Knowledge of norms of behavior in emergency situations is the key to the well-being of employees of any enterprise. The Amulet training center offers fire safety training courses for managers and specialists.

Often the cause of serious incidents leading to material losses and even human casualties is ignorance of the simplest rules fire safety. Any organization can suffer from a fire: a warehouse, a store, an industrial workshop, an office, an entertainment center, etc. Therefore, fire safety training is necessary for all organizations that want to insure themselves against emergencies and take care of the health and safety of their staff.

Objectives and target audience of courses on the Fire Technical Minimum (FTM)

The Fire Technical Minimum (FTM) program contains minimum required fire safety knowledge that managers and specialists of organizations of any form of ownership should possess. The most serious fire risks occur in industrial enterprises who constantly use electrical equipment. In such organizations, training in the Fire Technical Minimum (FTM) must be mandatory.

Fire safety training includes the necessary amount of knowledge established by fire safety standards “Training fire safety measures for employees of organizations.” The main purpose of fire safety training is to provide managers and other employees with relevant and practical information about fire prevention and fire extinguishing methods. The main topics covered include the safety of the organization's personnel, their health and well-being, as well as ensuring the safety of the enterprise's property.

The course material on the Fire Technical Minimum (FTM) fully takes into account the requirements of all applicable regulatory documents. There is the possibility of both full-time and distance learning. Based on the results of completing the courses, students are issued appropriate certificates.

Fire technical minimum training program (FTM)

Training center "Amulet" offers various options Fire safety courses depending on the specifics of a particular organization. The programs are developed taking into account the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation No. 645, which regulates the required amount of knowledge for specialists in various fields.

During fire safety training, students learn the following topics:

• standards of behavior to prevent fire;
• actions to localize and eliminate the fire;
• fire hazard of various technological processes;
• other important information;
• regulatory documents on fire safety.

Responsibility of enterprises for violation of fire safety requirements

Fire safety violations relate to Administrative offenses that infringe on public order and public safety.

Failure of officials and legal entities to comply with standards in the field of fire safety training entails the imposition of an administrative fine on the organization, the amount of which can vary from 6,000 to 40,000 rubles for officials and from 150,000 to 400,000 rubles for organizations. At the same time, unpaid fire safety training due to lack of funds in the organization is not grounds for exemption from this responsibility.

Teacher

Ermakov Alexey Alekseevich

Advocate
Occupational Safety and Health
Fire safety

Expert in special assessment of working conditionsNo. 764 in the registers of experts
(Expert certificate number No. 003 0000858, date of issue 03/17/2015)

• VIPTSH of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, June 30, 1992, with a degree in fire safety, qualified as a fire safety engineer.
• State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education in Moscow "MSPU" was awarded the qualification of a lawyer with a specialty in "Jurisprudence".

Video seminars on fire safety

Training seminar “Organization of fire safety at an enterprise”

Lawyer Ermakov Alexey Alekseevich conducted another seminar on the topic of how fire safety regime is organized at an enterprise. The topic of what should be the procedure for ensuring fire safety, who should be responsible for fire safety at the enterprise, and many other interesting topics were discussed in detail.

Seminar on the course “Fire safety for managers and specialists”

Lawyer Ermakov Alexey Alekseevich presented the most relevant information to date, which contains the most important information regarding fire safety. Students who attended the seminar received detailed answers to difficult questions. The seminar participants became familiar with fire safety rules at facilities and the fire safety regime. Methods for preventing fires were considered, as well as actions to localize fires and eliminate them. Particular attention was paid to the responsibilities of employers in organizing training for employees in the field of fire safety.

A seminar on fire-technical minimum was held

The main objective of this seminar is to go through the fire safety technical minimum in detail. The lecturer presented the most relevant information to date, which contains the most important information regarding fire safety. Students who attended the seminar received detailed answers to complex questions. The seminar participants became familiar with fire safety rules at facilities and the fire safety regime. Methods for preventing fires were considered, as well as actions to localize fires and eliminate them. Particular attention was paid to the responsibilities of employers in organizing training for employees in the field of fire safety.

