The main nutrition for farmed cattle is special animal feed. The speed of weight gain of livestock and even the taste of meat depends on the quality of nutrition. Considering that in Russia many people work with cows, as well as feed Russian production very necessary for them. The production of grass meal is especially profitable.
To increase sales of your products, you must adhere to established standards during production ().
A little about the documents
Doing business legally requires registration. Fits . To register the production of animal feed, collect some documents:
- articles of association;
- agreement on establishment (concluded between those who create a company);
- application for state registration (P11001).
In addition, you must pay a state fee of RUB 4,000.
Submit these documents to the tax office. Your application to open a business will be reviewed within 5 days.
To sell feed in bulk, get quality certificate. For this you need:
- sample analyses;
- veterinary certificate;
- package of documents including business registration documents;
- application for Rospotrebnadzor to obtain a certificate.
Certification takes about 30 days.
Business focus
The production of herbal flour in granules as a business is aimed at agricultural organizations and farms. At the latest data they number 11,225,000 and 979,000 head of cattle respectively.
This includes:
- cows;
- bulls, bulls;
- oxen;
- calves;
- heifers, first heifers, heifers.
You can also target the production of green fodder for feeding horses, even.
Most farm animals require grass feed, which is the main source of vitamins. Since the climate of our country allows animals to consume fresh grass only from spring to autumn, there has been a long-standing tradition of storing dried grass (hay) for the winter.
Despite the long-term use of this method, it has a number of disadvantages:
- long preparation time;
- the need for a lot of physical labor;
- need spacious room for drying;
- loss of nutrients.
Fortunately, technology does not stand still, so the production of herbal flour and herbal granules has already been developed and is actively used. The technology for making this food is quite simple, it takes a minimum of time, and most importantly, all the nutrients are preserved!
Making herbal granules
Grass granules are a natural protein-vitamin feed for animals and poultry, which is obtained from crushed and dried grass using granulation. Herbal flour is obtained after drying at high temperature and grinding the herbs into flour. Granulation provides better storage stern.
This kind of food energy value very close to concentrate, because in 1 kg it has:
- about 0.9 feed units;
- up to 140 g of digestible protein;
- up to 300 mg of carotene;
- vitamins E, K, group B;
- amino acids.
Granules are used as feed additives or as main feed.
As an additional food, granules supplement the main one, but for each animal this indicator is different:
- cattle - 30-40% of the diet;
- pigs – 10-15%;
- sheep, horses - 80%.
Like any product, herbal granules have several types. They differ in the quality and quantity of carotene (the more carotene, the more nutritious the food). This affects the cost of feed, so for better sales, offer different kinds at different prices.
The shape of the granules is small - diameter 2.4-20 mm, length - 15-28 mm. Smaller ones are given to young birds, slightly larger ones to adult birds, larger ones to cattle, horses, and pigs.
Raw materials for food stock up in summer period. Select forage crops that can be harvested at different times.
Suitable raw materials for your business:
- Perennial legumes. The advantage of such crops is the increased content of vitamins, various minerals and digestible protein. Hence the high nutritional properties. It is preferable to stock up on alfalfa and red clover. Cereal herbs are often mixed with them.
- Cereals, they are often mixed with perennial legumes in smaller proportions.
Don't go overboard with adding less nutritious herbs, because your products will undergo quality certification and receive confirmation of the nutritional value of the feed. Poor performance will hurt your business.
Feed production technology
When producing grass meal and grass pellets, strictly follow the following process:
1. Mowing the grass. The grass harvest is always greater than the grain harvest - this is another plus in a business plan for producing feed in the form of grass pellets or flour.
Please note that while mowing the grass, as well as loading it, you will certainly incur losses. The main thing is that they do not exceed 2% of the total mass.
2. Primary grinding of grass at which mixing occurs different plants into one mass;
The quality of grass chopping determines the quality of drying and fuel economy, respectively, saving the business budget.
Acceptable sizes of crushed particles:
- 80% of the mass is 30 mm particles;
- 20% of the mass - particles no more than 110 mm.
3. Transportation of crushed mass. Minimize the loss of chopped grass by using mesh sides in transport. Also make sure that the raw materials are not contaminated.
The maximum time between mowing and drying is 3 hours. If it is longer, the grass will begin to lose all its beneficial substances, which means your product will be of poor quality.
