Pressure tank (hydraulic accumulator) - auxiliary device in autonomous system hot and cold water supply. However, you should not skimp on installing it. It will protect the pumps from rapid wear, and in addition, will help get rid of a number of problems in the operation of the system.

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On the picture:

Hydraulic accumulator - important element closed water supply system of a country house.

Where is a hydraulic accumulator used?

How to choose the volume of a hydraulic accumulator? The volume of the pressure tank must be at least one quarter of the maximum total water consumption in the house per minute. In this case, it will be able to supply water simultaneously to all water points in the building for at least 15 seconds without turning on the pump. What can you accomplish during this time? For example, rinse your hands or wash a cup. However, let us recall that we're talking about about the maximum pressure of water flowing from all taps at once. If you open only half of them or reduce the intensity of the jet by half, the time interval will increase to 30 seconds. Thus, the water supply may well be enough to not only thoroughly wash your hands, but also wash the dishes without turning on the pump.

In the photo: Reflex membrane expansion tanks.

IN closed systems water supply Such systems contain booster circulation pumps and a hydraulic accumulator (also called a pressure tank), which will help avoid a number of problems associated with their use. First of all, it is needed to maintain normal pressure in the system when the pump is turned off. In addition, the hydraulic accumulator or pressure tank contains a certain supply of water.

IN open system Water supply does not require a pressure tank. Open system used in small country houses: it is based on a water tank installed on an elevated surface.

Device

The design of the hydraulic accumulator is not complicated. It consists of a sealed metal case, inside of which there is a rubber membrane. She reminds balloon, but only much more durable. The space between the housing walls and the membrane is usually filled with safe inert gas. The tank is mounted on the pipeline and connected to it using a flange connection.

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On the picture:

Internal organization hydraulic accumulator (pressure tank).

Principle of operation

The elasticity of the membrane and gas resistance are used. Water entering the membrane of the pressure tank stretches it under the influence of pressure in the pipes. The gas in the space between the membrane and the housing is compressed and pushes water into the main line. Thus, the hydraulic accumulator maintains the required level of pressure in the water supply main.

Why do you need a hydraulic accumulator?

Volume and cost devices are tightly interconnected. How more capacity tank - the higher its price. In mid-2010, the picture was as follows: the smallest hydraulic accumulator with a volume of 5 liters cost from about 1500 rubles, a tank for 25 liters - about 3800 rubles, and for 100-500 liters - from 10 thousand rubles.

In the photo: Ultra Pro tanks from the Zilmet factory.

• Prevents the occurrence of excess pressure. The principle of operation of the hydraulic accumulator makes it possible to compensate for the thermal expansion of the liquid in the pipes, due to which the water pressure can sharply increase.
• Solves the problem of water hammer. It may occur when starting the pump or opening shut-off valves. “Spitting” from a tap is not the worst consequence of a water hammer: it can burst a pipe or damage plumbing equipment. Hydraulic accumulators for water supply or pressure tanks absorb such impacts, protecting all other parts of the system from them.
• Protects the pump from frequent short-term starts. Such starts occur with frequent switching on and off of water and quickly lead to wear and tear of the pump. Due to the fact that there is a certain amount of water under pressure in the accumulator, it enters the water supply when the tap is opened without the participation of a pump.
• Allows you to use water during a power outage. True, the water consumption will have to be significantly limited, otherwise it will quickly run out.

The article uses images from rusklimat.ru, reflex.de, zilmet.com

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One of the most unpleasant everyday problems is the lack of water in the tap. It is easy to survive the lack of light or gas, but water is an essential component of human life, and when it is absent or in short supply, problems begin. You can always keep several containers of water in your house, for example, plastic bottles, but it is much more practical to determine what kind of storage tank for water supply and system diagram for a private home is needed, so as not to lose comfort and continue to use household appliances and a sink with a bathtub, no matter what. what never happened.

Why is it needed and how to use it

If for some reason the pump in the system does not work autonomous water supply, or there is no pressure in the centralized city water supply, then you can supply it to the sink or toilet tank from a pre-filled reserve container. Simply put, it is better to always have a supply in the house drinking water and use it in emergency situations.

For the convenience of using a reserve supply of water, the storage tank must be integrated into the water supply so that it is either automatically used in the absence of external pressure, or it can be used with a simple twist valve

There are many variations on how to install and connect a storage tank, depending on the type of water source, the possible location of the tank and even the layout of the house. Just choose suitable option and decide on the type of storage tank itself.