The seminar “Fire and Explosion Safety” was held

Lawyer Ermakov Alexey Alekseevich presented the most relevant information to date, which contains the most important information regarding fire safety. Students who attended the seminar received detailed answers to complex questions. The seminar participants became familiar with fire safety rules at facilities and the fire safety regime. Methods for preventing fires were considered, as well as actions to localize fires and eliminate them. Particular attention was paid to the responsibilities of employers in organizing training for employees in the field of fire safety.

2. Responsibility for organizing and timely training in the field of fire safety and testing the knowledge of fire safety rules for employees of organizations lies with the administrations (owners) of these organizations, officials of organizations, entrepreneurs without forming a legal entity, as well as employees who have entered into employment contract with the employer in the manner prescribed by law Russian Federation.

3. Control over the organization of training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations is carried out by state fire supervision bodies.

4. The main types of training for employees of organizations in fire safety measures are fire safety briefing and learning the minimum fire-technical knowledge (hereinafter referred to as the fire-technical minimum).

II. Fire safety training

5. Fire safety briefing is carried out with the aim of bringing to the attention of employees of organizations the basic fire safety requirements, studying fire danger technological processes of production and equipment, means fire protection, as well as their actions in the event of a fire.

6. Fire safety training is carried out by the administration (owner) of the organization according to special training programs on fire safety measures for employees of organizations (hereinafter referred to as special programs) and in the manner determined by the administration (owner) of the organization (hereinafter referred to as the head of the organization).

7. When conducting fire safety training, the specifics of the organization’s activities should be taken into account.

8. Conducting fire safety training includes familiarizing employees of organizations with:

fire safety requirements, based on the specific fire hazard of technological processes, production facilities and facilities;

measures to ensure fire safety during the operation of buildings (structures), equipment, and the performance of fire hazardous work;

rules for the use of open fire and hot work;

responsibilities and actions of workers in case of fire, rules for calling the fire department, rules for the use of fire extinguishing means and fire automatic installations.

9. Based on the nature and timing of the fire safety briefing, it is divided into: introductory, primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted.

10. An entry is made in the fire safety briefing logbook about the conduct of introductory, primary, repeated, unscheduled, targeted fire safety briefings with the obligatory signature of the person being instructed and the person instructing (Appendix 1).

11. Introductory fire safety training is carried out:

with all employees newly hired, regardless of their education, length of service in the profession (position);

with seasonal workers;

with students arriving for on-the-job training or internship;

12. Introductory fire safety briefing in an organization is carried out by the head of the organization or the person responsible for fire safety, appointed by order (instruction) of the head of the organization.

13. Introductory briefing is carried out in a specially equipped room using visual aids and educational materials.

14. Introductory briefing is carried out according to a program developed taking into account the requirements of standards, rules, regulations and instructions on fire safety. Program induction training approved by order (instruction) of the head of the organization. The duration of the instruction is set in accordance with the approved program.

An approximate list of questions for introductory fire safety training is given in Appendix 2.

15. Introductory fire safety briefing ends with practical training of actions in the event of a fire and testing of knowledge of fire extinguishing equipment and fire protection systems.

16. Primary fire safety training is carried out directly at the workplace:

with all newly hired employees;

with those transferred from one division of this organization to another;

with employees performing new work for them;

with employees seconded to the organization;

with seasonal workers;

with specialists construction profile those performing construction, installation and other work on the territory of the organization;

with students arriving for on-the-job training or internship.

17. Conducting initial fire safety training for the specified categories of workers is carried out by the person responsible for ensuring fire safety in each structural unit, appointed by order (instruction) of the head of the organization.

18. Primary fire safety training is carried out according to a program developed taking into account the requirements of standards, rules, regulations and instructions on fire safety. The induction training program is approved by the head of the organization’s structural unit or the person responsible for fire safety of the structural unit.

