Installing a motion sensor on lighting: three schemes correct connection, step-by-step instruction, as well as answers to questions about response times. + TEST for self-test.

Connected correctly to the light bulb sensor, a person will have the opportunity to avoid energy costs. Motion Sensor very convenient. It turns the light on and off without a person. But to connect, you should know about the nuances that it is not advisable to violate.

TEST:

To understand whether you have sufficient information to self-connection and sensor settings, you should take a short test:

1. What is the difference between the black and red wires inside the device? a) Red should be connected to the phase conductor, and black to the system neutral conductor.
   b) Nothing, these are the same wires, having different colors depending on the model of the device.
2. Is it allowed to mount the sensor near windows? a) Yes.
   b) No.
3. If inside an apartment or private house there are many windows through which daylight penetrates, then which sensor with which regulator should be purchased? a) “Sense”.
   b) "Lux".
4. What should you do if the purchased sensor, which is equipped with a “Sense” regulator, does not work when a person walks right past it? a) Increase its sensitivity.
   b) Reduce sensitivity.

Right answers:

1. b) The wires differ in color; they differ depending on the selected sensor model.
2. b) Sensors cannot be installed near windows, since daylight will interfere with its operation and the device will have to be adjusted to the desired level of illumination.
3. b) If there are many windows and sources in the house daylight, then a “Lux” sensor is required. It will trigger when there is less light inside the room.
4. a) If the sensor does not work when a person walks directly in front of it, then the sensitivity level of the device should be increased.

Operating principle and 4 types of motion sensors for lighting

Motion Sensor catches the location of the object and runs after that necessary actions. If the device is connected to electricity, then in response to any human movements, the device will close the circuit and turn on the lighting.

This is done due to changes occurring in the thermal field as the temperature rises. The process occurs due to air fluctuations in the room.

The operating principle will differ depending on the type of equipment.

1. An infrared device detects changes in the thermal field.
2. Microwaves and ultrasonics work using sound vibrations.
3. The ultrasonic sensor is the most modern because it scans movement even through obstacles - through a wall.
4. The combined device is capable of detecting several types of radiation at once.

It is worth noting that to connect lighting to motion sensor 12v will be enough.

In order for the device to always start functioning on time, you need to choose the right place:

1. It is advisable to mount the device near the ceiling or doorway, so that current can be supplied when a person comes from a lighted room to a dark one.
2. Installing the selected sensor in the center of the wall is contraindicated - the door will disappear from the viewing area.
3. The device should be located further from the windows, otherwise the sensor will additionally have to be adjusted to the optimal degree of illumination.
4. When there are several doors in a room, it is necessary to install several sensors. But there is an option to mount one, in the very corner of the room. To do this, you should buy a device with a space coverage of 120 degrees.
5. When installing equipment on landing, it is best to mount it to the ceiling and above the stairs so that the device picks up vibrations at the bottom and top of the stairs.

Otherwise, the device will not work at all as expected.

3 connection diagrams

There are several ways to properly connect the device to the electrical network. You need to follow three paths:

For each specific situation You will need to choose one of these connection methods. Conditions are always different and there is no universal option.

1. PUE 6.5.7;
2. SNiP 05/23/95.

How to connect a motion sensor

8 steps to connect the sensor

Lighting fixtures will work correctly only if they are installed in a certain way:

1. In the room where the device is installed, it is necessary to turn off the electricity. This is done by clicking on toggle switch, located on electric shield in the house. If the installation takes place in a multi-storey apartment, then the “box” is located in the corridor.
2. From the back of the structure sensor You should carefully remove the cover behind which the terminals will be located. This is done using a screwdriver. There will be small screws at the bottom of the device. They need to be unscrewed.
3. Inside the sensor there are several wires that have different colour. The brown one must be connected to the phase conductor, which is pulled through the junction box. Blue connects to the neutral conductor. There is a red or black wire inside the device. Both of them will play a role in the output terminal - it is this terminal that will connect the sensor to lighting devices.
4. You need to make a small hole for the wires to come out. It is worth noting that after installation they will not be noticeable to anyone behind the equipment, so there is no need to worry about the aesthetic appearance.
5. The wire that will stick out from the wall must be inserted into the hole in the cover, which must be immediately attached to the wall. The electrical wiring should be located exclusively vertically, since otherwise it can easily be damaged when fastening is carried out.
6. The power cable should be shortened, the length should be no more than 7 cm - this is quite enough for correct installation. 5 mm of the insulating layer must be removed from the cores. This is necessary in order to connect the cable to the device (terminals).
7. conductive wire electricity, you need to connect to the L, N and LC terminals located on the device.
8. Now the housing should be mounted on the selected area. The terminal block must be placed in a niche located on the rear wall.

