Construction of houses from sip panels - a new domestic product construction market. If Europeans have not been surprised by such houses for 50-60 years, then for Russian developers this technology is a reason for heated discussions.

Sip panels are a structure made of an expanded polystyrene layer, enclosed on both sides in an OSB board. The internal heat and sound insulating layer can be different thicknesses, it all depends on the future purpose of the panels. Thickened sip panels are purchased for installation external walls winter buildings, and thinner panels are used for interior walls or for furnishing summer houses.

Advantages of the technology for building houses from sip panels

The main factor in the high popularity of this material for construction is the proper level of its factory readiness. That is, buying sip panels– the developer buys a product assembled using technology and ready for use. At the construction site, all that remains is to correctly assemble the box of the house itself, which eliminates defects that arise as a result of excessive “independent activity” of the developer.

Advantages of sip panels

In addition, the customer can build a frame house using panels with his own hands, saving quite an impressive amount.

Under frame houses no need for a complex, expensive foundation. Installation does not require a lot of manpower - everything can be done with your own hands, besides, you do not need to spend money on ordering special equipment, the panels are easy to carry yourself.

Although frame houses have a significant number of advantages, panels for them are still produced by more than one manufacturer, there are a huge number of them, and each makes panels using its own technology. So the assessment of the quality of the purchased material lies entirely with the buyer.

It is worth paying attention to the level of formaldehyde emission in the slabs - it should be no more than E1 (this level is safe for humans). In addition, the inner layer of the slab should be high-quality self-extinguishing foam, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam

Despite the fact that the thermal protection of such houses is an advantage, it also has one significant drawback: the house functions like a thermos, because OSB boards, saving energy, do not allow water vapor to pass through. Therefore, frame houses require mechanical ventilation technology. A recuperation unit that removes air from living rooms and heats cold air masses coming from the street is well suited for these purposes.

The installation of a ventilation system in such houses is thought out at the design stage, otherwise the elements of the slabs tightly fitted to each other will tightly clog the box of the house, creating unsuitable living conditions inside.

Technology for laying a ventilation system in a house made of sip panels

In addition, houses made of sip panels have poor sound insulation. Polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam inside the boards are not soundproofing materials On the contrary, they conduct well and sometimes increase impact noise.

Of course, if your frame house stands in the wilderness, there is no need to worry about unnecessary noise, but if the house is located in a fairly busy place, you will have to strengthen its interior decoration with noise-absorbing material with your own hands.

How to choose a foundation for a frame house?

Despite the fact that laying the foundation for a house made of sip panels does not require large expenses (about 20% of the total construction budget), you still have to put in some effort and ingenuity. The thing is that the box of the house has an unusually low weight, plus, it is necessary to take into account the specific characteristics of the soil, climate conditions, depth groundwater building plot.

The main nuance associated with these houses is seasonal heaving of the soil, after which the entire frame of the house can shift, crack or tilt. The best foundation options for them are:

1. Screw piles– a simple, quickly installed, cheap foundation. A screw pile is a steel tube to which a blade is attached, designed to be screwed into the soil. This foundation has a good load-bearing capacity, because in the process of screwing the blade into the ground, it does not loosen it, but rather compacts it.
2. – a rarely used technology. It is unprofitable for developers, because it is suitable only for non-heaving soils, while the rest will provoke its deformation after a season or two. To make such a foundation, you need to remove 40 cm of soil, install formwork with reinforcement and fill it with cement. The main disadvantage of such a foundation is the long drying time of the concrete pour (up to a month). In addition, the underground floor of such a house will be much less ventilated than in pile house.
3. – a good option for slightly heaving soils. Its arrangement consists of a thick reinforced concrete slab lying on a bulk cushion. Such a foundation allows you to evenly distribute the load on the ground and protect the house from seasonal shifts.
4. - a good option for slightly heaving soil, much cheaper than the monolithic type. Such a foundation is a structure made up of individual slabs located at the corner points of the future frame of the house, at the junction of rooms and massive load-bearing beams.

How to install panels yourself?

Despite the fact that the procedure for building a frame house is simple and quick, to build it, you will need many auxiliary tools, finishing materials and fasteners.

A careful calculation is made specifically to find out how much material will be spent on construction. This calculation must take into account all the locations of door and window openings, their width and height, as well as the thickness of all external and internal walls of the house and the location of communication networks.

Panel country houses– installation technology

Installation panel houses do it yourself as follows:

• waterproofing (for example, roofing felt) and a strapping beam impregnated with an antiseptic substance are placed on the existing foundation base;
• starting boards are attached to the strapping beam using screws;
• standard width of sip panels: 125, 250 and 280 cm. They are attached to each other using special grooves into which wooden dowels are inserted. The fastening must take place without any gaps, hermetically, with further blowing of polyurethane foam, so that the future construction does not allow the cold to pass through;
• if the house is on a shallow foundation, the starting boards are attached to composite panels, and not the harness.

Roof laying

Roof panel fastening diagram

Roof construction in panel house very easy to do with your own hands. In addition to the fact that in this case there is no need to make lathing, the roofing cake itself also does not need to be assembled, because the sandwich panel is a ready-made element.