An approximate list of questions for conducting initial fire safety briefing is given in Appendix 2.

19. Primary fire safety training is carried out with each employee individually, with practical demonstration and training of skills in using primary fire extinguishing equipment, actions in the event of a fire, evacuation rules, and assistance to victims.

20. All employees of an organization that has fire-hazardous production, as well as those working in buildings (structures) with large numbers of people (over 50 people) must practically demonstrate the ability to act in case of fire and use primary fire extinguishing means.

21. Primary fire safety briefing is possible with a group of people servicing the same type of equipment and within a common workplace.

22. Repeated fire safety briefing is carried out by the person responsible for fire safety, appointed by order (instruction) of the head of the organization with all employees, regardless of qualifications, education, experience, nature of the work performed, at least once a year, and with employees of organizations with a fire hazard production, at least once every six months.

23. Repeated fire safety training is carried out in accordance with the training schedule approved by the head of the organization.

24. Repeated fire safety briefing is carried out individually or with a group of workers servicing the same type of equipment within a common workplace according to the program of primary fire safety briefing at the workplace.

25. During the repeated fire safety briefing, knowledge of fire safety standards, rules, norms and instructions, the ability to use primary fire extinguishing equipment, knowledge of evacuation routes, fire warning systems and management of the evacuation process are tested.

26. Unscheduled fire safety training is carried out:

when introducing new or changing previously developed rules, regulations, fire safety instructions, and other documents containing fire safety requirements;

when changing the production process, replacing or upgrading equipment, tools, raw materials, materials, as well as changing other factors affecting the fire safety condition of the facility;

in case of violation by employees of the organization of fire safety requirements, which could lead or did lead to a fire;

for additional study of fire safety measures at the request of state fire supervision authorities when they identify insufficient knowledge among employees of the organization;

during breaks in work, more than 30 calendar days, and for other work - 60 calendar days (for work that is subject to additional fire safety requirements);

upon receipt of information materials about accidents and fires that occurred in similar industries;

when establishing facts of unsatisfactory knowledge of fire safety requirements by employees of organizations.

27. Unscheduled fire safety briefing is carried out by an employee responsible for ensuring fire safety in the organization, or directly by the work manager (foreman, engineer) who has necessary preparation individually or with a group of workers of the same profession. The volume and content of unscheduled fire safety briefings are determined in each specific case, depending on the reasons and circumstances that necessitated the need for it.

28. Targeted fire safety training is carried out:

when performing one-time work associated with an increased fire danger (welding and other hot work);

when eliminating the consequences of accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes;

when performing work for which a permit is issued, when performing hot work in explosive industries;

when conducting excursions to organizations;

when organizing public events with students;

when preparing for the organization of events with a large number of people (collegium meetings, meetings, conferences, meetings, etc.), with the number of participants more than 50 people.

29. Targeted fire safety briefing is carried out by the person responsible for ensuring fire safety in the organization, or directly by the work manager (foreman, engineer) and in established by the rules fire safety cases - in the work permit for work.

30. Targeted fire safety briefing ends with a test of the employee’s acquired knowledge and skills in using primary fire extinguishing equipment, actions in the event of a fire, knowledge of evacuation rules, assistance to victims, by the person conducting the instruction.

III. Fire technical minimum

31. Managers, specialists and employees of organizations responsible for fire safety are trained in the fire-technical minimum in the amount of knowledge of the requirements of regulatory legal acts regulating fire safety, in terms of the fire regime, the fire hazard of the technological process and production of the organization, as well as techniques and actions when the occurrence of a fire in an organization, allowing one to develop practical skills in preventing fire, saving life, health and property in case of fire.

32. Fire-technical minimum training for managers, specialists and employees of organizations not related to fire and explosion hazardous production is carried out within a month after hiring and thereafter at least once every three years after the last training, and for managers, specialists and employees of organizations related to fire and explosion hazardous production, once a year.

