Despite the fact that we live in an age of high technology and artificial materials, natural wood never goes out of fashion. Many pieces of furniture are made from it, as well as doors. Of course, compared to synthetic analogues, they are less in demand due to their price, but nevertheless they have better performance characteristics. One of the most popular types of wood is pine, which is most often used in the production of door leaves.

Peculiarities

Pine is the most common tree species in the world, and it grows especially well in Russia. Due to its special properties, it is used in the construction, furniture and mechanical engineering industries.

The texture of pine is uniform and durable, and most importantly, it has the ability to withstand some natural influences. Compared to other species, pine is less susceptible to warping during drying. Its strength is so high that only Caucasian fir can surpass it in this indicator.

The main feature of pine doors is their environmental friendliness, which has a positive effect on environment and human health. Due to their properties, they are in many ways superior to synthetic materials. Their use significantly reduces the risk of allergic reaction compared to non-natural products.

Pine wood is reliable and durable, so it can be found in almost all homes. Interior and entrance doors can last for decades, after which they can be restored for further use.

With proper care, they will not lose their original appearance even after a hundred years.

This natural material has thermal insulation and soundproof properties that most people don't have modern doors. But this only applies to quality products, manufactured according to all international quality requirements. If they are equipped with a high-quality seal, then they positive characteristics increase several times.

In addition to their performance characteristics, pine structures have unsurpassed appearance, which does not change when varnished or painted. This tree is also easy to process, which allows you to make products from solid natural pine of any unusual shape.

Another important advantage of pine products is their availability. Due to the fact that pine is not rare and valuable breed, its cost is slightly less than the cost of other materials.

Besides many positive qualities, pine has a number of serious disadvantages:

• It's like no other wood exposed to strong moisture and temperature changes. All this can quickly render it unusable, as it will swell and crack. But this problem can be solved if no solid wood, but glued, which has improved characteristics.
• It also needs to be looked after regularly. For the first few years, it is enough to just wipe the products with a damp cloth, but in the future you will have to resort to restoration. If you paint or varnish them every year, such layering will ruin them. And sooner or later you'll have to peel back the layers paint coatings and apply other means. Any wood is highly susceptible to mechanical damage, so you should be very careful when handling wood structures.

Which is better: alder or pine?

When choosing a wooden door, it is very important to purchase not only a cheap one, but also quality option. Many people choose between pine and alder, but sometimes they cannot decide which is better.

Speaking about alder, it can be noted that it has a dense and elastic structure that is moisture resistant. Thanks to these indicators, alder has high tightness and sound insulation, which allows you to prevent noise and drafts from entering the room. This design can be installed even in rooms with high humidity and sudden temperature changes.

Alder wood is easy to process, which allows you to give it any shape and decorate it with carvings. You can decorate it with a glass insert or veneer made from other types of wood. Alder is quite durable, but like others wooden crafts, through needs restoration for several years. If you do not update their appearance, they will lose their beauty.

Pine, despite all its positive properties, It has ability to absorb moisture, and therefore cannot be used for installation in rooms with high humidity. This is its main difference from alder, which copes well with this problem. Otherwise, both breeds have identical characteristics.

When choosing between these two types of wood, you need to rely on personal preferences and the purpose of the doors. Alder is best suited for installation in baths, saunas and bathrooms. Otherwise, both pine and alder canvases have the same indicators, which makes them equivalent to each other.

Kinds

Wooden doors are distinguished by several characteristics: by the method of opening, the number of leaves, filling, functional purpose, location and method of transformation.

According to the method of plowing, they are distinguished:

• Swing – capable of opening in one or two directions. These can be internal or external canvases, solid or glazed. Pine doors can have any design, including carvings. Swing products are well suited for installation in rooms where there is the necessary space.
• Sliding – capable of opening in both directions, which is why they are so often used for organizing office premises and hypermarkets. Some modern houses They are also equipped with sliding wooden doors, which are decorated with glass inserts.
• Folding - designed to save small space, so can be installed even in narrow doorway. Their opening principle lies in the ability to unfold and fold using two or more parts.