4. Drying– a very important process, the observance of which determines the quality of your products. The grass dries very quickly (in just a few seconds) to 9-12% humidity;
The heating temperature of the grass is up to 70°C.
The loss of carotene should be no more than 5%.
5. Grinding to obtain flour. It is very important to consider the percentage of carotene here. If the food is artificially grown, technology for adding antioxidants is applied to it. This process reduces the loss of carotene.
6. Granulation– a stage due to which all useful substances are preserved in the product, and transportation becomes more convenient.
Requirements for granules (according to GOST 18691-88):
- diameter - 3–25 mm;
- length - up to 2 diameters;
- density - 600–1,300 kg/m3;
- crumbability - up to 12%;
- dry matter share - 85–90%.
After making the granules, they need to be cooled for 15 minutes to minimize the loss of carotene (up to 5%).
7. Packaging and storage of feed. Product packaging depends on the method of sale:
- craft bags of 30–50 kg. - retail and small wholesale;
- “big bags” of 1,000 kg - average wholesale;
- loading into transport without packaging in bags - large wholesale.
Feed production technologies are quite simple, with this you will not have any problems when starting a business.
Premises for production and personnel
An animal feed production plant must meet certain indicators:
- A large area, because the equipment for grass meal takes up quite a lot large area(about 250 sq. m.) + storage space for finished feed and raw material reserves is required;
- Darkened storage room so as not to destroy carotene;
- Ceiling height – from 4 meters;
- Temperature in the workshop – from +2 to +4ºС;
- Air humidity 60–75%;
- Availability of good ventilation;
- In the warehouse, the aisles between stacks are about 1 m, between the walls of the room and the rows - at least 0.7 m;
- Ceiling height - from 4 m;
- Area for equipment - 250 sq.m.
The feed production business needs labor, so hire staff. You don’t need any special knowledge, just distribute responsibilities between employees and conduct mini-training. Hire 3 workers per shift.
Equipment for the production of granulated feed
- Grass cutting equipment(at the same time grinding):
- self-propelled forage harvesters: Don-680, Maral-125 or KSK-100A are suitable;
- semi-mounted forage harvesters: “Polesie-3000”;
- forage harvesting complexes.
- Raw material supply conveyor;
- Herb chopper;
- Drying equipment:
- drying units: productivity - 0.5–1.5 t/hour;
- low-temperature dryers (air heating to 130°C) speed up the drying process. without loss of product quality.
- Cyclone;
- Grass crusher;
- Granulator;
- Feed cooling conveyor. The granules are cooled by a fan and sent to the sieving table. The granules are separated from small particles, which are sent back to the granulator.
- Filling apparatus including scales. Kraft bags are filled with granules and then packed using bag sewing machines.
- Universal loader for moving and loading bags of feed.
Some manufacturers prefer to wilt the grass before drying, but in this case additional equipment will be required.
Video: the process of obtaining granules from grass
Business costs
Costs for production 1 ton grass meal, from which the granules will be made.
Raw materials:
3 tons of grass = 2,500 rubles.
Types of fuel for drying:
- electric power - 154.25 kW = 500 rubles;
- gas - 86 nm3/h = 200 rub.;
- firewood - 80 kg = 150 rub.
Payroll fund:
1 ton = 350 rub. for salary
Additional expenses business = 700 rub./t.
In total, the main business indicators:
- the cost of flour is 4,000 rubles.
- wholesale cost - 10,000 rubles.
- The wholesale cost of granulated feed is RUB 14,000.
Costs of a feed business
Different production scales will require different investments in equipment:
- 0.5 t/hour – RUB 3,500,000;
- 3 t/hour – 9,300,000 rub.
If you organize home business without using a full production line and renting premises, you only need about 700,000 rubles.
If you open a full-fledged production of herbal flour in granules, the costs will be different. Below are the averages taking into account the purchase of grass.
Pellet production equipment line:
- productivity 0.5 tons of granules/hour - RUB 3,500,000;
- productivity 1.5 tons of granules/hour - 6,300,000 rubles;
- productivity 3 tons of granules/hour - 9,500,000 rub.
Equipment line for the production of bulk product:
- productivity 0.5 tons of granules/hour - 2,000,000 rubles;
- productivity 1.5 tons of granules/hour - 4,000,000 rubles;
- productivity 3 tons of granules/hour - 5,000,000 rub.
To the cost of equipment, add the costs of delivery and installation of equipment, and personnel training.
