So that the foundation of the house does not collapse due to the influence of moisture contained in the soil, it is imperative to make a drainage system. To save money, it is recommended to build a drainage well for sewerage with your own hands or seek help from specialists.

What kind of drainage wells are there?

Drainage wells can be:

rotary;
viewing;
collector;
absorbent.

Features of rotary wells

As a rule, during the operation of the sewer system, contamination occurs, which often accumulates in perforated pipes. To clean them, you will need to install pivot-type wells. They are installed at the bends of pipes, with a pass through one. Thus, access to the inlet and outlet section of the pipe is provided.

Installation of a concrete drainage well

The size of such a structure will depend on whether a person needs access to the inside of the well in order to carry out repair actions. Thus, the approximate diameter of the well should be about one meter, only it will already be considered an inspection one.

Inspection type of wells

Drainage observation structures are made in order to control the operation of the sewerage system. This design is distinguished by the large size of the mine, that is, it must be of sufficient size for easy access by a person who will monitor the state of the sewage system. If necessary, repair and maintenance work will be carried out.

installation of a plastic drainage well

A structure of this type is designed to perform several actions at once, it can also be rotary, since it is also installed at the point of convergence of several pipes or at their turning point.

Absorption type of wells

These structures can also be called filtering structures, since they are most often installed in an area where there is a need to drain it, while there is no possibility of outputting currents to the general sewer system. In such cases, the depth of the wells will be approximately two meters.

For a device of such a design, a certain technology must be observed:

first, a hole of the required size is dug;
a layer of gravel is laid on its bottom and a container is placed inside, it can be a pipe with a diameter of 50 cm;
when this pipe is installed, broken brick, crushed stone, slag or medium-sized gravel are poured into it;
gravel is made around this filled structure;
thus, a good and high quality drainage tank is obtained. On top of it, you need to cover it with geotextile material and lay a layer of earth. As a result of these actions, a structure is obtained with the help of which the natural drainage of wastewater into the ground is carried out.

the principle of operation of the absorption drainage well

Collector wells

Such structures can also be called intake facilities, since this is the last compartment of a closed drainage system. In this well, water is collected and accumulated, which will subsequently be pumped out into a previously prepared depression, ditch or artificial reservoir.

installation and selection of a collection well

Typically, such containers are built from ready-made sealed plastic wells, which are equipped with a waterproof bottom.

What materials may be required for the device of a drainage structure?

Like pipes, drainage wells can differ in material of manufacture and size. Most often, plastic or concrete is used for the production of such structures:

to implement the second option, concrete rings are used, the height and diameter of which may be different. Installation of the structure is carried out in a pre-prepared hole, while the rings are lowered carefully with the help of special equipment. In this case, the main advantage will be in the strength and durability of the structure, and the disadvantage is the laboriousness of installation work;
now plastic counterparts are successfully replacing concrete wells, since they are easier and faster to install. Also, the advantages include low cost, low weight and the presence of all the required bends. Plastic drainage wells do not corrode and can successfully serve for at least 50 years. For high-quality and reliable supply of pipes, rubber seals are used, which retain their tightness for decades. Since the use of a corrugated pipe is envisaged, the device will be reliably fixed in the ground due to its stiffening ribs.

How to build a drainage tank?

Drainage structures ready-made for the construction of a well are characterized by ease of installation, reliability and good quality. The main disadvantage of finished wells is their high cost, in particular, this applies to products with a diameter of 800-1000 mm. To save money, you can build such a structure yourself.

drainage tank construction

For the manufacture of a drainage structure, it is required to acquire corrugated pipes of the appropriate diameter:

for the construction of inspection wells, a pipe diameter of 340 mm or 460 mm is suitable, this is quite enough to ensure manual cleaning of the sewer system by means of water pressure from a hose;
to make a storage or filtering tank, pipes with a diameter of 575 or 695 mm will be required;
if there is a need to periodically penetrate inside the well to carry out repair and maintenance work, then you need to buy pipes with a diameter of 925 mm.

In addition to plastic corrugated pipes, you also need to buy rubber seals of a suitable diameter, a hatch and plastic for the bottom device.