Doors are also distinguished according to the following characteristics:

• Speaking about the number of leaves, we can divide doors into single-leaf, double-leaf and one-and-a-half-leaf. Their number depends on the width of the doorway. Double-leaf structures are necessarily supplied with bolts, not counting those related to the model.
• Based on filling door leaf, the door can be solid or with glass. Glazed models are designed to be passed into the room additional light and her visual expansion, while blind options are needed for complete isolation.
• Based on their functional purpose, we can distinguish door panels intended for residential or public buildings, as well as special doors that have additional capabilities. Some of them can withstand fire, others withstand impacts and bullets, and others withstand moisture and volatile chemicals.
• By location, products can be divided into entrance and interior. And according to their intended purpose, they are sealed, fireproof, protective and soundproof.

• Wooden structures also distinguished by water resistance. They can be of increased or normal water resistance.
• According to the method of transformation, there are doors-partitions, attached and retractable doors. They can be made in the form of a screen or blinds - it all depends on the room itself.
• Wooden panels are also divided by size. They depend on the width and height of the doorway, and therefore can have standard or individual indicators.
• The colors of pine products can be very different: white, black, brown and other shades. Unpainted models that emphasize the naturalness of the array look best.

Some people prefer milky color or wenge, believing that they best emphasize the individuality of the home.

Various styles

For creating unique interior space in which all inhabitants should feel comfortable, you need to take into account the overall style of the house. Correctly selected doors can transform a room and highlight its features:

• Classic style represents conciseness and rigor of forms and proportions. Its task is to emphasize the sophistication and nobility of the apartment owners. Therefore, wooden panels usually consist of solid pine or are decorated with high-quality veneer. Color solution should have traditional shades emphasizing the naturalness of the material. Classic products can be decorated with patterns, stained glass and glass.

• French Provence style values ​​the naturalness of materials and the authenticity of elements. Pine doors should be painted bed colors and have an antique roughness. Whatever the paint, the structure of the wood must be visible. This is what will emphasize the individuality of the interior in the delicate Provence style.
• If the home is registered in rustic stylecountry, That door frame should be simple and functional. Doors should be either hinged or pendulum and have no frills. When it comes to color, country music values ​​undyed materials that embody natural beauty.
• Currently very popular Japanese style. It is important for him to acquire elegant and unusual designs that will preserve precious square meters. Sliding doors in the Japanese direction will help to divide the space into functional areas. And dark shades of red, brown and cherry will help to emphasize the style.

• Products in style modern may consist of veneer, glass or forged fittings. In their production, curved lines and disproportionate shapes are used, often dividing the canvas into unequal parts. You can decorate the surface with floral or marine motifs.
• For high tech ideal option will become door models simple shapes, which will combine glossy and matte surfaces. They can be decorated with glass or plastic inserts, and their color should be as clear as possible (black, white and gray).
• Strict style empire style designed to emphasize the luxury and richness of the home, therefore the doors must be strictly symmetrical and consist of solid pine. They can be decorated with carvings, gilding and mirrors. In this case, the use of bronze elements is mandatory.

How to choose?

When choosing a door made of solid pine, you need to pay attention to its design, quality and purpose. It is also important to consider the manufacturer and prices in order to compare several similar products and choose the best option.

Wooden structures can be paneled or panel. Paneled are framed decorative panel, and panel boards consist of a frame, which is covered with wood on both sides. The panel usually consists of pine, as does the frame of the canvas.

Various types of wood are used to make door frames. The most popular are oak, birch, mahogany and pine. These materials are characterized by increased strength and environmental friendliness, and they also have many decorative possibilities.

The choice of product directly depends on its purpose. For example, entrance doors must be massive and weighty to withstand external influences and protect the home from burglars and drafts. And here interior designs should be as light as possible so as not to interfere with free movement around the rooms.

When choosing a canvas, it is important to pay attention to its shape and the number of components.

If the room for which the door frame is intended has a small square footage, then you should pay attention to sliding systems. And if doorway has an oval shape, then the door should repeat it.

In the shop building materials You should carefully evaluate the appearance of the product to avoid purchasing a defective product. The products should not have chips, knots, unevenness or cracks, A external finishing must have a smooth surface.