Types

The storage tank can be a container with sufficient internal volume, made of a material that is resistant to corrosion and safe for storing drinking water. The following materials are used:

• polyvinyl chloride;
• cross-linked high or low pressure polyethylene;
• polypropylene;
• stainless steel;
• steel coated with waterproof varnishes and ceramic coatings.

Plastic tanks

Although galvanized steel is corrosion resistant and waterproof, over time it protective layer The zinc can become thin, especially at joints and welds.

By design there are:

• open containers that have a neck with or without a lid, but with sealed walls and bottom;
• completely closed sealed containers membrane type.

In the first case, everything is simple: the entire internal volume is filled with water and, if necessary, drained through a pipe fixed at the lowest point.

In the case of membrane storage tanks, the useful volume is at least a third less than the volume of the entire structure. Part of the volume is allocated under the air chamber, separated from the water using a durable elastic membrane. As the container fills with water, the membrane presses on the air chamber, creating overpressure. When it is necessary to get water back, the valve opens and it enters the water supply system under the influence of accumulated pressure.

With bottom or top position

There are three connection options storage capacity and use of water reserves:

• Top location of the container. In this case, water is drawn under the influence of gravity. The higher the accumulator is located in relation to the consumer, the stronger the water pressure. Every 10 meters of height adds 0.1 atmosphere, or approximately 1 bar.
• Bottom location of a simple storage tank. Gravity will no longer help, and a pump is used to supply it to the water supply system, raising the pressure to the optimal level.
• Membrane-type storage tanks themselves create the required pressure for water supply. A lower location at the consumer level is optimal for them, since there will be no advantage from installing in an attic or tower.

How to determine the best option?

If the house has several floors and it is possible to place a storage tank in the attic, then this will allow you to do without additional installation pump, and you don’t need to spend money on expensive membrane tank. In fact, this is an analogue of a water tower. However, raise the container so high as to ensure a comfortable pressure of 2-2.5 atm. it's still difficult. Moreover, the question arises about insulating the tank so that winter period the water in it did not freeze.

In the event of an emergency shutdown of water, the existing pressure is 0.2-0.3 atm. will be quite enough to use the faucet in the sink, toilet or even shower, but you will not be able to use part household appliances, such as a washing machine or dishwasher, which require more pressure to operate the solenoid valves.

Installing the tank at the same level as the consumer is suitable in cases where it is not possible to raise the tank to the attic or at least to a higher floor. The same applies to installing a storage tank in an apartment. You will need a small pump to supply water under pressure to the water supply. To ensure adequate operation, the pump will require a diaphragm expansion tank.

A storage tank with a membrane is perfect for storing water reserves both when using a centralized water supply system and in an autonomous system. However, it does not require additional equipment or top position. However, its cost is significantly higher than any conventional storage tank, even in combination with a simple pump.

Volume of the tank

In case of problems on the city water line and the water is turned off, it is usually renovation work completed in a day or two. However, accidents happen on holidays and in places where quick repair is simply impossible, then you will have to wait much longer. The optimal supply of water for 2-3 days will be for using the toilet, maintaining personal hygiene and cooking.

For a family of three people, 100 liters per day is enough when using water in economy mode. One wash requires approximately 80 liters of water, more precisely you can find out in the passport for washing machine. Same for the dishwasher.

It turns out that for 2-3 days when using household appliances, you need to look for a storage container with a volume of at least 500 liters, half a cubic meter.

However, there are a number of restrictions:

• The larger the volume of water and storage tank open type, the faster it will begin to become overgrown with sediment. It is not recommended to use containers larger than 200-250 liters in everyday life for long-term storage of water.
• It is necessary to take into account the safety factor of the floor and load-bearing walls. The installation of the tank must be planned at the design stage of the house.
• When using an autonomous water supply, the volume of the storage tank, especially the membrane type, should not exceed the flow rate of the well. If this rule cannot be observed, then the pump must be protected from idle running.

Membrane-type storage tanks are limited in their volume and are not able to release the entire supply of stored liquid. To form a reserve of over 300 liters, you will have to connect several tanks of smaller capacity in parallel to each other.

General connection rules

A water tank is installed on the prepared site: concrete base, tied to the foundation, or a reinforced metal frame made of profiled pipe. The design must withstand one and a half weight of the tank and the water in it when completely filled.