In order to save money, you can buy the components separately.

During the assembly and installation of the storage facility, a certain sequence should be observed:

holes are cut in the well for piping and installing rubber seals;
the bottom of the well is mounted. Experts recommend treating the bottom of the structure with bitumen mastic, so that the bottom of the well will be protected from leaks;
using crushed stone and sand, you need to make a base in a drainage ditch, after which it is poured with cement;
a ready-made structure is installed on the prepared bottom. To prevent the risk of leaking the structure, it is recommended to coat the drainage pipes with bitumen mastic;
the tank is filled with crushed stone and sand, after which the base is tamped and laid for the hatch device. The hatch is placed in a pre-prepared cement frame.

The presence of a hatch is a prerequisite, as it is necessary to carry out cleaning of the drainage system. The service life of the structure directly depends on the correct manufacture and installation of the well.

Step-by-step construction of a well

When all the materials have already been purchased and prepared, you can start installation work:

First, the pipe must be cut to length, taking into account the depth of the drainage well.
It is necessary to cut the holes for the piping, retreating 50 cm from the lower edge of the pipe. Rubber cuffs are inserted into these holes.
The bottom of the well is fixed, while the junction must be treated with a bitumen-based sealing compound.
To install the well, you need to prepare a pit in advance, at the bottom of which cement mortar is poured.
The structure can be installed only after the cement has completely solidified, after which drainage pipes are supplied to it.
The space formed between the walls of the pit and the structure must be covered with sand and gravel.
A hatch is placed on top of the installed tank.

Features of the installation of plastic wells

As a rule, ready-made plastic structures are not cheap, so you won't be able to save much. The only thing that can be done is to buy individual elements of the required size and diameter yourself. So, you need to prepare:

corrugated pipe of the corresponding diameter;
plastic for the bottom device;
rubber seals. For the device of a storage or filtration well, a pipe with a diameter of 695 or 575 mm is required.

In the process of installing a drainage well with your own hands, it is important to adhere to a certain algorithm:

the corrugated pipe must be cut taking into account the depth of the well. Further, it is required to make holes in it for connecting perforated pipes, which are connected using rubber seals;
a ditch is dug, at the bottom of which a layer of gravel with sand is laid. After that, the structure is filled with cement mortar and covered with geotextile material;
at the next stage, the bottom is installed, which is connected to the pipe, while the docking place must be treated with bituminous mastic;
now it is possible to bring the drainage pipes to the structure, and the joints should also be smeared with a sealing compound;
it is imperative to install a pump that will pump out the collecting water;
the resulting voids around the well must be covered with fine gravel;
at the last stage of work, the roof is mounted.

Let's sum up

An essential part of the drainage system is a drainage tank. It is installed in order to monitor the operation of the entire system, it is also necessary to carry out repair and preventive measures.

To simplify the installation process of the structure, you can buy a finished product that will not be cheap, but if this is not possible, you can build it yourself. For this, pipes made of plastic or rings of concrete of the required diameter are used.

In fact, building a drainage structure is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. It is enough to purchase the necessary set of parts and adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.

In order to design and build any type of sewer system, it is necessary to collect the necessary set of materials. To monitor the performance of the sewerage system, special systems are used - wells. Their role is very important in the sewage system, as it is through them that the system is cleaned.

This article will be considered, because most of them are made of different materials and come in all sizes.

Construction and structure of sewer wells

As a rule, the structure of a well for sewerage has a typical structure:

Manhole cover (upper part of the well);
Neck;
Camera;
Mine;

Depending on the material and which the well is made, there may be different sizes of products. The shape of the underground chamber is determined from the type of underground utilities.

The dimensions and type of the well are determined based on the requirements that are presented for the communications that will be connected to the well. As a rule, the height of the working chamber of the well is 180 centimeters.

The well shaft is made in the form of a circular cross-section. Most of the wells have a ladder so that you can conveniently descend into them. Be sure to cover each well with a lid. It is needed so that debris, dirt does not fall inside the well, and also so that someone does not fall into it.