Best choice for the kitchen interior door with glazing. The glass can take up most of the box, or it can be staggered. For the living room and bedroom, a design with frosted glass, which will dim the light.

When choosing pine wood for the entrance to an apartment or house, you need to put additional protection, which will protect your home in case of penetration. This could be an alarm or video surveillance. Experts advise strengthening front door a metal threshold, a seal and a reliable locking mechanism, and the insulated box must be very thick.

GOST 6629-88

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Wooden internal doors
for residential and public buildings

Types and design

IPC PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS

Moscow

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Date of introduction 01.01.89

This standard applies to wooden interior doors for residential and public buildings, as well as for administrative and auxiliary buildings and premises of enterprises in various sectors of the national economy.

The standard does not apply to doors special purpose(including fire and soundproof) and doors made of valuable wood.

1. TYPES

1.1. Doors, depending on their design, are divided into the following types:

G - with blank canvases;

O - with glazed panels;

K - with glazed swinging panels;

U - with solid filler panels, reinforced for entrances to apartments.

1.2. Doors of types G and O are manufactured with single- and double-leaf leaves, with finely hollow (lattice) filling of the leaves, with and without a threshold, with overlay and without overlay, with facings and without facings, with frames and without frames.

Doors of type K are manufactured with double-leaf leaves, with fine-hollow filling of the leaves, without a threshold, without overlap, with and without facings, with frames.

Doors of type U are manufactured with single-leaf blind leaves, with a threshold, without overlap, without facings, with reinforced frames or without frames.

1.3. Doors manufactured according to this standard are classified as doors of normal moisture resistance.

1.4. The overall dimensions of the doors must correspond to those indicated in the drawing. . The dimensions in the standard drawings are given for unpainted products and parts in millimeters. The dimensions of the door openings are given in the Appendix.

At the request of the consumer, it is possible to manufacture doors of types O and K in sizes 24-12, 24-15, 24-19, as well as doors of type G in sizes 24-15, 24-19 with a height of 2071 mm.

It is allowed to manufacture double-leaf doors of types G and O with leaves of unequal width.

1.5. The following structure is installed symbol(brands) of doors:

Example of a symbol single-leaf glazed door for an opening with a height of 21 and a width of 10 dm, right, with a threshold:

DO 21-10P GOST 6629-88

The same, blind double-sided for an opening 24 dm high and 15 dm wide, left, with a threshold:

DG 24-15LP GOST 6629-88

The same, with swinging panels for an opening 24 inches high and 19 inches wide:

DK 24-19 GOST 6629-88

The same, reinforced, with continuous filling of the canvas, for an opening 21 dm high and 9 dm wide, right:

DU 21-9 GOST 6629-88

The same, frameless door leaf type G, single-leaf for an opening 20 dm high and 7 dm wide, left, with overlay:

PG 20-7LN GOST 6629-88

2. DESIGN

2.3. Door leaves of type U must be manufactured with a continuous filling of the panel with calibrated thickness wooden slats or chipboard, as well as using chipboard strips calibrated in width, laid on edge.

Examples of filling door panels are given in the appendix.

2.4. The vertical bars of the door leaf frame of type U must have a width of at least 90 mm. It is allowed to cut the bars along the length on both sides. The depth of the slots is 5 - 6 mm, width 3 - 4 mm.

It is allowed to use bars 45 - 60 mm wide, glued along the side surface.

The horizontal bars of the frame must have a width of at least 45 mm and are connected in the corners with the vertical bars using glue in a tenon or on dowels, staples, or clamps.

Options for frames with polyvinyl chloride lining for doors of types G, O without a threshold are given in the Appendix.

Schemes for determining left and right doors are given in the Appendix.

The specification of glass for doors is given in the Appendix.

2.14. The order for the supply of doors must indicate:

number of doors by brand and designation of this standard;

type and color of finishing;

type and thickness of glass;

instrument specification.

At the consumer's request, it is possible to supply door leaves without frames and frames without leaves.

