When it comes to the next ceiling repair, which often happens once every few years, already at the very first stage various financial and technical difficulties begin to pile up. When choosing a standard finishing method using various water-based and water-dispersion paint compositions, at a minimum, it is necessary to move out of the room or close it for a sufficiently long period. In this case, furniture, walls and flooring inevitably suffer.

Advantages of installing a stretch ceiling

Installation stretch ceiling- This great way avoid all these problems. The installation technology itself has long been brought to perfection. Moreover, the installation of a stretch ceiling does not require any special labor-intensive expenses for preparing the room, and all work is carried out practically without the formation of dust and dirt.

Stretch ceiling structures do not interfere with the installation of various lighting fixtures, as well as all kinds of communications related to alarms, ventilation or electrical wiring.

All PVC films used are fireproof. They do not support the combustion process, and at high temperatures they only melt without emitting any harmful substances. Therefore, choosing a stretch ceiling will seriously and permanently solve the problem of the device within a few hours ceiling surface in any room.

As a rule, at the first stage, managers of any reputable company introduce the client to the available range of tension materials. And this is where the main problems begin for the customer. Due to the wide variety of textures and color range tension fabrics can sometimes be quite difficult to make a specific decision. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly explain to the designer the planned style of the room, and he will quickly outline the range of all suitable options.

Next, the company's technologist takes careful measurements of the proposed premises and transmits the results to production. The accuracy of all measurements taken is the key to high-quality installation of the entire tension system. Well, this is definitely not the client’s concern anymore! And good specialists with extensive capabilities of modern measuring instruments will quickly and efficiently complete the task.

And now the long-awaited day of installing a stretch ceiling comes. For specially trained personnel this does not present any particular difficulties and within a few hours the selected room will take on a completely different look. The installation process itself is as follows:

All the efficiency of installation work is due to the fact that the PVC film for each specific room is a single piece, which is cut out and subsequently welded in strict accordance with required sizes. Thus, the installation of suspended ceiling structures of any complexity for standard room does not take more than 4 hours. Despite its apparent simplicity, the installation of a stretch ceiling must be carried out in strict compliance with a certain technology and only by specially trained personnel. Only in this case will the installation be completed quickly and efficiently!

1.1. This technological map has been developed for a set of works on the installation of Clipso suspended ceilings in residential and administrative buildings in order to improve appearance indoors, as well as for using the space between the ceiling and the ceiling for laying utility lines for various purposes (ventilation ducts, electrical and low-current wiring, pipelines). The purpose of creating the presented technological map was the need to propose a recommended scheme technological process on the work, show the composition and content of the technical specifications, examples of filling out the necessary tables.

On the basis of this technological map, technological maps can be developed for the installation of other suspended ceiling designs with different stylistic decisions in relation to specific operating conditions of the premises. The technological map under consideration can be tied to a specific object and accepted design dimensions, and can also be used in the development of work projects (WPP). At the same time, production schemes, volumes of work, labor costs, mechanization means, materials, equipment, etc. are clarified.

1.2. To link or develop technological maps as source data and documents, the following is required:

• working drawings of structures and dimensions interior walls and ceilings of premises;
• building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, VSN, SP);
• instructions, standards, factory instructions and technical specifications (TS) for the main materials used (ceiling sheet, fastening fittings, etc.);
• unified standards and prices for construction and installation work (ENiR, GESN-2001);
• production standards for material consumption (NPRM);
• progressive norms and prices, labor organization maps and labor processes, used in the construction of brick external walls.

2. General provisions

2.1. For the installation of a stretch ceiling, a fabric is used, proposed in 1997 by the Swiss company Clipso A.G. The basis of the stretch ceiling is fabric made on a wide loom in the form of a single piece. synthetic fabric complex knitted knitting. The fabric is impregnated with a special polyurethane composition. This fabric has no seams and turns suspended ceilings into a perfectly flat, solid surface. The advantage of such a seamless stretch ceiling over film stretch ceilings is undeniable.

Clipso seamless stretch ceilings do not require such precise measurements as film stretch ceilings. Clipso fabric is supplied in rolls of various widths and the stretch ceiling is cut according to the maximum linear dimensions rooms from the roll of the nearest width. All other complications of this room (protrusions, corners, curved sections, size fluctuations) are realized on site directly during installation of the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling. Components such as polyester and polyurethane used in the manufacture of the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling are environmentally friendly, which allowed Clipso A.G. obtain a European certificate for the installation of your suspended ceilings in children's and medical institutions.

2.2. Seamless fabric stretch ceilings Clipso (Clipso) are much more durable than standard version from PVC. In addition, the main property of the new ceiling sheet from Clipso is heat shrinkage with a coefficient of 1.2.

Fabric made using technology from Clipso (France) can have a clear graphic pattern, because due to the uniform density of the loops, it will not deform when stretched or shrinked. The special technology of weaving such a fabric allows us to weave 87 columns in 90 rows for every 5 cm. However, a fairly dense weave does not weigh down the fabric; its weight is per one square meter is only 220-240 grams. Due to the dense weaving and uniform distribution of thread tension, the fabric “breathes”, but at the same time does not allow moisture to pass through.