Often on the news you can hear talk about an animal or a person falling into an uncovered well. That is why it is strictly forbidden to use a sewer well without a cover.

How to calculate the correct size of a sewer well?

For pipes that have a diameter of up to 300 millimeters, round wells with a diameter of up to 1 meter are used. In this case, the working chamber of the well must have a diameter of at least 700 millimeters.

If the diameter of the pipes is more than 300 millimeters, then it is recommended to install concrete wells, which have a bottom diameter of up to one meter. In this case, choose a rectangular bottom. With such a construction, it will be convenient to make holes for the pipeline.

Advice! When installing the well, it is necessary to ensure that the angle between it and the pipes is no more than 90 degrees. If the installation of wells with drops is carried out, then this figure can be changed. If pipes of different diameters are connected to the well, then they are connected along pipe lines.

The main types of sewer wells

To date, the following types of wells are distinguished:

Corner well
Through well
Swivel sewer well
Control well
Station well

The main tasks to be performed by the structure in further work are determined on the basis of the installation of the well.

The main and paramount task for any sewer hatch is to monitor the entire operation of the sewer system.

With the help of sewer wells, you can also perform tasks such as:

Reducing the distance in an adjacent system;
Elimination of the difference in the inlet and outlet pipes;
System cleaning;
Collection of dirt and waste that is collected in wells.

Sewer inspection wells

Currently, viewing sewer wells are divided into the following types:

Linear well - installed in three sections of the entire sewer system. The main thing is that the system has a forward direction.
Swivel well - installed in places where the direction of the system changes.
Nodal well - performed to connect several sewerage systems.
Control well - designed to connect the yard, quarter and street sewer networks.

In order to install a linear well, you do not need to have certain skills. Installation is quick and easy. The length of the well depends on the diameter of the pipe.

Helpful information! The minimum length is 35 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of no more than 150 millimeters are used. The maximum system length can be up to 300 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of more than 2000 millimeters are used.

The rotary well is a kind of point where the maintenance of the well is carried out, taking into account the cleaning of the system with high water pressure.

Swivel wells are installed at each bend in the swivel pipe. Why do you need to do this? The fact is that rotary wells provide better access and make it possible to service the supply pipe.

Drop wells are a separate item. Their main purpose is to level the level of the supply pipe.

Drop wells are performed in order to reduce the depth of the pipeline that is buried in the ground. The drop well limits the maximum permissible flow rate.

The main types of drop wells

Depending on what kind of design the differential well has, the following varieties are distinguished:

Differences in which there is a drainage of water of a practical profile. There is a stilling well in the downstream;
Tubular drops. Such wells have different designs, but they are all united by a single element - a vertical pipe;
Drops that have a baffle-weir wall;
Chess multistage swings. They have different designs. Ying design feature - each step extinguishes the energy of the flow;
Fast flow wells. They have small channels with a large slope.

Basic sanitary requirements for the arrangement of drop-off sewer wells

According to the conditions of sanitary requirements, when installing a sewer system using pipes with a diameter of no more than 600 millimeters, it is not necessary to install a differential well.

When a sewer system is being installed, the height of the drops of which is up to 3 meters, it is necessary to install tubular drops.

Celebrated! At the beginning of the network, a flushing well is installed. It will serve to flush the network in those places where the flow is weakest.

You can install a conventional inspection well, which will play the role of a flushing well. Sometimes they use special structures that are equipped with a water supply.

It is necessary to know all the design features of the well, as well as its elements that are part of the well. The well must be marked. Do not neglect labeling.

Most often, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are used, which are performed in accordance with GOST 8020-56. Round concrete wells have diameters: 700, 1000, 1250 and 1500 millimeters. Accordingly, hatches are selected according to GOST 3634-91.

Materials for sewer wells

From modern manufacturers today you can get sewer wells, which are made of different materials.

Reinforced concrete, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and fiberglass are used.

Rectangular and round wells are produced. Most often, round wells are used for sewage.

What is the purpose of waterproofing wells?

Despite the fact that there is always moisture in the well, it must have reliable waterproofing. First of all, you need to protect the well as much as possible from external sewage water entering it.

