A hip roof is a type of hip roof, in which two slopes are trapezoidal in shape, and the other two (end ones) are triangular (having the same name “hips”). If the end slopes occupy the entire area from the ridge to the eaves, it is a hip roof; if they do not reach the eaves, it is a half-hip roof.

The roof of a house performs a dual function - on the one hand, it is charged with protecting the building from external influences, and on the other, it is designed to decorate the structure and give it individuality.

Historically, in Russia preference was given to simpler single- and gable roofs, while Europeans prefer a hip or hip roof, which has advantages and disadvantages under certain conditions.

Hip roof - advantages and disadvantages

Pros:

• greater structural rigidity. Achieved by corner ribs connecting near the ridge support beam;

• the possibility of arranging more protruding overhangs, which provides additional protection house walls;

• aesthetic appeal.

Minuses:

• complexity of calculation and installation;
• higher cost of project implementation;
• area reduction attic space(in particular in the place where diagonal supports are installed);
• impossibility of installing an attic;
• natural light is only possible by installing windows in the roofing pie.

Since the shortcomings are not critical, the hip-type hip roof is actively practiced in modern construction private houses.

Varieties (types and types) of hip roof

When studying the structure of the hip roof rafter system, it should be taken into account that within this type, there are several types of structures. In turn, this makes adjustments to general process construction of the rafter system frame.

Classic hip roof

It is distinguished by the support of the diagonal ribs on the ridge support beam and the location of the overhangs at the same height. The individual elements of the hip roof correspond to a triangle (gables) and a trapezoid (slopes).

Hip hip roof

It is distinguished by the absence of a ridge support beam. This leads to the fact that all the diagonal ribs converge at a single point, and ordinary short rafters are already adjacent to them. This type of roof is preferred if the house has a square frame. But forming a reliable ridge assembly is quite difficult.

Half hip roof

It is distinguished by the presence of vertical gables in which windows can be installed. The picture shows the difference between the two varieties of floors. hip roofs(Dutch and Danish).

Sloping hip roof or mansard hipped roof

The most complex design in terms of construction is the hip roof truss system, since in this case, all roof slopes have different areas and diverge at different angles. A broken (attic) roof allows you to more rationally organize the internal roof space and, in addition to additional living space, give the house a spectacular appearance. appearance.

Hip roof design

Regardless of the type of roof, all types have the same elements of the hip roof rafter system:

ridge support beam or ridge beam - used for a classic hip roof, serves as a load-bearing element to which diagonal rafters are attached;

diagonal rafter (side, rib, slope or corner rafter) - a longer rafter leg that is attached to the end ridge beam at an acute angle, forming one side of a triangle;

central rafter - boards of the same length that adjoin the ridge beam and form the edges of the trapezoidal roof slope. Between them there are intermediate rafters;

intermediate or ordinary rafters - forms the plane of the trapezoidal slope, the distance between them determines the run of the rafter system;

sprig or short rafter - structural element, which is attached to a diagonal rafter, forms a triangular overhang and corner parts of trapezoids.

Hip roof calculation

The calculation of the hip roof truss system is carried out taking into account the following prerequisites:

• wind load in the region. The higher it is, the flatter the slope should be, and the stronger the entire structure. To level out strong winds, the central and diagonal rafters are made thicker;

• amount of precipitation. An inverse relationship is observed. The higher the amount of precipitation, the steeper the slope should be so that snow and rain do not create pressure on the rafter system;

• type of roofing material. Each type of roofing material puts forward its own requirements for the sheathing, and also has a certain weight. These factors must be taken into account at the design stage;

• the need for roof insulation. In this case, the rafter installation step is calculated taking into account the width thermal insulation material. In addition, the distance between the rafters depends on the type and section of the wood.

The calculation of roofing material is carried out using formulas taking into account the angle of inclination of the roof. Optimal slope roofs for roofing materials different types shown in the table:

The slope of the slope angle determines the position of the rafters. In turn, the position of the intermediate rafter is calculated as follows:

1. first on top harness a center line is applied to the end wall;
2. then half the thickness of the ridge beam is calculated, and the placement line of the first of the central intermediate rafters is drawn;
3. then the end of the measuring rod is aligned with the placement line of the central intermediate rafter marked above;
4. a line is drawn on the opposite end of the measuring rod internal contour side wall;
5. the resulting point is the position of the intermediate rafter.

