Maintaining a pleasant temperature in the house is not very easy: traditional systems heating systems are static and do not take into account weather changes during the day and season. At the same time, to residents, a difference of several degrees seems significant and can completely destroy the desired comfort. However, in last years Electronics have made it possible to make a huge step in this area, because with its help it is possible to create heating systems that respond to temperature changes almost with the sensitivity of a living organism.
In heating systems with weather control, having received a signal from temperature sensors that it has become warmer or colder outside, programmable controllers, based on a graph depending on the outside air temperature, calculate how much the batteries need to be heated (or cooled) and send a control signal to the valve in the heating circuit . Following the instructions of the controller, it slightly opens or, conversely, partially closes the damper, allowing boiling water from the boiler or heating network to be added to the coolant in strictly required proportions.
The programmable controller responsible for such delicate work, in modern heating systems ah has the most important role. The Moscow company has been developing such devices for over 20 years and has accumulated extensive experience in this area.
Controllers and, developed and manufactured by OWEN, regularly serve in utility systems, regulating the temperature in heating and hot water supply (DHW) circuits. However time is running, and equipment requirements are increasing. Today the company has prepared for release a new controller (Fig. 1) with expanded capabilities, designed to regulate temperature in both one and two independent circuits. In other words, these devices can be used:
In one heating circuit or underfloor heating;
In one DHW circuit;
In two heating circuits;
In two hot water circuits;
In one heating system and one domestic hot water system.
It will be in demand in housing and communal services engineering systems, block individual heating points (IHP), systems with dispatching.
Versatility (one controller can be used for automation various types systems);
Flexibility (easily reconfigured to work with one or two circuits);
Easy to set up.
Controller capabilities
The controller performs all the necessary functions that are in demand today in building engineering systems, including “ smart home" It provides:
Automatic tuning of PID controllers;
Automatic selection of modes (heating/night/summer, etc.);
Diagnostics of emergency situations (breakage of communication lines, pump malfunction);
Setting the values of process parameters using the built-in keyboard or on a PC via the RS‑485 and RS‑232 network;
Support for OWEN, Modbus-RTU, Modbus-ASCII exchange protocols;
Possibility of firmware update ( necessary devices included in the delivery package);
Quick setup of the controller from the panel or using the configurator.
Using the proportional-integral-derivative control law, it controls and regulates the temperature of the coolant in the circuits and the temperature of the return water. In addition, it measures the temperature of outside air, direct water, and pressure in the make-up circuits. The controller generates control signals for the output elements and ensures that the temperature in the circuit is maintained in accordance with a fixed setpoint (for DHW circuits) or a schedule (for heating system circuits). It has a built-in real-time clock to manage the heating schedule. Technical characteristics are presented in table. 1.
The controller is equipped with a symbolic liquid crystal indicator, thanks to which it is convenient to configure and operate the device using a push-button keyboard. The indicator displays measured values, operating modes and messages about emergency situations in system.
For single-circuit systems
The controller allows complete automation of one circuit without additional modules.
Automatic temperature control in the circuit in accordance with the outside air (direct water) temperature schedule or with a given setpoint;
Automatic temperature control trev in accordance with the return water temperature schedule with protection against over/under temperature;
Charge pump control;
Automation of heating and hot water systems is necessary to constantly maintain the set temperature of the coolant and water without direct human intervention.
Benefits of using an automation system
- Heating and hot water system controllers allow you to regulate temperature regime in the heating circuit according to the heating schedule, which depends on the air temperature or on the temperature of direct water from the main;
- automation for water supply maintains the temperature of hot water supply at a given level;
- Controllers for heating and hot water systems help maintain desired temperature heating and hot water systems and change it in accordance with a given schedule: day/night mode, weekdays/weekends and according to an individual schedule specified by the user;
- The heating system controller helps maintain the temperature within return pipeline according to a given schedule in order to avoid fines for exceeding it;
- The replenishment of the heating circuit is automated based on the readings of the pressure sensor in the heating network;
- An automatic transfer of the heating system between the “Winter/Summer” seasons can be configured, with periodic automatic rotation of the circulation pumps;
- Overheating during the thaw is eliminated, energy resources are saved;
- Pump wear is reduced by optimizing the system operation algorithm;
- Alarm signals are configured in accordance with the readings of temperature and pressure sensors in the networks, idle move, electrical protection, etc.