2.3. The advantage of the technology for manufacturing tension seamless Clipso ceilings(Clipso) is their seamlessness. The absence of seams means that the Clipso seamless stretch ceiling does not tear and lasts for quite a long time. In addition to excellent performance characteristics, Clipso stretch ceilings allow you to create ideal flat surface and a uniform pattern without seams or deformation. The highest aesthetic properties and elasticity of the Clipso stretch ceiling fabric allows it to be bent, giving it any shape. The technology for installing suspended ceilings also allows you to build into them lighting.

2.4. Clipso ceilings can be considered vandal-resistant, since they are not afraid of many operational hazards, such as flooding, sunlight, cuts and punctures. Thanks to double-sided polymer impregnation, the ceiling canvas is super durable and will withstand even strong mechanical pressure. In addition, Clipso stretch ceilings are frost-resistant. Clipso fabric can withstand frosts down to -40 degrees without losing its performance characteristics, which makes Clipso seamless stretch ceilings made using this new technology suitable for installation even in unheated rooms. The fabric of Clipso seamless stretch ceilings can be painted both before and after installation - this makes it possible to obtain a ceiling of a unique color in the room. It is possible to apply any digital image (photo or drawing) to Clipso seamless ceilings.

2.5. Before installation of Clipso suspended ceilings in the premises begins, construction and installation work must be completed. special work specified in the working drawings, including finishing, except for final painting or wallpapering of walls various types, and the installation of utilities has also been completed (wiring of lighting fixtures, installation of fire extinguishing system structures, laying of pipelines, etc.).

2.6. Work on installing the Clipso ceiling should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

• SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production;
• SNiP 31-01-2003 “Residential multi-apartment buildings”;
• SNiP 05/31/2003 " Public buildings administrative purpose";
• SNiP 31-03-2001 “Industrial buildings”;
• SNiP 2.09.04-87* “Administrative and domestic buildings” (ed. 2001);
• SNiP 21-01-97* " Fire safety buildings and structures";
• SNiP 23-01-99* “Building climatology”;
• SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
• SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.

3. Organization and technology of work execution

3.1. Clipso ceiling products vary in color and purpose. The most popular stretch ceilings are standard white or colored Clipso, which in their qualities and properties are suitable for the vast majority of consumers. However, for certain cases, Clipso has developed special specific products - anti-moisture, anti-dirt, acoustic, transparent and anti-bactericidal ceilings.

In addition to creating a simple, perfectly flat ceiling, it is possible to create stretch ceilings of complex shapes in several levels (Fig. 1).

3.2. Canvases on suspended ceilings, unlike PVC films, are installed without thermal process, on a plastic baguette (clip), which allows you to reliably strengthen the canvas and place it on the ceiling aesthetic appearance. Between basic ceiling covering and suspended ceiling CLIPSO, it is possible to install thermal insulation and sound-absorbing materials, as well as fire alarm. Design idea And latest technology allows you to create an interior and give each room uniqueness, and with the help of a plotter it is possible to apply any high-quality images to the texture of the Clipso ceiling canvas.

The range of Clipso fabrics includes colored fabrics (beige, pink, gray, black, light green, blue), as well as special types of fabric, in particular: acoustic fabric with the properties of a sound-absorbing membrane (black and beige colors) and translucent fabric for creating illuminated ceiling and wall structures. The color of the fabric can be created at the customer's request to create a specific room design. The canvas is supplied in rolls of 50 or 100 linear meters. The rolls have "net" widths of 2.00 m, 2.50 m, 3.00 m, 3.50 m, 4.00 m, 4.50 m and 5.10 m.

3.3. The technology for installing seamless ceilings of the Clipso system is based on the Swiss system of rapid installation of ceiling and wall surface structures. It allows you to quickly and efficiently create an ideal ceiling surface that meets European standards. To install a stretch ceiling, you must have: a stepladder, a special CLIPSO spatula (Fig. 2), a hammer drill, a screwdriver, plastic dowels, self-tapping screws, a hair dryer, and white cloth gloves. It is recommended that the installation of structures be carried out by two workers. Before starting work, the room must be cleared of dust and debris. The canvas is installed in a special extruded profile (baguette) Clipso, made of PVC and having a complex cross-section. Profile weight - 0.190 g/m, length - 2 m.

Preparatory work

3.4. Clipso textile fabric undergoes impregnation, spinning, drying and colandering modes. The canvas is made of polyester, evenly impregnated with a special mixture containing polymer and dye. The polymer has elastomeric characteristics. The main (basic) element of the polymer is polyurethane, which has polymerization properties and allows you to create a highly environmentally friendly material with the necessary mechanical characteristics. Clipso fabric is 15 times stronger than PVC film. The main property is that the fabric has the property of heat shrinkage with a coefficient of 20%.

The technology for measuring and installing a Clipso stretch ceiling is much simpler than measuring and installing PVC film. For installation, it is enough to know only two dimensions of the room: maximum length and width, without the dimensions of protrusions and radii of curved sections. Based on these dimensions, the standard size of the canvas closest in width is selected, with a margin of at least 20 cm, and cut from the whole roll along the length with a minimum margin of 20 cm. The fabric is cut according to the configuration of the room directly during installation, which virtually eliminates errors during measurement, but requires installers highly qualified.