You just need to lay the sip panels on the rafters, fix them with self-tapping screws, and, leaving a small ventilation gap, cover with a roof. Best suited bitumen shingles and metal tiles.

In addition, if you have the means and can afford the services of a light crane, assemble the roof on the ground with your own hands, and then install it in place using a crane.

External and internal decoration of the house with vulture panels

Finishing, both internal and external, is done very quickly. Since the panels are smooth and even, the finishing cladding does not require preliminary screeding or plastering.

However, before installing drywall and finishing, you need to sand and seal the joints between the panels with paint mesh. In addition, before carrying out any Finishing work, it is necessary to make holes for communications.

In rooms with high humidity (bathroom, toilet), the joints are closed silicone sealant, and sip panels are overlapped in order to protect the wall materials from getting wet. The floors in these rooms need to be additionally waterproofed or even self-leveling acrylic floors should be laid.

Among the exterior finishing methods, the most attractive are:

• thin plastic vinyl siding panels do not rot and perfectly protect from moisture;
• facade plaster– the most common finishing variation;
• corrugated sheet- easy finishing material made of metal, characterized by its strength and resistance to rust;
• fiber cement It is a strong, compressed slab made of cement (more than 90%) and cellulose.
• facade tiles- a cheap and popular material that imitates natural finishing elements.

Thus, having considered all the nuances and features of building houses from sip panels, we can conclude that the positive characteristics of the material prevail over the negative ones.

In addition, the constant rise in price of housing, especially apartments in cities, will soon make country frame houses the only option for those wishing to own personal property.

Welcome blog readers Traveler's Diary. As I promised, we begin the report about building a house from SIP / SIP panels. We will tell you and show you from our own experience what kind of technology this is, its pros and cons, how to assemble a house from SIP / SIP panels... And of course we will share whether it is possible to build inexpensive house from SIP / SIP panels in just a month. We will try to keep up with construction two-story house with an area of ​​180 sq.m. with a foundation, roof and windows in 2 million rubles... And in the next article we will leave a review about the company building our house - TERMOVILLA (TERMOVILLA).

CONSTRUCTION IS COMPLETED!

And here finished projects We were not satisfied with houses made from SIP / SIP panels on any site. Something always turned out to be wrong: area, layout, design, cost... As a result, the schematic plan was drawn up independently and transferred to construction company to develop an individual rather than a ready-made project.

The result was a house project measuring 10 by 9 meters with two full floors, a total area of ​​180 sq.m and a living area sufficient for living big family with three children. On the ground floor there is a boiler room, an entrance hall, a bathroom, a kitchen, a living room and a bedroom. On the second floor there is a hall, a bathroom and three bedrooms. Plus an attic space.

Before the construction of the house began, electricity was supplied to the site, a building permit was obtained, a sewer septic tank was half buried and a test screwing of the piles was carried out... Construction is scheduled for the period from the beginning of April to the first days of May.

Well? Are we starting to build a house from SIP / SIP panels?

1 day. Pile foundation

A team arrived at the site with three-meter piles for the foundation and a small tractor to screw in these piles. The piles are treated with a special anti-corrosion compound. From morning to afternoon, all 25 foundation piles were installed. The piles are cut to a level at a height of 40-70cm from the ground (depending on the unevenness of the site). Cement mortar was poured inside the piles, and caps were welded on top, onto which 200mm foundation framing beams will be attached. Several higher piles were additionally fastened together with metal corners welded to them.

A start.

Day 2. Sand

While waiting for materials and the main team that will build a house from SIP / SIP panels, I started sanding. At the base of the piles, under the entire foundation area, geofabric was laid and a layer of sand was filled. These measures have several goals: maintaining dryness under the foundation, preventing plant growth, protection from mice and insects.

It took me a lot of effort and time alone. Finished by lunchtime.

3-4 days. Check-in

In the morning, a change house rented for a month was brought and installed by a KAMAZ manipulator. A team of three people also arrived. There are “conveniences” next to the cabin)

In two days, two truckloads of building materials were unloaded and placed on the site: lumber treated with the Senezh antiseptic and a factory-made “house kit” made from SIP / SIP panels cut according to the construction project. From the highway to the site, materials were loaded onto a manipulator and handled on it, since trucks could not get to the site.

After unloading the building materials, preparations began for tying the foundation with timber. I dug a small trench under the foundation for sewer pipes, so that later I would not have to squirm under the finished house...

Day 5 Foundation piping

The foundation tying consists of laying 200mm beams on the pile caps and a lining of roofing material, leveling and fastening the beams to each other and to the caps with huge self-tapping self-tapping screws.

After completing the piping of the pile foundation, the “basement” SIP / SIP zero-floor panels with a thickness of 224 mm are treated from below with a mastic primer for waterproofing.

6-7 day. Zero floor assembly

During the sixth or seventh day, SIP / SIP panels of zero overlap (ground floor floor) were laid. As I already said, to connect to each other they use wooden beams, which are inserted into the grooves of SIP/SIP panels on mounting foam and secured with self-tapping screws. The ends of all SIP/SIP panels around the perimeter were also covered with bars.