KONTAR controllers for heating and hot water systems
Controllers for heating and hot water systems "Kontar" are freely programmable controllers that are combined into a single network via the RS485 interface, which makes them convenient for creating an extensive, geographically distributed network. To program controllers, the Congraph design environment is used, in which an algorithm is created in the FBD language, which is easy to master for any engineer who is not a programmer. Programs for visualizing processes in the heating and hot water system allow you to monitor parameters in real time, locally or via the Internet.
Installing heating and hot water controllers reduces energy consumption by 30% by optimizing the operation of systems using an individually developed algorithm.
Kontar controllers are suitable for automating projects of any complexity and scale, from small structures to multi-storey building complexes. To expand the system, there is no need to stop existing controllers. Heating and hot water systems are also integrated with other building systems: security systems, energy consumption metering systems, etc.
The following devices are recommended in the Kontar line of programmable controllers for the automation of heating points and heating and water supply systems:
- Programmable controllers - MC8, MC12,
- Expansion module (input/output module) - MA8.
Development of automation projects for heating and hot water systems
For heating points, MZTA offers a library of algorithms. If it does not contain suitable algorithms, you can develop them yourself. The development of algorithms is carried out in a special CONGRAF environment, and then, using the CONSOLE software tool, they are loaded into a programmable controller.
TYPICAL PROJECTS for automation of heating points
A typical heating substation control loop based on a programmable controller usually includes the following functional controls:
- sensors: temperature, pressure, unauthorized access (optional);
- controls for issuing commands in manual mode;
- visualization tools for object operating modes;
- actuators:
- low-power (valve actuators);
- powerful (pumps).
- functional control elements used in the technical solution;
- features of the heating object:
- heated area,
- number of storeys,
- spatial configuration of the location of pipelines and radiators in the heating system of the facility;
- the presence of special zones with special thermal conditions.
Table 1 shows the outputs of programmable controllers that are used to control actuators in the control loop heating point.
Table 1 Outputs of programmable controllers for controlling actuators
| MC8 | Discrete, " Electronic key"(open collector - MS8-301) | 8 | No | 48V, 0.15A (DC) |
| Discrete, “Electronic key” (optocoupler triac - MS8-302) | 8 | Eat | 48V, 0.8A (AC) | |
Analog:
| 2 | No | 0 A – 0.02 A | |
| 1 | Eat | |||
| MC12 | "Dry contact" | 8 | Eat | Up to 250 A AC current Up to 3 A AC current |
Analog:
| 4 | No | 0 A – 0.02 A | |
| RS485 port (Modbus RTU protocol) | 1 | Eat | ||
| MA8 | “Electronic key” (optocoupler triac) | 2 | Eat | 36V, 0.1A (AC) |
Analog:
| 2 | No | 0 A – 0.02 A |
Additional components of spark arresting circuits intended for installation on the connected load are included in the installation kit of the supplied Kontar programmable controllers.
Depending on the features of a particular solution, control signals to actuators can be supplied through:
- analog output 0 V – 10 V;
- discrete output:
- connected directly to the actuator;
- connected to a power switch, which in turn controls the power device;
- RS485 port connected to the actuator via the Modbus RTU protocol.
- specified in the real-time scheduler (built into the programmable controller),
- manual control signals (built-in or plug-in toggle switches, buttons),
- logical sensor signals (presence sensor, temperature sensor),
- analogue sensor signals (temperature, pressure),
- command from the control center,
- command from the Master controller.
Ports and inputs of programmable controllers that can be used in control algorithms for a heating point are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Ports and inputs of programmable controllers for solving heating substation control tasks
| MC8 | MS12 | MA8 | |||||||||||||||||
| RS232 port (for communication with the upper level) / number of ports | +/1 | + | - | ||||||||||||||||
| USB (for communication with the upper level) / number of ports | +/1 | +/1 | - | ||||||||||||||||
| RS485 port / number of ports / presence of galvanic isolation from controller circuits | +/2 /is | +/2 /is | +/1 /is | ||||||||||||||||
| Limit maximum value of the measured parameter at the universal analog input for: | |||||||||||||||||||
| up to 50 mA | up to 50 mA | -
| up to 10V | up to 10V | up to 2.5 V | /number of inputs 50 Ohm ÷ 10 kOhm; /8 | 50 Ohm ÷ 10 kOhm; /8 | 50 Ohm ÷ 10 kOhm; /8 | Discrete input (optoelectronic pair) / number of inputs / presence of galvanic isolation from controller circuits | +/4 /is | +/4 /is | +/4 /is |
*Manual switch (Push button) | +/4
| +/4
| -
|
|
* When the controller is equipped with a built-in (MD8.102) or connected remote (MD8.3) control panel.