33. Employees of organizations qualified as fire safety engineers (technicians), as well as employees of the federal executive body authorized to solve problems in the field of fire safety and its structural divisions, teachers of educational institutions teaching the discipline “fire safety”, who have continuous work experience in the field of fire safety for at least five years, may not undergo fire-technical minimum training within a year after entering work (service).

34. Responsibilities for organizing fire safety training in the organization rest with its head.

35. Firefighting technical minimum training is organized both off- and on-the-job.

36. Training in fire-technical minimum according to special programs developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure, with a break from production, is carried out by:

managers and chief specialists of the organization or persons performing their duties;

employees responsible for fire safety of organizations and conducting fire safety training;

heads of primary organizations of voluntary fire protection;

heads of country health institutions for children and adolescents;

workers performing gas-electric welding and other hot work;

drivers of fire trucks and mechanics of motor pumps of children's health institutions;

37. Off-the-job training is carried out in educational institutions of the fire-technical profile, training centers of the federal fire service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, educational and methodological centers for civil defense and emergency situations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, territorial divisions of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, in organizations providing in accordance with the established procedure, services for training the population in fire safety measures.

38. Managers and specialists of organizations with explosion- and fire-hazardous production facilities are recommended to undergo training in specialized training centers where special training grounds are equipped that take into account the specifics of production.

39. According to special fire-technical minimum programs developed and approved in accordance with the established procedure, the following are trained directly in the organization:

heads of departments of the organization, managers and chief specialists of fire and explosion hazardous production departments;

employees responsible for ensuring fire safety in departments;

teaching staff of preschool educational institutions;

employees providing 24-hour security for the organization;

citizens participating in the activities of fire departments to prevent and (or) extinguish fires on a voluntary basis;

workers involved in performing explosion and fire hazardous work.

40. Training in special fire-technical minimum programs directly in the organization is carried out by the head of the organization or by a person appointed by order (instruction) of the head of the organization, responsible for fire safety, who has appropriate training.

IV. Testing knowledge of fire safety rules

41. Testing the knowledge of fire safety requirements of managers, specialists and employees of the organization is carried out upon completion of fire-technical minimum training outside of work and is carried out by a qualification commission appointed by order (instruction) of the head of the organization, consisting of at least three people.

42. The qualification commission includes managers and full-time teaching staff of educational organizations and, by agreement, specialists from federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, authorities local government, state fire supervision authorities.

43. To test the knowledge of fire safety requirements of workers who have been trained in the fire safety technical minimum in an organization on the job, by order (instruction) of the head of the organization, a qualification commission is created consisting of at least three people who have been trained and tested their knowledge of fire safety requirements in the established manner ok.

44. The qualification commission for testing knowledge of fire safety requirements consists of a chairman, deputy (deputies) chairman and members of the commission, secretary.

45. Employees undergoing a knowledge test must be familiarized in advance with the program and schedule of the knowledge test.

46. ​​An extraordinary test of knowledge of fire safety requirements for employees of an organization, regardless of the date of the previous test, is carried out:

when approving new or amending regulatory legal acts containing fire safety requirements (in this case, knowledge of only these regulatory legal acts is tested);

when commissioning new equipment and changes in technological processes that require additional knowledge of fire safety rules for workers (in this case, knowledge of fire safety requirements associated with the corresponding changes is checked);

when assigning or transferring employees to another job, if new duties require additional knowledge on fire safety (before they begin to perform their job duties);

at the request of officials of the state fire supervision body, other departmental control bodies, as well as the head (or his authorized person) of the organization when establishing violations of fire safety requirements and insufficient knowledge of fire safety requirements;

after fires have occurred, as well as when identifying violations by employees of the organization of the requirements of regulatory legal acts on fire safety;

if there is a break in work in this position for more than one year;

when carrying out supervision activities by state fire supervision authorities.