Guide bars are attached to the finished floor, serving as the basis for the walls and partitions of the rooms on the first floor.

8-9 day. Assembly of the first floor

It took the team two days to erect walls and partitions from SIP / SIP panels on the first floor. External walls and almost all partitions (which are load-bearing walls) are made of SIP / SIP panels with a thickness of 174 mm. Some partitions that do not carry loads are made of SIP / SIP panels with a thickness of 124 mm.

By the evening of the ninth day it was possible to walk through all the rooms on the first floor and look out through the ready-made window openings, but there was still sky above your head...

10-12 days. Assembly of interfloor slabs

If before this rains happened, but occasionally, now, at the most inopportune moment, there are specific, fairly heavy rains that fall every day... (((We are worried about the dampness that has appeared in the house. The building materials are securely covered, but with the house it is more difficult... Construction crew He tries, whenever possible, to cover the house with special “mats,” but it is difficult to do this, especially with walls standing without covering. We are trying to reassure ourselves that upon completion of construction we will thoroughly dry everything with a heat gun.

Due to rain and installation interfloor covering lasted for three whole days.

For the interfloor flooring, as on the zero floor, SIP / SIP panels with a thickness of 224 mm were used. This maximum thickness should provide rigidity to the floor as well as acceptable sound insulation.

By the end of the third day of work, the ceiling was completed. There's only a hole left in kitchen ceiling for the stairs to the second floor. A temporary technical staircase should appear here soon. This is what the house looks like from above now:

And this is what our house, being built from SIP / SIP panels, looked like from the inside with an almost completed ceiling... Watch the promised video:

Video on YouTube channel:

13-15 days. Assembly of the second floor

The rains continue, which slows down construction a little... We are waiting for the attic floor to thoroughly cover the house with film.

In three days, the team erected all the walls and partitions of the second floor. My son chose a bedroom for himself) And Lena, who came for the first time to the construction site of our house, chose a bedroom for us )

The construction of a house made of SIP / SIP panels is half completed and the structure is beginning to take on the appearance of the house we designed. And this cannot but please)

In the coming days, the house should have an attic, stairs, roof, and windows. Very soon!

16-17 days. Assembling the attic floor

The attic floor, which became the ceiling for the second floor, took two days.

Unlike the first and second floors, SIP / SIP panels with a thickness of 174 mm and not 224 mm were used for the attic floor. This is quite enough for the attic.

All that remains is to cover the ends of the attic floor panels with timber around the entire perimeter... The construction of our house from SIP / SIP panels is nearing completion!

Day 18 Stairs

It has been raining almost every day for a week and a half. This became a real test for our nerves, and for the wet builders, and for OSB sheets Egger, from which SIP / SIP panels are made.

That day, the rain started at night and continued to rain all day... In addition, there was no electricity until the evening. Hungry and wet builders had no choice but to drive water off the film-covered roof, wipe up puddles in the house and assemble ladders...

The temporary technical stairs turned out to be of surprisingly high quality and strong - both the interfloor staircase and the entrance staircase on the porch.

19-21 days. Attic

In three days, an attic appeared in our house from SIP / SIP panels.

Mayerlats, beams and rafters for the roof were installed, as well as gables (triangular walls at the ends of the attic).

All that remains is to install a vapor barrier, make lathing and cover the house with metal tiles. In addition, ventilation pipes need to be installed on the roof, which should arrive any day now... But the metal entrance door and all 16 plastic windows have already arrived at the construction site.

22-23 days. Door and roof

Our house under construction from SIP / SIP panels now has a metal entrance door!

And the house now has a metal roof!

With the arrival of the May holidays came the sun, and the rains finally stopped! We came to the site for the first time as a family and had the first barbecue on our site. This turn of events made our builders very happy: barbecue for May is good! And finishing all the work with the onset of Easter is also correct!

By the way, the name of the company building our house from SIP / SIP panels can already be read on the facade. This - .

24-25 day. Completion and windows

The last two days of building a house from SIP / SIP panels were spent completing the installation of the roof, cleaning the house and area, and installing windows.

The installation of ventilation outlets was postponed... We were let down by the store - the ordered ventilation outlets (pipes) were delivered, but the passage holes were successfully forgotten in the company's warehouse. Company crew TERMOVILLA completed the installation of the roof and began cleaning the house and grounds.

We ordered plastic windows from a third-party company so as not to have to transport them 400 km from Moscow. We settled on five-chamber VEKA Softline profiles with double-glazed windows and external lamination. The installation of plastic windows was also carried out by third-party craftsmen.

What's the result? House made of SIP / SIP panels from the company was built in 25 days and cost us less than 2 million rubles. This amount included: project development, delivery of building materials, pile foundation, house frame (walls, partitions and all three floors are assembled from SIP / SIP panels), metal roof, metal entrance door, plastic windows and technical stairs with all construction and installation works.

The house was created by individual project. The dimensions of the house are 9x10 meters. Two full floors and a “cold” attic. The area of ​​two floors is 180 sq.m. The total number of VEKA Softline plastic windows is 16 pieces. During the construction of the house, SIP / SIP panels made of OSB-3 Egger sheets and 25F polystyrene foam were used.