The discrete inputs of programmable controllers and expansion modules are designed to connect to them sensors with discrete outputs in the form of a key (relay, open collector, optocoupler triac, etc.). This solution makes it possible to simplify the coordination of programmer inputs with most types of sensors that transmit information about the measured parameter in discrete form.
The binary inputs are galvanically separated from the controller/expansion module circuits.
The measurement function included in the MC8/MC12 programmable controllers and MA8 expansion modules allows you to measure an analog signal depending on the type of sensor/signal:
To correctly connect the sensor to the analog input of a programmable controller or expansion module, a configurator is provided at each input in the form of a contact group on which jumpers are installed. The configurator is located under the cover of the device housing. The locations and number of jumpers to be installed are determined by the type of sensor and its electrical characteristics. Jumpers are included in the delivery package.
Control of heating and hot water systems
Depending on the scale of the task of automating the control of a heating point, the following can be implemented:
- Local control of a heating point in configurations:
- Standalone controller (based on MC8 or MC12).
- Controller network: Master (MC8 or MC12) - Slave (MC12; MC8, MA8).
- Local or remote dispatching lighting control in configurations:
- Single controller (MC8 or MC12)
- Controller network: Master (MC8 or MC12) - Slave (MC12; MC8, MA8)
To organize stationary local control of heating and hot water systems, special control panels equipped with indicators, control buttons and a liquid crystal display can be used:
- MD8.102 – built-in, installed on the housing of the MC8/MC12 programmable controller.
- MD8.3 – remote, usually installed on the door of the automation cabinet
The most convenient organization of local control of heating and hot water systems can be implemented on the basis of an external operator console. External WEINTEK remote controls are recommended for installation.
If adjustments to the algorithms are rarely made, and there are few maintenance specialists, then the use of external control panels can be abandoned. Their role can be played by a portable laptop, tablet or smartphone connected to the controller directly at the location of the heating point via an access point or via a wired interface (USB, Ethernet, RS232). To provide this capability, there are special submodules.
Dispatch, or remote access to an object, can be organized both on the basis of wired solutions (Ethernet, Internet) and on the basis of wireless radio communication technologies, for example, via a GSM modem.
Programmable controllers MC8/MC12, in accordance with a specified list of critical parameters and events, transmit the corresponding data to the dispatch system and/or store them in their internal memory.
www.mzta.ru
Controllers for heating and hot water systems: application patterns and development trends
The word “controller” translated from English means “regulator” or “control device”. According to control theory, it is a device that controls and controls engineering systems and generates control signals for them. Regulators monitor changes in parameters in the facility's engineering systems and respond to this change using a set of control algorithms and corresponding settings.
In Ukraine, 10–15 years ago, such devices were used, for the most part, in heating points and occasionally in boiler houses. Their functions were limited, that is, they were reduced, for example, to controlling one mixing valve or a separate element of the system. In this case, turning on/off boilers or pumps was carried out manually. And the circuits themselves were selected for those algorithms of controller operation that could not fully cover all systems of a heating point or boiler room. Therefore, different parts of the system were controlled by separate controllers - control of heating, hot water supply, pumps, signaling of faults or alarms, etc. All control devices were placed in fairly large control cabinets.
By now the situation has changed dramatically. Now a specialist has the opportunity to create almost any control scheme in which the controller can be used. The volume of software can be quite large because modern devices allow you to store virtually unlimited amounts of information in memory. The speed of data processing has also been significantly increased.
Widespread received so-called “stand alone” controllers, i.e. pre-programmed controllers. These devices are designed to control individual district heating points or decentralized systems. IN modern models controllers are no longer one or two control schemes, as before, but 20 or more. And they can simultaneously control boilers on various types fuels, heat pumps, solar systems, DHW boilers, storage tanks and etc.
Similar devices are supplied to the Ukrainian market by various companies, for example, Danfoss (Denmark), Kromschröder (Germany), Honeywell (USA).