After the initial costs, to monthly expenses businesses will include:
- purchase of raw materials;
- employee salaries;
- communal payments;
- taxes;
- additional expenses.
Total: about 750,000 rubles. per month.
Profitability and payback of business
1 ton of granules per hour = 12,000 rubles.
6 tons per day = 72,000 rub.
120 tons per month = 8,640,000 rubles.
The net profit of the business is about 7,500,000 rubles.
Compound feed in granular form is produced for all types of animals, poultry and fish. The quality of granulated feed must meet the requirements of the standards. Feed granulation organized on a special main production line or in a separate workshop.
The line is used to sequentially perform the following tasks:
- control of bulk feed for the content of metallomagnetic and large impurities;
- steaming feed and mixing it with liquid components;
- pressing of granules;
- cooling of granules;
- sifting granules to separate small particles;
- grinding of granules when producing grits;
- sorting of grains;
- weighing the finished product.
In enterprises where the transfer of bulk feed for granulation occurs not in the flow, but from the warehouse, it is recommended to install sieving machines that use sieve cloths No. 60-80 or wire meshes No. 5-7, and scales for weighing, to prevent damage to the press by random impurities loose feed.
The separation of metallomagnetic impurities from loose feed is carried out using magnetic separators, magnetic columns, etc.
Feed granulation carried out on installations of type B6-DGV, DG domestic production, as well as foreign various companies. The installation includes a press granulator, a cooler, a grinder, and a separator.
In granulator presses, loose feed is steamed and pressed into granules.
Steaming is carried out in a press mixer in order to heat and moisten loose feed, ensuring the formation of granules, lower energy consumption, sanitary and hygienic processing and increased feed digestibility.
At the same time, animal feed fat, molasses and other liquid components can be introduced into the mixer-steamer.
Compacting feed into granules is carried out on ring matrices with different sizes holes depending on the purpose of the feed.
Recommended hole sizes (mm) of matrices when granulating feed:
- for poultry - 3.2-7.7 mm;
- for fish - 3.2-7.7 mm;
- for pigs - 4.7-7.7 mm;
- for cattle - 7.7-9.7;
- for horses - 9.7-12.7mm.
The operating mode of the granulation plant must ensure the production of granules that meet the requirements of regulatory documentation.
Recommended Settings feed granulation:
- humidity of steamed feed, % - 15 -18:
- temperature of steamed feed, o C - 60-80;
- steam pressure, kg/cm 3 - 2-5;
- steam consumption, kg/t - 50-80;
- congestion between rollers and matrix, mm - 0.2-0.4;
- temperature of granules at the outlet of the press, °C - 65-95.
Each matrix must be operated with its own rolls. When replacing the dies, the rolls must also be replaced. The running-in of the new matrix must be carried out with new rolls. To break in the matrix, prepare a starting mixture (about 100 kg), consisting of 87% feed. 3% molasses. 5% fat and 5% sifted sand. Water is added in an amount of 3-5%. The mixture is fed manually (with a shovel) into the pressing chamber. The running-in operation continues until glossy granules are obtained (30-90 min).
Cooling of the granules is carried out in coolers (included in the granulation installation). The temperature of incoming granulated feed should not exceed the temperature environment more than 10 degrees, and the moisture content of the granules is no more than 14.5%.
After cooling, the granules are sifted on machines with a sieve No. 20-25 or wire mesh No. 1.8-2 installed for high-quality separation of mealy particles and the crumbs are supplied to the warehouse.
The production of granulated feed is possible without the use of steam when using water, molasses or other liquid binding additives.
When granulating feed using water, the loose feed is moistened by 3-4%. The humidity of the pressed mixture should be in the range of 16-17.5%. The cooling column is divided into two zones: the upper one is for drying, the lower one is for cooling the granules.
Drying and cooling mode:
- R coolant consumption per 1 ton of product, m 3 -2500-3000;
- air consumption for cooling 1 t of product, m 3 - 1500-2500;
- coolant temperature at the inlet drying chamber, °C:for granules with a diameter of 4.7 mm - 60-80;for granules with a diameter of 7.7 mm - 80-100;
- air filtration speed in the column cross section, m/s - 0.4-0.5;
- drying duration, minutes: for granules with a diameter of 4.7 - 6 mm; for granules with a diameter of 7.7 - 8 mm ;
- cooling duration, min - 5-6.