Our house, assembled using construction technology from SIP / SIP panels, is ready. Ahead - external and internal finishing, as well as installation of communications...

No matter what anyone says, unification has always had a positive effect not only on the speed of production, but also on its cost. And the construction industry is no exception. Unification in frame housing construction led to the development of SIP panels and similar enlarged building materials.

The SIP panel itself was invented in 1935 in the USA; insulation was first glued into it in 1952. Since the early 60s of the last century, it began to be mass-produced, which influenced the reduction in the construction time of houses and their price in America, and then in Canada. SIP panel technologies came to Russia in the late 90s.

And this procession, unlike the USA, where tens of millions of square meters Such housing has not yet become a triumph, and its cost is 30-40% higher than abroad. This is partly due to the mentality of our developer, partly due to the high cost of components imported from abroad, the prices of which are used by rare domestic producers who have mastered the production of similar products. But once upon a time, before releasing our own semi-truck, we also purchased a batch of Ford trucks.

What does a SIP panel consist of and how is it produced?

The design of the SIP panel is extremely simple, which means it is easily repeatable, but the copyright holders and patent holders will not miss theirs, so they factored their interest into the cost of the equipment for its production. And the essence of the technology is to glue between two sheets of OSB (oriented strand board - OSB) a polystyrene foam block PSB-S-25, where C is self-extinguishing, and 25 is density (from 15 to 25 kg/m3). Its thickness ranges from 100 to 200 mm, depending on the type of construction and climate zone where it is being built. Also, thinner panels can be used in the construction of partitions inside a frame house from SIP panels. Along the contour of the panel there are grooves for connecting and fastening bars. It must be said that panels with 100 mm insulation in terms of thermal conductivity correspond to approximately a one and a half meter wall made of solid burnt clay brick, but according to the current Russian standards for middle zone you need 120 mm polystyrene foam. Therefore, most manufacturers of SIP panels offer standard products with 140 mm PSB-S-25 and OSB thickness of 10 - 12 mm.

Making SIP panels with your own hands

It is best to cut polystyrene foam with a nichrome string, which you should use D.C. from an adjustable transformer (parameters are selected depending on the length and thickness of the wire). Its role can be a car charger or a welding machine.

In the manufacture of SIP panels, one-component polyurethane adhesive is used. On standard equipment, it is applied using 4 dozen nozzles for greater uniformity of distribution. The gluing process itself is carried out under pressure. For this, either vacuum or mechanical presses are used. The number of panel blanks in a stack and the number of glued stacks depend on the parameters of the press.

At home, it is not difficult to make a SIP panel with your own hands. Of the entire chain of technology, it is necessary to highlight only one process for explanation - applying glue and suggest pressing parameters. The rest is not difficult to implement, and a thinking person will also create a couple of devices for the relative positioning of the panel components.

So here's how to apply the glue. Choose almost any polyurethane balloon adhesive for polystyrene foam (better known), take a paint sprayer with top position tank and nozzle 2.5 mm. From an old professional spray foam gun, unscrew the assembly for connecting cylinders with a ball valve. Immediately make sure that it is working properly or clean it with a special washing liquid. Make a simple adapter with the appropriate threads and connect them together. Connect to the compressor and get a uniform layer of glue (or foam) adjustable in thickness.

To be fair, it must be said that ordinary professional polyurethane foam will work no worse than glue, but will require a little more skill from you. The grooves in SIP panels are made with a depth of 25 to 40 mm, while the lower and upper trim boards will have exactly this thickness, and the connecting beams will be twice as thick.

Place the resulting sandwich under an evenly distributed load at the rate of 15 - 20 kg/m2 and leave for a couple of hours. The standard panel has an area of ​​3.11 sq.m. The load can be several wooden beams. As panels are made, add them to the stack, moving the load to the top one - the newly made one. The main thing when laying is not to move the sheets. Tip: Cut 6 pieces of board to the appropriate width and use them as templates during assembly, joining with self-tapping screws.

You will be able to fully use your SIP panels the next day.

On what foundations are SIP panel houses assembled?

Such houses can be mounted on any foundations and here main role should not be carried out by the type of frame formation (in this case it is platform, American, Canadian, pallet), but by the condition of the base - the soil. It is clear if you have swampy soil, the area has complex terrain or is located high groundwater, we recommend screw piles with strong wooden bottom trim, or a platform immediately formed on its basis.

If you have soils subject to large frost heave, make a well-insulated floating foundation. It will also serve as a platform on which you can directly install SIP panels by securing the installation board with anchors, which partly serves as the bottom trim.

Under standard conditions, a grillage on poles is best suited for this type of frame.

Floor panels can be assembled directly on it, having previously treated them with a primer. In addition to sufficient strength for such a foundation, there will be one requirement when choosing SIP panel construction technology: ensuring good ventilation of the underground space.

SIP panel assembly technology

The connection of SIP panels to each other is carried out by gluing timber onto polyurethane foam, which fits evenly into their grooves. Fastening of panels to a floor or ceiling platform is also carried out using a tongue-and-groove system, with the role of a tenon being performed by the boards of the bottom and top harness appropriate sizes.