The inlet pipe can be of any suitable diameter, water is supplied under pressure. The outlet pipe and pipe to the water supply system are chosen with a diameter one and a half to two times larger than the cross-section of the main line. Optimal size 32 mm.

Even the best quality insulation only slows down the decrease in temperature in the tank. To prevent water from freezing when installing the tank in an unheated attic or on the roof, you should use any suitable heating system for the pipes and the tank itself.

With centralized water supply

Any type of storage tank connection requires check valve at the entrance to a house or apartment. It is the valve that will prevent the stored water from flowing back into the pipeline and not to the consumer.

Top connection

The tank is installed under the ceiling of the first floor, on the floor above the bathroom and kitchen, or in the attic. The tank should have a fitting at the top for water supply, another one slightly higher for discharge into the sewer when overflowing, and a fitting at the very bottom for water intake.

After installing the coarse filter of the shut-off valve, meter and check valve, a tee is installed from which the pipe goes to the inlet pipe of the tank; a shut-off valve or controlled valve is installed in front of the fitting.

A shut-off valve is connected to the outlet fitting and the pipe is lowered back to the water supply, to which it is connected via a tee.

A hose for discharging excess is lowered into the sewer or taken outside the house into the front garden or drainage system.

To control the filling, a mechanical valve with a float is used, similar to those used in a toilet cistern.

To use the stored water, just open the outlet valve.

Bottom connection

The connection is made identical to the first option. However, it is necessary to install a pump at the outlet to create additional pressure in the water supply. Before each use of water, you will have to turn on the pump first.

A ready-made product will help make your life easier pumping station or pump addition expansion tank membrane type and pressure switch.

Bottom connection of storage tank with membrane

To connect the tank, only one pipe is used, connected to the water supply through a tee with a valve. The insertion is also carried out after the filter, meter and check valve.

Before use, the pressure in the air chamber must be adjusted. This must be done strictly in accordance with the instructions for the selected model. Preliminarily studied normal pressure in the water supply, taking into account fluctuations during the day. As a result, the average value is taken, which is used to adjust the tank. This is the only way to use the maximum usable volume of the tank.

For autonomous water supply

As is the case with centralized water supply There are several connection options.

Water tower

The storage tank is installed at a level of 15-20 meters above ground level on a reinforced tower or attic. Water from well pump or a pumping station is supplied directly to the tank, and from it it is distributed to the bathroom and kitchen in the house. The pressure in the system is provided by the height difference between the water level in the tank and the mixer tap in the house.

The disadvantage is the constant flow of water through the tank, which will cause sediment to accumulate over time, even if you first install a filter system.

The advantage is the simplicity of the design and the minimum of expensive elements, with the exception of the tower design itself and the mandatory insulation of the tank to protect it from freezing, even when it is placed in the attic.

Bottom connection of storage tank

The tank is installed level with the pumping station or on the first floor of the house. It fills up during regular work pump using water from the well. The limiter is a float switch.

This option saves you in case of excessive water consumption and a decrease in the water level in a well or well. However, it is useless when the electricity is turned off, since a pump is required to supply the end user with water from the reserve.

Membrane storage tank

A membrane tank for storing water reserves is installed after the pumping station and check valve, with a bottom connection. If the pumping station for some reason does not work and does not maintain pressure in the system, then water comes from the storage tank.

Cold and hot water plays a big role in everyone's life modern man. It is difficult to imagine that a city resident could do without a hot shower or hot water for washing dishes. To ensure a constant supply of water to the taps of private houses for household use It is recommended to equip water supply systems. For this the best option will buy a membrane tank for water supply.

Where can the structure be used for water supply?

The tank in question, as well as the hydraulic accumulator, can be used not only to accumulate excess water during the heating process. Thanks to them, you can maintain pressure in the system, as well as protect and protect against potential damage. If you decide to buy a hydraulic tank and install it, you can immediately feel its benefits. Water is supplied right up to the end, it works in a well-functioning manner, and the moisture that has accumulated allows you to turn the pump on and off much less often. Consequently, such equipment wears out much less. Buying hydraulic accumulators will also be the right decision, as an addition to the hydraulic tank. Tanks can be used in systems where hot and cold water in houses, in those systems that are responsible for heating, for heated floors. In addition to domestic use, there are also larger tanks; they are often installed in cleaning systems, as well as where there are devices for extinguishing fires.

The main advantages of water supply tanks

Buying an expansion tank for water supply in Moscow will be the right decision, since it is convenient to install, it is simple in design, and easy to configure.