It is also important to know: During installation sensor, All wires should be carefully bent so that they do not interfere with the assembly of the device.

There are situations when sensor must be connected together with the switch. This must be done so that the switch communicates with the lighting fixture and sensor. This is done in the following way:

1. There is a wire that will stretch from the switch to the light bulb.
2. You need to connect another one to it, which will go to the red contact.
3. We take the wire that is located on the other side of the switch and insert it into the contact painted in Brown color. It will automatically turn off the glow.
4. The wire that belongs to the lamp must be pulled to the terminal sensor movements.

Connecting a motion sensor for lighting

1 operating error

It is worth noting that very often people make mistakes when installing sensor There are often cases when poor contact is made at the neutral wire. This can happen if something gets inside the device. construction garbage, or the terminals are poorly connected. This creates a layer of soot, which promotes heating. The contact will disappear due to oxidation.

It is also important to know: 2 nuances about wires.

If sensor does not work, you must first check all the wires, clean them of debris and carbon deposits, if necessary, and then firmly press them. If the aluminum strands become deformed or break, then this will cause the entire system to malfunction. To check the condition, you need to use a voltmeter - the probe should be placed at the terminals. But there are situations when the device does not work even when voltage is detected using the device. Then the lamp needs to be replaced.

It may happen that the light does not go out even if the equipment is fully operational. To solve this problem, you need to check the time period that is set to sensor Most likely, the value turned out to be too large and the contact responsible for the operation of the lamp cannot open. Then you need to set the time delay for a shorter period.

Answers to 5 Frequently Asked Questions about Setting the Trigger Time

People often ask questions about the time that should be set on the device. Must be installed right time triggering.

1. Sensor the light that is placed on the stairs must be placed for a few minutes, since few people linger on the landing anymore. There should be enough time to, for example, find the keys and open the door with them.
2. When installed in utility room You should set the time to 15 minutes, because you need to find something in this room and then take it out.
3. It is necessary to set the response delay after sensor will record the movement. To correctly set this value, you need to know the speed of a person’s movement. For example, if the owner of the apartment quickly crosses the corridor, then an abbreviated parameter called “Time” should be created.
4. The “Lux” regulator must be adjusted so that the device turns on when the lighting becomes less.
   If the room has a lot of windows through which daylight is distributed, it is necessary to equip the room exclusively with sensor, which has a “Lux” regulator.
5. The sensitivity of the device is determined by the “Sense” parameter. Its value will be influenced by the distance of the device from the moving person, his weight, forcing sensor turn on. Therefore, in a situation where the device is triggered at the wrong moment, it is necessary to reduce its sensitivity. You need to think about a promotion when sensor does not trigger when a person walks past it.

Top 3

There are many types sensors But there are three manufacturers. They guarantee quality and reliability.

1. Theben.
2. Rev Ritter.
3. Camelion.

Motion Sensor- this is a complex device that must be adjusted according to individual characteristics. If you ignore the rules, the device will not work in the intended mode. There is no need to purchase a device at a high price, since there are not too expensive models on sale that have already proven themselves on the market as a reliable tool. The most suitable options. It is best to buy them for your home.

By following all the instructions, you can customize the equipment to suit your individual needs. In such a situation there are problems with work sensor it will be possible to avoid it wisely.

If malfunctions occur, they are quite easy to fix yourself.

A fairly common practice is sound and motion sensors in the house. We suggest you consider how to make motion sensors with your own hands, instructions, diagrams and photos in our article.

How the device works

The operation of the device is based on the reception and transmission of impulses emanating from the vibration of air (or water, for example, in swimming pools) while moving (and it does not matter whether it is a car, a person or an animal). The functionality of the device may vary depending on the requirements for it. There are several types of motion sensors:

• thermal (react to temperature changes in the reachable field). The most striking example is an infrared or laser sensor, mainly used in security systems;
• sound (transmit and receive impulse when air vibrates from sounds). A very simple device, used to record movement in open space;
• oscillatory (respond to vibrations environment and change magnetic field when moving within reach). They are most often used in an apartment or house to turn on or off lights, sound, and other things.