The required boiler temperature is calculated by the controller based on the heat request from the controlled circuits of the heating and domestic hot water systems. Each device can work independently or in local network, in which there can be several controllers at the same time. All parameters, as well as time programs, are preset for each control circuit and allow individual adaptation to the heating system and the requirements of its user.
For example, Smile (Honeywell) controllers (Fig. 1) contain about 20 programs that allow them to be used for 30–40 circuits. The devices can be used locally (with each single controller controlling one to three heating circuits), or combined into one system (up to five devices). The controllers have three free inputs and two free outputs for additional functions management. Variations of heating systems are set at the stage of commissioning the system.
Rice. 1. Smile controller
Changes in operating parameters allow you to achieve a certain level of flexibility in the control of heating systems. Although these controllers have strict operating algorithms, they can be adapted to a specific scheme. Let's say the controller controls a mixing circuit consisting of a valve, a pump and two sensors on the supply and return pipelines. When it changes certain parameters responsible for the mixing valve, you can connect the circulation pump of the hot water supply system to the controller, place the temperature sensors in the heat exchanger - and the controller no longer controls the heating system circuit, but completely controls the operation DHW systems. That is, the same output can be used for different circuit components. This flexibility is relevant when reconstructing premises with additional heating circuits, for example, partial replacement radiator heating on a “warm floor” or expansion of the hot water system. In this case, one controller will control the “warm floor” system, radiator heating, boiler and hot water supply system.
It is possible to connect remote modules with temperature sensors internal air indoors. The connected modules have a knob for changing settings and a mode switch “Economical/Scheduled/Comfortable”, a digital display, and duplicate the controller setting buttons, providing full access mode and remote control. Individual control of a separate heating circuit from one room is possible. To do this, it is necessary to integrate a wall module of a suitable model into the heating system.
Technical characteristics of Smile controllers: power consumption - 5.8 VA, operate from a household network alternating current. Protection degree IP 30. Dimensions (WxHxD) – 144x96x75 mm. The body is made of ABS plastic with antistatic coating. Maximum length buses – 100 m. The device is mounted on the wall using terminal boxes.
Modern controllers are suitable both for creating weather-dependent systems for regulating the temperature of the coolant flow (for example, radiators, convectors), and for systems where it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature of the coolant (for example, underfloor heating systems, or for swimming pools) through mixing circuits, including solar systems.
By using several “stand alone” controllers, you can create a fairly large and complex system control, suitable even for large public building.
IN individual construction controllers allow you to organize systems in which it is possible to use various heat generators, including those using alternative sources energy.
It is almost impossible to create such systems without controllers. After all, all their components have different algorithms and operating modes. It is advisable to turn on an electric boiler at night, when the electricity tariff is cheaper (with multi-tariff metering). Or use a heat pump at the same time. During daylight hours, the solar system collectors are turned on, and during peak loads on the hot water supply in the morning and evening, you cannot do without gas boiler. Accordingly, it is possible to turn off the electric boiler in daytime. In this case, all heat sources work on the accumulator, the temperature in which also needs to be controlled and, in accordance with it, the operation of the entire system must be balanced. At the same time, a work schedule is established by time of day and days of the week.
Combined schemes
One of the current ones is the use of gas and electric boilers or a gas boiler and a solid fuel boiler in one system (the first as the main one, the second as an additional one) (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Scheme with the joint use of electric and gas boilers: AF, WF1, WF2, VF1, RLF1, SF – temperature sensors (outside air, boilers, coolant in the supply and return pipelines, hot water storage tank); MK1 – three-way mixing valve with electric drive; Tmax – overhead thermostat; P1, SLP, ZKP – pumps
In the first case, since it is advisable to turn on the electric boiler at night, when the electricity tariff is lower, a timer with a daily, weekly schedule and a weekend program is used. In the second case, in the absence of gas, a solid fuel boiler will ensure that the heating and hot water systems operate at the required level. Also, heat sources using various types of fuel make it possible to ensure reliable operation of the system under other certain force majeure circumstances.
In this case, the controller provides control of the boilers, limitation maximum temperature at the outlet of the boilers, stepless (smooth) control of the gas boiler with optimal load on it. It is possible to organize work management taking into account the air temperature in the room and weather correction. Anti-freeze, automatic anti-legionella, and priority functions available hot water.
