When working in a workshop or at home with a grinding tool, when processing parts and preparing surfaces, the need arises to remove fine dust. And, of course, it is advisable to reduce its concentration even during work by organizing local constant air purification at the workplace.

At enterprises, this problem is solved by installing filter units with a cyclone, which collects and sediments dust with the required efficiency.

In our case it is enough make a vacuum cleaner with a cyclone, thereby saving on purchase construction vacuum cleaner, where such a function is provided by the manufacturer.

The principle of operation of a homemade construction vacuum cleaner with a cyclone filter

There are several options for making a cyclone for domestic needs. To decide on the most effective scheme operation of the equipment, you should know the operating principle of this filter.

Cyclone in classic version It is a cylinder and a cone, in the upper part of which there is an inlet for polluted air and an outlet for purified air.

The inlet is made so that the air enters the filter tangentially, forming a rotating flow directed towards the equipment cone (down).

Inertial forces act on pollutant particles and carry them out of the flow to the walls of the apparatus, where dust settles.

Under the influence of gravity and secondary flow, the mass deposited on the walls moves towards the cone and is removed into the receiving hopper. The purified air rises up along the central axis and is discharged through a pipe located strictly in the center of the upper platform of the cyclone.

A prerequisite for effective air purification is the accurate design of the apparatus and the tightness of the cyclone, including in relation to the receiving hopper.

Otherwise, the principle of operation is disrupted and chaotic air movement occurs, preventing dust from settling normally.

In addition, it is necessary to select an engine that sucks in contaminated air, which will ensure optimal parameters equipment operation.

Homemade filter for a construction vacuum cleaner, the variants of which are offered on the Internet cannot be called a full-fledged cyclone.

The most simple circuit such equipment is plastic barrel with an embedded inlet pipe tangentially, a built-in filter from the car inside the “cyclone” body, through which purified air is removed and to which a household vacuum cleaner is connected.

The disadvantages of the equipment are the absence of a formed flow swirling along the walls of the barrel and a laminar return flow.

In essence, we get an additional capacity for settling large particles (sawdust, shavings), and fine dust will clog the filter at the outlet, and will require constant cleaning.

To improve the design, we suggest supplementing the plastic barrel with a homemade cyclone made from a traffic cone. It is best if the work is carried out over several hours, install stationary option equipment for removing dust from the workplace.

In this case we need a radial household fan. And with a one-time connection of the cyclone, it is enough to use a regular vacuum cleaner with adjustable suction power.

Sometimes an additional rheostat is installed to reduce the rotation speed of the vacuum cleaner engine, thereby selecting the parameters necessary for the normal functioning of the filter.

In the following sections of the article we will present you with two options for a cyclone for domestic use.

Selection of equipment - what is needed for work

For the first design option permanent installation you will need the following components:

• Plastic barrel;
• Gray plastic sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm;
• Traffic cone;
• Corrugated hoses, reinforced with steel wire or metallized hoses;
• Adhesive for plastic;
• Radial household fan with the ability to change the engine speed and performance equal to six times the exchange of air in the room;
• Plywood 10-12 mm thick.

The second version of the product is the most successful, since in this case the product approaches the functionality of a real cyclone.

To make a filter you will need to purchase:

• Ready-made plastic cyclone made in China;
• A barrel, bucket or other container for making a dust bin;
• Corrugated hoses.

A plastic cyclone is inexpensive, approximately 1500-2500 rubles, and is designed to collect medium and heavy dust. Works great with shavings and sawdust.

Step-by-step instructions for the cyclone assembly process

Our first option is stationary design for workshops with large amounts of dust of various origins.

Assembling a cyclone filter for a vacuum cleaner

1. First we make the cyclone itself. We make a hole in the plastic cone for passage sewer pipe on a tangent.
2. For better connection The mating surface of the pipe with the cone body is matted with emery cloth. We glue the seams using a mounting gun.
3. In the upper part of the cone we install a vertical pipe, the lower end of which should be below the inlet. In this way we can achieve vortex air movement. The pipe is fixed in a plywood sheet in the shape of a circle with a diameter equal to the size of the base of the cone.
4. The prepared cyclone is secured to the barrel lid using a round plywood sheet.
5. To prevent the plastic barrel from becoming deformed under the influence of vacuum when the inlet pipe becomes clogged with debris, we install a spacer inside the container - a frame made of plywood sheet. External dimensions the frames follow the inner diameter of the barrel. To strengthen the structure, we attach the construction cone to the lid of the container using metal pins.
6. Next, we connect the cyclone to the corrugated hoses at the inlet and outlet. We install a radial household fan outdoors under a canopy.