47. The scope and procedure for an extraordinary test of knowledge of fire safety requirements are determined by the party initiating it.

48. List test questions to test the knowledge of employees of organizations under the jurisdiction of federal executive authorities, it is developed by the relevant federal executive authorities, taking into account the specifics of production activities and necessarily includes a practical part (actions in case of fire, the use of primary fire extinguishing means).

49. For other organizations, a list of control questions is developed by the heads (owners) of organizations or employees responsible for fire safety.

50. Control over the timely testing of knowledge of fire safety requirements for employees is carried out by the head of the organization.

V. Special programs

51. Special programs are developed and approved by the administrations (owners) of organizations.

55. When preparing special programs Special attention focuses on the practical component of training: the ability to use primary fire extinguishing equipment, actions in the event of a fire, evacuation rules, and assistance to victims.

______________________________

* In these Fire Safety Standards, “organization” means state authorities, local governments, institutions, organizations, peasant (farm) farms, and others legal entities regardless of their organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership.

The procedure and methods are listed in the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations dated December 12, 2007 No. 645 NPB training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations. The second paragraph of the Appendix to the Order states that both the manager and the employees are responsible for the organization and timeliness of instruction. This thesis is continued in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 No. 390, which states that it is prohibited to allow an employee to work without training.

The main types of fire safety training for employees of organizations in 2019 are:

• fire safety training;
• study of fire technical minimum (FTM).

All employees, without exception, must undergo training, and managers and specialists, as well as persons responsible for fire safety at the enterprise, are required to learn fire safety instructions. However, this list is open, and the company’s management may decide to regularly retrain other categories of employees who need it as part of their job (in particular, labor protection specialists).

Briefings

According to paragraphs 12, 17, 22, 27, 29 NPB 645 Training in fire safety measures, an employee who is officially appointed responsible for fire safety by order of management can conduct instructions on the rules of conduct in case of fire. At the same time, in large enterprises there is such a specialist in every department, and he undergoes regular retraining and testing of his knowledge.

The Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations distinguishes the following types of instruction:

1. Introductory. It is carried out when hiring new employees individually or collectively using visual aids and educational materials. Usually ends with extinguishing training and solving test tasks.
2. Primary. His the main task— practice fire extinguishing, evacuation and first aid skills at the employee’s workplace.
3. Repeated. It is carried out annually individually or with a group of workers who work on the same type of equipment. The program and goals are identical to the initial briefing; as a result, each person instructed must confirm their knowledge of fire extinguishing rules, evacuation routes and ability to use a fire extinguisher.
4. Unscheduled. The reasons for its implementation may be different: changes in the technological process, identified violations fire safety requirements, an accident at a similar enterprise or identification of gaps in personnel knowledge.
5. Target. The need for targeted instruction usually arises before performing one-time work that is explosive in nature. It can also be carried out before work to eliminate the consequences of natural disasters and accidents, holding public events or excursions to production sites.

We draw your attention to the fact that paragraph 10 of the Appendix to the Order establishes the need to maintain a log of fire safety briefings, which must contain the signatures of the person being instructed and the person instructing.

Grigory Borisovich Kharlamov, fire safety expert at the TechnoProgress Training Center:

Often, enterprise employees know in theory how to put a fire extinguisher into working condition. However, during a fire, many people get lost and can get injured, for example, burn their hands from touching the metal part of the socket of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. From my own experience, I can recommend conducting practical training on the use of primary fire extinguishing agents various types. They must be carried out after the recharging period of fire extinguishers has expired and without lighting an open fire. Convenient and safe way training - using a trash can. After training, fire extinguishers must be recharged. Training of employees in the fire safety technical minimum can be accompanied by the showing of popular science films and videos on how to evacuate in case of fire correctly and safely. Including using video materials with reports from the sites of high-profile fires, with examples of application fire equipment to save people.