Motion sensor design

How to make a sensor

Let's look at how the most common motion sensor for alarm is created. It is done based on this scheme

Motion sensor circuit

You need to prepare the following tools and parts:

• voluminous body (can be taken from an old camera);
• Soviet-style control element base (buy at any electrical goods store or at a flea market);
• soldering machine;
• wires;
• screws;
• screwdriver;

Step by step guide

An autodyne is assembled on the basis of a transistor, which has now become a local oscillator and a mixing device for signaling. As soon as air vibrations (movement) are detected in the field protected by the device, the signal level will change. It fully corresponds to the Doppler shift, and will be equal to several hertz.

Video: how to make a motion sensor with your own hands

Next, with the help of a capacitor (in the diagram C2) and a low-pass filter (shown as C1, L3, the pulse will be sent to the alarm contact, which will also be a filtering part. Thanks to this, the pulse will reach its maximum and maintain these parameters for a certain time. Resistor (on Figure R11) will adjust the sensitivity of the circuit.

The comparators in this case are VD3 - a zener diode and a small relay (K1). It is imperative to take into account that the nominal mains voltage is 11 volts. Because of this, we also recommend connecting a signal-boosting stabilizer to the circuit.

Step two: adjust the board to the required parameters

There is an antenna at the top of our board; it needs to be thoroughly polished and treated with degreasing solutions; it is very advisable to cover it with rosin or at least acetone, because there is a high probability of oxidation of the antenna material during its use.

Next you need to wrap coil L1 and coil L2 with twelve turns of small-section wire (we took PEL-0.23).

Using a screw with a diameter of 3, screw the bushing to the central hole of the future sensor, secure it, and check the strength of the connection.

Now let's start fitting our body. We measure it, we need the board to fit into the box freely, i.e. the body is either sawn or another one is selected. In it we mark the location of the center of the board and there we also drill a similar hole, as in the diagram, treat it with acetone, and try on the board.

Three millimeters need to be drilled into the corners of the housing where installation is taking place. electrical diagram. Some deviation is allowed depending on your mounting screws.

The screws, sleeve and plates can be of any material, but be sure to check that the holes and legs are even. In some cases, you will still need to drill holes for future LEDs, but basically they are visible through the body.

The simplest sensor is ready, when assembled it will look something like this. The installation is carried out according to a clear scheme: we connect a room lamp or a fluorescent lamp to the detector.

Motion Sensor

How to make a laser motion sensor

In the movies, everyone has seen lasers that signal the entry of robbers into a bank. Making an electronic motion sensor with your own hands using a laser is also not as difficult as it seems. You need to prepare the following components:

• infrared diode or photodiode, depending on capabilities and requirements;
• capacitive relay type RES55A,
• wire diagram;
• transistor and resistor blocks;
• Charger at 5 volts;
• multimeter;
• other tools and parts (gasket, screws, soldering iron).

First, let's disassemble the charger. We expose the wires and find positive and negative contacts there. Next, according to the rules, we need to set our resistor to minus. Now we connect a diode to it using a cathode, and the anode must be soldered to the adjustment resistor. Next, we solder the transistor emitter to the negative wire and connect a resistor to the base circuit.

In total, we get: resistor - minus, contactor - to the relay, relay - signaling device. Schematic diagram infrared sensor looks something like this:

Schematic diagram of a motion sensor

Using a screw, you need to attach this entire structure to the gasket, and connect the power wire to the screw head. Important: install the connecting screw so that it rests against the spacer spring; in this circuit it is a sensitive part.

This light alarm can be installed anywhere as long as there is an outlet nearby. It is most logical to place it at foot level.

Any of the above options can be customized to suit individual needs.

1. The webcam itself can act as a motion indicator. If you connect it to the alarm, it will even make sounds, but in most cases it is enough to just download a special program to your computer;
2. When connecting the sensor to the lighting system, make sure that there are no fans or large household appliances within its reach;
3. To create with your own hands " smart home» We recommend using a touch switch. The fact is that in most cases there is already a built-in motion sensor;
4. Select diodes for your laser carefully. IR radiation can be harmful to the eyes, so it is not recommended for domestic use;
5. Car alarms are made using a similar principle. Only to schematic diagram an audible alarm is also attached. When the sensor detects movement, a light comes on and a tone sounds, similar to a metal detector. Such a device is also called a radar sensor;
6. If desired, include a capacitive display in the circuit; it will display the “Work” and “Stop” indicators. Or connect the monitor to a circuit similar to a webcam, and get a full-fledged home video surveillance network;
7. It is quite possible to make a GSM alarm on a regular phone; to do this, you just need to download the program, just like on a PC.

If you need to carry out repairs, then all the indicators can be disassembled very quickly and basically the problem lies in the contacts, just clean them.

When you simply don’t have time to make motion sensors yourself, you can buy them at any electrical store, good feedback about GrandWay and Siemens models. average price device - 500 rubles.