The second version of the construction vacuum cleaner is based on a Chinese plastic cyclone, which is also attached to any of the selected containers. The result is a reliable and efficient design.
The cyclone is attached to the container using a metal clamping flange.

VIDEO INSTRUCTION

When starting the vacuum cleaner and further operation, do not forget to clean the inlet pipe and stop the internal spacers on the containers to prevent deformation of the receiving hopper.

If finer air purification is required, the design is supplemented with a car filter in the housing at the outlet of the product.

Recently I became interested in working with wood and the issue of removing shavings and sawdust arose very urgently. So far, the issue of cleaning the workplace has been solved with a home vacuum cleaner, but it quickly becomes clogged and stops suction. You have to shake out the bag often. In search of a solution to the problem, I looked through many pages on the Internet and found something. As it turns out, it is possible to make fully functional dust collectors from scrap materials.

Mini vacuum cleaner made from a plastic bottle

Here is another idea for a mini vacuum cleaner based on the Venturi effect
This vacuum cleaner operates using forced air.

Venturi effect

The Venturi effect is a pressure drop when a liquid or gas flows through a constricted portion of a pipe. This effect is named after the Italian physicist Giovanni Venturi (1746–1822).

Rationale

The Venturi effect is a consequence of Bernoulli's law, which corresponds to the Bernoulli equation, which determines the relationship between speed v liquid, pressure p in it and height h, on which the fluid element in question is located, above the reference level:

where is the density of the liquid, and is the acceleration of gravity.

If the Bernoulli equation is written for two sections of the flow, then we will have:

For a horizontal flow, the average terms on the left and right sides of the equation are equal to each other, and therefore cancel, and the equality takes the form:

that is, with a steady horizontal flow of an ideal incompressible fluid in each of its sections, the sum of the piezometric and dynamic pressures will be constant. To fulfill this condition in those places of the flow where average speed fluid is higher (that is, in narrow sections), its dynamic head increases, and the hydrostatic head decreases (and therefore the pressure decreases).

Application
The Venturi effect is observed or used in the following objects:

• in hydraulic jet pumps, in particular in tankers for oil and chemical products;
• in burners that mix air and combustible gases in the grill, gas stove, Bunsen burner and airbrushes;
• in Venturi tubes - constricting elements of Venturi flow meters;
• in Venturi flow meters;
• in ejector-type water aspirators, which create small vacuums using the kinetic energy of tap water;
• sprayers (sprayers) for spraying paint, water or aromatizing the air.
• carburetors, where the Venturi effect is used to suck gasoline into the inlet air flow internal combustion engine;
• in automated swimming pool cleaners, which use water pressure to collect sediment and debris;
• in oxygen masks for oxygen therapy and etc.

Now let's look at the samples that can take their rightful place in the workshop.

Ideally, I would like to get something similar to a cyclone filter, but from scrap materials:

Homemade chip separator.

The principle is the same, but made much simpler:

But I liked this option the most, since it is a smaller analogue of an industrial cyclone:

ch1

Since I don’t have a traffic cone, I decided to settle on this design, assembled from plastic pipes for sewerage. An undoubted advantage is the availability and low cost of material for assembling the structure:

Homemade cyclone from plastic sewer pipes

Please pay attention to the mistake that the master made. The garbage collection pipe should be located like this:

In this case, the desired vortex will be created.
The following video shows a similar design in action:

And finally, a slightly modified version:

DIY centrifugal fan for Cyclone

First I made a centrifugal fan-scroll. The body covers were made from plywood 20 mm thick, the body was bent from alucobond, a light and durable composite material, 3 mm thick (photo 2). I milled grooves in the lids using

a hand router and a compass device for it with a cutter with a diameter of 3 mm and a depth of 3 mm (photo 3). I inserted the snail body into the grooves and tightened everything with long bolts. It turned out tough reliable design(photo 4). Then I made a fan for the snail from the same alucobond. I cut out two circles with a router, milled grooves into them (photo 5), 8 which I inserted into the blades (photo 6), and glued them with a hot glue gun (photo 7). The result was a drum similar to a squirrel wheel (photo 8).