Study of fire-technical minimum

This is a type of fire safety training that is mandatory for managers and a number of specialists, as well as persons responsible for fire safety at an enterprise. It includes thematic plan and a model curriculum divided into several topics.

There are two ways to teach fire safety:

• without interruption from production using the enterprise’s own material and technical base;
• in special training centers that have the appropriate license.

Training can take place in person, with an instructor visiting the employer’s premises for classes, or remotely. Outside of production, it can be carried out for the following persons:

• managers and chief specialists budgetary organization;
• employees responsible for fire safety and training;
• directors of country health-improving children's institutions;
• employees who perform gas-electric welding and other hot work;
• fire truck drivers;
• other categories of employees at the discretion of the management of the budget organization.

It is possible to organize training on the territory of the enterprise - in this case, classes should be conducted either by the manager or an employee appointed by him who has undergone off-the-job training (clauses 30, 40 of the Appendix to the Order). Without interruption from production, PTM can be studied:

• heads of departments and chief specialists of fire and explosion hazardous industries;
• employees responsible for ensuring fire safety;
• teachers of preschool educational institutions;
• 24-hour security staff;
• members of the volunteer fire department.

Current legislation also establishes the frequency of such training: in hazardous industries, knowledge must be updated and checked annually, in other organizations - at least once every three years. At the same time, officials also identify a category of employees who are exempt from this obligation if they have five years of continuous work experience:

• employees with fire safety engineer qualifications;
• teachers of this discipline;
• employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and its departments.

After completing fire safety training in educational institution the employee receives the minutes of the commission meeting and a special certificate of completion of the PTM. If the training took place on the territory of the enterprise, then the certificate is signed by the chairman and members of the qualification commission, which is created from among authorized employees, and is also certified by a seal.

Vadim Mailov, leading occupational safety specialist at Sercons Group of Companies
Fire safety training is carried out according to the regulations specified in the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations No. 645. Carry out in 2 ways:

1. Through a licensed training center.
2. Create a training commission within the organization. Its members must have the appropriate competencies and undergo training.

The first option is more expensive, so it is used infrequently, only when necessary to train a large number of employees. I'll tell you more about the second option. From the moment the commission is created, the enterprise must conduct fire safety training for its employees. At the same time, the mechanism of the learning process is practically not regulated. Here are several options for resolving PB training issues:

1. Conduct training in lecture format. Next, it is necessary to conduct a knowledge test and issue a certificate based on the results.
2. Conduct training using interactive software. People are trained and then tested on a PC.
3. Training can also be completed remotely: if employees are located remotely, you can use video conferencing.

PTM training programs

Each organization must develop a special fire safety training program for employees of organizations, based on the specifics of their work and job responsibilities. In this case, the project must be agreed upon with the territorial body of state fire supervision (clause 53 of Order No. 645). For convenience, in Appendix 3 to paragraph 54 you can find standard forms of programs for various fields activities (for offices, shops, hazardous industries, etc.), each of which contains the following points:

Topic names	Watch
Legislation in the field of fire safety	2
Explore concepts of combustion, explosives and materials	2
Fire hazard in your business	4
Safety measures when performing hazardous work, storing substances and materials.	4
Evacuation	2
Fire protection systems in the organization	2
Organizational basis for ensuring fire safety	5
Actions of engineers, workers and employees during fires	2
Practice	4
Test	1

Responsibility

Fire supervision strictly ensures that enterprise management does not shirk its responsibilities for organizing the study of fire safety regulations. If the manager has not been trained in fire safety measures or allowed employees to work without such knowledge, then this is regarded as a violation of fire safety requirements. The Code of Administrative Offenses provides for a fine for this:

• for organizations - from 150,000 to 200,000 rubles;
• for a manager - from 6,000 to 15,000 rubles (Part 1 of Article 20.4 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation of December 12, 2007 N 645
"On approval of fire safety standards "Training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations"

With changes and additions from:

In accordance with the Federal Law of December 21, 1994 N 69-FZ “On Fire Safety” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1994, N 35, Art. 3649; 1995, N 35, Art. 3503; 1996, N 17, Art. 1911; 1998, N 4, Art. 430; 2000, N 46, Art. 4537; 2001, N 33, Art. 3413; 2002, N 1, Art. 2; N 30, Art. 3033; 2003, N 2 , Art. 167; 2004, N 19, Art. 1839; N 27, Art. 2711; N 35, Art. 3607; 2005, N 14, Art. 1212; N 19, Art. 1752; 2006, N 6, Art. 636; N 44, Art. 4537; N 45, Art. 4640; N 50, Art. 5279; N 52, Art. 5498; 2007, N 43, Art. 5084), by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 11, 2004 No. 868 “Issues of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, No. 28, Art. 2882) I order:

Approve the attached Fire Safety Standards "Training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations."

S.K. Shoigu

Registration N 10938

Fire safety standards “Training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations” establish fire safety requirements for organizing training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations. In these Standards, the organization is understood as government bodies, local government bodies, institutions, organizations, peasant (farm) enterprises, and other legal entities, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership.

The main types of training for employees of organizations in fire safety measures are fire safety instruction and the study of a minimum of fire-technical knowledge.

Conducting fire safety training includes familiarizing employees of organizations, in particular, with the rules for maintaining the territory, buildings (structures) and premises, including evacuation routes, external and internal water supply, fire warning systems and management of the process of evacuation of people, fire safety requirements, based on the specific fire hazard of technological processes, production facilities and facilities; rules for the use of open fire and hot work. According to the nature and timing of the fire safety briefing, it is divided into: introductory, primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted.

Managers, specialists and employees of organizations responsible for fire safety are trained in the fire-technical minimum in terms of the fire regime, the fire hazard of the technological process and production of the organization, as well as techniques and actions in the event of a fire in the organization, allowing them to develop practical skills in fire prevention and rescue life, health of people and property in case of fire. Firefighting technical minimum training is organized both on- and off-the-job, according to specially developed programs. Special programs are drawn up for each category of trainees, taking into account the specifics of professional activity, the characteristics of the performance of duties in the position and the provisions of industry documents.

Upon completion of fire safety training, knowledge of fire safety requirements is tested. The possibility and grounds for conducting an extraordinary inspection have been established.

Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation dated December 12, 2007 N 645 “On approval of fire safety standards “Training in fire safety measures for employees of organizations”

What types of fire safety training are there? Who must pass the fire safety training minimum? Where does this training take place?

Video text:

Let's consider the issue of fire safety, in particular training in fire safety measures. What types of training exist today?

In one of the main documents - the fire regulations of the Russian Federation - one of the first requirements is the following: workers are allowed to independent work only after training in fire safety measures.

What types of fire safety training are there?

The rules say that today there are two types of training. This includes fire safety training and fire safety briefings. Simply put, at any enterprise (private, commercial, public), each employee must have confirmation that he has been trained in the fire-technical minimum or has undergone fire training.

The rules state that the fire-technical minimum passes following categories workers:

1. First of all, these are managers and chief specialists, as well as persons replacing them. That is, there are situations when today there is a manager, and tomorrow he goes on a business trip, gets sick or goes on vacation. Someone must definitely stay in his place, and he must undergo training.

Who are the main specialists? Chief specialists are those employees who develop or organize any events or develop some documents. That is, if the employee has put his signature in the technological process, then he confirms that technological process fully meets fire safety requirements. He is definitely one of the main specialists at the enterprise.

2. The second category of workers are workers who, in accordance with the established procedure, are appointed responsible for fire safety. In practice it looks like this. Let’s say they want to appoint an employee responsible for inspecting primary fire extinguishing equipment, for their technical condition, for the good condition of evacuation routes. Before issuing such an order on of this employee, the manager must be well aware that the employee must undergo training.