Today in this review article we will look at various schemes turning on the motion sensor. If you bought such a sensor, the easiest way is to connect it according to the diagram given in the instructions (at the end of this article).

But there are advanced connection schemes that add functionality.

Differences between a motion sensor and a regular switch

A motion sensor can be thought of as a regular light switch, which has three differences from a regular switch.

1. Installation location. Everything is clear here.
2. The pins cannot be swapped, unlike a conventional switch.
3. The motion sensor, just like a regular switch, breaks the phase conductor, but you need to connect another wire to it - neutral.
4. A conventional switch responds to a hand, a sensor – to movement in its operating area.
5. The switch turns off by hand, and the motion sensor turns off after a certain time.

Schemes for connecting a motion sensor

The motion sensor connection circuit is a classic option.

No special explanation is required here, everything is the same as with connecting a regular one key switch. If it is necessary to disable the operation of the sensor, but do so, keep the lights on all the time, then a connection circuit with a parallel switch is used:

The neutral wire and pin designations are not shown in the diagram for simplicity. As can be seen from the explanation in the diagram, such an additional switch is useful when it is necessary for the lighting lamp to be constantly supplied with voltage, regardless of movement in the controlled area.

It is enough to turn off the switch and the light will go out either immediately or after the sensor automatically turns off. Advanced motion sensor connection contains two additional switches.

Extended control of the motion sensor - via switch S2, and in parallel with switch S1.

In this circuit, the connection of the motion sensor is done through an additional switch, which completely turns off the circuit. This is necessary, for example, for those cases when lighting is not required at all, but turn off circuit breaker on this group lighting is inappropriate.

In practice, the latter scheme is the most preferable. That is, a motion sensor requires a two-key switch that most fully implements all user requests.

To implement such a scheme, you need a regular two-gang switch, possible with backlight:

For the same reason, it is not recommended to use fluorescent (energy-saving) lamps with a motion sensor - frequent switching on and off reduces the service life of such lamps. Although, as practice shows, everything works great, and the service life does not actually decrease. After all, in fact, the operating mode corresponds to the operating mode of a lamp with a conventional switch.

How to connect a motion sensor - .

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To install a motion detector, you do not need specialized knowledge or professional experience. It is enough to understand simple electrical circuits and correctly connect the cables to each other. This article simply and clearly explains how to connect a motion sensor with your own hands, as well as recommendations for choosing a device and a solution possible problems during installation.

Connection diagrams

If you open the box at the motion sensor, you will find 3 wires inside with different markings on the terminal block: red (A - load), blue (N - zero), brown or black (L - phase). Wires are connected using terminal clamps. Connection diagrams are also described in detail in the instructions for the device or on the case.

Connecting one device in a circuit

The simplest option is to connect the detector to the lamp directly. This scheme is suitable for closed dark rooms without windows, where no more is required complex logic lighting.

To do this, you will need a three-core wire to connect to the sensor, a screwdriver, NShVI tips and terminal blocks (two pieces for 2 contacts and 1 piece for 3 contacts).

1. Remove the cover of the device. Connect the three-wire wire to the block. If the colors of the wires in a three-core wire match the colors of the wires in the sensor, it is advisable to distribute them as a continuation of each other: red to red, blue to blue, etc. using NShVI tips. Close the lid.
2. Connect the three-core wire to distribution box, in which you need to connect 7 wires together: 2 from the lamp, 2 from the electrical panel, 3 from the motion sensor. Now you need to connect the phase (L) cables from the sensor (brown or black) and the shield (brown) together using terminal blocks. Then the neutral (N) cables from the sensor, shield and lamp (blue). And finally, the remaining two: sensor load (A) - red and lamp phase (L) - brown.
3. Apply power and check the functionality of the sensor.

Motion sensor connection diagrams

Connection via switch

Sometimes it is necessary to connect a switch to the circuit. This is done so that it is possible to force the light to turn on, regardless of movement in the visibility zone. This can be achieved by adding a switch with one key to the electrical circuit in parallel to the motion sensor.

For this task, in addition to NShVI lugs, a three-core wire and a screwdriver, you will need three terminal blocks with 3 contacts.

1. Disconnect the network and check that there is no voltage.
2. Connect the three-wire wire to the device block and lead it to the junction box. Also bring the cable from the switch here.
3. There are now 9 wires inside the junction box: 2 each from the lamp, switch and panel, plus 3 from the sensor. We connect the phase (L) cables from the sensor, electrical panel and switch (brown). Zero (N) from the sensor, electrical panel and lamp (blue). And the remaining wires: load from the sensor (A, red), neutral from the switch (N, blue) and phase from the lamp (L, brown).
4. Apply power and check operation.