The impeller turned out to be light, durable and with precise geometry; it didn’t even have to be balanced. I put it on the engine axle. I completely collected the snail. A 0.55 kW 3000 rpm 380 V engine was at hand.

I connected and tested the fan on the go (photo 9). It blows and sucks very strongly.

DIY cyclone body

Using a router and compass, I cut out base circles from 20 mm plywood (photo 10). I bent the upper cylinder body from a roofing sheet and screwed it to the plywood base, taped the joint double-sided tape, tied the sheet together with two ties and riveted it with rivets (photo 11). In the same way I made the lower conical part of the body (photo 12). Further

inserted pipes into the cylinder, used polypropylene for external sewerage 0 160 mm, glued them with hot glue (photo 13). Suction pipe in advance with inside added a cylinder rectangular shape. I preheated it with a hairdryer and inserted a wooden frame into it. rectangular section and cooled (photo 14). In the same way I bent the body for air filter. By the way, I used a filter from KamAZ due to the large area of ​​the filter curtain (photo 15). I connected the upper cylinder and the lower cone, screwed the snail on top,

I connected the air filter using polypropylene bends to the volute (photo 16). I assembled the entire structure, placed a plastic barrel under the sawdust, and connected it to the lower cone with a transparent corrugated pipe to see the filling level. Conducted tests homemade unit: connected it to jointer, which produces the most chips (photo 17). The tests went with a bang, not a speck on the floor! I was very pleased with the work done.

DIY cyclone - photo

1. Cyclone assembled. This installation provides high level air purification.
2. Fan parts.
3. The grooves in the lid were worked with a milling cutter using a compass tool with a cutter with a diameter of 3 mm and a depth of 3 mm.
4. Case and fan ready for assembly.
5. Before gluing the blades.
6. The drum and impeller look like industrially manufactured parts.
7. A glue gun comes to the rescue precisely at the moment when it is simply irreplaceable.
8. Before assembling the electric motor, it is important to check the fastening of the impeller to the shaft.
9. A powerful motor can turn the cyclone into a real vacuum cleaner!
10. Blanks for the cyclone body.
11. The upper cylinder body is made of galvanized roofing steel.
12. The finished cone part awaits assembly.
13. Propylene pipes as elements of inlet and outlet lines.
14. The polypropylene pipe has turned from round and large to rectangular small.
15. Kamaz filter for fine air purification after a cyclone.
16. Polypropylene sewer outlets work great as an air line.
17. Indeed, there is much less dust, and you can even walk the board clean.

© Oleg Samborsky, Sosnovoborsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory

HOW TO MAKE A HOOD IN YOUR WORKSHOP WITH YOUR OWN HANDS – OPTIONS, REVIEWS AND METHODS

DIY workshop hood

Required: galvanized sheet steel 1 mm thick plumbing pipes d 50 mm and adapters for them, vacuum cleaner, paint bucket.

1. I drew a sketch of a cyclone and a wiring diagram for removing dust and sawdust (see figure on page 17). Cut out blanks for the cyclone body and cover
2. I bent the edges of the straight sides of the tin body part (marked with dash-dotted lines in the drawing) to a width of 10 mm - for connection.

1. On cutting the pipe, I gave the resulting workpiece a rounded conical shape. I fastened the lock (bent the edges into a hook) and crimped the tin.
2. At the top and bottom of the case at an angle of 90 degrees, I bent the edges 8 mm wide to attach the lid and garbage bin.
3. I cut out an oval hole in the cylinder, installed a side pipe d 50 mm into it (photo 1), which was secured inside with a galvanized strip.
4. I cut a hole in the lid, fixed an inlet pipe d 50 mm in it (photo 2), secured the finished part to the body and rolled the joint on an anvil.
5. The cyclone riveted to the neck of the bucket (photo 3). The joints of all elements were coated with silicone sealant.
6. I fixed two channels along the wall exhaust system(photo 4) with flow change valves (photo 5) I installed a household vacuum cleaner nearby, and placed a bucket with a cyclone on the floor (see photo 3). I connected everything with rubber hoses.

CYCLONE HOOD DIAGRAM AND PHOTO

LED garage lamp deformed industrial lamp E27/E26 Led High Bay…

Quite often after various types work remains a large number of fine dust and debris that can only be removed with good vacuum cleaner. A simple home device is not suitable for this. Must be applied industrial vacuum cleaner high power. You can make a filter for it yourself.