The relationship between the length of the rafters and their laying is calculated using correction factor, the magnitude of which depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slope. The length of the rafter leg is determined by multiplying the laying by the coefficient.

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Formulas for calculating a hip roof

Ridge height
Ridge beam length	The length of the house minus its width
Central length rafters (trapezoid)		Pythagorean theorem
Length of ordinary rafters	Calculated similarly to the length of the central rafters
Rafter extension to form frame overhang
Tilt angle ordinary rafters
Diagonal length hip rafters
Narozhniki (short rafters)	First short rafter
	Second short rafter
Square hip roof

How to calculate the area of ​​a hip roof?

To know how much roofing material to buy, you need to know the total roof area.

To do this, you need to break the entire roof into simple components geometric figures and make a calculation for each of them.

Area calculation hip roof allows you to determine in advance not only the costs of purchasing roofing materials and installation, but also determine the requirements for materials, as well as the need for arrangement and the exact configuration of the sheathing.

Hip roof rafter system drawing

The result of the project development and calculations will be a diagram-drawing of the hip roof rafter system. There are no similar drawings that are ready for use without taking into account the features of a particular structure and the place where it was built.

You can develop a preliminary design yourself (a simple sketch will help determine the direction of the project). But, it is better to entrust the drawing to specialists or use special programs for calculations. It should be remembered that the more complex the roof structure, the more accurately you need to calculate the rafter system: configuration and materials. This will also affect the cost and duration of installation work.

The hip roof drawing must include an indication of the purpose of the material, its installation location and method of fastening. Key components of the hip roof rafter system, for example, the connection of diagonal supports to the ridge beam or installation rafter legs It is advisable to include them on the Mauerlat in a separate drawing and describe them in more detail.

Drawing of a hip roof (sloping rafters with emphasis on two purlins)

Drawing of a hip roof rafter system with a bay window

Having a schematic drawing will become good help during the manufacture of blanks and subsequent installation of the roof.

Tools for building a hip roof

The design of the roof and the methods for arranging the components determine the set of tools that should be prepared before starting work.

To work with wood you will need: a level, a hacksaw, a hammer, a tape measure, a marking cord, and a stapler.

To work with metal structures You will need an electric drill, a riveter, and cutting shears.

Tools and consumables must be prepared in advance, because... complex installation The hip roof rafter system requires a large number of cuts and installation of nails.

To simplify measurements and be able to make all parts the same size, craftsmen advise replacing the tape measure with a measuring rod. The measuring rod is made of plywood 50 mm wide, onto which the main dimensions are applied.

Hip roof material

The species and type of wood have a direct impact on durability and reliability roofing structure. Craftsmen advise giving preference to lumber or pine. All workpieces require pre-treatment with fire retardants and antiseptics.

In addition to wood, you will need metal fasteners, nails, screws, and anchor bolts.

Note. Forming a hip rafter system on wooden house, which can shrink, craftsmen advise using floating fasteners to connect the rafters to the Mauerlat. This method compensates for the movement of the crowns during the natural shrinkage of a house made of timber or logs.

Hip roof rafter system - installation technology

DIY rafter system devices step by step:

1. Preparation of blanks (rafters)

This is the most difficult and time-consuming part of construction, because... associated with:

• the need to ensure a given angle of inclination of the rafter legs;
• different lengths of rafters (short rafters);
• the presence of diagonal rafters (sloping), which are given Special attention. Due to their length, slanted rafters carry a greater load than the main rafters, and therefore require the use of higher quality lumber with a larger cross-section. In addition, the length of the diagonal rafters often exceeds standard length boards

In order not to buy different lumber, in practice the splicing (pairing) method is used. edged boards to obtain the specified length.