- Granulation of feed for rabbits with a high content (up to 40%) of grass meal (fibrous component) is carried out with the mandatory addition of molasses or bentonite under the following conditions:
- steam pressure, mPa -0.28-0.33;
- steam consumption when using molasses, kg/t -40-60:
- steam consumption when using bentonite, kg/t - 60-80.
Compound feed for young poultry, pigs, fish, and rabbits may be produced in the form of grits, the granulometric composition of which for different ages is specified in the current regulatory documentation.
Krup is a finished product that is obtained by grinding granulated feed with a diameter of 4.7-7.7 millimeters on roller grinders.
Depending on the required fraction of feed, a gap is set between the rollers:
- for broiler chickens of the 1st period the gap is 0.4-0.5 mm;
- for broiler chickens of the 2nd period - 0.7-1.0 mm;
- for laying hens - 1.0-1.5 mm;
- for fish fry - 0.1-0.5 mm.
To grind granules in the line, it is possible to install roller machines.
The crushed granules are sorted on sieving machines with two sieves - the upper sieve is returned for re-grinding, the lower sieve is returned to the finished product, the lower sieve is sent for re-granulation.
When producing semolina for poultry that meets the size requirements of the standard, the following is installed in separators of type A1-BLS and A1-BIS:
in the upper frames:
- when producing compound feed for laying hens and broiler chickens of the 2nd period, punched sieves No. 60 and No. 55 with holes with a diameter of 6.0 and 5.5 millimeters or wire mesh No. 5.0 and No. 4.5 with cells of size 5, 0 x 5.0 and 4.5 x 4.5 mm;
- when producing feed for broiler chickens of the 1st period, punched sieves No. 50 and No. 40 with holes with a diameter of 5.0 and 4.0 millimeters or wire mesh No. 4 and No. 3.5 with cells measuring 4.0 x 4.0 and 3.5 x 3.5 mm;
- in the lower frames - punched sieves with holes with a diameter of 2.0 mm or wire mesh with cells measuring 1.8 x 1.8 mm.
In the production of grains for fish fry, sieving devices (1РШ-4М, etc.) are used. When receiving grit No. 3 (for fry), a package of frames with wire mesh with cells measuring 0.63 x 0.63 and 0.4 x 0.4 mm is installed in the sieving; grains No. 4 (for fry) - frames with meshes with mesh sizes of 1.0 x 1.0 and 0.63 x 0.63 mm; grains No. 5 (for fingerlings) - 1.6 x 1.6 and 1.0 x 1.0 mm; grains No. 6 (for yearlings) - 2.5 x 2.5 and 1.6 x 1.6 mm.
The first gathering is sent for regrinding, the second is finished product, and the pass is sent for re-granulation.
In order to increase the yield of grits, it is recommended that large particles obtained by draining the upper sieve be sent to a separate grinding machine.
If the requirements of the standard or consumer allow the production of grits without selecting the fine fraction, then the sorting of the crushed granules is carried out on one sieve with the direction of removal for re-grinding.
With the correct operating mode of the granulation installation, the yield of grains should be at least 70%.
Compound feed of equalized size - the new kind products produced by technical specifications for a specific batch or a specific production period, approved by the director of the enterprise, agreed upon with the consumer and registered with the local FMC.
Compound feed of equalized size is homogeneous mixture large particles of loose feed and grains from granules of the fine fraction of feed, characterized by a reduced content of small and dusty particles. Designed primarily for laying hens, but also for other poultry and pigs.
Compound feed of uniform size is produced on a converted bulk feed granulation line according to separate technological regulations. Re-equipment of the pelleting line is carried out with the ability to produce both feed of uniform size and grains from granules according to traditional technology. At the same time, the productivity of the line increases by 60-80% compared to the production of grits from granules and energy consumption is reduced by 40-50%. steam consumption - by 35-40%.
In order for rabbits to develop properly, gain weight and not have problems with the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to select a well-balanced feed containing all the necessary nutrients and minerals.
To prepare feed for rabbits, special enterprises use natural ingredients mixed in certain proportions. Compound feed for rabbits usually includes the following ingredients:
- Green grass;
- Roots;
- Tubers;
- Corn;
- Hay;
- Silage;
- Concentrates;
- Food waste.
What is compound feed
Compound feed is a mixture of plant materials containing the necessary set of vitamins and microelements that nourish a pet. First it is crushed, then mixed, pressed and divided into granules. Therefore, it is also considered a pelleted food.