After measuring the room, the Clipso textile fabric is prepared in accordance with the results obtained.

3.5. To attach the Clipso stretch ceiling, a special profile is used, which is mounted around the perimeter of the room. Depending on the area and features of the application, the profile is fastened to the ceiling or walls (Fig. 3). The profile reliably fixes the Clipso fabric, preventing it from sagging, and if necessary (for example, leaks from above, when it is necessary to remove part of the ceiling to drain the water ) it is possible to re-install the canvas into the same profile.

The profile does not require any special overlays or elements to create an aesthetic joint between the wall and the stretch ceiling - the latter looks stylish, neat and modern.

3.6. At the first stage, the profile is attached with glue around the perimeter of the room - either to the ceiling (Fig. 4) or to the walls (Fig. 5).

At wall mount it is necessary to use any building level. The connection in the corners will be tighter if you cut it at an angle of 45° (Fig. 6).

The final fastening of the mounting profile is done with self-tapping screws into pre-drilled holes. The distance between the screws should be no more than 7 cm. At the joints of profiles and in corner joints, the screws are attached along the edges at a distance of about 1-2 cm (Fig. 7).

Basic work on installing a stretch ceiling

3.7. At the second stage, the canvas is unrolled indoors and temporarily fixed in a baguette in the middle of the walls using a special Clipso spatula. The edges of the canvas (about 5 cm) should remain behind the baguette (free edges). After temporarily fixing the canvas in selected places The entire canvas is secured with a spatula around the entire perimeter. The distance between fastening points should not exceed 80 cm (Fig. 8).

3.8. By alternately pulling the canvas by the free edges from the middle to the corners (Fig. 9), it is necessary to achieve a uniform distribution of the canvas without wrinkles. Free edges should be the same width. Fixing the fabric in the corners (20 cm per side) is done last.

The final stage of work

3.9. At the final stage, any folds and wrinkles that have arisen are straightened out using a hair dryer. The defective area is heated with circular movements of the hair dryer at a distance of about 20 cm. The free edges of the canvas are cut off with a sharp knife along the lower edge of the decorative strip (Fig. 10).

3.10. When performing work on installing a suspended ceiling, it is necessary to take into account the presence of various engineering systems and communications in the room. Indoors, as a rule, there are ceiling lamps and chandeliers, ventilation ducts and channels with installed air distribution devices and grilles, elements of alarm and fire safety systems, fragments of other engineering systems.

Installation of lamps is carried out on a counter part pre-fixed to the ceiling or on a special fastener or on installation fittings (Fig. 11). In the required place, the Clipso sheet is cut in a circular or cross motion (Fig. 12) and the electrical and mounting fittings are released. A lamp is attached to them (Fig. 13). There should be a gap of about 0.8 mm between the bottom of the lamp and the stretched surface of the canvas.

If random dirty spots During installation work, it is necessary to use any liquid detergent. Washing the ceiling will ensure the original whiteness of the canvas.

3.10. Working hours

3.11. Labor cost calculation

Table 1

	Job title		Scope of work	Rationale (standards)	Labor costs
					Per unit, person-hour	Total, person-hour
	General markup room walls
	Installation of mounting profiles (special baguette)
	Installation of profiles for installing fasteners (luminaires)
	Installation of fastening elements of lamps	100 parts
	Measuring and cutting edges of Clipso fabric
	Laying out the canvas, securing it in a baguette, leveling
	Installation of lamps	1 lamp
Total labor intensity					96.89 person-hour
Note The standards used in the calculation are ENiR-1987 (Unified standards and prices).

4. Requirements for the quality of work

4.1. Control and assessment of the quality of work when installing suspended ceilings is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents:

• SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings;
• SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production.

In order to ensure the required quality of the installation of Clipso suspended ceilings, work must be subject to production control at all stages of its implementation.

4.2. Production control is divided into input, operational (technological), inspection and acceptance. Quality control of work performed must be carried out by specialists or special services equipped with technical means that ensure the necessary reliability and completeness of control. The main control is assigned to the head of the production unit (foreman, foreman) who performs the work on installing the tension fabric.

When installing suspended ceilings in the interiors of buildings, the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87, given in this table 2, must be met.

table 2

	Subject, composition and scope of control, maximum deviation	Control methods	Control time
The maximum size of the ledges between the slabs and baguette slats		Measuring, at least 5 measurements per one (50-70 m2) room	Upon complete inspection
Membrane tension, no deflection	No wrinkles or irregularities, mirror-like surface	Visual	Upon complete inspection
Deviation of the entire plane of any ceiling level diagonally, vertically and horizontally	From the design value no more than 1.5 mm	Measuring, over the entire plane no more than 7 mm	During the follow-up inspection
Deviation of the corners of the joints of the ceiling levels from the vertical	1 mm per 1 lm	Measuring	Upon complete inspection

4.3. Incoming control

This control is carried out to identify deviations from the project requirements and relevant standards. Incoming control is carried out by checking by external inspection and measurements, as well as control tests in cases of doubt about the correctness of the characteristics or the absence of the necessary data in the certificates and passports of manufacturers. The results of incoming control are documented in the Act.