When water heats up, it does not come into contact with air, therefore it stays hot longer. Due to the tightness of the entire tank, hot water loses heat in minimal quantities. This also allows you to save on energy resources. It’s easy to buy hydraulic accumulators in Moscow, you just need to choose the right store for this. Choosing a tank to serve clean water for drinking, you need to clarify what material the inner membrane is made of. Water will come into contact with it. This is explained by direct contact. Installation and installation of the tank is convenient; you can always install it on the floor, hang it on the wall, or choose a flat option.

You can buy a hydraulic accumulator for water supply systems in a store. There is a wide range here that will allow you to choose what you need, and their cost plays an important role here. Hydraulic accumulators are very affordable in Moscow. If necessary, get advice from experienced managers who know the range both in theory and in practice. It is profitable to buy hydraulic accumulators for water supply in Moscow in a store where they provide the most favorable conditions for each client who comes here. The product itself High Quality, prices are reasonable, any questions can be asked by phone or simply leave a request on the resource. They will contact you as soon as possible and help you make a choice if you are not yet sure.

Purpose and scope

Technological pressure tanks of the BT(N) brand are designed for storing a liquid working medium under pressure and its subsequent use in technological schemes energy enterprises, housing and communal services, food, oil, chemical industries, and other industries.

Technological pressure tanks BT(N) are manufactured based on strength with a margin for corrosion from high-quality carbon or alloy steel with a thickness of 4 to 12 mm or of stainless steel thickness from 3 to 10 mm.

General technical data of process pressure tanks

Nominal volume (geometric capacity): from 100 liters (0.1 m 3) to 32,000 liters (32 m 3).
A number of conditional (nominal) pressures, MPa g: 0,1; 0,16; 0,25; 0,3; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,25; 1,6; 2,0; 2,5.
Working environment temperature: from 0 to plus 200 °C.
Working environment: water, aqueous solutions, chemical reagents, other liquid media.
Climatic version according to GOST 15150: UHL 3.
Storage and transportation conditions according to GOST 15150: 5(0Zh4).
Permissible seismicity on the MSK-64 scale: 7 points (as directed by the Consumer or design organization - up to 9 points).

Material design of technological pressure tanks

Material performance index	Material structural elements tank				Estimated service life, years*
	pipes	frame	flanges	supports
M1	St20	St20	St20	St3, St20	10-15
M2	St20, 09G2S	09G2S	St20	St3, St20	15-20
M3	AISI 304, 12Х18Н10Т	AISI 304, 12Х18Н9Т, 12X15G9ND	St20, 12Х18Н9Т	St3, St20	30-40

*Depending on the thickness of the tank and the corrosion reserve (corrosiveness of the working environment).

VERTICAL PRESSURE TECHNOLOGICAL TANK

The vertical pressure process tank BT(N) is a single-wall or double-wall welded structure consisting of a cylindrical shell, upper and lower conical, torispherical or elliptical bottoms, inlet and outlet pipes for the working medium, fittings safety valve, drainage, other pipes as directed by the Consumer (design organization). The tank has three (four) vertical supports or foot supports.

Depending on the purpose of the tank and its operating conditions, at the direction of the Consumer (design organization), the following can be installed in the tank:

• service hatch;
• breathing pipe (air vent);
• equalization line fitting;
• recirculation pipe;
• instrumentation fittings;
• other fittings and pipes.

The lineup vertical pressure process tanks for design pressure
0.6 MPa g (6 kgf/cm 2) and 1.0 MPa g (10 kgf/cm 2)

