. Now you can pour the concrete, and after it dries, all surfaces of the pit are finished. The walls can be either plastered or decorated with tiles or fiberglass.

    The walls of the inspection pit can be decorated with any material or shelves can be arranged on them

15. To protect against the unexpected failure of the car into a hole, a safety rail is mounted on top of it. To do this, a 60 mm metal corner will be sufficient, from which the frame will be welded according to the parameters of the pit. The metal parts are filled with concrete on top.

Garage door installation

Before you start laying the walls, you need to install gates that will be partially fixed in the walls themselves. Previously, roofing material is laid on top of the foundation in several layers as waterproofing.

To strengthen the gate frame, reinforcement is welded on each side - 4 pieces 40 cm long and 12 mm in diameter. It is important to ensure that the rods lie on the seams of the foam block. Before installing the door frame, the fittings are primed and painted.

Most often, swing gates are installed in garages.

When attaching the gate, you should be armed with a plumb line and level for precise measurement their positions. In order to fix the structure, wooden blocks can be placed diagonally. To create a reliable foundation, a special beam is built above the gate. It's very easy to make from metal frame, filled with concrete. Here it is important to correctly determine the length of the beam. So, add at least 200 mm to the total length of the doorway on each side.

For a garage made of foam blocks, you can also use overhead gates

A good option would be to install a ready-made beam as an I-beam. In this case, the work is simplified, you just need to do metal corner 50x50 mm in dimensions suitable for the gate, and secure it so that indoors it fits snugly against the wall. Cement is poured over the corner, after which the I-beam is mounted.

When constructing the second floor of the garage in the future, an armored belt should be laid around the entire perimeter of the room, which will become a reliable support for the floor slabs and roof structure. Considering the features of a garage made of foam blocks, it is important to comply with this requirement.

Features of wall construction

Laying the walls of any room, regardless of its purpose, begins at the corner. The blocks are placed so that they are long side walked along the wall. Installation of foam blocks is carried out using special glue or cement mortar. When comparing these two products, we can say that they are the best thermal insulation qualities glue, in addition, it is consumed much more economically. The only advantage of the cement-sand composition is its low cost.

A string is stretched along pre-set corners, along which the walls are installed. Every 2 rows, reinforcement is performed by laying a special mesh or other reinforcing material.

For laying foam blocks, you can use a special cement mortar

The rods welded to the gate frame must be embedded in the interblock seams. Once the masonry reaches the floor beam, under no circumstances should the blocks be moved in the row. To adjust the material to the appropriate parameters without breaking the suture ligament, it is enough to trim the block.

When planning to install a pitched roof, it is necessary to lay the foam blocks at an angle to the rear wall (approximately 5 cm per meter).

Creating a slope under a pitched roof is not difficult - just cut off the excess foam concrete with a hacksaw. If the roof is gable, then you should think about options for covering the roof gables. Any lightweight material, such as lining, is suitable for the job.

A formwork 30 cm high is created along the entire perimeter by laying a reinforcing metal frame followed by concreting. When using beams as a base roofing the need for a powerful armored belt disappears, then the formwork may also not be installed. In this case, the wall is covered with a thick layer of mortar, on top of which reinforcement is attached and again a layer of cement. All excess material is removed with a trowel. The composition must have a homogeneous structure, it is not recommended that it be very liquid, then it will simply flow down the walls, but a very thick solution is fraught with inevitable cracking of the wall in the near future.

The roof of a garage is usually made by laying a concrete slab covered with roofing felt, but this technology cannot be used when building with foam blocks. Walls made of foam concrete are very fragile and may not withstand the load of the slab. Below is an example of a single-pitch roof structure based on an I-beam:

All that remains is the installation of the canopy, which you can handle yourself - just make a metal corner, fix polycarbonate or any roofing material you like on top of it.

A gable roof is more practical

Floor installation

As soon as the installation of the inspection pit, walls and roof is completed, all that remains is to lay the floor in the garage. Since the load from the car on the screed is very high, the structure must be of maximum strength. The best option in this case would be concrete base.

Where a pedestrian zone is planned, installation of boards is allowed. Wooden flooring will fit well into work area, where you can put tables and machines. Wood is considered a more comfortable material than concrete flooring.

Before you start pouring concrete, the surface is prepared - the area of ​​the ground is leveled and compacted, then crushed stone 10–15 cm, sand 5–10 cm, gravel 5–10 cm are poured. Finishing layer- the concrete base is poured with a thickness of 20 cm or more.

And finally, all that remains is the finishing work and installation of communication systems.

