The plum is one of the most common fruit trees in the country's gardens. This popularity of the plant is due to the fact that it produces very tasty fruits, which are also beneficial for any organism. Very often, plum fruits are used as a natural laxative. But, unfortunately, this tree, like almost all others, is susceptible to diseases and pest attacks that need to be combated.

Hole spot or cleasterosporiasis

If you study all the diseases of plums, hole spot can be called one of the most common diseases. This is a fungal infection of the leaves, buds, branches and flowers of the plant. The following signs indicate that the plum tree is sick:

• pale brown spots on the leaves, which subsequently crumble and holes form in their place;
• leaves may dry out and fall off;
• depressed purple spots on the fruit, which over time become brown and convex, with the flesh drying out and gum oozing from the spots;
• round spots on the shoots, which become elongated over time, then they crack and gum also flows out of them;
• kidney death.

The spores that provoke the disease overwinter in the resulting wounds. When the temperature reaches +4 degrees in the spring, they come to the surface and during rain, wind, and with the help of insects they spread to other trees. Hole spot, as well as other plum diseases, cause weakening of the tree and a decrease in its yield.

If the plum is susceptible to the disease, treatment should be carried out immediately after the first signs are detected. First of all, you need to completely destroy the infected leaves, shoots and fruits. After plum blossoms, treatment is required special drugs(Bordeaux mixture, copper chloride, "Topsin M").

Fruit rot

As the name implies, the plum (disease control is simply necessary) is affected through the fruits. It is on them that rotting spots appear, which over time cover the entire fruit. As a result, the surface is covered with so-called pads, which consist entirely of fungal spores. In the spring, after the postponed winter frosts, a fungal infection that is found in affected fruits can easily spread to healthy ovaries. Therefore, when a plum disease is detected, the fight against it (the photo can be seen in the article) should be immediate. In this case, treatment consists of removing the infected fruits and treating the tree with beard liquid, the concentration of which is 1%.

Coccomycosis, or red spot

Plum (fighting diseases, as a rule, does not present any difficulties) is very often affected by this fungal disease. As a rule, coccomycosis appears on leaves and fruits due to poor care. This disease manifests itself as red spots; they can be either pale or bright. The underside of the leaf is covered with spores of this fungus. As a result of the damage, the leaves turn yellow and fall over time, in some cases their color becomes brown.

Fruits can also be affected. In particular, they stop developing. Fungal spores can be carried negative temperatures in winter and spring the fungus throws them out. Favorable conditions for the onset of disease development are elevated temperature and humidity.

If a plum is affected, the disease (photo can be seen in the article) is recommended to be treated immediately. But first, the tree must be freed from affected leaves and fruits. After this they must be destroyed. Effective way The fight is to dig up the soil, which needs to be done in spring and autumn. It is also necessary to spray chemicals, for example, Bordeaux mixture or copper chloride. There should be three such procedures:

• during the period of formation of green buds;
• after flowering;
• after harvest.

Moniliosis

This disease affects flowers, ovaries, fruits, young branches and annual shoots of plums. The causative agent is a fungus. There are two forms that affect plums (diseases and treatment are described in the article):

• monilial burn in spring;
• fruit rot in summer.

Despite the fact that the causative agent of these forms is the same, the number of affected flowers and fruits is completely different. Fruits are the most susceptible to disease, especially if the air is characterized by high humidity. The causative agent of monoliosis can overwinter without losing its viability in mummified fruits, as well as in the tissues of affected branches.

Manifestations of the disease are as follows: pronounced rot appears on the fruits, after which they dry out. The lesions are pads measuring about 0.5-1.5 mm. It is in these places that disputes accumulate. Rotten fruits may either fall off or remain on the tree until spring.

In the case of fruit rot, it is better to carry out timely prevention than to treat the plum later. It is necessary to carry out thinning pruning in a timely manner and destroy all fallen leaves, since among them there may be rotten fruit, affected shoots.

If the plum (diseases and treatment are described in this article) is already affected by moniliosis, then the trees must be treated with Bordeaux mixture at a concentration of 3-4% during the green cone period and at a concentration of 1% during the period after flowering. As a fixing treatment, spraying is carried out three weeks after the last procedure. During humid summers, the number of procedures should be increased.

Root cancer

This disease is very common not only on a tree such as plum (diseases, photos of which can be seen in the article, are curable), but also on other fruit crops Oh. Root canker is caused by bacteria in the soil. They are able to penetrate the root of the plum tree if it has even minor damage. As a result of the disease, the plant stops developing and the seedlings simply die. This disease is especially pronounced during periods of drought and when growing on slightly alkaline and neutral soils.

Treatment methods are as follows:

• select areas where this disease has not been observed;
• When digging up seedlings, the root needs to be treated, namely, remove any noticeable growths and disinfect them copper sulfate;
• in case of severe damage, the seedling must be destroyed;
• all need to be processed garden tools to avoid infection healthy plants(the procedure is carried out using chloramine 0.5% concentration or formaldehyde).