The bottom board is also called the installation board. Its thickness can be from 25 mm to 40 mm. Corner connections are made according to the same principle, only the installation board is attached to the vertical panel.

As a rule, its thickness is half the thickness of the connecting beam. Fixing parts at seams is most often done using wood screws, less often with a nail gun. The design of a SIP panel house is so strong that a 25mm thick board is sufficient for the lower and upper trim, as well as corner connections.

If you decide to make SIP panels with your own hands, and we tried to convey to you that this is not so difficult, then we hope that you will make the panels of specific sizes and configurations, with ready-made connecting nodes, and you will not need additional trimming on the site. But if you find it more profitable to buy ready-made panels from the manufacturer, we recommend ordering them to be cut for your project. Many companies sell house kits.

To cut standard SIP panels yourself, you will need at least a large grinder with 230 mm disks, or the same manual one Circular Saw, a long thin sharp knife for cutting and a simple device for cutting foam with nichrome string (see photo below). Expanded polystyrene is cut to a little more than half the thickness of the connecting beam.

Time frame for assembling a house made from sip panels

The assembly of a one-story house from SIP panels can easily be carried out by 2-3 people; it is better to make panels together. The weight of a standard SIP panel with dimensions 2500 x 1250 x 160 is 43 – 44 kg, and with a thickness of 164 (OSP-12) – up to 50 kg. Floor and roof panels are often made longer and narrower for rigidity, or additional beams are glued into them during manufacturing.

From practice, two strong men on the first floor can handle a panel with dimensions of 1250 x 5000. Above that, helpers are needed. An attic or two-story house can be assembled by 4 people, with the help of 2 helpers for a couple of days, if you do not use lifting and transport mechanisms.

And if you have a cozy place for the production of SIP panels and a site for their temporary storage, then of all the frame house building systems, this is the most optimal, believe me from experience. A 100-square-meter house without any special architectural frills can be assembled by a team of the above-mentioned composition in a maximum of a week, with measured work in compliance with hourly standards. labor legislation. And if it’s you personally and your good friends or relatives will help you, it will take even less time. And you can adapt to the weather.

Below is an accelerated video of the assembly of a house from sip panels - it’s very interesting to see how it looks from the outside.

Dear readers, if you have any questions, please ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)

Below we list the pros and cons of using the technology of building houses from SIP panels.

Advantages:

• due to the high heat-saving characteristics of enclosing structures.
• More usable area- due to the small thickness of the walls, you can get 15-20% more usable area.
• Accelerated installation of the box at home (1-2 weeks).
• There is no need to construct an expensive foundation (for example, one installed in 1 day is sufficient).
• Saving on heavy lifting equipment can significantly reduce construction costs.
• You can build houses all year round- they do not shrink, so finishing work can begin immediately after assembly.
• The assembly technology is simple, you can even build a house from a SIP panel with your own hands - anyone who follows the instructions and knows how to hold a screwdriver and a saw can do this.

Flaws

• A slight thermal inertia of the enclosing structures is typical of any frame houses.
• The high price of the material - however, this is more than offset by savings in foundation costs and a reduction in construction time.
• Enclosing structures do not breathe, and, therefore, an efficient device is necessary - this drawback is also inherent in all frame houses.
• The flammability of enclosing structures is no higher than that of any wooden buildings.
• Combustion release harmful substances- indeed, when polystyrene foam melts, styrene is released with a specific sweetish odor. When its concentration in the air is more than 600 ppm (1 ppm = 4.26 mg/m3), it is dangerous to humans. But the smell of styrene becomes unbearable even at concentrations above 200 ppm, and this is an unambiguous signal for urgent evacuation.
• Suitable for rodents - although these animals are bred anywhere, there are known cases when rats even gnawed through concrete in search of food.

There are also cheaper products on the market with linings 9 mm thick, but they are only suitable for walls and partitions of small one-story buildings.

Differences between a factory SIP panel

1. Inaccurate geometry. The shift of the plates relative to each other, the diamond-shaped or trapezoidal shape of the panel are easily identified using a square and a tape measure.
2. Use of low-quality OSB with low moisture resistance. Wet the surface of the panel generously for an hour or two. If the chips begin to peel off, you have a defective product.
3. Low adhesive bond strength. This is perhaps the main feature of goods produced in a semi-handicraft way. The product can only be checked by tearing off one of the coverings from the insulation. A high-quality panel breaks not at the seam, but at the foam sheet.
4. Making the middle part of the panel from fragments of polystyrene foam boards. To reduce the amount of waste, handicraft enterprises use cuttings of insulation, which negatively affects both the strength and the heat-insulating properties. The joints of polystyrene foam boards are easy to see at the ends of the panels.

Step-by-step construction of a house from SIP panels

Foundation

Companies that build houses from SIP panels recommend making one that fully meets the concept of a prefabricated building. Piles for a house with an area of ​​up to 150 m² can be installed in two to three days, and with the help of a special installation - in one day; Assembling a grillage from a channel or timber frame will also not take much time.