People who constantly work in the construction industry need to clean up a large amount of various small debris and dust. It could be old plaster, remains of foam plastic, drywall or wood dust. Such debris can settle in a thick layer throughout the room. It is very difficult to sweep this dust with a broom or wipe it with a rag, because due to large sizes Such cleaning of the premises will take a long time.

Using a vacuum cleaner in this case is optimal. Regular product, which is used at home, is not suitable for these purposes. The ingress of wood chips or sawdust will clog the vacuum cleaner or completely disable it. Also, a large amount of fine dust will quickly clog the dust collector, which will need to be cleaned every 20 minutes.

But construction vacuum cleaners are large, inconvenient to use and maintain, and have a very high cost. For this reason, some home craftsmen have learned to increase the capabilities of their household product by equipping it with a specialized cyclone filter. Such dust collectors can be purchased at hardware store or make it at home with your own hands. On the Internet you can find many drawings of dust collectors for woodworking workshops.

Experts highlight the following advantages of cyclone filters:

• no need to constantly buy disposable bags and containers for collecting fine dust;
• small sizes;
• quiet operation of the device;
• when the filter housing is made of transparent plastic, it is possible to monitor its contamination;
• high efficiency.

Operating principle of a cyclone filter

The cyclone consists of several parts:

• pipe branch;
• frame;
• dust collector;
• chamber with membrane filter;
• intake fan.

Dirty air enters the cylindrical body of the product through the pipe. The pipe is located tangentially to the side walls of the housing, so the air flow near the cylinder walls twists in a spiral. Due to centrifugal force, dirt particles are pressed against the body of the device and then fall into a special dust collector. The remaining air with dust particles enters another chamber, which is equipped with several membrane filters. As a result, all collected dust ends up in the receiving fan.

The membrane compartment is the least contaminated and must be cleaned only after cleaning. The collected dust is simply removed from a special storage device, and the device is again ready to perform its duties.

Vacuum cleaners with a similar principle of operation are much cheaper than water ones, but more expensive than membrane ones. For this reason, home craftsmen assemble the cyclone themselves and then connect it to a household vacuum cleaner.

DIY cyclone from scrap materials

It is quite easy to assemble a cyclone filter for a vacuum cleaner with your own hands. It is often necessary when processing wood. Together with a framer or an electric planer, a membrane-type vacuum cleaner gets clogged very quickly and needs to be cleaned frequently, which greatly distracts from production process. When a craftsman is engaged in carpentry in small room, That fine sawdust creates a lot of problems. For this purpose, a cyclone was designed and manufactured from simple details, which is not inferior to its factory counterparts.

Materials for production

To make a homemade cyclone, you will need the following materials:

Assembling a cyclone for a household vacuum cleaner

A special bracket for a small air filter, which can be made from a metal strip or corners, is attached to the lid of a plastic container. The air filter must fit very tightly to the plastic lid of the container. Otherwise, dusty air will enter the outlet pipe. Next, the outlet pipe must be sealed tightly on top of the lid. Through it, purified air will flow into the household vacuum cleaner. Experts advise leaving the membrane filter of the household product. This will help keep the fan free from dirt and will not weaken the air flow.

Near the air filter it is worth placing a special dust trap, which is assembled from thin metal sheet. This element is capable of repelling small particles of dirt that do not fall under the influence of gravity, which allows you to clean the filter much less frequently. An old woman's stocking can do the same job, protecting the filter pores from large and light particles of dust.

The homemade inlet pipe must be positioned tangentially to the walls of the housing and slightly tilted towards the bottom of the device. Dirty air will be immediately sent in the right direction. To ensure that the walls of the container do not collapse due to the vacuum environment, they must be well reinforced with a strip of metal. Plastic containers are not able to withstand heavy loads because the material is quite thin. Since the device is large in size, it is worth making a plywood frame, which it would not hurt to equip with small swivel wheels.

Next, you need to properly secure the assembled filter and household vacuum cleaner to the frame. The fastening must ensure quick dismantling in order to clean the container from collected debris. At the end of the work, you need to test the device. At the bottom plastic container All trash must remain.