Dimensions of doors

Notes:

1 . Door diagrams are shown from the door opening side.

2 . The numbers above the door diagrams indicate the size of the openings in decimeters.

3 . The dimensions in brackets are for doors with swinging leaves.

Design, shape and sizes of doors

Crap. 2 (sheet 1)

Crap. 2 (sheet 2)

Note . Sections of parts, see drawing. .

Crap. 2 (sheet 3)

Notes:

1 . Sections of parts, see drawing. .

2 . It is allowed to manufacture doors of type U with overall dimensions doors type G.

1 - mounting board; 2 - patterned glass GOST 5533 or reinforced glass according to GOST 7481 , or window glass according to GOST 111 thickness 4 - 5 mm

Crap. 3 (sheet 1)

Notes:

1 . The sections of blind doors are similar to glazed ones, with the exception of glazing details.

2 . It is allowed to use plastic layouts for fastening glass.

3 . The use of mounting boards of a different design is allowed.

1 - bars of the shield frame; 2 - lining

Crap. 3 (sheet 2)

Note . The width of a double-leaf door with a middle rebate without a rebate strip is 12 mm less than indicated in the drawing. And .

1 - loop PN9-130 according to GOST 5088 ; 2 - window glass GOST 111 thickness 4 - 5 mm

Crap. 3 (sheet 3)

1 - sealing gasket GOST 10174 ; 2 - lining of fibreboard grade ST or T group A with a thickness of 3.2 - 5 mm GOST 4598 or glued plywood grade FK 4 - 6 mm thick GOST 3916.1 and GOST 3916.2

Crap. 3 (sheet 4)

Note. It is allowed to manufacture doors of type U with a width of frame bars of 74 mm for interior doors and doors of public buildings.

ANNEX 1
Information

DIMENSIONS OF DOOR OPENINGS IN WALLS

Note. The dimensions of openings for frameless doors are set taking into account the application.

APPENDIX 2
Recommended

EXAMPLES OF FILLING DOOR LEAF SHIELDS

1 - a spike, staple or paper clip; 2 - bars for installing a lock or handles; h- clearance width, no more than 40 mm; l- clearance length, no more than 400 mm; b- shift of slats relative to each other, not less than 50 mm

Crap. 5 (sheet 1)

Crap. 5 (sheet 2)

Notes:

1 . Example 1 - for doors of type U, examples 2 - 7 - for doors of type G.

2 . For a canvas with a height of 2300 mm, the length of the bars for installing the lock and handles is 700 mm. Installation of bars - see example 3.

3 . When cladding door panels of type G with fiberboard slabs 3.2 mm thick, the width of the gap between the elements of small hollow-core filling should not exceed 30 mm, and the length - 200 mm.

4 . Filling the blind part of the glazed panels can be done by analogy with examples 3 - 7.

APPENDIX 3
Recommended

Examples of installation of protective fences

1 - wooden planks

Note. The use of plastic, metal and wooden fences of other designs is allowed.

APPENDIX 4
Recommended

LOCATION OF DEVICES IN DOORS

1 - loops PN1-110, PN1-85, PN2-110, PN2-85, PN3-110, PN4; 2 - handles RS100, RS140, RK1, RK2, locks and latches; 3 - 3T valves; 4 - hinges PV1-100, PV2-125 or screw and overhead hinges manufactured according to special specifications; 5 - locks ZV7A, ZV4; 6 - loops PN1-130, PN1-150, PN2-130, PN3-130, PN3-150.

Notes:

1 . Door fittings must comply GOST 5087, GOST 5088, GOST 5089, GOST 5090.

2 . The types of devices for doors of public buildings must be assigned in building designs.

3 . In swing doors, hinges PN9-130 are installed according to GOST 5088.

APPENDIX 5
Information

BOXLESS DOOR HANGING

1 - wooden cork; 2 - steel plate; 3 - anchor; 4 - mortise hinge; 5 - screw hinge card with nut; 6 - sealing gasket

Crap. 8 (sheet 1)

1 - wooden cork; 2 - steel plate; 3 - anchor; 4 - overhead loop; 5 - sealing gasket; 6 - wooden threshold

Crap. 8 (sheet 2)

APPENDIX 6
Information

BOXES WITH POLYVINYL CHLORIDE LINING

Note. Vertical elements the boxes are connected to the horizontal ones using spikes and steel dowels or screws.