3. The next category of workers are workers who conduct fire safety training. In practice, violations often occur when the enterprise has only 20-30 people. Naturally, we do not have our own specialist in occupational safety and fire safety. This is quite normal, but who then conducts this instruction?

Instructions are provided, for example, by a HR specialist, which is also quite acceptable. But if this employee has not undergone fire safety training, this will be a violation. Therefore, before assigning any employee to instruct other employees, he is first sent to fire safety training.

4. The next category of workers is one of the most basic and responsible: these are workers who carry out gas-electric welding and other hot work. Many managers argue that they do not have such work, there are no welders under them, and such work is not carried out. In fact, there are situations when contractors come to an organization and begin to carry out temporary hot work. And here it is very important to understand that employees are allowed to enter the site for such work only after the availability of fire safety training certificates has been verified.

5. The next category of workers are workers who, by decision of the manager, can also undergo this training, or more correctly, other categories of citizen-workers who, by decision of the manager, undergo this training. Why is this necessary? For example, an enterprise has a purchasing service, its employees purchase protective equipment and technical devices fire protection systems. These employees can also undergo this training - it is up to the managers to decide. This is quite acceptable considering the world of work.

All these categories of workers are required to undergo a fire safety training minimum. There are more additions. Thus, these categories of workers must also include managers of country summer camps and drivers of fire trucks.

Where does this training take place?

This training is most often provided through specialized training centers. Based on the results of the training, a knowledge test is carried out and a protocol is drawn up. Based on the protocol, a certificate is issued, which is valid for 3 years.

But there are workers who work in explosive industries or workers who perform gas-electric welding and other hot work. These categories undergo this training annually.

A little hint: if welders from another organization come to the enterprise and want to carry out some work, then they first need to check their certificates. If the last mark on the certificate or the period for issuing the certificate is more than a year, this means there is a delay, and such a specialist is not allowed to work.

This concerns minimum fire safety training.

The next type of training is conducting fire safety briefings. According to the rules, today there are five types of fire safety instructions.

Who has the right to conduct induction training? According to the rules, this is a specially appointed person. That is, a person responsible for conducting these instructions must be appointed. It is appointed from any category of workers: newly admitted students, students, trainees, business travelers, as well as workers of any construction and installation contractors.

What do they tell you at the induction training? There is a certain program, there is a list of questions. This list is made independently, approved by a superior manager and communicated to those employees who will conduct induction training.

The organization must have a log of introductory briefings, which reflects the conduct of each introductory briefing, and employees sign about its completion.

It's a little more complicated. Initial training is most often carried out immediate supervisor divisions. What should be covered at the initial briefing? Again, there is a certain list of questions, which is also compiled independently. But in any case, there are things that need to be clearly understood.

After any briefing, the employee must practically demonstrate three things:

Actions when a fire is detected, actions when there is smoke, when there is a burning smell, when triggered fire alarm;

The employee must show where the escape routes are: everyone understands perfectly well that an escape route is one of the most basic requirements for fire safety;

Workers must practically demonstrate the rules of use or skills in using primary fire extinguishing agents. These are, of course, fire extinguishers.

There is nothing complicated here. Repeated briefing is carried out during the initial briefing and at least once every 12 months, that is, once a year.

Unscheduled briefing is more difficult. You need to know what the grounds are for conducting unscheduled training for employees.

First of all, these are changes. Any changes: protective equipment has changed, the emergency exit has changed, the evacuation plan has changed - an unscheduled briefing must be carried out.

The second basis is based on the results of investigations, accidents, incidents, and any fires. In this case, this unscheduled briefing is again carried out.

Another reason is at the request of supervisory officials.

This fire safety training can be carried out in two cases. The first case is when work is carried out with increased danger. High-risk work is temporary hot work. All temporary hot work is carried out according to an additional document called an access order. When an employee signs the permit, this is actual evidence that the employee signed for the targeted training.