Advantages of rafter splicing technology:

• obtaining continuous beams of a given length;
• increasing the strength of the diagonal rafters of the hip roof due to the doubled cross-section;
• simplification of calculation and purchase of material (unification of dimensions: length and cross-section);
• the possibility of using boards designed to form ordinary rafters.

2. Mounting the Mauerlat

Mauerlat for a hip roof is wooden beam large section (100x100 or 100x150 mm) mounted along the perimeter of the walls. First grade wood is used for the Mauerlat.

The peculiarity of laying the Mauerlat is that the timber is connected along the length only with an overlap, but not end-to-end, using many connection points with the base of the wall. The connecting nodes are additionally reinforced with metal brackets.

Since the purpose of the Mauerlat is to serve as a support for the rafter legs, it needs protection from moisture. For this purpose, a hydraulic barrier is placed between the wall and the beam (for example, roofing felt is used).

Note. Under the Mauerlat in brick houses(or from aerated concrete, foam concrete, wood concrete) a reinforced concrete belt is poured in advance installed studs for installation of timber. The pin has a diameter of 10 mm or more and should protrude beyond the plane of the Mauerlat by 20-30 mm. The stud installation pitch is 1000-1200 mm.

3. Purlin installation

A purlin is a beam installed parallel to the sides of the mauerlat. The purlin serves as the basis for installing additional supports under the rafter legs. The installation of a purlin is not a mandatory stage of work and is performed only for hip roofs of a large area or those with a configuration of increased complexity. The location of the purlin is shown in the diagram.

It should be taken into account that the point maximum load will vary depending on the location - on the ridge of the hip or on the edge of the valley.

Note. The hipped hip roof is mounted without support, and a complex assembly is formed at the junction of the diagonal rafters.

4. Installation of support posts

The racks serve as a support when installing the ridge beam ( Orange color on the picture).

5. Installation of the ridge beam

Installation of the hip roof ridge is accompanied by precise measurements. Since the entire roof structure will rest on the ridge, the correctness of its installation is checked in terms of height and level.

6. Attaching rafter legs

Regarding the sequence of work at this stage, the opinions of the craftsmen differ. This makes it possible to distinguish two directions for performing work:

1. The central rafters are mounted, and then the diagonal ones. This procedure is simpler;
2. diagonal rafters are mounted, and then the rest.

During installation, the lower part of the rafter leg rests on the Mauerlat.

The support of rafters on a hip roof is shown in the diagram. The first option (with a cutout) is simpler, but the second (with a support beam) is preferable, because in this case, the fastening does not weaken the rafter.

Forming a knot on a ridge beam is possible in different ways.

Options for top fastening of diagonal rafters are shown in the diagram.

Advice. For rigidity, it is advisable to reinforce all nodes with metal elements (staples, plates, corners).

Since diagonal rafters bear a significant load, they can be strengthened using such means as:

• installation of the rack. Mounted vertically on the ceiling;
• installation of the strut. Mounted at an angle. The angle of inclination is not decisive. The ability of the brace to strengthen the diagonal rafter is important;
• truss Essentially, this is a T-shaped short beam rotated 180°. It is used on long spans and is installed so that its base is oriented perpendicular to the diagonal rafter.

7. Installation of ordinary rafters

The rows are installed similarly to the installation of the central rafters, which form the edges of the trapezoid. Their lower part rests and is attached to the mauerlat, and the upper part rests against the ridge beam. It is important to maintain the same distance between row rafters.

8. Installation of roof trusses (short rafters)

Spawners are made only from solid lumber. At the junction of the spigot and the long rafter, notches are made or support beams are installed. The installation site is additionally reinforced with metal elements.

Note. Installation of hip roof extensions is possible in staggered intervals to simplify installation.

In any case, the spigots are installed after formation power frame roofs. Their installation completes the work on installing the hip roof rafter system.

DIY hip roof step by step - video

The program shows the process of installing a rafter system for a gable hip roof with a central bay window along a short wall.

After rafter system When ready, you can begin installing the roof covering, the specifics of its fastening determine the need to install the sheathing on the rafter legs.