Today you can choose one of several dozen well waterproofing. If a reinforced concrete well is being performed, then any material on the market can be bought as waterproofing. These are special formulations. It is important to study the instructions for using waterproofing before starting work.

Little advice! In order to insulate the seams of a concrete well, it is necessary to use a special mixture for this purpose.

Before applying a layer of waterproofing, it is necessary to prepare the concrete structure. The loose surface is removed, it is cleaned and dried with a brush. A metal brush is used. If there are places where water flows, an indentation is made in the form of a "swallow's tail". 5 centimeters deep, it is laid with a mixture for waterproofing.

Special attention is paid to waterproofing at the joints. Professionals advise to additionally moisturize the joints. Then after a while you need to fill them with a special solution.

Only then do they begin to apply waterproofing to the entire surface of the well. It is recommended to carry out several layers of waterproofing at once. At least three layers are used. The first layer should dry for about a day. Apply one layer every day.

Advice! When the well is waterproofed within three days, it is necessary to exclude the load on the well, and also to prevent the influence of low temperatures on the well. It is important to remember that the surface must be slightly moistened for all three days. A spray bottle is usually used. You can simply cover the well with plastic. Moisture will not come out of the well and its concentration will increase.

It takes at least two weeks to complete the internal waterproofing of the well.

As a result, we can say that, despite the variety of drop wells, they are used for other purposes. For example, a well can be used to wash away sediment that collects in the system if the flow rate and flow rate in the pipes is rather low.

From a practical point of view, it is worth noting that it is best to use wells that are made of lightweight materials. The fact is that a well made of concrete is heavy. In turn, its installation will require a unit of lifting equipment, as well as transport for delivery to the work site. In order to connect pipes to a concrete well, it is necessary to additionally make holes, which must then be well sealed.

Plastic and PVC wells do not have such disadvantages. You can easily install them yourself. A well on the roof of a car can easily be brought to the site in a country house. No need to make pipe holes. They are already provided there. Wells of their plastic come in absolutely any size and design, which clearly makes them more attractive against the background of concrete structures. The service life of a plastic well has a long service life, while a concrete product has a limited service life.

Today in the construction hypermarket you can find several types of wells. The cost of a plastic well will be an order of magnitude higher than that of a concrete one, but the advantages of the first are obvious. If a convenient and reliable sewerage system is required, then the best building materials must be used.

Most of the work on the arrangement of sewer wells can be done independently. Clear instructions and prescriptions must be followed. This way you can save a lot of money on calling the wizard. However, if you are not sure that you will be able to do everything yourself, you can always turn to professional plumbers for help, who will help you quickly and efficiently complete all the work. They have a certain work experience and the necessary set of tools and equipment that will participate in the performance of all work.

There are several main types of such structures, these are:

Either of these designs is easy to install. The main thing is to study the norms and requirements for installation work. But, if we talk about sewer systems in private houses, then in most cases one of the last two versions of wells is mounted here.

They, in turn, are divided into several types depending on the material from which they are made:

As a conclusion, we note that the most widespread are wells made of reinforced concrete rings. The construction of such a septic tank will take about 10 days, but it will be quite simple and economical.

How to determine the location of the well when installing it yourself

When thinking about how to make a sewer well, the first thing you should pay attention to is its location.

It plays an important role in preserving the ecology and health of residents, because in the event of a breakthrough in the structure, wastewater will flow into the ground or come out when the septic tank is overfilled or the system is silted up.

Sewer well location diagram

Particularly complex calculations in this case are not needed, all norms are stipulated in the corresponding section of SNiP.

So the sewer well should be located:

no closer than 5 meters to a residential building;
further 1 meter from outbuildings;
no closer than 30 meters to wells or wells with drinking water;
50 meters from the reservoir;
20 meters from the garden or vegetable garden;
not closer than 3 meters to the fence of the site or the highway.

Consider the lowland location of the well

In this case, the sewer well should be located on the lowest area of the land plot.