During incoming inspection, it is necessary to check the compliance of materials and products arriving at the site with current standards, technical specifications and other documents and requirements. In the absence of certificates, the quality of products and materials must be confirmed by laboratory test results. Number of products and materials to be input control, must comply with the standards given in the technical specifications and standards.

4.4. Operational (technological) and inspection control

Operational control is carried out during production operations in order to ensure timely detection of defects and take measures to eliminate and prevent them. Control is carried out under the guidance of a foreman or foreman. During operational (technological) control, it is necessary to check the compliance of the main production operations with the requirements established building codes and rules, suspended ceiling design design and other regulatory documents.

During operational control the following must be checked:

• quality of hanging material (no dark spots, cracks);
• quality of structures and surfaces of premises;
• quality of installation and fastening of frame elements;
• horizontal (vertical) planes of slats and baguette;
• uniformity, verticality or horizontality of the coating.

After all defects have been eliminated, it is necessary to draw up a Hidden Work Certificate, allowing subsequent work to be carried out to cover the baguettes with the stretch ceiling fabric. Drawing up Inspection Reports for hidden work in cases where subsequent work must begin after a long break should be carried out immediately before subsequent work is carried out. results operational control must be recorded in the work log.

4.5. During inspection control, it is necessary to check the quality of the work performed selectively at the discretion of the Customer or the General Contractor in order to check the effectiveness of previously carried out production control. This type of control can be carried out at any stage of construction work and installation of suspended ceilings.

The results of quality control carried out by the Customer’s technical supervision, designer’s supervision, inspection control, and comments of persons monitoring the production and quality of work must be entered in the Work Production Log and are also recorded in the General Work Log (The recommended form is given in Appendix 1*, SNiP 3.01 .01-85*). All acceptance documentation must comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85*.

4.6. The general contractor must present to the customer's representative a work log, inspection reports for hidden work, protocols, as-built documentation, certificates and passports for the materials used, samples installed materials and finished coating to match the project requirements, technical specifications, norms and standards. To assess the quality of materials, samples must be taken and tested in accordance with applicable standards and specifications.

4.7. Acceptance control

The quality of work is ensured by meeting the requirements for compliance with the necessary technological sequence when performing interrelated work and technical control over the progress of work set out in the Construction Organization Project and the Work Performance Project, as well as in the Operational Quality Control Scheme of Work. Acceptance control is carried out on the basis of these documents, the work production log and on the basis of an acceptance inspection.

An example of filling out the Operational Quality Control Scheme is given in Table 3.

Table 3

Name of operations subject to control	Subject, composition and scope of inspection, maximum deviation	Control methods	Control time	Who controls
Maximum size of ledges between slats		Measuring, at least 5 measurements on 50-70 m surface	Identified by continuous inspection	Foreman, master
Deviation of the plane of the entire finishing field diagonally, vertically and horizontally (from the design) by 1 m - 1.5 mm	7 mm over the entire surface			Foreman, master

4.8. At the construction site, a General Work Log and a Author's Supervision Log of the design organization, and a Ceiling Construction Log should be kept. The installation of suspended ceilings must be done after installing and fastening all frame elements (in accordance with the project), checking the horizontalness of its plane and compliance with the marks.

4.9. The permissible relative deflection for suspended ceilings is allowed to be no more than 1/250 of the span. Clipso ceiling structures must withstand up to 100 liters of liquid per 1 m2. Seamless stretch ceilings are stronger than film ceilings. In addition, in the event of accidental damage, their material does not diverge further in the direction of the cut. Thanks to your physical properties they can be used in any premises with operating temperatures from -20 to +50.

5. Need for material and technical resources

5.1. Mechanization of construction and special construction work must be comprehensive and carried out by sets of construction machines, equipment, small-scale mechanization, necessary installation equipment, inventory and devices. Small-scale mechanization equipment, equipment, tools and technological equipment necessary for performing insulation and finishing work must be assembled into standard kits in accordance with the technology of the work performed. When choosing machines and installations, it is necessary to provide options for replacing them if necessary. If the use of new construction machines, installations and devices is envisaged, it is necessary to indicate the name and address of the organization or manufacturer.

5.2. Approximate list of main necessary equipment, machines, mechanisms and tools for performing work are given in Table 4.

	Name of machines, mechanisms, machine tools, tools and materials			Quantity
	Stepladders
	Scaffold
	Pliers
	Screwdrivers
	Screwdriver
	Hydraulic level

6. Safety precautions and labor protection

6.1. When carrying out work on installing suspended ceilings, it is necessary to comply with the rules given in VSNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements”, SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production", fire safety rules provided for by GOST 12.1.004 "Fire safety. General requirements" and SNiP 12-04-2002. It is also necessary to comply with the requirements of GOST 12.3.002-75. Production processes. General safety requirements and RD 102-011-89 Labor protection. Organizational and methodological documents.

6.2. Responsibility for the implementation of safety measures, labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire and environmental safety rests with the work managers assigned by order. The responsible person exercises organizational management of the work directly or through the foreman. The orders and instructions of the responsible person are mandatory for all workers at the site.