Installation of a hip roof truss system is a long process that requires attention to every stage of the work - from calculation and selection of material, to installation of parts and strengthening of fastening points. But, when correct execution all stages, the result will be a beautiful and reliable roof for a private home.

The last stage in the construction of the building frame is the construction of the roof. IN square houses Most often, a hip roof is installed. This is currently a fairly popular design. The “tent” erected at the top of the building has its advantages and disadvantages. One of the positive aspects is that you can build a hip roof yourself, without the help of specialists.

Features of a hip roof

The design of a hip roof is a combination of several slopes of a triangular (less often trapezoidal) shape. Their number may vary depending on architectural features buildings. The most common are hipped hipped roofs, but building owners can build a roof with more slopes.

The architecture of the building determines the shape of the roof with six slopes

Historians claim that the hipped version of the roof appeared in ancient times. Hut buildings primitive man look like a tent. Roofs in the form of tents are found in archeology in Mesopotamia, where the ancient Sumerians lived. Such designs of the upper part of buildings were used in temples and other religious buildings in later historical periods.

The classic version of a hip roof is a pyramid with a square base. The support of the roof slopes goes mainly to the walls of the building, sometimes going beyond their boundaries. Overhangs can protrude beyond the building by 400–500 mm, thereby protecting the architectural structure from the adverse effects of weather.

Most often in individual construction apply classic version hipped hipped roof

Differences between hip and hip roofs

Another name for a hip roof is an envelope roof. This type is a type of hip roof. An envelope with a rectangular base is the basis of a hip roof type, and a square is more often used in a hipped version.

The hip design is a combination of two slopes in the form of a trapezoid and two slopes in a triangular shape. Triangular slopes are connected in the tent roof.

A typical hip roof consists of two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes

If the hip roof has a ridge, then the hip roof is installed without this element. The tops of all slopes of the tent structure are connected at a single point. This occurs in the form of layering them on top of each other or attaching them to a separate support. There is no skate as such in this case.

Pros and cons of tent construction

1. The main advantage of a hip roofing structure is its confident resistance to gusty winds. The aerodynamic “abilities” of the roof are manifested in the fact that air currents They practically don’t get into the attic part; they go down the triangular slopes.
2. Another big advantage of a hip roof is the absence of gables. This is an excellent reason to save money, because construction and finishing materials for the roof you will need much less.
3. Many users of buildings with a hip roof note the rapid heating of the premises precisely thanks to this roof design. Rain and wastewater do not linger on the envelope of triangular slopes, but flow down. This extends the trouble-free service life of the roof.

But there is in the hip roof and negative points:

1. Complex frame design.
2. Small attic dimensions.
3. Large amount of waste building materials because of design features roofs.

Hip roof design diagram

When calculating and constructing a hip roof, it is imperative to have basic information about its constituent elements.

To properly design a hip roof, you need to know all the basic elements of its design.

The supporting part of the roof is the Mauerlat, placed around the perimeter of the building. It is attached to the walls of the building with outside. In brick houses, the Mauerlat can be mounted with inside. The material for this element of the roofing system is timber with a large cross-section. Sloping rafters are designed to form a roof angle, and it is thanks to them that the pyramidal shape of the roof is obtained. The most difficult part of a hip roof design is the ridge assembly. In the ridge unit, together with the slanted rafters, the central rafters are connected, which regulate the height of each slope. Parallel to the central rafters, sprouts are installed. They are always shorter than the central rafters and are laid at a certain distance from each other.

Photo gallery: options for installing a hip roof

The combination of different options for hipped roofs gives the house the features of a medieval castle. hipped roof you can fit an external attic balcony Hip roofs are often erected over capital gazebos The structure of a hip roof can rest on external pillars, forming a large canopy over the entrance Complex broken roofs of a hip design require masterly calculations and filigree execution techniques A square-shaped garage should be decorated with an elegant hip roof

Preparing for work

Before starting the construction of a hip roof, you should carefully study all available information about the construction of such a roof, prepare all materials and tools, having previously made calculations.