So it is possible to ensure the proper slope of the pipes with a minimum amount of land work, to make the operation of the sewage system stable.

The drains will move by gravity. Otherwise, you will have to use pumping equipment.

How to correctly calculate the size of a sewer well

If everything is clear with the distance from the well to the objects located at the summer cottage, then in order to determine the size of the well, you will have to perform several calculations.

Take, for example, a family of three living in a home permanently. The volume of the well will be calculated as follows: V = n * q * 3.

Decoding of values:

Calculation of the volume of a well from concrete rings

V is the volume of the well;
n is the number of residents of the house;
q is the average volume of water consumed by one person;
3 - the number of days during which a full cycle of wastewater treatment takes place using natural processes.

Substituting digital values, we get: V = 3 * 200 * 3. So, the volume of the well should be 1800 liters or 1.8 m 3.

Dimensions and location according to SNiP

If the well will be built from concrete rings, we need to know its depth by choosing a suitable diameter.

For example, let's take rings with a diameter of 1 meter. Then the height of the well should be 2.3 meters.

The calculation was carried out as follows: h = V / 0.25 / 3.14. 0.25 is the radius squared. 3.14 is a constant.

Calculation of the volume of a square well

If the well has a rectangular cross-section, where each side is 1 meter, its depth will be 1.8 meters. The calculation was carried out according to the formula: h = V / (1 * 1).

How to complete the construction of a sewer well

You can make a well for sewerage with your own hands from any materials: tires, barrels, bricks, reinforced concrete rings.

But, given the popularity of septic tanks made of reinforced concrete rings, consider the topic using their example.

The installation will be built in this way:

Construction of a sewer well

dig a pit 50 cm deeper and wider than the estimated dimensions of the well itself;
compact the bottom, lay a 10 cm high sand cushion on it;
lower the concrete base;
lower the first concrete ring into the pit, seal its joint with the bottom with cement or a bitumen mixture;
make a hole for the drain pipe at a height of 60 cm from the bottom;
connect the sewer pipe;
lower the second ring. Fasten it with metal brackets, treat the seams with cement or seal with rubber waterproofing tape;
install a ceiling with a hole for the hatch;
perform the installation of the hatch.

So you can quickly equip a sewer well with your own hands.

The technology for arranging sewer wells has been worked out to the smallest detail and documented. Building codes prescribe a basic series of codes, which must comply with the work carried out. In particular, SNiP is numbered 2.04.03-85 and is called “Sewerage. External networks and facilities ". The document regulates the location of various types of structures, dimensions and requirements for the structures being erected.

Regardless of the purpose, private or public, the installation of sewer wells must be carried out according to the rules and requirements. For example, the observation object must be located in front of the entrance of the local sewer to the centralized sewer, outside the red line of the building.

It is especially important to know that, according to SNiP, inspection wells with pipelines up to 150 mm in size are arranged every 35 m, at 200 - after 50 m of direct-flow pipeline sections. In addition, the installation of structures is shown when:

Rotational changes in the water flow system;
When the diameter of the pipeline changes or there is a slope;
At the points of entry of additional branches.

Documents regulating the requirements: for reinforced concrete products - GOST 2080-90, for polymer structures - GOST-R # 0260760. Manufacturers offer technical specifications for plastic structures, complementing the existing regulations.

Stone structures can be made of precast, monolithic concrete, reinforced concrete mixtures, bricks. Filtering structures are made of rubble stone. For the manufacture of polymer structures, it is permissible to use polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene of the required density (PE).

Important! Models can be made from a combined material.

Dimensional rulers, wells arrangement works

Sewer wells according to SNiP should have the following dimensions:

Pipelines up to 150 mm in diameter - not less than 70 mm;
Diameter up to 600 mm - from 1000 mm;
Diameter size up to 700 mm - from 1250 mm;
Diameter 800-100 mm - from 1500 mm;
Diameters from 1500 mm and above and a depth of 3 m and above are subject to individual consideration.

Volumes are not separately regulated, everything should be calculated from the depths and diameters specified on the diagrams. As for the work, the general cycle includes both preparatory actions, installation and completion.