The ideal floor for a garage made of foam blocks is concrete

Two-story garage made of foam blocks: dreams or reality

The construction of a second floor in a garage based on this material is quite possible thanks to unique properties foam concrete products:

1. The lightweight structure of the foam block allows for minimal load on the garage foundation, which significantly reduces costs and time when constructing a bulky foundation.
2. The high-strength material is ideal for constructing a garage box up to two stories high with an attic.
3. Good thermal insulation will not only keep you warm in cold winters, but will also save your budget on heating the room.
4. Completing the work is not particularly difficult, so the construction of a garage can be completed within a month.
5. The presence of foam blocks on the market at reasonable prices makes the material budget-friendly.

Foam blocks are so light that building a two-story garage is not difficult.

When building a garage, about 1/3 of the total budget is spent on purchasing foam blocks; most of the money is spent on creating a foundation and roofing structure. Despite this, this material is the most suitable for constructing a garage.

Building a garage with your own hands is easier than building a residential building. It is necessary to draw up a competent project, select basic materials and calculate an estimate. You just need to find a balance between low cost and reliability of construction, which is why many car owners select foam blocks for such tasks. It’s quite easy to work with them yourself, but if you don’t have experience, it’s better to hire contractors.

A typical project usually includes standard items:

• The foundation is of a suitable type (contractors prefer to pour slab foundations).
• Construction of a box from wall blocks 600x300x200 mm using special glue and masonry reinforcement in every third or fourth row.
• Single or gable roof without insulation, but with a mandatory vapor barrier and Ondulin coating.

Cladding, windows and doors, and gates are usually selected and calculated separately after design. The blocks and the purchase of other materials according to this list will require about 9,000-10,000 rubles, calculated per 1 m2 of garage area. Contractor services will cost another 6,000-8,000 per square meter. On average, you will have to pay from 15,000 to 18,000 rubles per sq. m. meter of construction.

Any company is ready to expand the basic package of services for turnkey construction at the request of the customer (for a fee). Usually this includes the construction of foam concrete partitions, an attic, the construction of an inspection pit or cellar, etc. But due to additional items in the estimate, the total amount increases significantly.

Companies often offer all sorts of “goodies” for standard turnkey buildings, such as replacing the original list of materials with more expensive options. This applies to roofing: instead of soft Ondulin, you can choose a metal profile (which will increase the cost of the project by about 700 rubles/m2) or tiles - here the upper limit is already blurred, but on average the difference in the estimate will be 2,000-2,500 rubles/m2. If you are immediately building a house from foam blocks with a garage, it is advisable to make the roof on combined objects from identical or at least compatible products.

Improvements and additions to the roof structure are also paid separately. You can order the filing of overhangs (1000 rubles/m2) and the design of a storm drain - another plus 15,000-20,000 for a complete set.

What affects the price and how to reduce costs?

You can save big only on the most consumable items – materials. It is enough to track the seasonality of prices and purchase everything you need in the winter, when they decline. During this period, suppliers do not offer a wide range of foam blocks, but usually this is not required.

Cost of finishing works and insulation

Services for finishing a finished garage made of foam concrete are provided relatively inexpensively. But due to the impressive list of works, all of them together can result in a considerable sum, which will increase construction costs by up to 20-30%:

• The cheapest cladding interior walls will cost 600 rubles per square surface, ceiling - 700.
• Laying a rough wooden floor - 800-850 rubles/m2.
• Covering the outside with siding costs about 1,500 rubles per m2; facing with decorative bricks will cost 2,700-4,300 rubles for the same amount of work.
• You can also order additional insulation mineral wool so that the car is in normal conditions even in winter. This is approximately 550-600 rubles per 1 m2 of floor and another 650-700 rubles/m2 for external walls made of foam blocks.

You can refuse expensive exterior finishing, but it is still necessary to protect the masonry from external influences. Here, ordinary plaster with an additional waterproof coating (for example, acrylic) will suffice.

Foam concrete blocks have good thermal insulation characteristics - choosing this material for walls initially allows you to save on lining the building with a layer of mineral wool or polystyrene foam. Of course, if in the region harsh winters, and the garage itself is planned to be heated, it will still have to be insulated. But the consumption of insulation for masonry will be significantly lower. And if construction is carried out far from a residential building and a bathhouse, you can replace an expensive basalt wool in the project, a more affordable PSB.

A large garage with an attic made of foam blocks requires the use of expensive and durable stones autoclave curing. But if this is a one-story building, it is enough to choose materials produced using standard technology with natural drying. Save 10-15% on their purchase.

How to reduce the cost of foundation and flooring?