Connection heat pump allows you to create systems in which alternative energy is the base for heating water in buffer capacity(Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Use of a gas boiler, heat pump and buffer tank: AF, WF, VF1, KSPF, VE1, SF – temperature sensors for outside air, boiler, coolant on the supply pipeline, at the inlet and outlet of water from the buffer tank, hot water storage tank; KVLF – water temperature sensor; MK1, VA1– three way valves with electric drive; P1 – pump of the mixing circuit of the heating system; VA2 – buffer tank loading pump from the heat pump
At the same time, automation will provide control of the water temperature at the outlet of the heat pump and optimization of equipment operation processes. In this scheme, the base heat source is the heat pump, and the gas boiler covers the peak load of the system. Greater freedom in choosing fuel can be provided by a scheme using a solid fuel boiler and solar collector (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Scheme using a solid fuel boiler, solar collector and buffer tank: AF, WF1, VF1, VE1, SF, VE2, KSPF, KRLF, KVLF – temperature sensors of the outside air, boiler, coolant on the supply pipeline, at the water outlet from the buffer tank , DHW storage tank, water at the inlet to the DHW storage tank from the solar collector, at the water inlet to the buffer tank, at the water inlet to solar collector, water in the solar collector; MK1, MK2, U1 – three-way mixing valves with an electric drive (heating system circuit, to maintain the set temperature at the inlet to the solid fuel boiler, valve between the buffer tank and the solar collector); P1 – heating mixing circuit pump
This ensures the maintenance of a given temperature at the inlet and outlet of the boiler, control of the water temperature in the solar collector, and switching of the flow of water entering the solar collector from the hot water tank and buffer tank. Parallel weather-compensated operation with a mixing heating circuit is possible.
To create large heating systems, it is often necessary to connect boilers in a cascade, which controllers can also handle (Fig. 5). At the same time, they are provided optimal parameters and recording the operating hours of each heat generator.
Rice. 5. Connecting gas boilers in a cascade: AF, WF1, WF2, VF1, VF2, VF3, SF, RLF1, RLF2 – temperature sensors for outside air, boiler, coolant in the supply pipeline, hot water storage tank, water in the return pipeline; MK1, MK2, MK3, R1, R2 – three-way mixing valves with electric drive
In any case, for specific conditions, you can choose the most appropriate scheme, of which manufacturers of control devices offer dozens.
Perspective – universal controller
Currently, there is a noticeable trend towards more complex building air conditioning systems. Controller developers are adapting to this trend accordingly.
These devices already allow you to send data about the operation of systems via mobile communications or via the Internet. For example, in the United States, touchscreen monitors with the ability to integrate with smartphone operating systems such as Android have become widespread. Thus, it is possible to remotely control the operating parameters of climate control systems, which may include not only heating, but also ventilation systems, air conditioning, security and fire systems.
Because the different manufacturers protected their products with various data transfer protocols, controllers have now appeared that allow the use of all existing protocols (for example, CentraLine (Honeywell)). This is especially true in the case of installing regulators at modernized facilities.
However, with the increasing complexity of systems, the question arises of creating a kind of universal controller. This is currently the main perspective and challenge for developers. A single controller, depending on the software embedded in it, can be used to control various engineering systems of a building. This is a kind of small computer for which you only need to install the “software” under specific tasks and program it directly for a specific object.
The difficulty of implementing freely programmable controllers lies, first of all, in the high cost of the software. In addition, the issue of compliance with the level of training of the user, the availability of qualified service personnel and preventing unauthorized interference in the operation of control devices.
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Controllers for heating and hot water systems
Home Catalog of products ARIES Meters-regulators ARIES Controllers ARIES for heating, hot water supply, ventilation, air conditioning systems Control controllers for heating and hot water supply systems
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The industrial controller OWEN TRM32 is designed for monitoring and regulating temperature in heating and hot water supply circuits.
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The industrial controller OWEN TRM32 is designed for monitoring and regulating temperature in heating and hot water supply circuits.
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The industrial heating and hot water controller OWEN TRM32 is designed to control and regulate the temperature in heating and hot water supply circuits.
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TRM132M heating and hot water system controllers in combination with primary converters, an MP1 expansion module and actuators are designed to monitor and regulate the temperature in heating and hot water circuits, display the measured temperature and operating modes on the built-in indicator and generate control signals for the built-in output elements and output elements of the module MP1.