Calculation of materials

To make calculations, you need to acquire a special measuring rod. It can be built from plywood five centimeters wide. We will need the following parameters:

• length and width of the building;
• height of the ridge part.

The calculations themselves are not as complicated as they might seem at first glance:

All the necessary parameters of a hip roof can be calculated by referring to one of the online calculators that are easy to find on the Internet.

Required tools and materials

To install a hip roof, you should prepare the following tools:

1. Bulgarian.
2. Hand saw and gasoline saw.
3. Jigsaw.
4. Hammer.
5. Plane.
6. Electric drill.

For the construction of a hip roof, it is recommended to use only one type of wood. To fasten roofing elements, nails, dowels, steel brackets and self-tapping screws are required. You should also take care of the roofing material, the choice of which depends on the preferences of the developer and his financial capabilities.

We make our own hip roof

Despite the complexity of the hip roof design, it is quite possible to make this type of roof yourself.

The procedure for constructing a hip roof includes several sequential actions:

1. Creating a hip roof project and carrying out all the necessary calculations.
2. Purchasing the required materials and preparing tools.
3. Fastening the Mauerlat along the entire perimeter of the base of the building.
4. Installation of a support beam for rafters parallel to the Mauerlat ( permissible distance 450 cm between them).
5. Fastening diagonal elements, braces, struts to the base of the rafters.
6. Roof insulation.
7. Installation finishing roof And additional elements for drainage, ventilation, etc.

Carpentry professionals share tips that must be taken into account when building a hip roof:

• do not use wood of different species;
• do not collect load-bearing elements roofs made of slats measuring less than 150 by 50 mm;
• do not attach short parts to the support post of the ridge part, they are fixed in the corners;
• Be sure to use intermediate rafter legs (in the center of the roof).

Step-by-step instructions for erecting a hip roof

Let's consider the construction of a hipped eight-slope roof on specific example. The roof will be designed for a building measuring 10 by 10 meters with a partition in the middle (load-bearing structure).

1. We install power plates. To do this, we use timber with a cross-section of 100*150 or 150*150 mm) and fastening with studs (thread more than M12).

   The Mauerlat is laid around the perimeter of the building and attached to studs

2. We lay the floor and extension beams, moving from the center to the edges and maintaining the same distance between them (at least one meter or eighty centimeters).
3. Using timber 150 by 150 mm, we mount the central support post in the ridge part of the roof. At the same time, be sure to check the verticality using a plumb line and a rod. We fix the rack using temporary jibs, which are dismantled after installing the central rafters.

   Fastening devices for installing central and diagonal rafters are placed on the central support

4. Attach the four central rafters. These elements are “stitched together” metal corners or using nails.
5. We install diagonal rafters, observing the required slope. If these elements are joined in two parts, then additional support is provided at the junction of the parts. To reduce the load on the beams, it is advisable to move the fasteners of such racks to the load-bearing walls.
6. We lay and fasten ordinary rafters, the support is on the mauerlats and the support beam of the ridge part. The distance between the rafters is about 600 mm.
7. We attach the flanges, trying to maintain parallelism between them and the rafters. If the roof is mounted with extensions, then we make supports under the extensions in this part of the roof.

   Additional racks are used to secure and strengthen the structure in the places where the rigs are attached.

8. We make the sheathing using bars (50 by 50 mm) or boards 20–25 cm thick.
9. We lay materials for heat and waterproofing.

   The insulation is placed in a frame formed by rafters and sheathing

10. We sew the roofing material to the sheathing using self-tapping screws.
11. We hem the cornices, install gutters and ventilation elements.

    Hemming of eaves overhangs is carried out at the final stage of construction of a hip roof

Video: we build a hip roof ourselves

After weighing all the positive and negative aspects of using a hip roof, you can decide to build it yourself. The main thing is to calculate everything and follow the clear instructions given by construction professionals.