6.3 Labor protection for workers must be ensured by the issuance of necessary funds individual protection (special clothing, shoes, etc.), implementation of measures for the collective protection of workers (fencing, lighting, ventilation, protective and safety devices and devices, etc.), sanitary facilities and devices in accordance with current standards and the nature of the work performed. Workers must be created the necessary conditions work, food and rest. The work is carried out in special footwear and overalls. All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets.

Safety decisions must be taken into account and reflected in organizational and technological maps and work flow diagrams.

6.4. The timing of work, its sequence, and the need for labor resources are established taking into account the safe conduct of work and the time for compliance with measures that ensure the safe execution of work, so that any of the operations performed does not constitute a source of industrial hazard for simultaneously performed or subsequent work. When developing methods and sequence of work, hazardous areas that arise during the work should be taken into account. If it is necessary to perform work in hazardous areas, measures must be taken to protect workers. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone workplace training in safety precautions, industrial sanitation, trained in work techniques and have a certificate authorizing the work are allowed to install ceilings.

6.5. Sanitary facilities must be located outside hazardous areas. A first aid kit with medicines, a stretcher, fixing splints and other first aid equipment must be kept and constantly replenished in the workers' rest trailer. All workers on the construction site must be provided with drinking water. Work with mechanisms, devices, equipment and tools must be carried out in accordance with the instructions for their use.

Install suspended ceilings specialized tool, providing mechanization of the ceiling frame assembly process.

6.6. Workers must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment. Workers performing work must know:

• hazardous and harmful to the body production factors of the work performed;
• harmful substances and the components of the materials used and the nature of their impact on the human body;
• rules of personal hygiene;
• instructions on work technology, workplace maintenance, safety precautions, industrial sanitation, fire safety;
• rules of first aid.

6.7. Considering the specifics of the work, it is necessary to carry out the installation and finishing of ceilings only by specialized organizations with experience in the installation and finishing of these structures.

The person responsible for the safe performance of work is obliged to:

• familiarize workers with the Work Technological Map for signature;
• monitor the good condition of tools, mechanisms and devices;
• Explain to employees their responsibilities and the sequence of operations.

6.8. The equipment, fixtures and accessories used during the work for installation of the Clipso stretch ceiling must comply with the safety conditions for performing the work. The supply of materials to workplaces must be carried out in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. Materials and equipment should be stored at workplaces in such a way that they do not create a danger during work and do not restrict passages. Illumination in work areas should be uniform, without the glare of lighting devices on workers. To protect the head of a worker from mechanical damage during work, it is necessary to use helmets, GOST 12.4.087-84.

6.9. When installing suspended ceilings, devices are used that are designed for convenience and safety of work (scaffolding, universal collapsible scaffolding, inventory tables) depending on the height of the room and its volume. Devices should not be a source of hazardous production factors.

6.10. When the working floor height is 1.3 m or more, it is necessary to install protective fences. The height of the protective fences must be at least 1.2 m. Live parts of electrical installations must be insulated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to touch. Places where electric welding works are carried out must be freed from combustible materials within a radius of at least 5 m, and from explosive materials - 10 m. Metal parts of electric welding equipment that are not energized, as well as elements and structures being welded, must be grounded for the entire welding period.

6.11. When working with a mounting piston gun, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the “Safety Instructions for the operator working with a mounting piston gun PC-52-1.” Sawing of elements for suspended ceilings and other materials should be carried out in specially designated areas where persons not involved in this work are not allowed.

7. Technical and economic indicators (150 m2)

Technical and economic indicators are presented in relation to the installation of Clipso suspended ceilings in a room (hall) with a total area of ​​150 m2.

prof. St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University. -

St. Petersburg, 2012

Stretch ceilings - high art

A stretch ceiling is a perfectly flat surface created by stretching a special PVC film around the perimeter of the room.

Stretch ceilings are an excellent alternative to other methods of finishing the ceiling, such as painting, leveling with plaster, installation suspended ceiling. The reasons are simple: a suspended ceiling can create a smooth surface even if the condition of the ceiling surface is unsatisfactory.

Experts say that even with a difference of 50 mm, not every plasterer is able to level the plane of the ceiling. In addition to finding a professional to do this work, you will also need to spend a lot of money on purchasing building materials. As a result, the installation of suspended ceilings can save you time and money, while the installation is carried out without the presence of construction waste.

Designers are very fond of stretch ceilings, since this material provides ample opportunities for decorating a space, giving it the necessary color and atmosphere.

PVC film, due to its properties, can be used in offices and apartments, as well as in bathrooms, childcare facilities and even hospitals.

Specifications

PVC film has a number of unique qualities, which allow the installation of suspended ceilings in rooms of various specializations: moisture resistance, fire safety (class M1 - does not support combustion), high strength (the film can withstand weight up to 100 kg per 1 sq.m. surface), quick installation of the ceiling, ease of use, durability service life up to 50 years, availability of a wide range of colors and textures. (The texture of the stretch ceiling can be matte, semi-matte, glossy, suede, leather, varnish).

Stretch ceilings are divided into seamless and welded. Seamless ceilings are mounted in one panel on the entire surface of the base ceiling, while welded ceilings are mounted in several parts. Welded stretch ceilings are used when a large volume needs to be decorated.

Seamless stretch ceilings- it's thin mesh fabric, treated with a special polymer impregnation. A roll of seamless ceilings has a length of up to 5 meters.