Controllers for heating systems from the OWEN company are characterized by increased reliability and noise immunity. Modifications of devices such as TRM32-Shch4 or TRM132M are made in housings made of impact-resistant ABS plastic and are able to operate effectively even in the harshest industrial conditions. These devices not only regulate the temperature of the heating and hot water circuits, but also protect the system from overestimating the temperature of the return water returned to the heating plant.
If you need a reliable and accurate heating control controller, we advise you to pay attention to devices that are manufactured under the ARIES brand. These devices maintain a given temperature level in the system circuits. Heating controllers also provide the ability to automatically switch modes, for example, “day-night”. The device is easy to program and has a clear interface.
In addition, controllers for heating systems also perform protective function. They regulate the temperature of the return water returned to the heating plant. In case of overheating, heating controllers reduce the readings to normal values, thereby protecting the equipment.
Why is it worth buying a DHW controller on our website?
Here you will find controllers for heating systems that differ in:
- number of inputs and outputs;
- body type;
- interface for data configuration on PC, etc.
Each DHW controller presented on the website meets international quality and safety standards, which is confirmed by relevant certificates. In addition, we offer each buyer:
- Low prices. We sell controllers for heating systems at manufacturer prices. We also provide various discounts and bonuses.
- Warranty and post-warranty service. OvenKomplektAvtomatika specialists have at least 5 years of experience working with devices such as controllers for heating systems.
- Delivery throughout Russia. We will deliver your heating control controller by courier service throughout Moscow and the region. We send devices to the regions by mail, express mail and transport companies.
Rice. 1. Smile controller
Changes in operating parameters allow you to achieve a certain level of flexibility in the control of heating systems. Although these controllers have strict operating algorithms, they can be adapted to a specific scheme. Let's say the controller controls a mixing circuit consisting of a valve, a pump and two sensors on the supply and return pipelines. If you change certain parameters responsible for the mixing valve, you can connect a hot water supply system circulation pump to the controller, place temperature sensors in the heat exchanger - and the controller no longer controls the heating system circuit, but completely controls the operation of the hot water system. That is, the same output can be used for different circuit components. This flexibility is relevant when reconstructing premises with the equipment of additional heating circuits, for example, partially replacing radiator heating with “warm floors” or expanding the hot water system. In this case, one controller will control the “warm floor” system, radiator heating, boiler and hot water supply system.
It is possible to connect remote modules with indoor air temperature sensors. The connected modules have a knob for changing settings and a mode switch “Economical/Scheduled/Comfortable”, a digital display, and duplicate the controller setting buttons, providing full access and remote control mode. Individual control of a separate heating circuit from one room is possible. To do this, it is necessary to integrate a wall module of a suitable model into the heating system.
Technical characteristics of Smile controllers: electricity consumption - 5.8 VA, operate from a household AC network. Protection degree IP 30. Dimensions (WxHxD) - 144x96x75 mm. The housing is made of ABS plastic with antistatic coating. The maximum bus length is 100 m. The device is mounted on the wall using terminal boxes.
Modern controllers are suitable both for creating weather-dependent systems for regulating the temperature of the coolant flow (for example, radiators, convectors), and for systems where it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature of the coolant (for example, underfloor heating systems, or for swimming pools) through mixing circuits, including solar systems.
By using several “stand alone” controllers, it is possible to create a fairly large and complex control system, suitable even for a large public building.
In individual construction, controllers make it possible to organize systems in which it is possible to use various heat generators, including those using alternative energy sources.
It is almost impossible to create such systems without controllers. After all, all their components have different algorithms and operating modes. It is advisable to turn on an electric boiler at night, when the electricity tariff is cheaper (with multi-tariff metering). Or use a heat pump at the same time. During daylight hours, the solar system collectors are turned on, and during peak loads on the hot water supply in the morning and evening, you cannot do without a gas boiler. Accordingly, it is possible to turn off the electric boiler during the daytime. In this case, all heat sources work on the accumulator, the temperature in which also needs to be controlled and, in accordance with it, the operation of the entire system must be balanced. At the same time, a work schedule is established by time of day and days of the week.