Modification	Volume, m3	Diameter, D, mm	Height, H, mm	Height with supports, H1, mm		Weight for design pressure	ORDER *
BT(N)-0.1-0.6-V	0,10	425	800	1000	74/62	80/68
BT(N)-0.125-0.6-V	0,125	425	950	1150	83/69	90/76
BT(N)-0.16-0.6-V	0,16	530	850	1050	96/80	102/85
BT(N)-0.2-0.6-V	0,20	530	1000	1200	105/86	114/95
BT(N)-0.25-0.6-V	0,25	630	900	1100	123/100	130/108
BT(N)-0.32-0.6-V	0,32	630	1150	1350	140/110	150/125
BT(N)-0.4-0.6-V	0,40	630	1400	1600	155/125	170/140
BT(N)-0.5-0.6-V	0,50	700	1450	1700	205/165	230/190
BT(N)-0.63-0.6-V	0,63	700	1750	2000	230/185	260/215
BT(N)-0.8-0.6-V	0,80	800	1750	2000	260/210	290/240
BT(N)-1-0.6-V	1,0	800	2150	2400	290/230	330/270
BT(N)-1.25-0.6-V	1,25	900	2150	2400	370/305	415/345
BT(N)-1.6-0.6-V	1,6	1000	2200	2450	425/340	470/390
BT(N)-2-0.6-V	2,0	1100	2300	2550	490/395	540/445
BT(N)-2.5-0.6-V	2,5	1200	2400	2650	550/440	610/505
BT(N)-3.2-0.6-V	3,2	1300	2650	2900	640/515	840/645
BT(N)-4-0.6-V	4,0	1400	2850	3150	885/740	1040/820
BT(N)-5-0.6-V	5,0	1500	3100	3400	1020/850	1195/940
BT(N)-6.3-0.6-V	6,3	1600	3400	3700	1205/1005	1415/1110
BT(N)-8-0.6-V	8,0	1700	3800	4100	1395/1165	1650/1290
BT(N)-10-0.6-V	10	1800	4250	4550	1605/1335	1905/1485
BT(N)-12.5-0.6-V	12,5	1900	4750	5050	1860/1550	2215/1730
BT(N)-16-0.6-V	16	2000	5450	5750	2765/2180	3210/2625
BT(N)-20-0.6-V	20	2200	5650	5950	3190/2525	3690/3020
BT(N)-25-0.6-V	25	2400	5950	6250	3665/2895	4230/2460
BT(N)-32-0.6-V	32	2500	6950	7250	4445/3520	5150/4225

* When you click on the “Order” button, a request will be generated for invoicing or commercial offer to the selected tank.

Examples of designation of vertical pressure process tanks when ordering

Process vertical pressure tank BT(N)-10-0.6-V-M2 TU 3600-003-95210823-2015

BT(N) – abbreviated tank marking;
10 – nominal volume, m3;
0,6 – operating pressure, MPa;
B – vertical;
M2 – index of material performance.

HORIZONTAL PRESSURE TECHNOLOGICAL TANK

The horizontal pressure tank BT(N) is a welded structure consisting of a cylindrical shell, right and left conical, torispherical or elliptical bottoms, inlet and outlet pipes for the working medium, safety valve fittings, drainage, and other pipes as specified by the Consumer (design organization). The tank has two saddles horizontal supports or cradle (for underground installation).

Depending on the purpose of the tank and its operating conditions, at the direction of the Consumer (design organization), the following can be installed in the tank:

• level indicator device ( quartz tube);
• service hatch;
• additional pipes for inlet (outlet) of the working medium;
• equalization line fitting;
• recirculation pipe;
• instrumentation fittings;
• measuring pipe;
• internal or external heat exchanger (coil) for additional heating (cooling) of the working environment;
• shirt (double-wall version);
• other fittings and pipes.

Type, location, number and diameters of fittings and pipes - according to the sketch or instructions of the Consumer (design organization) in

Model range of horizontal pressure process tanks for design pressure
0.6 MPa g (6 kgf/cm 2) and 1.0 MPa g (10 kgf/cm 2)

Modification	Volume, m3	Diameter, D, mm	Length, L, mm	Height with supports, H1, mm	Weight for design pressure 0.6 MPa: version M1(M2)/M3, kg	Weight for design pressure 1.0 MPa: version M1(M2)/M3, kg	ORDER *
BT(N)-0.1-0.6-G	0,10	425	800	625	82/70	87/75
BT(N)-0.125-0.6-G	0,125	425	950	625	93/78	100/86
BT(N)-0.16-0.6-G	0,16	530	850	730	109/92	116/99
BT(N)-0.2-0.6-G	0,20	530	1000	730	125/107	135/116
BT(N)-0.25-0.6-G	0,25	630	900	830	150/128	160/135
BT(N)-0.32-0.6-G	0,32	630	1150	830	165/140	175/150
BT(N)-0.4-0.6-G	0,40	630	1400	830	187/155	205/170
BT(N)-0.5-0.6-G	0,50	700	1450	900	225/185	250/210
BT(N)-0.63-0.6-G	0,63	700	1750	900	260/215	290/345
BT(N)-0.8-0.6-G	0,80	800	1750	1000	290/240	320/270
BT(N)-1-0.6-G	1,0	800	2150	1000	395/330	432/370