Gommosis, or gum bleeding

Not only plums, but also other stone fruits are affected by gommosis. Frozen trees or those already affected by the fungus are susceptible to this disease. In addition, there are factors that increase the risk of the disease. These are increased soil moisture and a large number of applied fertilizers.

It is quite easy to recognize gommosis: gum is released from the trunk and branches. After being released, this substance hardens, and a transparent drop is formed in this place, the size of which can be absolutely any.

It is also necessary to fight this disease. First of all, it is necessary to follow the basic rules for caring for plums. If any damage occurs, they must be treated with a solution of copper sulfate or garden pitch. If the damage by gommosis is too severe, it is better to remove the diseased branch.

Plum diseases and the fight against them (photo): rust

Trees are most often affected in July. The manifestations of the disease fully correspond to the name: the upper side of the leaves becomes covered with round “rusty” spots, which begin to grow as the disease progresses. Premature falling of foliage is possible, as a rule, it is the affected ones. Rust can significantly weaken the plant and also reduce its frost resistance. In some cases, the plum may not bear fruit for next year after infection.

It is possible to fight this disease. To do this, it is necessary to completely remove and destroy all affected leaves. Before flowering in the spring, the tree must be treated with special chemicals, for example, copper chloride (40 g of the product diluted in 5 liters of water, 3 liters of solution is enough for one tree). After harvesting, the plum must be treated again with the same solution.

Conclusion

Whatever plum diseases affect your garden, they can and should be fought. If all recommendations are followed, the process will be successful.

What is wrong with plum?

Like any living organism, the plum tree is susceptible to diseases.

It is affected, like humans, by pathogenic flora of three types:

• Bacterial;
• Viral;
• Fungal.
• Non-infectious diseases also occur in trees.

During the years when any of the groups of diseases are rampant, not only the garden can lose its harvest.

An owner who does not take timely measures to protect and treat plants may lose the garden itself.

Gum treatment of plums and methods of treatment

Gum bleeding is not an infectious disease, but more often occurs on trees that have been damaged by frost or infected with other diseases. Quite often, gum production is a sign that the soil in your area is acidic or overly moist. Gum discharge is also observed in the areas of novice gardeners who are overzealous with the application of fertilizers.

How to recognize the disease?

The first signs of the disease are droplets of translucent gum, also called resin, on the trunk. The harm from gum disease is the loss of plants aesthetically pleasing, as well as the possibility of infection entering through wounds.

Control measures

In case of gum release, this area must be cleaned with a sharp knife and then disinfected with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. For greater reliability, after a few hours, the wound can be rubbed with fresh sorrel leaves and this procedure can be repeated several times. At the end of the treatment, the wound should be covered with ordinary garden varnish.

How to protect your garden from gum disease?

In order to prevent the plums that grow on your site from starting to secrete gum, you need to properly care for them, water them moderately and apply normal doses of fertilizers. All wounds that form after sanitary or formative pruning should always be covered with garden varnish.

Plum pockets and treatment methods

This disease affects fruits. If the infection is significant, more than half of the entire plum crop may be damaged.

How to recognize the disease

The first signs of the disease can be noticed when the fruits become baggy and their fleshy part grows greatly. Diseased fruits do not form seeds, become very elongated and lose their taste.

Observant gardeners identify this disease by the whitish waxy coating that appears on the fruit. This sign precedes the massive fall of plums.

Approximately 15-17 days after the end of flowering, you should carefully examine the trees in the garden.

Plum pockets - fungal disease, which is widespread in years with high air humidity and low above-zero temperatures during the flowering period.

Control measures

Treatment of plants with 3% Bordeaux mixture will help overcome the disease. in early spring(before the buds open) or during their swelling. Additional processing can be carried out immediately after the end of plum blossom, but then the concentration should be 1%.

How to protect plums from pockets?

If you do not want the disease to appear on your site, always collect and destroy fallen fruits and cut out those branches on which diseased fruits were noticed last year.

Plum dwarfism and treatment methods

An insidious viral disease that often occurs in a latent form. It is difficult to identify the affected tree. Dwarfism can only appear in the last stage, when fighting the disease is pointless. Therefore, all the gardener’s actions should be aimed more at preventative measures.

Signs of the disease:

• suppressed tree growth;
• unnatural leaf shape. They become elongated, gnarled and more like willow leaves;
• premature leaf fall. This happens because the leaf plate becomes brittle;
• decrease in yield;
• absence of peduncles or a small number of them. The flowers are ugly and underdeveloped.

At the last stage of virus development, there are practically no leaves on the tree branches; they are bare. Single needle-shaped leaves can be seen only at the tips of the shoots.

Infected trees cannot be treated and must be uprooted.

As preventive measures planted in the garden resistant varieties plums, and also regularly treat plants against pests.