Combined schemes
One of the current ones is the use of gas and electric boilers or a gas boiler and a solid fuel boiler in one system (the first as the main one, the second as an additional one) (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Scheme with the combined use of electric and gas boilers:
AF, WF1, WF2, VF1, RLF1, SF - temperature sensors (outside air, boilers, coolant in the supply and return pipelines, hot water storage tank); MK1 - three-way mixing valve with electric drive; Tmax - overhead thermostat; P1, SLP, ZKP - pumps
In the first case, since it is advisable to turn on the electric boiler at night, when the electricity tariff is lower, a timer with a daily, weekly schedule and a weekend program is used. In the second case, in the absence of gas, a solid fuel boiler will ensure that the heating and hot water systems operate at the required level. Also, heat sources using various types of fuel make it possible to ensure reliable operation of the system under other certain force majeure circumstances.
In this case, the controller provides control of the boilers, limitation of the maximum temperature at the outlet of the boilers, stepless (smooth) control of the gas boiler with optimal load on it. It is possible to organize work management taking into account the air temperature in the room and weather correction. Anti-freeze, automatic legionella protection and hot water priority functions are available.
Connecting a heat pump allows you to create systems in which alternative energy is the base for heating water in a buffer tank (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Using a gas boiler, heat pump and buffer tank:
AF, WF, VF1, KSPF, VE1, SF - temperature sensors for outside air, boiler, coolant on the supply pipeline, at the inlet and outlet of water from the buffer tank, and the hot water storage tank; KVLF - water temperature sensor; MK1, VA1 - three-way valves with electric drive; P1 - pump of the mixing circuit of the heating system; VA2- buffer tank loading pump from the heat pump
At the same time, automation will provide control of the water temperature at the outlet of the heat pump and optimization of equipment operation processes. In this scheme, the base heat source is the heat pump, and the gas boiler covers the peak load of the system. Greater freedom in choosing fuel can be provided by a scheme using a solid fuel boiler and solar collector (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Scheme using a solid fuel boiler, solar collector and buffer tank:
AF, WF1, VF1, VE1, SF, VE2, KSPF, KRLF, KVLF - temperature sensors for outside air, boiler, coolant on the supply pipeline, at the water outlet from the buffer tank, the DHW storage tank, water at the inlet to the DHW storage tank from the solar collector, at the water inlet to the buffer tank, at the water inlet to the solar collector, water in the solar collector; MK1, MK2, U1 - three-way mixing valves with an electric drive (heating system circuit, to maintain the set temperature at the inlet to the solid fuel boiler, valve between the buffer tank and the solar collector); P1 - heating mixing circuit pump
This ensures the maintenance of a given temperature at the inlet and outlet of the boiler, control of the water temperature in the solar collector, and switching of the flow of water entering the solar collector from the hot water tank and buffer tank. Parallel weather-compensated operation with a mixing heating circuit is possible.
To create large heating systems, it is often necessary to connect boilers in a cascade, which controllers can also handle (Fig. 5). This ensures optimal parameters and accounting of the operating hours of each heat generator.
Rice. 5. Connecting gas boilers in a cascade:
AF, WF1, WF2, VF1, VF2, VF3, SF, RLF1, RLF2 - temperature sensors for outside air, boiler, coolant in the supply pipeline, hot water storage tank, water in the return pipeline; MK1, MK2, MK3, R1, R2 - three-way mixing valves with electric drive
In any case, for specific conditions, you can choose the most appropriate scheme, of which manufacturers of control devices offer dozens.
Perspective - universal controller
Currently, there is a noticeable trend towards more complex building air conditioning systems. Controller developers are adapting to this trend accordingly.
These devices already allow you to send data about the operation of systems via mobile communications or via the Internet. For example, in the United States, touchscreen monitors with the ability to integrate with smartphone operating systems such as Android have become widespread. Thus, it is possible to remotely control the operating parameters of climate control systems, which may include not only heating, but also ventilation systems, air conditioning, security and fire systems.
Since different manufacturers protected their products with different data transfer protocols, controllers have now emerged that allow the use of all existing protocols (for example, CentraLine (Honeywell)). This is especially true in the case of installing regulators at modernized facilities.
However, with the increasing complexity of systems, the question arises of creating a kind of universal controller. This is currently the main perspective and challenge for developers. A single controller, depending on the software embedded in it, can be used to control various engineering systems of a building. This is a kind of small computer for which you only need to install “software” for specific tasks and program it directly for a specific object.