Breakdown or marking of the territory, according to the rules of construction;
Cleaning the area from shrubs, vegetation;
Demolition / relocation of disturbing structures. The impossibility of action is stipulated by special standards;
Preparation and arrangement of the entrance, the road to the construction site.

Arrangement and installation of a sewage system, typical preparatory work for SNiP:

Excerpt from the pit;
Bottom cleaning;
Reconciliation with the project for the level of laying, the angles of the slopes of the walls;
For stone structures, the arrangement of a waterproofing bottom layer, as shown by the diagram or plan (a layer of at least 20 cm), followed by tamping.

All preparatory work has been completed and the next stage is installation.

Stone wells

The steps and actions are as follows:

Preparation of the base involves laying a slab or arranging a cushion made of M-50 concrete with a thickness of 100 mm;
Arrangement of a concrete tray reinforced with steel mesh (M-100) of the desired shape;
Sealing the end holes of the pipeline with concrete and bitumen;
Creation of an insulating layer of the inner cavity of the rings of the structure;
The rings are installed only after the tray is hardened (2-3 days), then the floor slab is placed. The solution used for work - M-50;
Sealing of joints with a cement mixture;
Waterproofing with bitumen;
Obligatory plastering of the tray with cement, followed by ironing;
Installation of clay tool joints at the entry point of pipes / pipes with a width of at least 300 mm and a height of 600 mm greater than the diameter of the pipeline.

Subsequent test work takes place during the day and includes the complete filling of the structure with water, blocking the pipeline with temporary plugs. If no leaks are detected, the well walls are backfilled, a blind area of 1.5 m is equipped, the joints are insulated with a hot bitumen mixture - the SNiP work has been completed, the system can be put into operation.

The installation schemes for brick structures practically repeat the concrete ones, but instead of combining the rings, a stone is laid out. Waterproofing works are completely identical. Thus, the installation of stone wells of any type of sewerage is carried out: domestic, industrial, stormwater or drainage. But each design has its own nuances:

The stormwater drain is equipped with lattice hatches that have a catchment function;
Drainage wells are themselves drainage systems, so installation does not require special calculations.

The differences in equipment are determined by the series:

KFK / KDK - domestic waste water;
KLV / KLK - storm drain;
KDV / KDN - drainage wells.

The table by sizes gives a complete picture:

Drop wells

A more complex configuration determines the volumes and requirements of SNiP for differential wells. In addition to the tray device, it is necessary to produce:

Installation of risers;
Have pond equipment;
Install a water wall;
Create a practical profile;
Equip the pit.

Otherwise, as for the installation of the shaft, foundation, floors - the rules are the same with the previous ones.

Important! An exception is the riser drop well - it is required to install a metal pipe in the base, which will exclude the destruction of the concrete structure.

The diagram looks like this:

Riser pipe;
Waterproof pillow;
Metal base (plate);
Receiving funnel (riser).

The funnel is required for compensatory discharge processes formed in the riser due to the rapid movement of flows. It is not recommended to create differential wells on private plots with your own hands, unless it is a pipeline with a diameter of 60 cm and a level difference of up to 3 m, but such pipes are practically not used in individual systems, which can be successfully replaced with other types of wells.

SNiP requirements for drop wells are simple, installation is recommended in the following cases:

It is necessary to significantly reduce the depth of the pipeline;
If there are intersections with other underground utilities;
It is necessary to adjust the flow rate of wastewater;
In the case when the well is the last one before the direct discharge of wastewater into the river, lake.

The same reasons can serve as a reasonable excuse for installing a drop well on your own site.

Arrangement of pipeline inlets into the well

Depending on the conditions of a particular place and soil, the entrance parts to the well are executed in different ways. Installation on dry ground is easier, as only two types of materials are regulated: cement and asbestos-cement mixture. For wet soil, the installation requires a resin strand and waterproofing materials. But both methods are designed only for soils without subsidence.

On moving soils SNiP installed movable joints: winding pipes by means of flexible plastic insulating packing. If you deviate from the rules, you can insert a metal sleeve into the opening of the hatch and already inside to arrange a packing of waterproofing material.