Connecting multiple devices in a circuit

This method of connecting sensors is recommended mainly for long corridors and stairwells. This is due to the small range of the sensors or the unusual layout of the room. In this case, two or more sensors are connected to one phase in parallel. If you connect to different phases, a short circuit will occur.

1. Turn off the power and check that there is no voltage.
2. Combine the phases (L, brown) at the sensors and the electrical panel. Then the load (A, red) is connected to the sensors and the phase (L, brown) to the lamp. It remains to connect the neutral cables (N, blue) between the sensors, the lamp and the electrical panel.
3. Turn on the power and check the operation of all devices.

Since no household motion sensor is designed for high power floodlights, you may have to connect them to the circuit through a contactor with a 220 V coil. Unlike the previous circuit, the phase (L, brown) wire goes to the contactor from the sensor and the panel. And the load (A, red) of the sensor goes not to the lamp, but to the contactor coil. In this case, the lamp is controlled through the contactor and not directly.

Connection diagram to the spotlight

Video instruction

Verifying the installation

To check whether the sensor is working, you need to set the LUX parameter to maximum, and the TIME setting, on the contrary, to the very minimum. If after turning on the electricity it lights up led indicator, which means the load has turned on. If the diode does not light up immediately, this does not mean that the device is faulty. You need to wait half a minute so that he has time to prepare for work. This allows you to check the device before connecting other devices, saving time on finding a place to install the sensor.

Settings

After installing the device, you need to adjust it for more accurate operation. The number of settings depends on the device model. In cheap options, you can only influence the time the light is turned on and the level of illumination. More expensive models add sensor sensitivity adjustment and the ability to move the viewing angle of the sensor.

Viewing angle

The listening area of ​​the device can only be approximately calculated. Therefore, situations may arise when the sensor does not respond as intended during installation. One reason may be that the viewing angle is chosen in the wrong direction. Therefore, if the device model allows you to change this parameter, it is worth taking advantage of it.

Configured to cover maximum area

Sensitivity (SENS)

This setting allows you to reduce the number of false positives from animals and other factors. Copes with identifying cats and small dogs; with large animals there may be no effect at all. It is better to start setting from the minimum value, gradually increasing to the desired values.

Turn off delay (TIME)

Depending on the detector model, the parameter can vary from 3 seconds to 15 minutes. This means that once motion has been detected, the light will stay on for that amount of time. At the same time, if the time is up, but the person is still within the visibility range of the device, the light will be on. The timer starts counting down until the lamp turns off after the movement has stopped. You should start setting from the minimum value.

Light level (LUX/DAY LIGHT)

This parameter sets the lighting level in which the device will operate. That is, so that it does not work in daytime, and began to act only with the onset of dusk or darkness. To configure, you need to turn the indicator to maximum, gradually reducing it to the desired sensitivity.

Possible problems and their solutions

A situation may arise when the light does not turn off, although the device is working properly. Here it is worth checking the response duration setting (TIME), which can be turned to the maximum position. The light stays on for so long that it simply does not have time to go out. In this case, you need to reduce this interval to an acceptable result.

The problem may also be in other settings: too low sensitivity (SENS) or incorrect lighting threshold (LUX). Check the operation of the sensor by turning the knobs to the maximum to eliminate these options.

Sensors have their own detection zone characteristics

Suboptimal installation location

Perhaps the device is blocked by a cabinet or cabinet. Or the coverage area is too far from the person and does not see movement. Or the lamp it is connected to is so close that it causes false alarms. There is also a possibility that the viewing angle of the device is not directed where it is needed. These shortcomings are corrected easily and quickly. Furniture can be removed or the detector can be placed in another place. To select the optimal installation location, it is necessary to understand the operating principle of the sensor. Microwave and ultrasonic sensors like movement towards or away from the sensor. And infrared - movements past the sensor. If you move towards the pyro sensor ideally along the center line, then it may not work. Understanding these features will help you avoid dead zones and false positives. As we can see, the viewing angle indicated in the manufacturer’s description does not indicate in which plane - this is not full information, but the manufacturer’s tricks. An infrared sensor can be triggered if there are objects with different temperatures in its field of vision, even without the movement of these objects. That's why they are also called presence sensors.

Lamp burnout

Before installation new lamp check it for functionality. This is also done using a voltmeter, although the method is not the most accurate. You can also screw the lamp into another lamp, which previously worked with another lamp.