The force of frost heaving is many times greater than the load from light walls made of SIP panels. In such conditions, piled and insulated shallow foundations work best.

(their most common diameter is 108 mm, length - 2.5 and 3 m) are placed under external and internal main walls, as well as crossbars (they are needed to reduce the span of beams) in increments of 1.5–2 m. Such a base leads well itself on heaving soils and practically does not settle under light walls - provided that the laying depth was determined not randomly, but as a result of test screwing with force measurement: the blades of the piles should rest on dense layers of soil.

To last for more than 50 years, you need to purchase steel piles with a thickness of at least 4 mm with cast tips, which resist corrosion much better than welded ones; After installation, they should be filled with concrete. One support, including installation, will cost 2,400–2,700 rubles, that is, the cost of a foundation for a house measuring 8 × 10 m will not exceed 100 thousand rubles. True, finishing the basement will require additional costs: you will have to install cement-bonded or glass-magnesite sheets (for cladding with tiles or stone) or decorative panels on the frame.

The main alternative to a pile-screw foundation is a shallow-buried strip, traditional for dacha construction, 0.3–0.4 m wide and 0.6–0.8 m high. If you prepare concrete yourself, rather than buy it at a factory, such a foundation will cost slightly less pile, but the construction time will increase by at least 3 weeks. A guarantee of reliability strip foundation- a correctly executed reinforcement frame, it should be designed in accordance with SP 63.13330.2012 (the main requirements are the presence of at least two reinforcing chords and a reinforcement coefficient of at least 0.1%). The base of this foundation cannot be erected on heterogeneous soils with quicksand. The lightweight one is optimal for swampy areas with highly heaving and weak-bearing soils. The slab is poured on top of a sand and gravel drainage pad, a layer of extruded polystyrene foam at least 100 mm thick and a waterproofing substrate. Minimum thickness slabs - 200 mm, and it must be reinforced with a two-level frame made of rods with a diameter of 12 mm. To protect the walls from water (mainly melt water), it is worth erecting a reinforced concrete plinth 0.3–0.5 m high along the contour of the slab. It is advisable to insulate the blind area and the plinth with 50 mm thick EPS sheets.

It is advisable to strengthen the foundation made of steel piles with a grillage made of a channel or I-beam. The grillage rand beams must be welded to each other and, in addition, welded to the piles. Metal parts must be protected from corrosion and isolated from the wooden frame with rolled waterproofing.

When installing a floating strip foundation, there is no point in going deep into clay soil - it is better to build up aboveground part, which will serve as a base. Reinforcement frame should be knitted with galvanized wire. The connections must be strong and durable, because the frame must work as a single unit throughout the entire service life of the foundation.

Walls

Despite the fact that the technology is considered unified, each company and even team has its own methods of assembling enclosing structures - successful and not so successful.

Construction requires products of both standard and non-standard sizes- lintels over openings, partitions, roofing elements, etc. Large companies with their own production line carry out cutting only in factory conditions. Small firms and “autonomous” teams often cut out the necessary fragments on site using circular saw and a foam grater (using this tool to select grooves along the perimeter of the panels). With this method, there is a high risk of violating the geometric dimensions of rooms and openings, and the appearance of gaps at the joints of parts.

The construction technology involves the installation of a hidden frame, the parts of which are inserted into the grooves of the panels. For the frame, select chamber-dried lumber should be used, impregnated with an antiseptic composition, and for floor beams it is advisable to use either a wooden I-beam. Alas, sometimes under-dried products are used, which can warp, which will lead to the appearance of cracks and deformation of walls and ceilings. The junction of panels with frame elements is always sealed with polyurethane foam. However, some teams are accustomed to assembling racks from two boards, simply tightening them with screws without any sealing of the seam. In this case, 150 × 100 mm timber can be installed in the corners. It seems that this should increase the strength of the frame of the house, but in practice such a solution only guarantees freezing of the corner in the harsh winter.

SIP panels allow you to build buildings complex configuration- with oblique corners and bay windows. True, this increases labor costs and the amount of waste, and hence the cost of 1 m2 of house area.

Roof

An attic or semi-attic floor can be erected using either SIP panels or traditional technology with insulation mineral wool or other materials.

Sometimes you can hear that a roofing cake based on SIP panels is more resistant to moisture (after all, expanded polystyrene has extremely low water absorption). However, the constant presence of moisture (which can seep through the roofing or enter from below in the form of steam) leads to the destruction of panel covers (OSB). In addition, at temperatures above 80 ° C, the process of thermal destruction of expanded polystyrene begins.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap between the SIP panels and the roofing material. You can’t do without a layer of vapor barrier on the side of the premises, as well as a ventilated ridge.

The load-bearing part of the roof made of SIP panels includes ridge beam, purlins (bearing beams parallel to the ridge) and layered rafters, the function of which is performed by the beams between the panels. Installed panels covered with a continuous carpet of rolled vapor-permeable waterproofing, then a slatted sheathing is installed, to which the roofing covering is attached (for example, profiled steel sheets) or another layer of OSB, which serves as the basis for flexible bitumen shingles.