Moniliosis of plum and methods of treatment

The causative agent of the disease is the monilia fungus. The tree becomes infected during the flowering period if there are changes or decreases in temperature. Cold spring weather only speeds up the process. The spores penetrate the plant tissue through the pistil, gradually affecting the entire tree.

Signs of damage:

• sudden drop of flowers;
• drying of peduncles and adjacent leaves;
• old shoots and branches crack, gum flows from the wounds formed;
• the whole tree looks “scorched.”

The disease spreads not only to the fruits, but also to the shoots and leaves of the plum. The pathogen overwinters in the affected tissues of the tree. Prevention of moniliosis begins in autumn. Cut out all affected shoots and treat the garden with Hom, Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride. To spray one tree you will need up to 4 liters of solution.

Hole spot, or clusterosporiosis of plum and methods of treatment

The causative agent is the fungus Clasterosporium carpophilum. Numerous, small, reddish spots appear on the leaves, becoming lighter over time in the center, with a vague crimson border. The affected tissue cracks and falls out, the leaf becomes holey.

With severe spread of the disease, buds, young shoots and fruits are affected. Shallow ulcers with gum form on the fruits, and reddish-brown spots with scaly elevations appear. The fruits become deformed and partially dry out. Affected leaves fall prematurely and affected shoots dry out.

Control measures. To treat plums against this disease, spray the trees before buds open, and again, immediately after flowering, with a 1% Bordeaux mixture, HOM or Abiga-Peak. If the disease develops severely, repeat spraying with the same preparations after harvesting the fruits.

Cercospora plum spot and treatment methods

The causative agent is the fungus Cercospora cerasella. The spots on the leaves are small, brown in color with a dark border. Dark sporulation pads form on the underside, the tissues of the spots crack and fall out, the leaves turn yellow and fall off.

Control measures. Collect and remove plant residues, spray trees immediately after flowering with 1% Bordeaux mixture or HOM, Abiga-Peak preparations.

In case of severe spread of spotting, to treat this disease, spray plum trees also with Abiga-Pik after harvesting the fruits.

Brown spot of plum and methods of treatment

When a plum is affected by brown spot, or gnomoniosis, small spots begin to appear on its leaves in the spring, which can be from reddish-brown to yellowish-ocher, with a purple border. With the development of this disease, black small dots appear on both sides of the leaves - fungal spores. Subsequently, the spots enlarge, become brown and occupy the entire leaf blade, then the leaves curl and fall off.

The fruits do not ripen, and the riper plums become misshapen. As a treatment, before flowering, the soil and trees are sprayed with a 1% solution of copper sulfate (100 g per 10 liters of water). 14 days after flowering, trees can be treated with Bordeaux mixture 1% (100 g per 10 liters of water) or Hom fungicide (35 g per 10 liters of water). In case of severe infestation, treatment should be repeated 2-3 weeks before harvest. As preventive measures, you need to promptly remove and destroy fallen leaves and dig up the soil around the tree trunk - in the place where fungal spores overwinter.

Polystigmosis - red spot (lat. Polystigma) of plums and methods of treatment

Polystigmosis refers to common fungal infections, the spores of which high humidity at the end of spring the plum tree is affected - diseases and treatment with photos, as well as detailed description external signs will help you recognize what exactly the tree is infected with and begin treatment.

Small red spots appear on the leaves of trees, which gradually dry out and die. The main preventative measure is cleaning plant residues and burning fallen leaves in the fall, since it is on them that the pathogenic fungus overwinters. Diseases of plum leaves - polystigmosis or red spot.

If symptoms are detected, it is necessary to eradicate the plants and soil in the circles around the trunk with 1% copper sulfate before the development of buds. Further methods of control are the use of fungicides Oksikhom, Skor, Topaz.

Spraying is carried out before flowering, upon completion, and after harvesting. The most resistant varieties: Renklod Altana and green, Ochakovskaya, Vengerka.

Plum rust and treatment methods

Rust on plum tree leaves most often appears in midsummer. The formation of spots is caused by a fungus, which over time provokes dark-colored spores in their center. The mycelium of the fungus is spread to neighboring plants by the wind or with drops of rainwater. The leaves themselves quickly fall off. According to the observations of gardeners, the entire tree suffers from rust. It weakens and does not tolerate winter well.

Spraying a plum with a fungicide will destroy fungal infection. You can use Bordeaux mixture. It is important to complete treatment with any poison 20 days before the fruit ripens. For prevention, you can spray the plum with a fungicide at the end of June and mid-July. This will be enough to prevent rust from affecting the wood.

Root cancer of plum leaves and treatment methods

The cause of plum tree disease is bacteria that live in the soil. Microorganisms easily penetrate the root system through affected areas and cracks, resulting in the formation of growths, tree growth stops, and young seedlings, as a rule, die.

Note: most often, root canker appears in dry weather, on neutral and slightly alkaline soils.