This makes it possible to mount a single space without seams. Seamless stretch ceilings have a high level of strength. In case of flooding, they are able to hold not only cold, but also hot water. TO positive properties Seamless ceilings include frost resistance and environmental friendliness (according to European standards). Seamless stretch ceilings can also be installed in rooms without central heating: the ceiling film can withstand temperature changes from -40°C to +50°C.

Welded stretch ceilings– these are strips of durable and elastic vinyl film with a width of 1.3 m and up to 3.2 m, which are subsequently welded using special equipment. Despite minimum size seam, technology requires it to be positioned perpendicular to the window. Ceilings made of PVC film are resistant to various chemicals and are not a flammable material (the film melts under the influence of temperature).

The film of suspended ceilings is treated with a special antistatic coating, which prevents dust from settling on them.

History of suspended ceilings

The prototype of suspended ceilings can be considered the ancient Roman technology, in which suspended ceilings made of fabric were installed in the house. The material was matched to the color of the room and changed when the ceiling faded and became covered with dust. An interesting way of decorating a ceiling was invented in Armenia. Since the 17th century, calico impregnated with chalk began to be used here. The wet fabric was stretched over the frame, and after the fabric dried, it shrinked, and the ceiling seemed perfectly flat.

A new stage in decorating ceilings began when PVC polymer films were invented. In the 60s of the last century, specialists from the French company Barrisol, which at that time specialized in the production of aluminum profiles, were decorating a store window, and one of the workers suggested stretching a durable PVC film between the profiles. The technology seemed interesting to the designers, films of various textures and colors were created, methods were invented for fastening profiles, finishing communications, and sockets. In Europe, the era of suspended ceilings flourished in the 80s of the last century, and in Russia the first factories producing suspended ceilings appeared in 2000.

Construction of suspended ceilings

A stretch ceiling is an individually manufactured product (canvas) created from individual strips of PVC film. The stretch ceiling canvas is cut exactly to the size of the room, taking into account all its features. It should be noted that the area of ​​one panel is limited due to possible sagging of the film. Therefore, in large rooms, additional supports are used, with the help of which the ceiling is assembled from several canvases. The installation of suspended ceilings occurs as follows: the panel is attached to a profile made of aluminum or hard plastic, which is mounted to the ceiling walls. After installing the ceiling, technological holes are cut for the chandelier (lamps), pipelines, and fire alarm sensors.

Manufacturers various brands suspended ceilings have developed their own methods of attaching PVC film.

1. Harpoon ceilings(manufacturers Barrisol, Grupa DPS, Extenzo, NewMat, Novelum, Carre Noir, etc.) - welding is carried out along the contour of the edging panel made of hard PVC, which has the shape of a harpoon hook in cross section.

2. Wedge ceilings(manufactured by Mondea) – the PVC film sheet is pinched using a spacer profile (like fabric in an embroidery hoop).

3. Cam ceilings(manufactured by Prestige Design and Skol) – in this case PVC fabric clamped with two “cams” ​​included in the mounting profile. It should be noted that this fastening method allows you to stretch the canvas only 8 mm from the main ceiling.

4. Polyester fabric ceilings(manufacturer ClipsO) – the ceiling panel is secured using a flexible cord.

The technology allows you to use both traditional chandeliers and lamps, as well as their spotlight versions, in a room with a suspended ceiling. The only condition is that the lighting fixtures should not overheat the ceiling, so the power of the lamps is limited. For incandescent lamps the limit is 60 W, halogen lamps – 35 W.

The drawing for the ceiling pattern is made by a professional technologist, after the pattern (if it is harpoon ceilings) the canvas is processed around the perimeter with a flexible plate (harpoon). At this point, the patterning process is completed, the fabric is washed with special means, dried and folded into a heat-insulating film using interlayer spacers. In this form, the canvas is delivered to the installation site.

Materials and textures

Manufacturers use soft PVC film with a thickness of 0.17–0.22 mm. The specific weight of the film is 180–320 g/m2. m; sound absorption coefficient – ​​0.4; light absorption coefficient – ​​from 30% (“varnish”) to 95% (“velvet” textures); tensile strength along the length – 17 N/sq. mm, width – 13 N/sq. mm; under load it can stretch 2.2 times. PVC film can withstand air temperatures from –30°C to +70°C; In the cold, the film becomes brittle and hard, but all its properties are restored as the temperature increases.

Stretch ceilings made of polyester fabric have different properties. Polyester fabric 0.25 mm thick, weight 200 g/m2. m. impregnated with thermosetting polyurethane, the strength is 15-20 times higher than PVC film. Polyester fabric is difficult to cut or mechanically damage; the fabric retains its elasticity at a temperature of –30 °C. The width of a standard roll is 4 m. Polyurethane cannot be welded, so if you need to decorate a ceiling of a larger area, pieces of material are connected using a special profile (or stitched). Polyester fabric has White color, slightly rough texture.

After installation, the ceiling looks like traditional white; sometimes decorators use tinting or paint the ceiling using acrylic paints.