Any construction ends with the installation of a roofing system. What this roof will be like depends largely on the wishes of the owner and the features of the future building. In private houses or outbuildings (gazebo, summer kitchen etc.) more often a hip roof is installed. It looks good on houses in the form of a quadrangle, polygon or having rectangular shape. What do roof slopes look like:

• In houses whose walls are the same length, the roof has 4 slopes in the form of isosceles triangles;
• Multi-sided buildings (preferably with an even number of walls) have slopes in the form of isosceles triangles with a number equal to the number of walls;
• For rectangular houses, a hip roof consists of 2 triangular hips and 2 trapezoidal slopes.

In this article

Advantages and disadvantages of this type of roofing

Advantages:

• Retains heat better compared to other roofing systems, subject to equal thermal insulation;
• The influence of atmospheric phenomena is minimal. Hip roofs reliably protect the attic or attic space When a strong wind blows, the roofing material does not suffer and precipitation practically does not accumulate on it, but rolls down.
• Despite the apparent complexity of the rafter system design, you can easily build a roof yourself.

Along with the advantages, the hip roof also has disadvantages:

• It is necessary to know the features of installation of the rafter system;
• Small effective area attic floor.

Preparatory work and roof installation

Calculations

Before you start installing the roof, you need to carry out a calculation and find out geometric parameters and the roof area in order to then determine the number of all necessary materials. For convenience, you need to make a drawing that can then be used during construction. For this, the following parameters are defined:

• dimensions of the building;
• Depending on the roofing material used, precipitation and climate zone, determine the slope angle ( best option- this is 30-40 o);
• Determining the height of the ridge assembly (in the hip roof version, the ridge is the point at which the corner rafters converge). The Pythagorean Theorem is used for the calculation;
• The last thing that needs to be determined is the length of the rafters and the area of ​​​​all slopes. This will not be difficult to do thanks to the values ​​​​found in previous calculations.

The slopes of a rectangular hip roof will be with different angles tilt and this fact must be taken into account when calculating.

Purchasing materials

After making all the calculations, purchase the necessary materials:

In order for the hip roof to be installed with your own hands, you must remember to have tools, such as manual or electric saw, drill, grinder, plane, ax and hammer.

Installation of rafter system

Installation takes place before the ceiling is laid.

• Beams are laid along the entire perimeter of the building (they are called Mauerlat), onto which all the rafters will then be attached. The Mauerlat is secured using special pins. If the walls of the house are brick, then the mauerlat is located closer to the inside of the wall, and a waterproofing layer is laid between the brick and the mauerlat. On interior walls the bed is laid. This entire structure is designed to evenly distribute the load of the roof on the walls of the house.
• Install the beams that will be used as the ceiling.
• A beam is installed in the middle of the future roof, the thickness of which is 15x15 cm and the height is the accepted height of the ridge. It must be temporarily secured with several jibs, which are subsequently removed.
• Install hip rafters on the sides of all proposed slopes. Up rafter beams They are attached using corners and nails to the ridge, and below to the Mauerlat. After installing the hip rafters, “outtakes” are installed around the entire perimeter and strips for the cornices are installed.
• Diagonal rafters are installed. They are attached at the top, like the hip ones, to the ridge, and at the bottom to the “takeout” corner. How many corners a building has, so many diagonals need to be installed.
• It is advisable to install supports on load-bearing walls and additionally install slopes. These elements are necessary to enhance the rigidity of the roof.
• Sprigs of various lengths are attached. The sheathing and cornices are installed.
• After completing the installation of the rafter system and the sheathing and counter-lattice system, it is necessary to lay the roofing material and insulate the roof.

By following the instructions given, you will be able to implement your project and build a hip roof that will reliably protect you from any bad weather and will decorate your home.

Hip roof resembles a polygonal structure. You can do the installation of this type of roof with your own hands, but to do this you need to know the basic information and have the skills to use it electric tools. It is important to make a project with the correct calculations. And all connections are secured, as in any other types of roofs - using technology.

Types of roofs with specific shapes

There are several types of roofs with specific shapes:

These types are considered the most popular, but there are roofs with more complex design. They are less popular, for example: arched, spire-shaped, vaulted, folded and spherical. Each type has its own individual subtleties in installation, functionality and architectural design.

Hip roofing product It is considered one of the most frequently erected structures.