How to deal with the disease:

• Do not plant new seedlings not only of plums, but also of other fruit crops in an infected area.
• Dig up the tree, inspect the root system, cut off all growths.
• Disinfect healthy roots with a solution of sulfate - 100 grams of copper sulfate per bucket of water (10 liters).
• If root system severely affected, it is better to destroy the seedling.
• Upon completion of work, treat all garden tools with a solution of chloramine or formaldehyde.

Plum trees delight with their fruits already in the fifth, and sometimes even the fourth year from the moment of planting. The culture is a stone fruit. This picky, fruit-bearing tree takes root well and does not require special care. The fruits on one tree do not ripen at the same time, which allows you to enjoy plums for a whole month.

If you plant several different varieties, then there will be no problems with their pollination, they will help each other out, while pleasing them with a good harvest.

You can make compote, jam from plums, and the healthiest thing is to eat them fresh. In order for all these delicacies to happen, you need to take care of the health of the tree. For high-quality, undamaged fruits, you need to be aware of diseases and pests that can damage the crop, and prevent them in time.

The article will discuss what diseases can affect plum trees and how to effectively combat them.

Fungal clusterospirosis or, in common parlance, holey spots

A fairly common disease that, due to the fungus, affects the buds, branches and even flowers of the plant. It is possible to determine that a plum tree is sick with clyasterospirosis by the following signs:

• the leaves become covered with brown spots, after which through holes form in place of the spots;

• rapid drying and falling of leaves;

• the fruits become covered with dark purple spots, are pressed to the touch, become convex over time, and the flesh begins to dry out;

• shoots are covered with spots round shape, which increase and begin to crack;

• the buds die and fall off.

Fungal spores that cause holey spotting on the leaves hide in the wounds of the branches in winter, and come out when spring arrives. Rain, wind, insects - perfectly transfer spores to neighboring trees, which leads to infection and suppression of the harvest.

Note: If you notice such signs, you should immediately begin treatment, otherwise there is a risk of spreading the disease, and subsequently losing the harvest.

Fighting methods:

• You should carefully pick off all infected leaves and fruits and break off shoots;

• a couple of weeks after flowering, the plum is sprayed with a solution of copper chloride or Bordeaux mixture (proportions: 10 liters of water and 40 grams of the drug);

• For preventive purposes, raking leaves around the tree is mandatory.

Gum formation and signs of gommosis

Hommosis spreads to many stone fruit trees. Most often, trees that are frozen in winter or infected with fungus fall into the risk zone for infection. Gommosis can be identified by the yellowish sticky resin emanating from the trunk or branches, forming a drop that eventually dries up. The gum comes from cuts in the tree.

One of the causes of the disease is waterlogging of the soil where the tree grows, as well as an overdose of fertilizers.

For treatment purposes, if cuts or any damage to the integrity of the tree is detected, all areas should be treated with copper sulfate. If the damage is global, then the branch is cut off.

Fruit fungal rot

They are fungal pads that cover the plum.

This disease requires immediate treatment. Otherwise, fungal spores located on several fruits disperse throughout the tree and destroy the crop.

To prevent the spread of the fungus and protect it, you should pick off all infected fruits and spray the tree with a solution of Bordeaux mixture.

Moniliosis

Monilial fungus spreads to:

• flowers;

• young shoots;

• ovary;

• plum

It is divided into two types of damage:

1. Spring burn with moniliosis.
2. Summer fruit rot.

Surprisingly, the same pathogen has different effects on the amount of spoiled flowers and cream. With high humidity, you should be wary of the fruits.

How to determine moniliosis:

• the cream begins to become rotten;

• the fruits fall off.

The fungus itself looks like white specks about 10 mm in size. These very specks contain clusters of spores.

Moniliosis spores can overwinter in dried, last year's fruits, so you need to remove leaves and fallen plums from the ground.

Important: To prevent this disease, preventive measures should be taken in time rather than treated later.

Prevention methods:

1. Trim branches in a timely manner.
2. Rake fallen leaves (as they may contain spores and fallen infected fruits).

If you notice trees already affected by moniliosis, you should immediately treat them with a solution of Bordeaux mixture. For prevention, spraying should be carried out at least three weeks. If the summer is humid, then procedures are done more often.

In addition to diseases, plums can also be attacked by pests that live in the fruits:

• plum moth;

• plum sawfly.

Plum moth and sawfly

Pests choose a plum tree for themselves, gnaw holes in it and safely settle in, just like in a house. The larvae leave inside and gnaw through the passages. This plum falls prematurely.

The sawfly begins to operate first; it lays its larvae in flowers, which hatch by the end of flowering.

The codling moth lays eggs on the leaves, on the underside, after the plum has bloomed. After a week, the caterpillars hatch and begin to gnaw at the fruit.

Fighting methods:
The same drugs are used for worms in fruits. If you treat in time, first against the sawfly, during the flowering period, with the insecticides Kinmiks (3 ml per 10 liters of water), and then against the plum moth after flowering with fufanon (10 ml per 10 liters of water), then your harvest will remain intact.