Only coercive system supply and exhaust with heat recovery, which will provide zonal air exchange. The main element of such a system is a recovery unit. For a cottage with an area of ​​about 120 m2, where a family of three or four people lives, an installation with a capacity of 180-250 m3/h is sufficient, the price of which will be 60-250 thousand rubles. depending on the design and manufacturer. The cost of the system with installation varies between 350-700 thousand rubles. without taking into account the costs of creating hidden cavities for laying ventilation ducts.

Finishing of SIP panels

In the vast majority of cases, the inside of walls made of SIP panels is sheathed with plasterboard, sheets of which can be attached directly to the internal OSB. The sheathing is made of two layers, providing channels for electrical wiring in the first layer (the cables must be placed in protective corrugated pipes or PVC boxes). At traditional way When installing gypsum boards (using lath or steel sheathing), pipes and cables are laid in cavities under the sheathing.

A curtain façade is most often installed outside. In addition, plastering is possible, but in order to avoid cracks it is advisable to use technology wet facade, with , wooden planks, composite panels.

Sandwich panels were invented not so long ago, but very quickly found their niche in the construction field. Houses made from sip panels are gaining more and more popularity, and there are a great many reasons for this, from the fact that the material protects well from the cold to the extremely short installation time. It’s clear that everyone wants to move into their own home as quickly as possible, but developers sometimes announce unreasonably high prices for their services. The way out of this situation suggests itself - why not build a house from sip panels with your own hands?

What are sip panels: material characteristics

Sip panels, also known as sandwich panels, appeared in Europe about 50 years ago, but entered the domestic market relatively recently. Their design is very simple: between two wooden slabs there is a layer of polystyrene foam. It acts as heat and sound insulation. The thickness of the “filling” varies depending on the purpose of the panels.

The main factors influencing the choice of panel thickness are the type of construction (summer or winter), the type of wall (external or internal) and the climatic conditions of the area. Polystyrene foam is protected on both sides OSB boards made from pressed wood chips.

The panels are attached to each other without gaps, which eliminates the occurrence of cold bridges and increases the thermal insulation characteristics. Tight connections are provided by special grooves into which wooden dowels are inserted. The panels have standard width in 125 cm, 250 cm and 280 cm.

Advantages of sip panels

Frame houses made from sip panels have gained popularity all over the world for a reason. This construction material has a lot of advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional products: bricks, reinforced concrete slabs, blocks, etc.

Unfortunately, it has not yet been possible to invent an impeccable building material that would not have a single drawback. Sip panels are no exception, but its shortcomings can be attributed more to the peculiarities of operation than to serious mistakes.

Opponents of sip panels (yes, there are some) claim that they are highly flammable and generally unsuitable for building houses. However, fires often occur inside, and there the panel walls are sheathed with non-flammable plasterboard, so the risk that such a building will catch fire is minimized.

There is also a legend that mice and other rodents like to live in sip panels, but no one has yet provided actual evidence of this. The issue of environmental friendliness is also particularly acute, but it also fades away if we remember that many products (meat, fish, poultry, sweets) are often packaged in polystyrene foam containers.

Some argue that panel walls do not protect against noise, but if we take into account the fact that life in a private house excludes the existence of neighbors behind the walls, below and above, then there is no particular source of noise. In addition, external and internal finishing increases soundproofing characteristics.

The only truly justified nuance of using sandwich panels is the arrangement of ventilation. Since the elements are fitted close to each other, the result is completely blank walls that do not allow air to pass through. For this reason, at the stage of creating a project for houses made of sip panels, the installation of the ventilation system is immediately taken into account.

Choosing a foundation

As we have already said, panel houses do not require a massive, expensive foundation, but mistakes in organizing this issue are quite common. This is because it is necessary to take into account not only the light weight of the house box, but also the properties of the soil, the level of groundwater and climatic conditions in general.

The best options for foundations for houses made of sandwich panels are:

• screw pile;
• columnar;
• shallow tape;
• monolithic (reinforced concrete slab).

The main danger in the construction of such houses lies in the lateral tangential forces under the building - during the spring heaving of the soil, the foundation may simply come to the surface, and because of this the house will tilt or crack. Whatever foundation you choose, its cost will be about 20% of all construction costs, which is quite a lot. But you should not save at this stage under any circumstances, otherwise subsequent repairs and error correction will take even more money.

Screw piles

The overwhelming majority of experts agree that frame houses using Canadian technology are best built on a foundation of screw piles. It's comparative new way arrangement of the base, which is characterized by efficiency, simplicity and high speed of installation compared to others. Construction of the foundation for screw piles 30-40% cheaper than any other, even taking into account the fact that you will need to hire a team of professional builders.

The screw pile is steel pipe, to which a blade of a special configuration is welded. She has high bearing capacity, since during the process of screwing into the soil the pile does not loosen the soil, but, on the contrary, compacts it with its blades. It goes deep to a level below freezing of the soil, which naturally prevents deformation of the building from heaving.

The service life of such a foundation can be calculated in centuries (usually the manufacturer gives 100 years). But the main advantage is the ventilated underground, which is very useful when using sip panels. In addition, if you ever want to make an extension to the house, you just need to install the required number of piles nearby, and the foundation will work as one whole, evenly distributing the total load.