APPENDIX 7
Information

DIAGRAMS FOR DETERMINING LEFT AND RIGHT DOORS

APPENDIX 8
Information

SPECIFICATION OF DOOR GLASSES

Door brand	Size, mm		Col.
	Height	Width
DO21-8	1300
DO21-9
DO21-10
DO21-13,
DK21-13
DO24-10	1600
DO24-12
DO24-15,
DK24-15
DO24-19,
DK24-19

INFORMATION DATA

1 . DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Civil Engineering and Architecture under the USSR State Construction Committee

DEVELOPERS

Yu.A. Argo, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (topic leader); I.V. Strokov; G.G. Kovalenko; BEHIND. Burkova; I.I. Kiseleva; N.P. Safonov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V.T. Sokolova; T.S. Slastenko, Ph.D. tech. sciences; I.F. Savchenko; O.L. Bykovsky; N.D. Popkov; N.I. Zhukov; L.V. Voronkova; G.V. Levushkin; V.S. Ruchkin; N.B. Zhukovskaya; N.V. Shvedov

Canvases made entirely from natural wood are called solid wood. Doors made of solid pine, unpainted, are in demand among a wide consumer due to their affordable cost and good operational characteristics. They are made in two ways: traditional, from a single piece of wood, and improved, from glued wood.

Pine is a soft wood. In this regard, all categories of products made from it have the following features:

1. Sensitivity to mechanical damage. Careful operation will extend the service life of products.
2. Hygroscopicity. Changes in room temperature or humidity should be avoided.
3. Solid pine weakly holds metal fastener.
4. The canvas fades unevenly and changes color when exposed to sunlight.

Material such as pine is easy to process, so manufacturers offer wide choose models from it.

Design features of various models of wooden doors

Wooden doors are distinguished by the method of opening, the number of leaves, and design. The cost, ease of use and appearance of the room in which they are installed depend on these parts.

Common types of structures depending on the opening method:

• sliding;
• swing

If there is enough space in the room, it is better to install classic swing doors from the array. They are also divided according to the direction of opening into right-handed and left-handed.

If you need to save space, you should think about sliding design. It provides for the presence of guides and a mechanism on a roller suspension located along the wall. There is an installation method in which the canvas is pushed into the false panel, and when open it is not visible. But such installation is quite expensive.

The number of canvases in both swing and sliding version depends on the width of the opening and the design decision of the owners of the house. There are single-field, double-field, and swing version and half-doors. Double-field swing structures can be coordinated (when one leaf is moved, the other moves automatically) and independent. Manufacturers always provide latches for double-leaf products.

There are several ways to perform wooden canvas: solid wood, slatted (panel) and paneled hollow. The first option is the most expensive. The second one is slightly inferior in price, because its base is made from slats of inexpensive types of wood, and the top is covered with veneer of more noble wood.

A pine base cannot be finished with wood veneer of another species - such blocks will be short-lived and will quickly lose their original attractiveness. Paneled doors are the most a budget option. They are a solid frame covered with MDF or fiberboard sheets.

Models are also distinguished by their content: they can be solid or glazed. Functional purpose All doors may vary depending on where they are installed. Products may have fireproof, moisture-resistant, and shockproof properties.

Advantages of undyed fabric

Untreated pine canvas is a semi-finished product. This material has an advantage over finished products, because it makes it possible to create original models, unlike those that are presented in abundance in stores. In addition, there are a number of advantages for which it is worth choosing unpainted solid pine doors:

• more low price compared to painted products. The savings will be especially noticeable when replacing several door blocks in a house at once;
• durability;
• The structure of the wood is visible on unpainted solid pine. It can be emphasized and refined by covering the product with several layers of varnish;
• environmental friendliness. Pine canvas cannot be compared with products made from chipboards and MDF. In addition, a product made from this type of wood during operation releases phytoncides into the air - substances with antiseptic properties;
• a pine door has excellent sound and heat insulation characteristics;
• The material has a low density, which allows it to pass air well.