How to make an aqua filter for a vacuum cleaner

When a person does not need a professional construction vacuum cleaner, he can make water filter for chips in a different way. For example, it can be made from an ordinary traffic cone. Any plastic container with thick walls and a well-closing lid will serve as a dust collector. It is worth noting that plastic container plays a role air system , and leakage has a bad effect on the power of the device. It is necessary to cut the support square from the traffic cone. Holes need to be cut according to the resulting shape. top cover from plywood.

An outlet pipe is fixed into the top cover using sealant, which should be made from an ordinary sewer pipe. This part must be lowered to the middle of the construction cone. When it is raised higher, the dust swirl will be incorrect. If the outlet pipe goes down too low, dirt will be sucked into it.

The narrow part of the traffic cone is also sealed into a circle of plywood, which is attached to the trash compartment. It is worth checking the tightness of all seams and connections several times. An inlet pipe is placed near the upper cut of the cone, into which dirty air will enter.

Next, you need to check that the dust collector is assembled correctly. The outlet pipe must be connected to the inlet of a household vacuum cleaner using a factory hose. Therefore, the nozzle should be selected in accordance with the diameter of the vacuum cleaner hose. The waste collection hose is connected to the inlet pipe of the product. A test run is required. When the device is assembled correctly, all debris will accumulate at the bottom of the plastic container, and the membrane filter of the household vacuum cleaner should remain clean.

You can make the cone shape with your own hands. For example, make it from metal sheet, having previously calculated the layout of the product. An old galvanized metal bucket may also work.

A very simple Cyclone made from scrap materials, it copes with its maintenance work quite well homemade CNC milling cutter.

In the video: the first start-up, the test showed that the bottom bottle needs to be added rigidity, which was done.

Materials and tools:
1. An old working vacuum cleaner and two hoses for it
Pipes sewer PVC D=100mm, D=40mm
Pipe sample

2. Thin sheet metal ~0.2-0.5mm or roofing metal profile (must be straightened with a hammer)
3. Two plastic bottles 2.5 liters with stoppers, 5 liter bottle.
4. Metal scissors, electric. drill, drill bits, paper scissors, knife, PVC electrical tape, hot glue gun, riveter and rivets
5. Welding electrodes or similar rods 6 pieces, wide tape, pencil

Purpose:
The Cyclone filter is designed for rough cleaning of intake air; it removes heavy fractions before air enters the pump turbine impeller. Thanks to this, you can suck up fairly large debris, shavings, wood chips, and it will not damage or clog the pump impeller when using a vacuum cleaner without a bag or bag.

Application:
To collect chips from working area machine, drill, electric plane, saw, etc.

An example of the use of this homemade Cyclone Works with CNC router

The principle of operation of the Cyclone is shown in the figure below

The sucked air with debris is twisted into a high-speed spiral vortex, large particles are pressed by centrifugal force against the wall of the pipe and spiral down into the collection bottle under their own weight.

Manufacturing:
Cut from PVC pipes with a diameter of 100 mm. straight section 400-500 mm. , a flat area without fastening fittings, this will be the body of the Cyclone.

Cut from a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm. 100 mm cut. shorter than the body (this is the outlet for the vacuum cleaner) and a segment 150 mm long. (garbage suction). On sheet metal draw three identical circles with a diameter equal to internal diameter pipes of the body, it is convenient to trace directly through the pipe with a pencil, in the center of these circles we draw more circles equal to the outer diameter of the thin pipe, trace along the pipe with a pencil.

[u]Scheme

We cut out the circles with metal scissors, then cut the circles to the middle, as in the diagram, cut out the inner circles. Using rivets, we connect the resulting circles into a single spiral. We put it on a thin pipe, distribute the turns evenly and additionally glue everything with hot glue from a gun.

Now we carefully insert the resulting spiral structure into the body, if necessary, trim the hooks, leaving the protrusion outward as in the diagram.

In the upper part of the housing pipe, we drill a hole for the pipe (suction) and straighten it with a knife to form the correct oval to secure the pipe tightly.

We insert the pipe and direct it as in the diagram, tangentially, and glue everything well with a gun.

We cut out the cap from a five-liter eggplant with scissors, remove the threaded neck, adjust the hole to fit the D-40 mm pipe tightly, put it on the body and glue it at the top and bottom with hot glue.

We cut off 2/3 of the length of the 2.5 liter bottle and put it on the bottom of the body and glue it.