In a foam concrete building, the type of foundation plays an important role, but it is selected after examining the soil. If the soil on the site is sufficiently stable, and the project does not include a basement under the garage, a shallow strip foundation will suffice. With a high level of occurrence of hot water, mobile or heaving soil, it makes sense to choose a pile-grillage structure or a monolithic slab. The first option is more affordable, the second will be more expensive, but will not allow soil movements to destroy fragile foam concrete blocks.

The foundation must meet the conditions in a particular area, but there is no need for an excessive margin of safety. From finishing or pouring the floor cement screed You can refuse, as well as expensive thermal insulation, replacing it with a thick expanded clay cushion. After this, it will be enough to make a dense backfill from a fine gravel mixture and, to be safe, pour it with a liquid cement solution.

If you are not a car mechanic and don’t spend the whole weekend under the car, making an inspection hole is pointless - it will only increase the cost of the foam block project. The presence of a basement should also be questioned. It is necessary only for avid gardeners who feed from the ground and store supplies in large volumes.

Block cost

The amount of foam block for building a garage depends on the size of the object and the thickness of the walls. The latter is determined by the climatic conditions in the region and the need for thermal protection.

Foam concrete is a material often used in the construction industry due to its positive properties. When choosing the “golden mean” between the quality and cost of materials, preference is given to foam blocks.

Why foam block?

Foam concrete is characterized by a large number of advantages, but it is impossible to do without disadvantages. The material is attracted by its amazing technical and operational capabilities, as well as its relatively low cost. In addition, there are a lot of projects for building a garage from foam blocks with your own hands.

Advantages

• Increased strength. The strength indicator is measured by the level of compression, which for a given material varies between 3.5 and 5 MPa. Thus, foam concrete can be used in the construction of buildings three floors high.
• Thermal insulation. In terms of thermal conductivity, the foam block can be compared to wood. At the same time, he demonstrates much best performance than clay brick. In other words, a thin wall made of foam concrete conducts the same small amount of heat as a thicker brick wall.
• Soundproofing. Foam blocks consist of many pores that are filled with air. Thanks to this, the soundproofing properties material.
• Foam concrete blocks have different densities(depending on the manufacturer). On average, this figure ranges from 400-1600 kg/m2 - slightly more than the density of wood. The low rate makes it possible to reduce the cost of storing the material, and also significantly simplifies working with it.
• Moisture resistance. The minimum number of open pores in the structure of the material ensures its moisture resistance. For example, high-quality foam blocks made to standard specifications can float for at least a week.
• Freeze resistance. Low temperatures foam concrete is not dangerous, thanks to the small pores in its structure through which water moves when it freezes. The properties of the building material are fully preserved even in extreme cold.
• Fire resistance. One of the key positive features of the block is its resistance to combustion. The material can prevent fire for 8 hours, while the released substances do not belong to the toxic category.
• Homogeneous structure. Compared to others building materials, like ceramic bricks, reinforced concrete, etc., the structure of foam concrete is uniform and consists of small pores throughout the entire thickness. Thus, the material can be processed in any convenient way - using a saw, drill, etc., without fear for its condition.

Some features of the material can be both positive and negative at the same time. The disadvantages of foam blocks are significantly inferior to the advantages, but we should not forget about them.

Flaws

• Airtightness. Speaking about the resistance of foam concrete blocks to moisture, we must not forget that their dense, homogeneous structure and solidity will prevent the penetration of air. This property prevents foam blocks from “breathing”.
• Slow Durability. Compared to other building materials, foam concrete gains strength at a slower pace, although its hardening does not stop after 5, 10 years, etc. Manufacturers are not interested in maintaining the foam block to the required level of strength, since this requires additional funds.
• Low quality. The demand for the material has generated many small manufacturers who are eager to sell as much as possible. more products and are not too concerned about its quality.
• Shrinkage. The material is characterized by a shrinkage process, which occurs intensively during the first month after installation.

Garage design and calculation of materials

Design is the first stage of construction of any building. First you need to determine soil structure and its features, find out the depth at which groundwater flows during each season. These indicators determine the overall design of the garage, as well as the appropriate type of foundation.

There are many special programs for design, which are quite easy to master. They allow you to make the most accurate calculation of the materials required for the construction of a garage. To do this, you just need to set the desired wall thickness and the parameters of one block.

The beauty of developing a project yourself is that you can bring any idea to life.

Before creating a project, you need to determine all the functions of the future garage. In addition to its main purpose, it can serve as a food storage, basement, etc. Inspection pits and work areas are also located in garages. These points influence the size of the building, the height of the walls, and the foundation. The Internet is full of designed garage projects, but you can use them if they match specific features soil and groundwater.