The difficulty of implementing freely programmable controllers lies, first of all, in the high cost of the software. In addition, the issue of compliance with the level of user training, the availability of qualified maintenance personnel and the exclusion of unauthorized interference in the operation of control devices is relevant.
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: appearance, housing, front panel and reliable inner filling, differs only in special software with PID control. TRC-03 DHW (hereinafter referred to as thermostat, differential controller, temperature controller or device) is designed to operate in hot water supply systems[DHW] (for example, with an indirect heating boiler) and a three-way mixing valve, or for use in other industrial and technological processes, which require differential thermal control from two digital temperature sensors (DTC or temperature sensors), in order to maintain the temperature of hot water or other liquid in a container [tank, heat exchanger, etc.] at a user-specified level by controlling the servo drive of a three-way mixing valve and the load [for example, pump, heating element, etc.].
Photo 1. Appearance of the TRC-03 DHW controller.
Photo 2. TRC-03 DHW controller in operation.
The device is capable of controlling one circuit of the heating system - two loads simultaneously: circulation pump [maximum active power no more than 270 W]; servo drive of a three-way mixing tap (valve)[with maximum active power servo drive no more than 270 W with a supply voltage of 220-230 V with 3-position control (OO)], for example, V70 and V70F servo drives can be used MUT Meccanica article number 7.030.00776 (V70 50 230 OO or V70F 100 230 OO) or similar servo drives from other manufacturers ( for example, ESBE servo drives ARA600 series three-point 230V AC), in order to maintain the target coolant temperature at a given level according to the selected weather-dependent curve, with the display of controlled temperatures from temperature sensors on the built-in LED indicator.
Information on weather-dependent controller TRC-03 DHW
Features of the temperature controller
- PID control;
- installation in a standard housing on a DIN rail;
- a modern microcontroller is used;
- digital temperature sensor for measuring coolant temperature;
- digital temperature sensor for measuring hot water temperature;
- digital LED indication;
- circulation pump control;
- control of the servo drive of the SPDT mixing tap [valve] with a supply voltage of 220-230 V;
- Triac switches are used to control loads ( electromagnetic relays are not used), which improves the durability and reliability of the device;
** The manufacturer reserves the right to make changes to the packaging, appearance of the temperature controller, as well as its circuitry and operating modes without compromising the technical characteristics of the device.
Some technical characteristics of the device
- Rated supply voltage: ~220 [+/-5%] V;
- Rated frequency: 50Hz;
- Maximum switching power of active load (low-power output 1): 270 W;
- Maximum switching power of active load (low-power output 2): 270 W;
- Temperature sensor type: external, digital;
- Number of channels: two;
- Accuracy of temperature measurement by temperature sensor: 0.1 o C;
- Temperature display resolution: 1 o C;
- Measured temperature range: -40...+99 o C;
- Temperature of liquids to be displayed on the indicator: 0...+99 o C;
- Indicator type: LED;
- Control type: digital (electronic) using a microcontroller;
- Power consumption of the thermostat (excluding the consumption of loads connected to it): no more than 5 W;
- Mounting type: DIN rail;
- Width of the tremor control housing: about 70 mm;
- Degree of protection: IP20;
- Ambient air temperature in the room where the thermostat is installed: 0...+40 o C;
- Weight: about 120 grams;
- Compatible servos:V70 and V70F MUT Meccanica article number 7.030.00776 (V70 50 230 OO or V70F 100 230 OO); ESBE ARA 600 series: ARA 661, ARA 671, ARA 651, ARA 662, ARA 691, ARA 672, ARA 692 ...; WATTS (Water Technologies): 3-way mixing valves V3GB with M60W servo drive; MEIBES: Meibes plus ST10/230; VALTEC: VT.M106.0.230; Vexve AM: article numbers 1920751, 1920750 and 1920749.
Diagram of a hot water supply system with a thermostat TRC-03 GVS
Photos from a real facility where the TRC-03 GVS temperature controller is installed and used to automate the hot water supply system.
 Photo 1. TRC-03 DHW controller, displaying hot water temperature. |
 Photo 2. V70F MUT Meccanica servo drive in operation with the TRC-03 DHW thermostat. |
 Photo 3. V70 MUT Meccanica servo drive and temperature sensor in conjunction with a thermostat. |
 Photo 4. Installing the thermal sensor into the sleeve and pouring thermal paste. |