All feedstuffs are divided into:
- Full blown;
- Feed additives;
- Feed concentrates.
Complete feeds fully satisfy the animal's nutritional needs and do not require additives. Concentrates are usually added to mixtures of succulent and roughage feeds. And the supplements contain a set of vitamin-mineral and protein complexes.
A unique percentage of ingredients used in the feed has been developed specifically for each group of rabbits:
- Pregnant and lactating individuals;
- Fur breeds;
- Meat breeds;
- Young animals;
- Adults.
Green feed
Green food is well absorbed by rabbits and is rich in nutrients. Nutrient mixtures of legumes and legumes-cereals are especially useful for animals:
- Alfalfa;
- Vika;
- Clover;
- Sainfoin;
- Sweet Lupine;
- Pea and oat suspension;
- Vetch and oat suspension.
Adding green food to the diet allows you to reduce the amount of grain and significantly reduce the cost of food.
Rabbits can eat almost all meadow, steppe and forest herbaceous plants. And the wild ones that are useful are:
- Dandelion;
- Nettle;
- Burdock;
- Plantain;
- Thousander;
- Tansy;
- Bedstraw;
- Crescent;
- Hogweed;
- Blooming Sally;
- Coltsfoot;
- Sagebrush.
In spring, it is better to add herbs to your diet in small doses. During this period, the basis of the feed is hay. Freshly cut grass contains more useful substances and is well digested by animals, and it is advisable to dry the wet grass first.
Adult rabbits are given 1-1.5 kg of grass, and young rabbits 150-500 g.
In the fall, rabbits can add the following to their food:
- Potato tops;
- Carrot;
- BeetrootNo.
- Cabbage leaves;
- Turnips.
In order to do this, it is better to wash and dry the root vegetables. Tops are added to the food of rabbits, starting from 150 g for adults and 30 g for young animals.
Roughage
Rabbits eat straw
Rough feeds include:
- Hay;
- Straw;
- Tree branches without leaves.
Bean and legume-cereal hay is considered especially valuable. If there is a lack of hay, you can include pea, oat or millet straw in the diet.
If digestion is impaired, animals can be fed oak and alder branches. And from other trees branches are suitable for food:
- Birches;
- Rowan;
- Maple;
- Pines;
- Juniper;
- Acacia;
- Linden trees;
- Aspens.
Branches can be given no more than 200 g per day per individual.
Roots
Rabbits eat gardening waste, corn, root and tuber vegetables, and melons. This type of food saturates animals with carbohydrates and vitamins that are easily digestible. It is recommended to pre-boil and chop potatoes, feeding them together with mixed feed and bran. It is better to chop fresh root vegetables before serving to rabbits.
Silage
Silage is a mass of healthy root crops, herbs and vegetables, which is perfect for winter feeding of animals. The silage is poured into a barrel, after which it is compacted and covered with film, straw and earth. You can sprinkle plant humus on top with sawdust from non-resinous tree species, and then cover it with clay. The duration of the process is about two months.
The starter mixture is made from the following ingredients: radishes, carrots, turnips, herbs, leguminous herbs. This mass is crushed and loaded into a barrel. You need to pour 1-2% table salt on top, and then compact it until the juice appears, covering it with a wooden circle on top.
Adult rabbits can be given no more than 300 g of the mixture, and young rabbits up to 100 grams. It is better to add chalk to the feed at the rate of one to four per 100 g.
Animals and vitamin-mineral feeds
Animal feed includes:
- Cow's milk (whole);
- Buttermilk;
- Serum;
- Meal (meat, bone, meat, blood, fish).
Whole and shot cow's milk, buttermilk or whey is mixed with other mixtures at 5-10 g per rabbit per day.
Young animals and lactating rabbits are given 5 g of whole milk. Meat, fish or meat and bone meal contains 20-60% protein, it is introduced into mixtures at 1-2% by weight.
The diet of rabbits must include vitamins A, D, E, B12. Especially during the off-season. Together with silage or fermented green food, animals are fully provided with vitamin A during this period. Pine and spruce branches supply the body of rabbits with carotene.
Concentrated feed
This group includes grain feed and compound feed. The diet of animals must include at least 40-50% of concentrated nutritious feed. It's better to mix the grain. Grain feeds suitable for rabbits include:
- Wheat;
- Corn;
- Lentils;
- Oats;
- Barley;
- Vika;
- broad beans;
- Peas.