Wiring fault

If you suspect a wiring fault, you need to call a technician or test it yourself with a multimeter. Another reason lies in the incorrect connection of the neutral cable to the motion sensor. Often construction debris gets into the junction with the block, after which a layer of soot forms and oxidation of the metal. In this case, the contact no longer passes, and the sensor stops working. To fix this, you need to check the wires for damage, and thoroughly clean the oxidized area and press it with NShVI tips.

Defects and incorrect operating conditions

Unfortunately, no one is immune from manufacturing defects and improper transportation of the device. This often applies to cheap models with low level protection. Or, for example, a powerful lamp was connected to the sensor, exceeding the recommended values, and it could not cope with the load. Water or dust may have entered the housing. Before purchasing, do not forget to check the functionality of the device.

Working principle and use

The essence of the action of all sensors comes down to tracking moving objects and closing electrical circuit if movements are detected. The circuit opens when no movement has been detected in the field of view for a certain time.

Types of motion sensors

The technologies with which sensors perform their direct duties may differ. In total, there are 5 types of detection:

• Infrared(IR). Such sensors respond to changes in thermal radiation in the field of view. The advantages include ease of installation outdoors, complete safety for household members, as well as the ability to adjust the response range and very low energy consumption. These devices passively listen to the surrounding space without emitting anything. Due to the nature of the technology, false alarms on animals and other extraneous movements may occur, especially on the street. In addition, the device can be easily fooled by wearing IR-resistant material.

IR motion sensor design

• Ultrasonic(UZ). Using sound waves, the sensor listens to the environment at a frequency of 20–60 kHz, which is inaudible to the human ear. If the reflected signal has changed frequency, the device recognizes that there is movement in the area and responds appropriately. They are unpretentious to operating conditions and work well in damp and dusty rooms, regardless of temperature. They are relatively inexpensive. However, if there are animals in the house, it is better to opt for another device. Also among the disadvantages are the small coverage of action and indifference to smooth gait and movements.
• Microwave(microwave). The device emits electromagnetic waves frequency of about 5.8 GHz, registering surrounding objects. This type is mainly used security systems. It is not suitable for installation in a residential area, since microwave radiation is unsafe for humans.
• Acoustic. The detector reacts to sudden noise and does not emit anything. Most often used in basements and on staircases.
• Combined(dual). These sensors combine several technologies to clarify the result. They can be more precisely tuned, which reduces the number of false positives.

Each technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, which affect the choice of installation location for the device. For home use IR and ultrasonic sensors or a combination of both are most suitable.

Each device has a number of characteristics that you should be aware of when purchasing a device.

Degree of protection

In other words, the strength of the device body. It is measured in IP: the higher the indicator, the more durable the shell of the device. For street use you need to choose models with IP 55 and higher. For home use, IP 22+ is quite enough.

Power type

There are wired and wireless motion sensors. Accordingly, wired ones are powered from a standard 220 V network, and wireless ones run on batteries, including solar batteries, and batteries. The latter are more often used when it is necessary to turn on lights or other devices from low-voltage sources (for example, from a 12 V emergency network). They are used if, after European-quality renovation, it is not possible to lay a wire for transmitting information.

Important Features motion sensor

Angle of action

One of the key characteristics that directly affects the operation of the sensor and the installation location. Most often, the numbers range from 90 to 360° horizontally and from 15 to 180° vertically.

Range

This parameter determines at what distance from the device a person will be detected. It is measured in meters and determined in three planes:

• Perpendicular, when a person moves along a tangent circle, where the center is the motion sensor.
• Frontally, when a person moves towards the device.
• The presence of a person near the device.

The fundamental difference from viewing angle is that it measures range, not viewing angle.

Maximum connected power

Most sensors are designed for low-power devices: from 500 to 1000 W. If you need to connect powerful lamps, you need to add a magnetic starter to the circuit between the lamp and the sensor phase, and its coil on the other side of the lamp.

Use Cases

There are many alternative options use other than turning on and off the lights in the room:

• Security systems and alarms.
• Illumination of gates and paths near the house.
• Installation of control over the operation of fountains.
• Installation of pool lighting.
• Lighting of stairs and corridors.
• Lighting of basements and utility rooms.
• The toilet flushes and the hood turns on.
• Light-emitting diode (LED) strip for .

Main area of ​​use – street lighting

Where to install?