Another unpleasant factor is the bitterness of plums. Most often this occurs due to lack of moisture. Especially if the summer was hot. Therefore not
neglect watering. Water the trees at least once a week with water, and then instead of bitter plums, sweet and juicy ones will grow.

Despite a lot of diseases, this fruit tree is worth growing in your garden. You should spray the trees on time, carefully monitor their integrity, remove last year's fallen leaves, water well, and it will delight you with its delicious fruits more than one year.

From this video you can learn about the causes of diseases of fruit trees:

Plum is one of the most commonly planted crops in the country. Not all gardeners are able to care for it properly, which leads to the occurrence of diseases. Some of them are typical for many fruit trees, others are characteristic only of plums. Another problem is pests. To successfully combat both problems, an accurate diagnosis of the causes of changes in the tree’s condition is necessary. However, the best way to avoid them is to take comprehensive preventive measures.

The plum harvest depends on the health of the tree

Plum diseases

Plum diseases and their control are the most important part of gardening. Among the diseases, there are some that are found everywhere, while others occur extremely rarely. You can defeat them as proven folk remedies, as well as modern effective drugs.

Clusterosporiasis

Clusterosporiasis is considered the most common disease of plums. Its causative agent is a fungus that hides in the natural openings of the tree outside and in the resulting wounds. Second name

The appearance of the disease - perforated spotting - speaks of its characteristic feature: brown spots on leaves of different sizes with torn edges. Gradually their number increases, the leaves in these places dry out, and holes form. If the process has gone far, the leaves fall off. Clusterosporiosis often affects fruits and branches, from which the gum leaves. The rapid spread of the disease is caused by the high speed of fungal spores moving through the tree.

Bordeaux mixture helps to defeat the disease, which is applied to the affected and still healthy areas of the tree in several stages, including after harvesting. Depending on the degree of infection, different percentages of the substance are chosen when preparing for spraying.

As a preventive measure, it brings tangible benefits quality care for leaves: timely removal of dried leaves, treatment with copper sulfate.

Moniliosis

The disease is otherwise called fruit rot, which appears as a result of a tree being infected by a fungus. Its spores spend the winter on damaged parts of the plant, and after warming, the fungus rapidly spreads along branches and shoots, gets into the ovaries and spoils the fruits. Manifestations of moniliosis resemble a burn - the diseased area of ​​the tree looks as if scorched by fire. Not only branches and leaves suffer, but also fruits that rot from the inside, externally this is expressed in the appearance of growths. Subsequently, the entire plum on the tree dries out, because the disease is transmitted from one leaf or fruit to neighboring ones.

You can cure plum trees from moniliosis if you spray the surface with one of the following preparations before the beginning of the flowering season:

• Bordeaux mixture;
• copper sulfate;
• iron sulfate;
• fungicides.

Processing must be carried out with increased precautions - ripening fruits should not be touched. Before application special means you should get rid of diseased and old leaves; the same procedure is an effective prevention of moniliosis.

Coccomycosis

One of the typical diseases of plum is coccomycosis, colloquially called red spot, which indicates its main symptom - red spots, although they can be brown and gray. At first they look like small dots on the leaves, then their size grows. Also a sign of coccomycosis - white coating on sheets.

The nature of the disease is fungal. Fungal spores affect all parts of the tree, even ending up on the fruits, which causes their growth to stop. The leaves always dry out and fall off. The fungus tolerates frost well; it can spend the entire winter in old leaves that have not been destroyed since the fall. One of the causes of the disease is improper care; the disease is often detected on young plum trees.

The fight against coccomycosis includes:

• plowing and digging up the ground under a tree;
• complex spraying with Bordeaux mixture;
• lime treatment;
• careful inspection of leaves and, if necessary, destruction of old ones.

Coccomycosis develops on the leaves

Sharka

Smallpox, or smallpox, is viral in nature. The first symptoms of the disease are observed on young foliage - these are light spots or stripes. The virus quickly spreads to fruits, which in a short time change their appearance and taste - they cannot be eaten, they die if they ripen untimely. It is believed that smallpox is spread by aphids.

Fighting sharka is unproductive - all that remains is to get rid of the infected trees. Meticulous processing of equipment, clothing, and all objects that come into contact with plum trees helps prevent the occurrence of the disease, since any object can be a carrier of the virus.

Plum pockets

The source of this plum disease is a marsupial fungus, which attacks not only plums, but also cherry plums. The processes of normal fruit formation are suspended, they change shape, color, and become unsuitable for consumption. The marsupial fungus is especially active during the rains, and in the cold season, fungal spores hide in the buds. For treatment you need:

• remove all infected parts of the tree;
• apply 3% Bordeaux mixture before flowering;
• repeat the procedure after the flowers appear, but with a 1% solution;
• apply fungicides.