Construction stages

Construction of a garage made of foam blocks includes several stages:

1. Marking the territory.
2. Foundation installation.
3. Construction of walls and installation of gates.
4. Roof installation.
5. Floor installation.

Territory marking

Marking the territory takes a small amount of time. In the corners of the required territory, stakes are driven in, the thickness of which is at least 5 cm. Next, a cord is pulled between the stakes, and the threads should form a right angle - 90°. Site marking is a display of a previously created project on the ground.

Upon completion of the marking, it is necessary to determine the location of the gate and make sure that surrounding objects do not interfere with its opening.

Foundation installation

It has been repeatedly mentioned before that the soil has a key influence on the type of foundation. Foam concrete walls are relatively light, so they do not need a bulky, heavy foundation. If in the territory of the future garage the soil has a uniform and dense structure, and groundwater flows at a depth of more than 2 meters, then you can limit yourself to a simple strip foundation (reinforced concrete contour), the depth of which is no more than half a meter.

If the soil is not so ideal and there is a risk of periodic shifts, then it is best to use concrete slab. When the soil moves, walls made of foam blocks will not be subject to load.
A monolithic foundation is suitable only if the garage design does not provide for a basement or inspection hole. In this case, you can install a strip foundation located much deeper, or you can resort to using pile-strip foundation. Its peculiarity is that the main emphasis of the walls is on a solid strip foundation, and with the help of buried piles the structure adheres to dense layers of soil.

Construction of walls and installation of gates

The gates must be installed before the foam concrete walls are erected, since in the future they will need to be partially embedded in the walls. Reinforcing bars are first welded to the gate (length - 40 cm), at least four pieces on each side. It is desirable that the rods coincide with the joints of the blocks. The gates are also treated with primer and paint. During the installation process, you need to carefully monitor the level position of the gate using a level, plumb line, and braces.

Video about the technology of building a garage from foam blocks:

The process of building walls should begin from the corners of the garage. The optimal wall width is approx. 20 cm, for this you need to select the appropriate blocks. Each block will be positioned lengthwise, since this construction technique uses less material. To save yourself from carefully measuring corners during the laying process, you can acquire special corner foam blocks. A standard solution consisting of cement and sand or adhesive for foam concrete. The glue has additional benefits, since it is consumed economically and has excellent thermal insulation properties.

After installing the corner blocks, you can begin building the walls, having first stretched the cord between the corners. To strengthen the walls, a special mesh of reinforcement is used, which is installed every two rows of building materials.

The most labor-intensive stage in the process of building walls is laying foam blocks in the area that is located above the garage door. At this stage it is necessary to install the jumper. It is necessary to make a frame that matches the dimensions garage doors. The frame is installed from the inside of the garage using cement mortar and leans directly against the foam concrete wall. Next, the beam in the form of an I-beam is mounted on the top of the frame and gate. It is installed so that the edges go deeper into the walls by at least 20 cm.

Roof installation

A single-pitch or gable roof is ideal for a foam concrete structure. A pitched roof is the simplest and cheapest option. To install it, beams resting on foam concrete walls are used. The bevel angle varies within 25-60°. In order to protect the walls from rain and snow, you need to use beams that protrude beyond the structure by approximately 40 cm. In this case, you need to maintain a distance between the beams - about 80 cm. Empty areas between beams should be filled with bricks. Boards are laid quite tightly on top of the beams, and then roofing felt, insulating material and roofing are spread.

Floor installation

The garage floor must be especially stable, since under the enormous pressure of the car, collapses, shrinkage and other defects are possible. The best option is concrete, which is top layer. Under it, layers of gravel, sand and crushed stone are carefully compacted in order of priority, the thickness of the concrete is 20 cm or more.

Room ventilation

Ventilation must be present in the garage. Usually they resort to three methods: mechanical, natural and combined.

• Mechanical ventilation is carried out using an exhaust system operating on the basis of a fan, as well as supply ventilation.
• Natural ventilation of the room is ensured by installing grilles on the side of the gate, through which air from the street passes. This is the cheapest method, but in terms of efficiency, preference is given to mechanical ventilation.
• Combined ventilation - using the first and second methods simultaneously.

Insulation of the garage

Garage insulation means an insulating structure that is installed on the walls, roof and gates. Preference should be given to inexpensive insulation materials for walls such as polystyrene foam, etc. For insulation, a wall is mounted on which the material is attached.

To insulate the roof, a wooden frame is nailed to the rafters, designed to hold the insulating material. Gates are most often hung warm cloth.