Without experience installing such devices, it is quite difficult to choose optimal place for the sensor. Therefore, it is worth spending a little time testing different corners in the apartment or in the yard. There are a few general guidelines to help with this process:

• There should be no obstacles such as trees, bushes and other randomly moving objects in the visibility range of the device.
• It is not recommended to install the device near other lighting fixtures, microwave ovens, fans, air conditioners and batteries.
• Minimize exposure to water, sun, dirt and dust. If the sensor is installed, for example, in the yard, it makes sense to attach a canopy or other protection from bad weather and directed sunlight over it.
• The sensor must cover the maximum viewing angle, and no large objects in the field of view are allowed. Their presence makes the sensor ineffective.

Installation locations

Specifications and appearance device directly affects the installation location. Household motion sensors are usually mounted on the ceiling or walls. The first option is convenient to install in a room with several doors, where it is unknown which side a person will enter from. Ceiling sensors most often have a 360° viewing angle and are installed in the middle of the room. But for different sensors, the direction of movement and in what plane they work are important.

Wall motion sensor option

Modern devices for controlling functional objects are increasingly available in a wireless design, which allows this to be done through the interaction of physical fields. For these purposes they are used different kinds and types of motion sensors, through which it is possible to control not only lighting, but also other parameters.

Purpose and principle of operation

In the early days after their appearance, most types of motion sensors were intended mainly to protect objects with limited access. However, today they are widely used in everyday life, performing such important functions How:

• turning on lighting in the controlled area and at individual sites;
• launch of the supply and exhaust ventilation in bathrooms, kitchens and bathrooms;
• automatic opening and closing of garage doors or garden gates;
• ensuring the activation of elements of the well-known “smart home” system;
• turning on home sound alarm type "Serena" (in order to scare away intruders).

Important! The main purpose of installing motion sensors is to switch lighting devices located in limited areas where lighting must operate without a switch.

All automatic systems with light sensors triggered by the movement of an object, they contain three functional blocks. This:

1. the illuminator itself (lamp or chandelier);
2. a sensor element that responds to movement;
3. electronic control module (controller).

The main task of the sensor is to monitor the situation at the controlled object and issue a signal when movement is detected in the sensitivity zone. After this, it goes to the electronic module (controller). This element of the system ensures that the lamp is triggered taking into account the program embedded in it. This approach involves not only turning on or off lighting fixture, but also allows you to set the required device response delay and other parameters.

The principle of operation of motion sensors of the simplest type (without a controller) is based on the fact that they instantly respond to arbitrary movements in the sensitivity zone. As a result of operation, the signal is sent to the actuator. Any device that provides the required functionality can be used as such.

Advantages of luminaires with built-in sensors

Lamps with built-in motion sensors find wide application not only at production facilities, but also in everyday life. They make a person’s life significantly easier, making it more comfortable. In addition, with their help it is possible to significantly extend the service life of household electrical appliances, as well as save on energy consumption. To obtain all the advantages listed above, a lighting device with a sensitive element must first be selected correctly, and then correctly installed and configured.

When choosing a lamp with a controller, you need to decide on its functional features, according to which it can be:

• A fixedly fixed device (which does not change its position when a person moves).
• A moving system that automatically tracks the position of a moving object and turns in its direction.

Note: The second version is most often used for security purposes.

When installing such devices indoors or on personal plot irregular (non-rectangular) shape, additional lighting fixtures equipped with sensitive sensors will be required.

A simple diagram for connecting to lighting

Before connecting motion sensors to an element of a lighting system, for example, you will need to understand the following. This operation does not differ significantly from the well-known procedure for installing an ordinary switch. This similarity is understandable, since in essence, connecting a sensor for lighting with a switch is akin to installing a keypad device into a regular power supply.

Like it, this element provides switching of the lighting line, turning the lighting device on and off.

Note: The connection diagram for motion sensors for lighting networks is usually applied to the store packaging in which the device itself is sold.

Motion sensor connection diagrams: a) without a switch, b) with a switch

When considering this diagram, the following are noted: important points in the light sensor device:

• The neutral and phase wires are connected to the device itself from the supply network (the first of them usually has blue insulation, and the second is red or brown).
• The second end of the open relay of the phase wire is connected to the illuminator, where the neutral wire is supplied directly (bypassing).
• These switchings refer to a circuit without a switch (“a”).

In the version with a key switch, everything looks a little more complicated. In this case, the phase is additionally connected to the corresponding contact of the switch, which switches the voltage supply to the entire system (including the light bulb). This option is shown in the same figure (case “b”). A lighting fixture connected to such a circuit lights up continuously as long as the switch contacts are closed. The operation of the relay built into the sensor is blocked in this situation (it does not open the line in the absence of a moving object).