Textures of suspended ceilings

PVC film provides ample opportunity to create various textures of suspended ceilings and patterns. Let's list some of them. Matte– smooth or with the roughness of whitewash, reminiscent of plastered ceilings. Suitable for a room with a traditional design. Satin– a canvas with smooth, shallow embossing, it resembles a perfectly painted surface. Varnish– a canvas with such a texture gives the ceiling depth and volume; the room is reflected in it, like in a mirror. Metallic and hi-tech– canvases with silver coating. Moire– the texture of the stretch ceiling shimmers with fancy waves. Light-scattering (translucid) PVC film– its use allows you to create unusual lighting effects on the ceilings and walls of rooms. Texture of natural material- under leather, suede, velvet and wood. Venetian plaster and patina- to give the room the flavor of an ancient building.

Stretch ceilings are a modern way to quickly decorate a ceiling, give it a perfectly smooth look, and make the room elegant and stylish.

The article was provided by the WORLD OF CEILINGS Group of Companies.

Installation of suspended ceilings is rightfully considered one of the most progressive and modern methods finishing of ceilings, firstly, due to the speed of installation tensile structures, and secondly, from a design point of view. However, the seemingly simple PVC ceiling system is actually very labor-intensive and difficult to install yourself.

In this regard, most customers prefer to use the services of professionals who have sufficient experience and specialized installation equipment and tools.

Do-it-yourself stretch ceiling installation great desire, of course, it is possible, but, one way or another, calling specialists is necessary: ​​only they can carry out qualified measurements and production of PVC sheets with the required parameters in accordance with them (see). Read on to find out what the technology of installing suspended ceilings is.

Construction materials and fasteners used during installation

To install suspended ceiling structures you will need the following materials:

• PVC profile (baguette) intended for installing suspended ceilings;
• canvas made from polyvinyl chloride film (PVC) - it is connected by soldering from the required number of pieces of material and edged around the perimeter with a harpoon;
• stripping - a decorative element that will cover the gap formed between the wall and the suspended ceiling;
• self-tapping screws and dowels - will be needed for attaching profiles to walls or ceiling bases.

Profile for suspended ceiling systems

Manufacturers offer to purchase not only polyvinyl chloride baguette, but also aluminum (see). The classification of the profile depending on the method of fastening is as follows::

1. wall-mounted – the most popular type of baguette; it is fixed on the walls and, in terms of installation method, resembles the fastening of a guide profile during construction suspended ceilings from plasterboard;
2. ceiling - fixed to the ceiling and used in cases where it is not possible to install the profile on the walls;

1. separation - a connecting baguette used when it is necessary to install a ceiling in large areas (60 m2 or more); in this case, the likelihood of the PVC sheet sagging under its own weight is quite high, so suspended ceilings are installed in the form of separate installation groups.

Advice! As a rule, a profile for suspended ceilings is produced in a length of 2.50 m, but during installation it can be sawed with a grinder into pieces of the required length.

Installation of a stretch ceiling involves the initial installation of a baguette to the walls or ceiling around the perimeter of the room, as well as further fastening and tensioning of the PVC film (see).

PVC sheet and harpoon system

The canvas is made, as already mentioned, from rolls of PVC film. Rolls of glossy textured film are available in widths of 1.3, 1.5 and 1.8 m; mat width is 1.5, 2.0 and 2.7 m. The required number of segments of the same color is prepared, which are then connected by soldering.

The connection points are thin and straight, after installation they are almost invisible. The fabric pattern is made with a smaller area relative to the ceiling by 5-15%, which is necessary to stretch the film and obtain a high-quality result - a perfectly flat ceiling (see).

A harpoon is a flexible but rigid PVC plate of a special shape, attached by welding along the perimeter of the canvas and used to fix it in the baguette. The harpoon has a higher density than the canvas itself, and is quite simply inserted into profiles. The installation of suspended ceilings involves reliable fastening harpoon in baguettes, it happens without any effort. This fastener is named so because of its similarity with the design of a well-known fishing tool.

Experts call the harpoon fastening system one of the strongest and most reliable: it can handle not only the load generated by the weight of the stretch ceiling, but also additional impacts. For example, it can withstand a significant amount of water in the event of flooding of your apartment by neighbors above.

Installation of a stretch ceiling

Installation of suspended ceilings is carried out in this order:

1. Markings are applied to the walls - horizontal line, along which the profile will be attached.

Advice! Markings on the walls before installing the baguette should be applied using a building level. This will ensure perfectly even lines and a high-quality final result.

1. The baguette is installed using self-tapping screws along the markings.
2. The PVC sheet is suspended from the rough ceiling using hooks.
3. The room where the installation is carried out is heated to a temperature of 50-60 0 C, for which a heat gun is used.
4. After a certain time, the film acquires elasticity and softness, and becomes easily stretchable. This means that it is time to attach the canvas to the baguette. The PVC sheet is stretched and the harpoon system is inserted into the profile using a construction spatula. After the harpoon cools, it straightens inside the baguette, forming a strong connection.

1. The room is cooled to room temperature, after which the film is compressed and stretched. During this process, the canvas is finally straightened, and the surface of the ceiling becomes smooth and beautiful.
2. The final stage is the installation of the decorative strip. It “hides” the gaps between the molding and the walls. The strip is fixed to the profile using specially designed teeth located on both fastening elements. Decorative element made from similar material, which is the same as a harpoon, and is purchased together with it.