Grains of cereals and legumes must be crushed for better absorption. It is recommended to soak cakes and bran or give them in combination with root vegetables and silage.
Corn must be crushed or soaked, and millet is brewed. Maslenitsa seeds can be given whole.
The concentrate can be mixed with dried, peeled, ground acorns. There are several standard recipes for rabbit feed.
Feed recipe as a percentage of the total weight.
| Component | Feed including a complete diet. For young individuals. | Concentrate | ||
| For adults | For young individuals | |||
| PC 90-1 | K 93-1 | K 92-02 | K 91-3 | |
| Herbal meal | 30 | 40 | — | — |
| Ground oats | 19 | — | 30 | 40 |
| Ground barley | 19 | 30 | 45 | 45 |
| Wheat bran | 15 | 5 | 12 | — |
| Sunflower cake | 13 | 10 | 12 | 8 |
| 2 | — | — | 6 | |
| Hydrolytic yeast | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| Ground peas | — | 8 | — | — |
| Molasses | — | 2.5 | — | — |
| Bone flour | 0.5 | — | — | — |
| Meat and bone meal | — | 1.4 | — | — |
| Feed phosphate | — | 0.8 | — | — |
| Salt | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Chalk | — | — | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| 100 g of feed contains g: | ||||
| Feed units | 84 | 95 | ||
| Crude protein | 17.8 | 15.8 | 15.8 | 16.3 |
| Twisted protein | 13.6 | 13.5 | 12.3 | 13 |
| Crude fiber | 11.1 | 12.2 | 8.7 | 4.9 |
| Phosphorus | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.45 | 0.56 |
| Calcium | 0.96 | 0.4 | 0.45 | 0.69 |
Compound feed concentrates are added to the feed along with hay and grass. As a rule, it is made in the form of granules.
Do-it-yourself compound feed
Granular feed is high in calories, and animals grow faster on it., than with other types of feed, it is easier to work with. It is cheaper to make compound feed with your own hands, but for this you will have to buy special equipment:
- Feed granulator;
- Grain crusher;
- Screw oil press;
- Hay dryer;
- Hay chopper;
- Motokosa.
To grind the mass you will need a meat grinder or mixer. You can take a special device for mixing cement (drill) or buy an extruder; with its help you can quickly produce large volumes of feed. To press feed into granules, a granulator is used, which allows you to adjust the size of the produced granules.
It is better to cover the drill while mixing the mass so that the feed does not spray out. The ingredients should be taken and added in the proportions described in the recipe for the feed recommended for rabbits.
Rabbit diet
When feeding rabbits with compound feed, it is better to add hay. Young animals can be given up to 30% hay from the total volume of the mixture.
Pelleted feed contains approximately 40% grass meal, so it has a nutritional value of 80 units per 100 g. 100 g of hay contains about 40 calories. This must be taken into account when combining a mixture of hay and feed.
Depending on the breed and condition, rabbits are prescribed different diets:
Breeding rabbits during the non-mating period are given up to 180 g of mixture per day. During the mating period, the same breed is given 230 g. Pregnant queens are given 180 - 170 g.
Lactating rabbits together with baby rabbits, which are from 1 to 10 days old, are given 330-110 g per day. For female rabbits with rabbits from 11 to 20 days - 440-190 g. If rabbits are from 21 to 30 days - 560-200 g. If cubs are from 31 to 45 days - 700-230 g.
Young rabbits from 46-60 days are given 140 g per day. Rabbits 61-90 days old are given 205 g. Young rabbits 90 to 120 days old are given 280 g per day. Replacement young animals after 120 days receive 200 g.
When feeding granulated feed, you need to calculate how much feed you will need for the year. Calculations can be made according to the following scheme:
What you need to know about compound feed
It is not worth buying compound feed in reserve, because it quickly deteriorates and harms the rabbit’s stomach. When stored for a long time, toxins and bacteria are activated.
It is better to store feed in plastic bags in a cool, dry, dark place.