Preventive measures to combat pockets include sanitary pruning and treatment with special solutions.

Rust

The name speaks for itself: the disease manifests itself in the form of a brown coating that forms on the leaves on the eve of flowering. The reason is infection by a fungus, which easily adapts to any climatic conditions, including winter. If you do not fight the disease, then instead of spots, spots will appear in the spring. large pillows from fungal spores. The consequences may be disastrous - the tree may become barren.

Fungal infection manifests itself as rust on the leaves.

Treatment of rust involves applying any fungicide 20 days before the first fruits appear, this will help get rid of the fungus. After fruiting, it is recommended to treat the tree with Bordeaux mixture. The same method is suitable for prevention. Another option is to grow rust-resistant varieties.

Dwarfism

The disease is identified by the changed appearance of the plum, but often this can only be done in an advanced stage. Then it is quite difficult to cure the tree. Gardeners should inspect the tree for:

• slowing growth and decreasing proportions;
• formation of small leaves;
• drying out, falling leaves;
• the appearance of underdeveloped flowers;
• reducing the number of ripening fruits.

If dwarfism progresses, then the tree has almost no leaves. Fighting the disease means completely getting rid of infected leaves and fruits. Preventive measures to prevent dwarfism infection include the complete destruction of plum pests and the removal of dry and old foliage.

Gum treatment

Plum diseases are not only infectious in nature; a striking example of this is gum disease. The self-explanatory name shows that its main symptom is the leakage of gum from wood. The second name of the disease is gommosis. The root cause of infection is a fungus, which spreads especially actively when there is excess moisture and wrong mode feeding with fertilizers. Any violation of the integrity of the tree bark also leads to gum development. Gradually the gum hardens, leaving small traces in the form of drops on the trunk. Untreated plums can lead to cancer.

If the foci of the disease are numerous, then it is recommended to combat them with the help of vitriol and treatment with garden varnish. It is necessary to completely get rid of infected branches. Proper care helps prevent the onset of the disease.

Gum discharge appears on plum branches and fruits

Root cancer

Some plum diseases are serious; root canker is an example. It is characteristic not only of plum trees, but also of many other fruit trees. Cancer is caused by bacteria that enter the root part of the tree from the ground through existing cracks in the roots. The development of the disease is facilitated by the wrong choice of soil for planting or insufficient watering during the hot period.

Methods to combat root cancer:

• careful examination of the roots when planting, getting rid of weak root shoots and growths;
• complete destruction of the diseased plant;
• thorough treatment of the contaminated area of ​​land with copper sulfate;
• disinfection with formaldehyde of all garden tools, with which the seedling came into contact.

Plum pests

In addition to diseases, pests cause serious problems for owners of plum trees. Gardeners need to know the typical insect pests by sight. There is a whole range of special means to combat them, but the best way out is to use preventive measures.

Fruit mite

The fruit mite is a dangerous pest, which is a creature less than 1 cm in size with a round brown body. The mite clings to the plum tree with its limbs, sucking out all the juices from it, and especially often feeds on young foliage. Ticks live on trees all year round and lay eggs all over the surface.

You can get rid of fruit mites with the help of insecticides, infusions with a strong odor - from mustard, garlic, onions, they must be diluted with water. They should also be used as a preventive measure in the spring. A quality inspection of the leaves and burning of the dried leaves is also required.

Gall mite

This pest settles not only on plums, but also on thorns. According to description appearance he looks like a worm. The peculiarity of the gall mite is that when it sticks to a tree, it becomes like a wart.

Ticks spend the winter well on trees to feed in the spring. fresh juices leaves, then they are clearly visible by their red color. In summer, ticks take on a resemblance to tree bark and become difficult to detect.

It is necessary to get rid of parts of the plum tree infected with gall mites; treating the diseased tree with sulfur is useful.

Ants

Ants are another problem for plum owners. They feed on delicious fruit juice and are not averse to eating kidneys. Ants are dangerous because their activity provokes the spread of aphids throughout the tree. These insects also dig the ground, damaging the roots. There are several ways to overcome them:

• construction of a protective barrier from available materials, the cavities of the barrier must be filled with water;
• applying tar to a tree trunk;
• placing a belt coated with a thick layer of glue around the trunk;
• special toxic substances of chemical composition.

Aphid

Summer residents often wonder who eats the leaves on the plum tree; in most cases, the answer is clear - it’s aphids. Due to its influence, the leaves wither, curl, dry out and fall to the ground. These insects have different colors and are often disguised as green foliage. One tree can be attacked by a whole horde of aphids.

Aphids are the most common “guest” on plum trees

The fight against aphids must begin in advance - before the buds appear. When infested with aphids, the following methods are suitable:

• watering dried marigolds with a solution;
• ash is mixed with soap, the resulting mixture is infused for a couple of days, then regular spraying is carried out;
• solutions from citrus peels and laundry soap, a bucket of which is poured onto the bottom of the tree.