The installation of suspended ceiling structures is presented in a video on the relevant topic presented on our portal.

This is exactly what the installation of suspended ceilings looks like. Despite the difficulty self-installation, now you know its technology, and this will help you monitor and evaluate the work of invited specialists. Choose suspended ceilings for your home, and it will be a model of style and beauty not only for you, but also for your friends and acquaintances.

Stretch ceiling is the only type of ceiling that is impossible to make on your own. The fact is that installation requires special equipment, which makes no sense to buy just to make decent repairs in one apartment. That’s why the installation of suspended ceilings is entrusted to professionals.
Stretch ceilings are made like this: the material is stretched between the walls and secured. Their prototype was invented by the ancient Armenians - they took cotton fabric, wet it, stretched it, and when it dried, it formed a smooth surface. Similar technology used by the French, who are reputed to be the inventors of suspended ceilings, but now non-woven materials are used.

Kinds

This type of ceiling is made from polyvinyl chloride film, as well as from polyester fabric, which is a knitted fabric made of polyester impregnated with polyurethane.
There are several types of stretch ceilings: with seams, seamless and made of fiberglass.
Ceilings with seams are mounted from polyvinyl chloride film. The strip width ranges from 1300 to 2200 mm. To obtain the canvas, the strips are welded together using a special technology, which creates an almost imperceptible seam.
The ceiling film is thin, but very durable, it does not allow water to pass through and can withstand it quite strong pressure. It burns very badly.
A ceiling made of PVC film is resilient and elastic at room temperature, but when heated, it can sag. As a result, built-in luminaires must have power limitations. If the ceiling cools, it stretches again, however, if the temperature drops to zero, the canvas becomes brittle and rigid, and collapses at -40. Therefore, it is not used in unheated rooms.
The ceiling canvas is painted to its full thickness during production; the color palette is very extensive. The texture can also be varied: glossy and matte, wood, leather or marble, Venetian plaster, reminiscent of satin, perforated, embossed, moire and iridescent.
A stretch ceiling made of PVC film can be not only flat, but arched, stepped, multi-level. In any case, he is afraid of sharp objects, and you can wash him very carefully and better - with a sponge.
Seamless ceilings are made from polyester fabric. It is a polyester canvas that is impregnated with a thermosetting polyurethane compound, giving it stability and elasticity. This fabric is supplied from the manufacturer in rolls 4 meters wide, which in most cases allows you to create a ceiling without seams. If you need to connect panels together, they are sewn or fastened with a profile, since it is impossible to weld it. This ceiling is highly durable and waterproof.
Ceilings made of polyester fabric have the opposite property of PVC film - they shrink under the influence of high temperature. Therefore, during installation, PVC ceilings are first heated and then stretched, while polyester ceilings are stretched and then heated. Initially, such a ceiling can only be matte white, and only then, if the customer wishes, it can be tinted or painted. In addition, on such a surface you can apply any image - photo, reproduction, drawing.
Polyester fabric is able to maintain its characteristics even when low temperatures, remaining elastic at -30. This property allows them to be used on a loggia or balcony and in other rooms without heating. Unfortunately, such a ceiling cannot be made complex shape, and the available choice of surface textures is very limited.
The fiberglass ceiling is new variety stretch ceilings. They are pulled onto the frame without any heating, mechanically, and then painted in the desired color with water-dispersed paint. Bye this technology has not been worked out perfectly, so if the manufacturer gives a 10-year guarantee for other types of ceilings, then for this one it is only 5.

Price

The price of the ceiling increases in sequence from “satin”, then matte, and then glossy. The color of the ceiling does not affect the price, unless, of course, you require a photo of someone dear to you to be placed on it. It must be taken into account that the cost is affected by the number of corners - the more there are, the more expensive the ceiling. In addition, the trapezoidal ceiling geometry and semicircular corners increase the price.
The presence in the room leads to an increase in the price of the ceiling heating pipes, because the bypass of each will have to be measured and cut out separately. Built-in lamps or chandeliers are paid separately. This point should be discussed immediately in the company’s office. It happens that unscrupulous companies lure clients with low prices, and during the execution it turns out that the chandeliers that the installers removed are put back up for money. The customer himself cannot do this, because the ceilings cannot be scratched, but the wire must be run through this ceiling. Therefore, the client has to pay the installers above the price agreed upon in advance.
Regular flat ceilings are the cheapest. Then prices rise - two-level, dome, “dunes”, “waves”, etc.

Installation

All PVC film ceilings are installed according to the same scheme. First on one horizontal level A fastening and decorative profile called a baguette is installed around the perimeter of the room. Then the canvas is secured to the baguettes at the corners and heated with a heat gun. The film then becomes soft and very pliable; it is stretched and fixed in the same baguette. When cooling, the ceiling film shrinks and stretches very tightly. It becomes an absolutely perfect smooth and even ceiling. There is usually a slight sag in its center, but only a few millimeters and it is completely invisible to the eye. Experts advise: if the ceiling has large area, then it would be good to fix a chandelier in its center. It will play the role of additional fasteners against sagging.
Baguettes are made from PVC and aluminum. The first is lower than the second and is thirty millimeters. This does not mean that it will take away a lot of space from the height of the room.