Polymer wells

Being a fairly new alternative replacement for stone wells, plastic structures are successfully used to create structures, however, so far only in private households.

Installation is not regulated by SNiP, but only in accordance with TU, therefore, the installation does not require functional features. An important difference between the simplest wells of in-yard networks is simplicity, a large volume of water flow and the strength of the material. In addition to other advantages, polymer structures can be reduced in size, for example, a concrete well of 1 m can be replaced with a plastic one with diameters of only 30 cm. Despite the small volumes, maintenance will be even much easier than a stone well.

There are also enough other advantages:

Easy installation;
Small costs for digging pits, pits - smaller sizes do not require large excavation of land;
Outlets and tray designs are clearly defined by standards, pre-cast, and therefore no need for additional equipment or fabrication;
Materials for the manufacture of wells are indicated above, polymer structures are combined with any pipes made of plastic, cement, asbestos.

That is why you should once again pay attention to the choice before starting the installation of the sewer hatch. All installation schemes are simple, SNiP clearly indicates the installation requirements, the size of the trays, the recommended volumes. But at the same time, the owner will be able to save on related work, the purchase of equipment and time costs.

Summer cottages, where it is not necessary to equip many wells, build a tray for each, it is more practical to equip with polymer structures. Modest in size, they do not lose their functionality and practicality.

Sewerage wells are a must in every urban area. Without sewerage, there would simply be nowhere to remove wastewater. Today, the device of sewer wells has been worked out to the smallest detail and fixed in SNiP. This document contains standards for the arrangement of tanks for the accumulation of water and installation work. Also documented are the places where the sewer pits can be placed. Regardless of where the structure is located, its arrangement must be carried out in accordance with the established rules.

What is a sewer drain made of?

The device of a sewer well is a topical issue when carrying out construction work or arranging a sewer system in a certain area of the terrain. The structure of a sewer well assumes the following parts:

The bottom of the tank is the lower part of the entire device in direct contact with wastewater.
A mine is a part of a structure almost two meters long, an internal cavity in which, as a rule, repair work is carried out.
The working chamber is part of the system in which repair work related to pipes is carried out.
Neck - the upper, visible part of the container with an opening at the top for the lid.
Manhole - the closing part of the structure, the cover of the sewer pit, which prevents foreign objects, animals or people from entering the container.

This design is general and may differ slightly in some versions. The well cannot be designed according to an individual plan, it must necessarily comply with the standards set forth in SNiP.

Varieties of sewerage tanks

Types of sewer wells include several types of structural design for a water drainage tank. It is possible to divide the structures into several types, depending on the principle of the construction of sewage wells.

Inclined

Differential sewer wells are structures that are installed in those places where there is a need to change the intensity of the wastewater flow. Drop wells can be installed in certain situations:

if there is a risk of a change in the flow rate;
if the sewer crosses the highway;
when laying another pipeline;
also, a drop well can be installed if there is a partial flooding of the place where the water is discharged.

The principle of operation of a differential sewer well is based on a special design that redirects wastewater flows.

Lookout

Inspection tanks are structures that are designed for inspecting the sewer system, as well as for carrying out repair work on the sewer or water supply system. This design has no analogues today. Installation of inspection type sewer wells is provided in the following cases:

in places where there is a change in the size of the pipe, its slope and diameter. Such places are the weakest and are often prone to various breakdowns;
in the area where there is a change in the flow of wastewater;
at the point where the pipeline branches into several small pipes;
in areas that, in the opinion of experts, require special supervision.

Inspection structures are usually placed in such a way that the distance between sewer wells is at least 15 meters. If the pit is settled on the territory of a private house, then the distance from the structure to the house should be at least 3 meters, but not more than 12.

Swivel

Swivel well for sewerage - a structure that is installed directly at the turn of the main sewerage system. The distance between the sewer wells in this case is determined only by the location of the pipeline turns.

Nodal

Nodal structures are structures that are installed in places where wide pipelines branch out.