An interesting business idea about the production of granulated feed from the point of view of quality and profitability. Briefly about the business concept. The composition of granulated feed for rabbits, pigs, chickens and cows consists of feed grains; their composition contains a lot of fiber, which simultaneously improves the quality of feed and increases business profitability. Feed grain is half the price of class grain, and a lot of fiber is contained in meadow grass hay, which can be mowed for free. The wholesale cost of granulated feed is 10%-15% more expensive than the cost of class grain and 110%-115% more expensive than feed, respectively. In addition, the feed must necessarily include fiber, which is contained in grass meal. Grass meal simultaneously reduces the cost of granulated feed and improves its quality. The amount of grass meal that is included in the feed as a percentage is up to 35%. Thus, the return on return on working (dirty) profit is approximately 150%. The business has a high sales speed; feed is most often purchased not in kilograms, but in 30 kg bags, or even tons. It all depends on the needs of your clients. The need for compound feed is obvious; compound feed is a consumable product that is widely used in the production of meat and dairy products, which are always in demand. The digestibility of granulated feed is significantly higher than that of conventional feed. This is a very important factor when raising farm animals for meat; with high digestibility, the increase in the ratio of kilograms of feed per kilogram of meat increases. Plus, good digestibility of feed increases the growth rate of farm animals.
Grass meal, which is part of feed for rabbits, pigs, chickens and cows, plays an important role
The percentage of grass meal content in the feed by weight of the feed: for rabbits 30%-35%, for pigs 15%-20%, for chickens 10%-15%, for cows 20%-25%. Grass meal, which must be included in the feed, plays a very important role. It is also called vitamin flour. The fact is that the main components of compound feed are cereals, which have a lot of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, but are poor in vitamins, and meal, which is rich in vitamin E, slightly improves the situation, but this is still very little. Thus, grass meal provides not only a large percentage of fiber content, which is important for the digestion of feed, the pickling system and the animal’s body as a whole, but also additional vitamins that are not found in other components. And vitamins are important when raising animals for meat; not only the health of the animal, but also the quality of the product, that is, meat, depends on them. Fiber itself has a cellular structure and the ability to absorb liquid and swell, thereby increasing the volume of food, which is important for main movement through the intestines and digestibility, respectively. The volume of food is very important for the digestibility of food; it should not be low, otherwise various diseases will occur. Grass meal is made from ordinary hay, preferably meadow grass, but you can also mow alfalfa and sainfoin. After drying, the hay is crushed and fed into the granulator along with the other components, which are included in the composition in a certain dosage depending on the type of feed for different farm animals. Below is a list of equipment that is included in the feed production line. There you will see a hay chopper, a dryer, and a moto-scythe, that’s all you need to produce grass meal.
Composition of feed for rabbits
When preparing feed for rabbits, the following composition is required: 25% ground barley, 15% ground corn, 5% wheat bran, 20% sunflower meal (makuha), 35% grass flour. Grass meal plays a very important role and is included in the preparation of feed for rabbits. Fiber is a vital component in a rabbit's diet. If rabbits do not receive the proper dose of fiber in their diet, their food digestion system will be disrupted and they will have bloated tummies, after which they will begin to disappear. This is how their body is structured. Fiber plays a role in the globular formation of rabbit stool. It helps bind the rabbit's footprints into balls. This composition of feed for rabbits improves the digestibility of feed, which in turn gives a good increase in meat, which in rabbits is the highest of all farm animals (rabbit gain is second only to chickens). But with this feed you will receive 1 kg or more of gain per month for each rabbit. The composition of the feed, which includes 35% grass meal, allows you to give the rabbit daily norm fiber to help the body function normally. This eliminates the need to feed rabbits fresh grass, which is very effective in increasing the survival rate of rabbit breeding. Rabbits are very sensitive to fresh grass, for example with dew, or to poisonous herbs that come with fresh grass. The rabbits will immediately begin to die. And thanks to granulated feed with 35% grass meal content, their survival rate increases significantly. Feeding the rabbits itself is greatly simplified.
Composition of feed for pigs
When organizing feed for pigs, the required composition is: ground corn 20%, ground barley 20%, ground wheat 10%, sunflower meal 30%, grass flour 20%, table salt 0.2%. For pigs, fiber plays an important role and must be included in the diet. A pig consumes less fiber than a rabbit, but the priority is also high. When raising pigs, the farmer must provide a feed composition that contains a lot of fiber, such as grass meal. This helps to avoid many diseases, improves meat growth due to good digestion of food, plus the pig receives additional vitamins that are not contained in cereal feed. Grass meal plays a very important role in the feeding diet of lactating sows; with such a diet, the pig’s body produces more milk for small piglets. Granular feed has better digestibility, which gives good meat gain. At 5.5 kg. Granulated feed 1 kg. Net meat gain. Against conventional food, whose digestibility is significantly lower. For 7 kg of regular feed, 1 kg of clean meat. The pig has a yield of approximately 50%. That is, 300 kg. Pigs 150 kg. Clean yield meat.