Description of the tent option

The hip roof has slopes in the form of a triangle, and all joints converge in one top point. The very minimum of triangles is 4 pieces, but there can be many more angles.

Ideally, the top of the structure is mounted strictly in the center, but if desired, this point can be moved to the side, which will make the structure unique. It turns out that one side of the roofing structure will become longer, and the other - shorter. Like a hip roof, the rafter system can also be divided according to the installation method:

1. Hanging. The design does not include support points, and the rafters are mounted with a small span.
2. Layered. On the inner and outer sides of the wall there should be support points spaced 450 cm apart.

The choice of installation method does not affect the appearance. The design itself can be done as follows:

1. Broken. This type of construction is suitable for attics. But with this option, the slope of the slope changes downwards. The angle will become smaller.
2. Endovaya. This roofing element is an additional part of the bay window.
3. Attic. In this case, the attic is located on the roof slopes.

The structure looks like a tent, hence the name.

Pros and cons of the design

Any design has its positive and negative sides:

But, despite the complexity of installation and the extra consumables, a hip roof will pay off. For example, gable roof gazebos will look much worse than a tent.

Roofing elements of the product

Standard technology requires the presence of the following parts, without which it is impossible to complete construction:

Auxiliary parts for the rafter system are purlins, crossbars, supports, and beds. They are intended to further strengthen all connections on the roof. If the climate of the region is windy, then you cannot do without them.

Before such work, a drawing is always created in which everything is already calculated and sized in advance.

This type of tent structure involves assembling all elements in order:

It is important to follow the sequence of work and not jump from one stage to another. Otherwise, the quality of the roofing structure may decrease.

Installing the system yourself

Installing a rafter system for such a roof is considered a difficult task. Therefore, everything must be calculated accurately. In this case, the ceiling is done only after the construction of the structure, but not before. Step-by-step installation is as follows:

To install diagonal beams, it is recommended to maintain a right angle. It is necessary to make the correct calculation of the rafter beams in order to obtain an overhang for arranging the box. To lengthen the rafter legs, “fillies” are used, which lengthen the beams.

The process of creating a roof

The pie layer of a hip roofing product looks like this:

If the installation technology is followed and all layers are completed properly, then a normal microclimate will be formed in the room.

Installation of vapor barrier, sheathing and waterproofing

There are two ways to install sheathing: for hard and soft roofing. In the first case, it is allowed to make a small gap between the boards, and in the second - use chipboard sheets, since the material for covering the roof will be built-up. According to the standard, the thickness of the boards should be 25 mm and the width 150 mm. But under the sheathing a layer of vapor barrier is first laid.

You can choose a special membrane as waterproofing. But you can also use regular roofing felt. In the first case, the material is of better quality and the service life is longer. Eat different variants: breathable, insulating and others. Waterproofing layer it is secured with a stapler and overlapped by 10 cm. An outlet of 15 cm must be left at the bottom.

To prevent condensation from inside the roof, special films are used, which are sold at any hardware store. For example, you can use polyethylene, special membranes or propylene coating. Fastening is done using a stapler. The sheathing is installed, and the cells are filled with insulating material - foam plastic or mineral wool.

Features of insulation of the structure

The hip roof must be insulated in any case. Mineral wool, polystyrene foam and penoplex are considered the main insulation materials. If the product will be insulated with mineral wool, then the sheets must be placed in the compartments between the rafters from top to bottom.

It is important to prevent cracks from appearing. If possible, use a stapler for fastening. This procedure is performed over the entire area. For high reliability, you should choose a material that meets the following requirements:

Roofing installation

For hip roof Do not lay the roof covering one degree at a time, for example:

• flexible tiles are installed at a slope of 8-18 degrees;
• asbestos-cement materials are installed at 14-16 degrees;
• metal tiles are installed at a slope of 30-60 degrees.

In addition to the main roofing materials, specific types can be used, for example, reed and reed options. The reliability and durability of such a roof is reduced to a minimum, especially if the region is in harsh climatic conditions.