Features of care

In order for an unpainted pine door to retain its original appearance for as long as possible, you should adhere to following rules for product care:

1. Avoid handling the product in ways that may cause mechanical damage.
2. Protect pine wood from direct sunlight.
3. The relative air humidity in the room should be within 30-70%, temperature - 10...35ºС. It is unacceptable to keep the products in rooms with 100% humidity or get moisture on the surface.
4. Installation of blocks is carried out at the final stage of repair. During installation, do not use to fill voids. cement mortar.
5. Pine products should not be located near heat sources - radiators, heaters, stoves, etc.
6. If liquid gets on the canvas, do not rub it over the surface. You need to take a cloth that will absorb moisture well and gently blot the area.
7. Wipe off dust from products with a dry soft cloth.
8. When caring for solid pine doors, you should avoid products containing ammonia, acetone solutions, nitro solvents and solvents based on artificial resins.

Design solutions

Unpainted pine doors will easily fit into any interior. In addition, they can be transformed by tinting with special compounds or highlighting individual areas with a contrasting color. In order to decorate the opening in an unusual way, you can paint the canvas in the same style as the interior.

There is also a demand for such a service as artificial aging doors made of pine. In combination with similar furniture, they look expensive and stylish. At the same time, the craftsmen’s work technique allows them to create spectacular “antique” products, preserving the original properties of the wood. Fans will appreciate this fact. classic style in the interior.

Painting

If the door needs to be painted to match the design of the room, it is worth considering the nuances in the choice of paint and the procedure itself.

All coatings are divided into two large groups: transparent and opaque. The first include varnishes, impregnations and glazes. Their advantage is high vapor permeability and protection of solid pine from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.

Opaque coatings For wooden doors based on organic solvents. Water-dispersed ones are suitable for pine acrylic paints, alkyd polyurethane compositions and enamels.

A pine door to be painted should be placed horizontally, this will make it easier to avoid drips. You can work with a short-nap roller or a brush (if the canvas has uneven decorative elements). It is most convenient to apply the coating using a spray gun.

After painting the door leaf, you need to apply varnish. The application procedure is as follows: first coat, grouting with fine-grained sandpaper, removing wood dust with a soft cloth and applying a second coat of varnish.

Conclusion

Doors made of solid pine for painting are an excellent option for those who want to save money or create original interior premises. However, in addition to numerous advantages, they also have disadvantages that must be taken into account when purchasing and operating.

Published: April 2, 2015

Solid wooden doors and door leaves (DG)

Internal wooden door with solid leaf, double-leaf DG21-13, area 2.63 sq.m GOST 475-78, GOST 6629-88

General information
Brand (type) DG21-13, area 2.63 sq.m

Width, mm 1,272
Height, mm 2,071

OKP code 5361110

Characteristics

Album r.ch. RS 8212

Internal wooden door with solid leaf, single-leaf DG21-12, area 2.42 sq.m GOST 475-78, GOST 6629-88

General information
Brand (type) DG21-12, area 2.42 sq.m.
GOST, TU GOST 475-78, GOST 6629-88
Width, mm 1 170
Height, mm 2,071
Manufacturers JSC "DOK-3", JSC "DOK-5"
OKP code 5361110

Characteristics

Description Wooden door block, internal, solid, with a frame made of solid and laminated wood. The thickness of the canvas is 40 mm. Box with a threshold section 74x45 mm. For residential and public buildings
Album r.ch. RS 8212

Internal wooden panel door with a blank leaf, fine-hollow panel filling DG GOST 475-78, GOST 6629-88, 24698-81

General information
Brand (type) DG
GOST, TU GOST 475-78, GOST 6629-88, 24698-81
Manufacturers "Woodworking plant branch of JSC "Mospromstroy"
OKP code 536120

Characteristics

Description Wooden doors for residential and public buildings, as well as for administrative and auxiliary buildings and premises of enterprises in various sectors of the national economy. Doors are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 475-78 and this standard according to working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.