Direct-flow

Direct-flow tanks are structures that are mainly intended for flushing sewer pipelines. Such structures are installed in different places, depending on which several types of direct-flow structures are distinguished:

linear - structures required for periodic checks and flushing of networks;
flushing - structures that are mounted, as a rule, at the very beginning of the water supply system to flush it;
control - structures that are installed in places where purified water flows are discharged. Such structures are necessary to control the quality of the passing water.

In various places, the sewage system must be installed with the inclusion of sewage tanks in the system. It is with the help of these structures that control, flushing and repair of the entire system is carried out. Even if the sewage system is settled in a private house, at least one well must be on the site. Otherwise, the owner of the site simply will not be able to control the operation of the sewer system and, if necessary, repair it.

How to correctly calculate the size of the sewer pit?

How to make a sewer well? This issue is especially relevant if the owner of a private house and plot decides to make a sewer well with his own hands. Of course, it is quite difficult to make a well without the participation of specialists, however, it is still possible. The main thing here is to follow all the established rules so that the sewerage system functions normally in the future and does not cause problems.

Before starting the installation of a sewer well, you need to determine its location and make all the necessary calculations. The first parameter to consider is the volume of the waste pit. This indicator is calculated depending on the number of people living in the territory and the approximate water consumption. For example, a standard family with two children consumes up to 1000 liters of water per day.

According to the adopted standards, a drain with a bottom area of one square meter can provide the output of water in an amount of one cubic meter. It is important to take into account the fact that the working volume of the structure must correspond to at least a triple rate of water flow per day. Therefore, the volume of a well for a family with two children must be at least three cubic meters.

Knowing exactly how much of the structure is needed in a particular area, you can calculate the required diameter of the well. The depth of the pit is on average 2.5-3 meters. When calculating the parameters of the well, it is important to calculate the distance from the well, or rather its working part to the drain pipe. It is quite simple to do this, you need to subtract the length of the drain pipe, which is 70 centimeters, from the depth of the structure. Next, the volume of the well is calculated directly, which consists of the multiplied data on the depth of the pit and the area of its bottom.

Types of arrangement of the bottom of the well

If you are making a well for sewerage with your own hands, you must first also choose the type of the bottom of the pit. The most common and popular option is the round bottom pit because it is the easiest to use and maintain, but there are other types of pit bottom in addition to this option.

The most commonly used types are considered to be structures with a round and quadrangular bottom. The latter option can be made in the form of a square or rectangle. Before equipping a sewer well with your own hands, you need to calculate the diameter and depth of the pit, taking into account the walls that will be laid to strengthen the structure.

The installation of protective structures inside the pit can be made from the following materials:

bricks;
reinforced concrete rings;
pouring from concrete.

The distance to the bottom is calculated solely taking into account all structural features and reinforcing installations.

How to equip a sewer well yourself?

The main argument in favor of building a sewage system on a site with your own hands is a decent cost savings. If a container made of bricks, concrete rings or rubble stone was chosen as a structure, the following sequence of actions must be observed:

first of all, a pit is dug for a storage tank, as well as a trench for the pipeline;
then the base of the pit is prepared. As a rule, for these purposes, crushed stone or other similar material is poured into the bottom of the pit;
after that, the bottom is poured with concrete mortar;
then the walls of the structure are strengthened. For this, concrete rings are installed, brickwork or stone masonry is made. In this case, all joints must be covered with cement mortar. In the case of installing a brick wall, plastering of the walls is also carried out;
then the inlet for the drain pipe is mounted and equipped. After installation, all holes are necessarily sealed;
the outer walls are insulated using tar or greasy clay;
then the soil returns to the place, which is compacted;
a slab and a hatch are installed on top of the well;
in the last turn, the installation of the ventilation pipe is carried out. This part of the structure is necessary in order to remove the gases accumulated inside, formed as a result of the decomposition of organic substances, to the outside. The accumulation of such gases is dangerous with the possibility of an explosion.

The owner, as a rule, chooses the distance between sewer wells on a private plot independently, depending on the area of the territory, the location of the sewerage system and the volume of wastewater. However, when carrying out independent work, you should not forget about the work standards.