Step-by-step instructions for connecting a sensor without a switch

Before connecting a light sensor without a switch to modern lamp(according to scheme “a” discussed above) you will need:

1. remove the back cover from the purchased device and find the block with three wires coming from it;
2. open the nearby junction box and find the terminals of the connected light fixture;
3. connect the wire in black insulation to the phase wire of the lighting fixture (sconce or chandelier);
4. the blue wire is connected at once at 3 points: at the sensor terminal, with a conductor of the same color from the illuminator and the network neutral conductor connected to the junction box;
5. the red end from it must be connected to the phase bus of the network.

Upon completion of the connections, you should return the covers of the device itself and the junction box, and then check the functionality of the entire system as a whole.

Is it possible to connect a sensor with a switch and why is this necessary?

If there are lamps in an apartment or house equipped with motion sensors included in the supply circuit, it is allowed to use a switch in the same circuit. This may be necessary in cases where you need to work motionless in a given area or turn on the lighting in the room before entering it.

Thus, the need for a switch is explained by special requirements when it is necessary that the light in a given place can be controlled regardless of the presence of a sensitive element. The need to use a circuit with a switch also arises in cases where it is intended to use a sensitive device not regularly (only during certain periods).

When the switch is closed, the light is constantly on. If you turn it off, the sensor is activated and begins to operate (work to close the lighting circuit when a person appears). As for the permissibility of using a switch in movement-triggered circuits, organizing such switching is not at all difficult.

Connection diagrams with switch

Before connecting a motion sensor through a switch, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the circuit options shown in the figure below. In the diagram on the left, two additional wires should be connected to the distribution box, coming directly from the key switch.

They are connected in parallel to the relay contacts, which close the circuit that supplies power to the lighting fixture.

Note: This occurs when an animal or person appears in its sensitivity zone.

In the situation under consideration (when connecting motion sensors for lighting with a switch), the contacts built into the relay are blocked by it. If the switch is on, the operation of the relay group does not in any way affect the state of the illuminator (the lamp or chandelier will be constantly on). And only after it is turned off, the sensitive element will begin to function in active mode again.

Now consider the option of connecting the switch according to the diagram on the right. In this case, the motion sensor will work and perform all its functions only when the switch is on.

Setting and adjustment for lighting

In addition to proper connection of the sensitive element, carried out according to the diagram attached to it, its preparation for operation is mandatory, which boils down to setting a number of operating parameters. Setting up motion sensors for lighting

Motion Sensor Settings Panel

assumes the correct setting of the following values:

1. illumination (labeling “LUX”);
2. turn-on delay (indicated as “TIME”);
3. setting the sensitivity in the connection diagram of the infrared motion sensor (under the designation “SENS”).

Let's look at each of these parameters in more detail.

Time adjustment "TIME"

Adjustments of motion sensors according to the time parameter are carried out by setting the duration of the period of time that the illuminator will burn after movement is detected in the controlled area. Typically, this parameter for standard lamps varies in the range from 1 to 600 seconds.

The speed of a person’s movement has a significant influence on the setting of this indicator. It generally depends on it whether the sensitive element will work or not.

In the case when a person moves very quickly in a controlled area, it is advisable to shorten the pause before turning off the lighting (why should the light burn in vain?). When setting up such a device in a garage or other utility room, on the contrary, it should be increased.

According to the level of illumination "LUX"

The LUX parameter is intended to correct the moment the sensor is triggered depending on the illumination in a given room. When it decreases to a certain limit, the lamp turns on automatically. The device has mechanical regulator lighting response threshold, which can be changed at the request of the user.

In low light conditions at a given object, the LUX parameter is set to its maximum value. In rooms with increased brightness it will need to be set to minimum.

Trigger sensitivity depending on the size of the moving object "SENS"

Some motion sensor models have the ability to adjust sensitivity to light (SENS). In this case, the moment of operation depends on the set indicator. If this sample is triggered quite often, reacting even to microscopic objects, its sensitivity must be reduced using the built-in regulator.

Additional Information: In addition to the regulator, this can be done simple change position of the sensing element.

In addition, in such models it is possible to adjust:

• The distance at which reliable operation occurs (it should not exceed the maximum value of 10-12 meters).
• The volume of space covered by the sensitive element (this setting prevents it from triggering when birds fly by, for example).

Adjusting the motion sensor according to the volume of the captured space

In most samples operating outdoors (when connecting motion sensors to a spotlight, in particular), reconfiguring the device is required when switching from winter to summer time. This is explained by the fact that when changing temperature regime some important indicators are lost in them.