Mainly for complex shape Roofs use flexible and metal tiles. The material is significantly more expensive, but has a long service life. In the first case, a special gas-burner. The material is fused by heating flexible tiles and roof bases. And in the second case, the sheets are secured using a screwdriver and self-tapping screws. Coating is always done from the bottom up.

The waste of the roofing covering will be large, since the roof has a shaped shape and trimming is indispensable. This must be taken into account when calculating material consumption.

If the work will be carried out alone, then you should be patient and strong. After all, at all stages of assembling a roofing product, you will have to support a beam somewhere or supply a roofing sheet. Therefore, it is advisable to include another person in the work who will help in difficult situations. However, if such a roof is intended for a small gazebo, then in this case you can cope on your own.

A hipped roof is a roof that has a hipped roof covering. It consists of identical triangular slopes, necessarily isosceles, connecting in the center. Maintaining symmetry is the main thing in constructing such a roof.

In its outline, this type of roof is similar to a tent, hence the name. Since the hip roof has a similar geometry to a tetrahedral pyramid, such a roof is often called pyramidal(pyramid roof).

Most often, a hip roof is erected over square-shaped buildings. Sometimes, when constructing a hip roof, a larger number of slopes are used, the main thing is that in appearance it resembles a pyramid or a polygon with equal sides.

This is one of the varieties hipped roofs. In terms of design and construction features, it is very similar to a hip roof: it also has no gables, and the eaves overhang runs at the same level along the entire perimeter of the building.

According to historians, the appearance of a roof in the form of a tent goes back centuries; even the huts of primitive people resembled tents in shape. Excavations carried out in Mesopotamia, where one of the most ancient developed states once existed, show that even the ancient Sumerians erected buildings with roofs in the form of tents, such roofs were especially often used on religious buildings: temples, temples, chapels. Hip roofs can also be found on ancient towers and castles, where the structures strongly resemble a steep slope.

Currently, such roofs are often used in the construction of cottages, gazebos and other low-rise buildings.

Design

The design features of this type of roof include the arrangement of the rafter system; it is designed in two ways:

Hanging rafter system is as follows: the rafter beams rest directly on the walls, creating horizontal pressure; this system requires a system of special ties. Used if the roof spans have big sizes, and the installation of supports is not provided for in the project.

Layered method more popular, but for its execution you need to have load-bearing wall, indoors. It bears the main load, but there is practically no pressure on the walls when constructing a roof in this way.

The hip-shaped roof has whole line benefits worth mentioning:

• for buildings with a hip roof, pediments are not provided, which greatly reduces the consumption of materials and work for the construction of pediments and hemming of eaves;
• a roof of this type has excellent aerodynamic properties and is not afraid of strong winds, and the design features will prevent precipitation from entering the attic;
• the surface of such a roof is heated by the sun's rays from several sides at once; on sunny days, the room under an uninsulated roof will be warmer;
• The slopes of such a roof are located at a certain angle, which helps drain rainwater and melting snow from the roof.

But, like every design, this roof also has a number of disadvantages:

• a hip roof is quite complex to design and construct, but upon completion of construction, its rich appearance and ease of use often hide this drawback;
• the design of this roof is replete with a large number of connections, beams and rafters, it is necessary to strictly monitor the reliability of all components and connections in order to avoid loss of rigidity and plane shape during the construction of the roof;
• cost of construction - to install such a roof, as a rule, it is necessary to hire professionals in their field, which always increases the cost of the construction process;
• an attic or attic, built under a tent-shaped roof, is significantly smaller in size than a room under a gable roof;
• large waste when using most roofing coverings(especially ).

Popularity

The use of hip roofs in our time has received enough widespread, they are used not only in private construction, but also in the construction of all kinds of modern buildings. They are also used to decorate buildings intended for entertainment centers or expensive restaurants. Such a roof gives any building extravagance and exoticism.

More complex buildings are designed based on a hip roof. Currently, gable elements, dormer windows and elements of other types of roofs are added to a tent-based structure in unlimited quantities. Parts of hip roofs are cut in, complicating the structure and giving it a more beautiful and elegant look.