Composition of feed for chickens
To prepare the correct composition of feed for chickens, we need: ground wheat 25%, ground barley 25%, ground corn 17%, sunflower meal 15%, grass flour 15%, ground shell (can be from ordinary shell shell) 3%. For chickens, it is important not to overdo it with the sunflower meal component. If the dosage of meal in the feed for chickens is exceeded, the fat content of the feed will increase and the chickens will not lay eggs well. A component such as a shell is not difficult to find. It's enough to chop one building block shellfish These building blocks are made from the seabed, which is sawed into blocks. For chickens, this is a very useful component in the diet, which has a large amount of calcium, which contributes to the formation of shells on chicken eggs. The shell contains useful minerals. Grass meal, which is included in the feed for chickens, plays the role of a component with a large amount of fiber and additional vitamins that are not contained in conventional feed. This composition of feed improves the growth of chicken meat, which already has the highest growth rate of all farm animals. This feed recipe will also produce a healthy poultry population.
Composition of feed for cows
The feed for cows includes the following components: ground barley 20%, wheat bran 15%, ground corn 15%, sunflower meal 25%, grass flour 25%, table salt 0.5%. Of course, unlike rabbits, cows cannot be fed with compound feed alone, but it plays an important role when breeding cows. The feed contains quite a lot of fiber, which is quite obvious and sunflower meal, it adds a little fat to the diet of cows that give fresh milk. Milk contains a high percentage of fat. The cow also receives fiber from additional feed, such as silage, but it is impossible to exclude grass meal from the composition of the feed, where it performs the additional function of digestibility of other components that are part of the feed. The gain of cows when fed with conventional feed is approximately the following: by 15 kg. feed 1 kg. clean yield meat. Such a low increase is due to various factors, for example milking, the percentage of clean meat yield which is 40% for cows and others. But when feeding cows with granulated, well-balanced compound feed with fiber, growth increases significantly due to the high digestibility of feed.
Equipment for the production of feed for rabbits, pigs, chickens and cows
Equipment required by the production technology of granulated feed. Business implementation. Let’s take the following feed composition as an example: barley, corn, sunflower meal, grass meal. To organize a full production line, you need the following equipment: |
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And to start a business you need $4,700 for equipment. You also need to include the costs of premises, electricity, feed grain and hay. First you need to cut the hay with a walk-behind mower; use meadow grass or alfalfa. Dry the hay in a dryer and grind it into grass meal. Then corn and barley are crushed in a grain crusher, then feed sunflower seeds must be passed through an oil press to obtain sunflower meal. Ideally, you would also get a fusodka - $400. She will help you get maximum amount sunflower meal. The fact is that when you press sunflower seeds through a screw oil press, at the output you get sunflower meal and technical meal (fodder seeds) sunflower oil in a place with fuzz. Such oil can be settled to separate the fudge from the oil as much as possible. And press the fuzz itself through a fuse press to finally remove the oil from it. If you don’t want to spend $400 on a fusodka, you can sew a bag of lavsan fabric, fill it with fuses and put it under a stone or squeeze it out with a car jack, it takes longer, is less effective, but it works and is cheaper than buying a fusodka.
The granulator processes the composition of feed and produces it in easily digestible granules
Next, when we have all the components ready, we run the feed composition through a feed granulator in proportions depending on the type of feed we want to receive. The feed granulator allows you to change attachments to change the size of the granules. Large granules can be used in feeding cattle; therefore, the productivity of the granulator will be greater, and this will save energy. For laying hens and rabbits, granular feed with small granules is needed. In addition to the equipment, you can add a mini mill for the production of flour and bran to your business. But this is at your discretion. If you don't have the full amount of capital, you can buy some components in the beginning, and over time you can purchase equipment to produce those components. This business is quite flexible. It is important to add grass flour; it is very useful and significantly reduces the cost of feed composition, which makes the business attractive from an investment point of view. 1 kilogram of grass meal contains 250g of crude fiber, 180g of crude protein, 170g of crude ash and 400g of non-nitrogenous extractives.