We propose to consider this plum disease and its treatment in detail, since it is very common.

The causative agent of black nodule is a mushroom Plowrightia morbosa (Schw.) Sacc. Young and older shoots thicken, spindle-shaped soft greenish swellings appear, which gradually harden and crack. The developing mycelium gives them a velvety black color. The growths increase, which causes deformation of the affected branches, and the development of mycelium leads to the death of the wood and drying out of the branches. The infection persists in the wood of the affected branches. The disease often occurs on apricot.

Look at the typical signs of this plum disease in the photo where they are illustrated:

Control measures. Timely pruning and burning of branches with black knots, disinfecting the cuts with 1% copper sulfate and covering them with oil paint. Preventive spraying of trees in the spring when buds are breaking with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak).

The causative agent of this plum tree disease is a fungus Phellinus igniarius (L.: Fr.) Quel. A plum trunk disease called false fungus causes white heart rot of the wood. Common on plum, cherry, sweet cherry, pear trunks, and on deciduous forest trees. A typical sign of plum bark disease is veins and black lines in the tissues of the affected wood. The fruiting bodies are perennial, hoof-shaped, cushion-shaped, occasionally nodule-shaped, prostrate.

The surface is grayish-black or black-brown, with concentric grooves and usually deep cracks. The edge is blunt, less often pointed. The fabric is woody, very hard, dark brown or rusty brown. The hymenophore is rusty brown, sometimes with a grayish coating, usually located at a right angle to the trunk.

Look characteristic features plum diseases in the photo, which shows the differences between healthy and damaged bark and wood:

Effective protection of plums from diseases caused by other tinder fungi must be timely.

Look at these plum diseases and the fight against them in the photo, which shows both signs of damage and agrotechnical treatment measures:

Red plum tinder fungus.

The causative agent is a fungus Phellinus tuberculosus (Baumg.) Niem. (syn. Ph. poraaceus (Pers.) Maire). The plum tinder fungus causes core rot of trunks and branches, and sometimes the sapwood (in cherries) is also affected. The affected tissue shows strong yellowing with brown stripes along the edges, rot spreads up and down the trunk, and the roots are often affected. Infection occurs through frost holes, saw cuts and mechanical damage. All stone fruits, bird cherry, hawthorn, and sometimes apple and pear are affected.

The fruiting bodies are small, in the form of woody thick caps or hoof-shaped, with an outstretched base, nodule-shaped or terrace-like fused. The surface is initially velvety, later bare, smooth or fissured, sometimes vaguely furrowed, with a blunt, barren reddish edge, brownish-gray to black or yellowish-brown. The fabric is brownish-rusty. The hymenophore is reddish, with age it becomes a brownish-tobacco color with a grayish coating.

The tinder fungus is flat.

The causative agent is a fungus Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch.) G. F. Atk. (syn. Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex Wallr.) Pat.). Flat tinder fungus causes white or yellowish-white rot in wood, causing trees to break easily. It affects weakened, drying deciduous trees, plums, cherries, pears, apple trees, etc. Infection occurs on the roots, at the base of the trunk, from where the mycelium spreads upward along the core. Fruiting bodies are in the form of lateral, usually single flat caps, often very large, 20-50 cm wide. The surface is uneven, tuberculate, chocolate-brown or grayish-brown, matte or with a slight sheen. There is a thin hard crust. The fabric is cork-felt, dark brown, often with white efflorescences. The hymenophore is initially white, later brownish.

The causative agent is a fungus Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr. The sulfur-yellow tinder fungus causes brown heart rot that quickly spreads throughout the wood. The affected tissue cracks and is filled with whitish films of the mycelium. The tinder fungus is found on cherries, less often on cherries, pears, hardwoods. The fruiting bodies are large (up to 40 cm), in the form of thick fan-shaped or spatulate wavy caps located on the bed. The surface is bare, light orange or orange-pink, turning pale when dry. The tissue is white or creamy, soft, watery-fleshy, hardens when dried, and is fragile. The hymenophore is lemon-yellow or sulfur-colored.

Control measures. Cutting and burning of fruiting bodies, disinfection of all cuts, cuts, frost holes, mechanical damage with 1% copper sulfate, covering with oil paint on natural drying oil. Timely removal and burning of dried trees along with their roots. Preventive annual spring spraying of gardens before leaves bloom with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak).

The description of this plum disease must begin with the fact that its causative agent is a fungus Ovularia circumscissa Sorok . The spots on the leaves are large, concentric, oval or round, merging, Brown and without bordering. Over time, a gray coating of fungal sporulation develops on the surface of the necrotic tissue, and the affected tissues crack and fall out. The leaves turn brown and fall off prematurely. The infection persists in the affected plant debris.

Having studied the proposed description of the plum disease with photographs, you can begin to study methods of treating ovular spot:

Control measures. Collecting and composting fallen affected leaves. Preventive spraying of trees in the spring before flowering and immediately after it with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak). In case of mass spread of spotting, repeated spraying is carried out in the summer, taking into account the waiting time for the preparations, and after harvesting the fruits.