Shallow foundation

This type of foundation for houses made of vulture panels is used less frequently and mainly on non-heaving and slightly heaving soils. In other cases, he will “go” in the first spring. Removed for renovation fertile layer soil (about 30-40 cm), arrange formwork with reinforcement and fill everything with cement mortar.

A shallow foundation can easily support the weight of sip panels. To minimize the risk of deformation from uneven soil heaving, experts recommend installing a gravel-sand cushion before pouring concrete.

To increase strength and durability, the foundation is reinforced with a reinforcement cage.

Concrete pouring should be done at one time, so for efficient work you may need the help of 2-3 people. After pouring, the concrete must be treated with a vibrating plate or at least pierced with a stick in several places to prevent the formation of air voids.

The disadvantage of this method is the long period of concrete drying, which can last up to 4 weeks. Also, underground ventilation will not be as good as in the case of piles. For this, special holes are usually made. If you want to make an extension to your house in a few years, build up shallow foundation It will be quite problematic and troublesome. The laying of all communications (electricity, sewerage, water supply) must be organized before pouring concrete, which is also not very convenient.

Monolithic foundation

If your site is located on weak heaving soil, arrangement monolithic foundation will be the only right decision. It represents a whole reinforced concrete slab, which evenly distributes the load from the house onto the ground and does not allow it to deform due to seasonal movements.

Construction principle slab foundation It’s quite simple: remove the fertile layer of soil, make a drainage cushion from sand and crushed stone, fill everything with concrete and strengthen the screed with iron reinforcement.

The only drawback of this type of foundation is the high cost and difficulty in constructing additional extensions in the future.

Columnar foundation

Such a foundation can be considered a “relative” of a pile foundation, but the arrangement will take much more time and effort, although its cost is lower than that of a monolithic or strip foundation. A columnar foundation is suitable for non-heaving and slightly heaving soils.

It consists of pillars located at the intersection points of the walls, at the corners of the future building, at the locations of massive load-bearing beams, piers and at points with heavy load (long walls, for example). Columnar base eliminates the possibility of arranging a basement, but gives additional ventilation underground, as in the case of piles.

The shape of the pillars can be any, but most often they are made round, because such structures are easiest to place in holes made with a hand drill. Different materials are also used: bricks, wood, concrete. Square pillars are made of brick, but they are inconvenient to place at depth. That's why the best option is the construction of round concrete pillars, reinforced with reinforcement.

Important: columnar foundation cannot be laid in areas with high level groundwater, since in this case the foundation on which the pillars will rest will be fragile and may be washed away by water.

Panel installation

We have mentioned more than once that sip panels are very light, so you do not need large construction equipment for installation. In fact, the work is very simple and quick, and if it is better to enlist the support of specialists to build the foundation, then it is quite possible to build a house from sip panels on your own.

Important: before starting installation, you should carefully calculate the house made of sip panels in order to stock up necessary materials, including finishing, fasteners, arrangement roofing pie. The drawing should show the thickness of load-bearing and interior walls, the laying of communications, the location of windows and doors.

How to install houses from sip panels:

Sip panel finishing

Construction of houses from sip panels is pleasant not only because of the quick installation time and ease of construction - finishing such structures is a real pleasure! Since the surface of the panels is perfectly flat and smooth, you do not have to spend money on plaster or screed and spend hours leveling walls, floors and ceilings to achieve the desired result for the finishing cladding. Let's consider how you can improve the exterior of a frame house and how to carry out interior decoration.

Interior finishing

Before proceeding with the interior finishing, it is necessary to seal the joints with paint mesh, sand and polish them. Since the panels are monolithic, immediately think about where the communications will be located and make holes for them. In the bathroom, preparation follows a different scenario - the joints are closed not with a mesh, but with a sealant based on silicone or acrylic. The panels on the floor should be completely covered and overlap the walls by about 20 cm, so that if water spills, the wall materials will not get wet.

Any materials can be used for finishing a house made of sip panels. It is recommended to pre-cover the walls with plasterboard. This is necessary not so much for aesthetics (the panels are already smooth), but to enhance the fire safety of the building (we wrote about this above).

Since the floors in such houses do not need leveling and insulation, they can be covered with even the most demanding coverings - laminate, tiles, parquet. In the bathroom and kitchen it is better to make self-leveling acrylic floors to provide additional waterproofing.

Exterior finishing

Some owners prefer not to resort to exterior decoration houses made of sandwich panels - they already look quite beautiful. But to protect the material from dampness, it is recommended to cover it with something.

The most popular options for exterior finishing of panel houses:

As described in detail in the video, houses made of sip panels are becoming increasingly popular every year. This is explained not so much by fashion as by tangible savings - housing is constantly becoming more expensive, apartments in cities cost more and more, and it is becoming more and more difficult to find your own home.

Why spend crazy money on an apartment with a modest square footage, noisy neighbors and a smoky highway outside the window, when you can build your own spacious and warm house Are sip panels much cheaper?

Houses made of sip panels: photos