Black plum leaves.

The causative agent of plum leaf disease is a saprotrophic fungus Fumago vagans Pers. The disease manifests itself in early summer, when young leaves and petioles of plums are covered with a sooty coating in the form of an easily erasable black film. The fungus develops on the sweet secretions of aphids, which are always abundant in early summer. The formation of a dense film has a bad effect on the growth and development of young leaves and shoots, as the efficiency of the photosynthesis process decreases. And this leads to a decrease in the yield and decorative value of trees.

Control measures. Preventive spraying before flowering or immediately after it against a complex of pests, including aphids, with one of the drugs: fufanon, kemifos, fitoverm, actellik, spark, Inta-Vir. The sooty deposits are washed off with water and the trees are sprayed with 1%-1 Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes. In this case, it is very effective to use a tank mixture of drugs: fufanon (10 ml) + HOM (or Abiga-Pik) (40 g/10 l | water). Spraying is carried out before flowering, immediately after flowering and, if necessary, after picking berries. This treatment is effective against a complex of pests and diseases on all berry, fruit and ornamental plants in the garden.

Plum rust.

The causative agent is a multi-host fungus Riscinia prunispinosae Pers. syn. Tranzchelia prunispinosae /Pers./ Diet./. The aecidial stage develops on the buttercup anemone, uredinio- and teliosporation - on stone fruit leaves.

Rust affects plums and sloe, and to a lesser extent apricot, almond and peach. The fungus overwinters on fallen, infected leaves, in the spring it infects anemone, and in the summer the spores re-infect plum or apricot leaves.

Small yellowish spots form on the leaves, on the underside of which brown convex sporulation pads develop. Affected leaves dry out prematurely and fall off. The infection persists in the affected plant debris and in the rhizomes of anemone.

Control measures. Collection and removal of plant debris and weeds, especially anemone. Preventive spraying of trees immediately after flowering with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak).

The milky sheen can be non-infectious and infectious. The first is caused by unfavorable factors external environment, primarily by freezing of fruit trees. The leaves of most of the crown acquire grey colour with a metallic sheen, become hard, the wood of the branches does not change. Affected leaves fall prematurely, which weakens the trees and reduces their winter hardiness.

Infectious milky sheen is caused by a fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Fr. . , which is a secondary infection when trees freeze in winter time. Stem rot develops, first affecting individual branches, and gradually the entire tree. The affected wood on a cross section has brown spots of varying sizes, and the leaves acquire a silvery tint due to the formation of air cavities under the skin.

In mid-June, the affected leaves become deformed, become covered with brown spots and, starting from the tip, dry out. On dying branches, leathery fruiting bodies form in the form of thin plates 2-3 cm wide, and the trees gradually dry out. The infection persists in the affected wood. The milky sheen hits everything fruit trees and many hardwoods.

Control measures. Compliance with all requirements of agricultural technology for growing fruit crops, pruning dry branches, removing dried trees. Disinfection of all cuts and mechanical damage with 1% copper sulfate, covering with oil paint. Annual preventative spraying of gardens before flowering and immediately after it with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak).

The causative agent of this disease of plum fruit is a fungus Cladosporium carpophilum (Thume) Oud . Affects plum, apricot, peach.

This plum disease and its treatment with photos are presented further on the page: all the signs and methods of control are discussed.

The disease manifests itself on fruits, less often on leaves and shoots.

When the fruit reaches half its size, small, greenish-olive fuzzy spots appear on the skin. Scab spots enlarge, become darker and velvety, and acquire clear boundaries. With severe scab development, the spots merge and a crust forms on the surface of the fruit, which often cracks. In some years, severe fruit shedding is observed. By the end of summer, leaves and young shoots are overinfected, on which blurry pale green spots appear, usually on the underside of the leaf. The infection persists in the bark of the affected shoots, in the affected fallen leaves and fruits.

Control measures. Preventive spraying in the spring, before the leaves bloom and immediately after flowering, with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak). In case of severe manifestation of the disease, after harvesting the fruits, spray with one of the drugs: speed, rayok, chorus. Timely collection and burning of fallen affected leaves and fruits.

Penicillium rot.

The causative agent is a fungus Penicillium glaucum Lk. (syn. P. expansum (Lk.) Thom.). The disease develops on mechanically damaged or overripe, cracked fruits of plums, apples and many other fruits and vegetable crops. The affected tissues turn brown, rot, and become covered with a dense greenish coating of fungal sporulation. The fruits become unsuitable for consumption.

Penicillium rot often appears during long-term storage of collected fruits, when they become massively infected and rot. The infection persists in the soil on plant debris.

Control measures. Removal of plant residues, collection of carrion. Preventive spraying of gardens in the spring before flowering or immediately after it with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak).