In addition to the standard insignia that all other types of troops of the USSR had, the Navy had another one, characteristic only for this type. In addition to the usual naval flag, the red banner naval and others, the ships carried one more, which is called "jack". The appearance of this flag is different from all others, its location is also different, but the purpose is the same as that of other flags: to convey information about which country the ship belongs to, whether it is civilian or military. In the case of the USSR flag, it was immediately possible to understand that the ship was military, but more on that below.

The history of the jack as a separate flag.

The word "Huys" comes from the Dutch language and originally meant the flag, which is attached to the bow of the ship and carries information about which country it belongs to. It could be used along with civil, commercial and other flags that indicate belonging on a different basis. On the bow of the ship, a flag was installed for better visibility. In the USSR, the jack was worn only by warships, that is, we can say that the Navy was the only type of fleet that bore this distinctive sign. Initially, the jack was worn by completely different ships, in some countries there is still a civil jack. In the late XIX - early XX centuries. the civil jack was used not to show the ship's belonging to the country, but to inform which trading company the ship was assigned to. Sometimes they were not trading, but logistics companies. In other words, we are talking about any commerce, not about warships. However, in the overwhelming majority of countries, jacks are used only on military ships. As for the location of the flag on the ship: sometimes the jack was called the bowsprit flag, since it was located on the bowsprit - roughly speaking, on the most protruding part of the bow of the ship. On modern ships and on ships of the USSR, the bowsprit no longer existed, the jack was on the tank - a superstructure located also on the bow of the ship. Another "popular" name for jacks is a parking flag. This name was especially widespread just in the USSR and modern Russia, since this flag is raised only when the ship is at anchor (or on a surfaced submarine), although earlier this flag was on the ship all the time, during the movement too.

Directly on the territory of modern Russia (and the former USSR), the jack was introduced under Peter I, after his visit to England, where at the time of his reign the jack was used everywhere in accordance with its purpose. The Russian ruler liked the very idea by means of a flag to designate all the power of the fleet of the Russian Empire, therefore this flag was established at the very end of the 17th century. Its appearance differs from the modern one and from what existed during the Soviet era. In the Russian Empire, the appearance of the jack was identical to the appearance of the fortress flag, which was placed on the highest points of coastal fortresses and other military buildings.

Guys in the USSR.

The appearance of the jack of the USSR was formed only by 1924, despite the fact that the USSR appeared earlier. As you know, after the October Revolution, all the symbolism, at least somehow hinting at the existence of the Russian Empire, was destroyed, replaced by Bolshevik paraphernalia. Guys, for some reason, became an exception. Until the mentioned year, it was a model of the times of the Russian Empire. But it cannot be said that the version of the times of the USSR has changed very much. This flag in those days existed in three variations: 1924, 1932 and 1964.

So, the 1924 Soviet era jack looks like this: a red rectangular canvas with a white circle in the center. In the middle of the circle there is a red star, against which the symbol of socialism is a white sickle and hammer. Stripes of white and blue colors diverge from the circle. White stripes are narrow, they are located strictly vertically and horizontally, parallel to the sides of the flag. They lie from the edge of the circle to the edge of the side, dividing the flag into quarters, as it were. Diagonally from the circle in all 4 directions, dividing these quarters in half, there are wider blue stripes, bordered by the same narrow white ones. This jack differed from the jack of the Russian Empire only in the proportions of the stripes, and instead of a white circle, a star, a sickle and a hammer, there was an imperial coat of arms. In 1932, the flag was significantly modified. It was decided to completely abandon the elements that identify the flag with the Russian Empire. From this year on, the flag looked like a completely red canvas without any stripes, in the center of it there is a large white star, in the middle of which, keeping proportions, was a red star, in which there were a sickle and a hammer. Thus, the flag contained purely socialist features, denoting the ship's belonging to the USSR. In 1964, the appearance of the flag underwent another change, which was insignificant: only the proportions of all elements changed, as well as their location relative to the entire canvas as a whole. The serf flag, which retained its function at the time, looked identical.

Guys is a symbolism related exclusively to the navy, which distinguishes this type of troops from others.

It is connected with the construction of the first Russian warship "Eagle" in 1669. According to the surviving evidence for the "Eagle" in 1668, a flag was made consisting of white, blue and red (and for the production of the flag an equal amount of fabric of each color was required), the exact arrangement of the colors is not known, the flag was ordered to "write" Russian National emblem. There are several reconstructions of this flag. According to one of the reconstructions (by P. Belavenets), the Eagle flag was divided by a blue cross into 2 red and 2 white fields according to the Strelets pattern (similar flags are depicted on the engraving of Adrian Shkhonebek “The Siege of Azov in 1696” (ca 1700). A similar flag, along with other variants, is depicted in one of the first books about the flags of the Dutchman Karl Alyard (1695) The date of publication of the book Alyard (1695) should not confuse the reader, at that time the books were printed for a very long time, and corrections and additions were made during the printing process In reality, this version of the flag could appear in the book no earlier than 1698.

Other historians believed that already on the "Eagle" there was a flag of three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. Probably the first to express this idea was the historian of the fleet F.F. Veselago

Peter I, carried away by the idea of ​​creating a Russian fleet, himself studied maritime affairs, he walked on a boat on Lake Pereyaslavskoye, Prosyan pond in Izmailovo. Today the boat of Peter I is kept in the Navy Museum. On the surviving engravings, the boat is depicted with the imperial standard on the mast and the flag of the admiral-general at the stern.

According to the historian P.I.Belavenets, on August 6, 1693 in Arkhangelsk, on an armed yacht "St. Peter", Peter I used a striped white-blue-red "Tsar of Moscow flag" with a golden double-headed eagle in the middle lane. In the book of flags by Karlus Alyard, this flag was described as follows:

"The flag of His Imperial Majesty of Moscow is divided into three, the upper stripe is white, the middle is blue, the lower one is red. On the blue stripe of gold with a royal karuna, there is a double-headed eagle with a red stamp in its heart, with a silver St. George without a snake."

Now this flag is kept in the Maritime Museum of St. Petersburg. He got there from Arkhangelsk, where he stayed for many years, being donated by Peter I to the Archbishop of Arkhangelsk Athanasius.

Some historians are inclined to believe that the white-blue-red flag was borrowed by Peter from Holland (the Dutch flag is almost the same, only the order of the stripes is different). Maybe it is so. But, as we can see, the use of white, blue and red colors on the flag was recorded even during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Peter's father, long before the West European voyage of Peter Alexeevich. The "Dutch" version is also connected with the head of the "Eagle" construction, the Dutch captain O. Butler. He is credited with the idea of ​​making the flag of the Russian ship modeled on the flags of his homeland.

In 1695, Peter I began a war with Turkey. This served as a powerful impetus for the creation of a military fleet. Many warships were built. Russian sailors entered the Black Sea and then into the Baltic Sea.

In 1697, Peter I established a new model of the naval flag of Russia, which consisted of horizontal white, blue, red stripes. In October-November 1699, the first versions of the Andreev flag appeared. In 1699, when the ship "Fortress" sailed to Constantinople, Peter I, in instructions to the Russian envoy Emelyan Ukraintsev, drew a three-sheet flag with an oblique cross crossing it.

Peter I especially emphasized that the Andreev flag was chosen by him in honor of St. Andrew the First-Called "for the sake of the fact that Russia received holy baptism from this apostle." In addition, the Andreev flag, according to the thought of Peter I, showed that Russia has access to four seas. It is very likely that Peter's choice was influenced by the flag of Scotland he saw in Europe (blue with a white St. Andrew's cross). Saint Andrew was considered the patron saint of Scotland long before the introduction of his cult in Russia. The Scottish Order of St. Andrew is known. Peter copied the order and may have decided to transfer the St. Andrew's flag to Russian soil, only by changing its colors.

On engravings depicting ships of that time, one can see various options for transitional types of naval flags(some of them are probably true, some are most likely an erroneous reconstruction of the engraver). For example, in the engraving depicting the ship "Predistination", flags of 9 horizontal stripes are depicted on the bow, topmast and stern; white, blue and red (a similar practice was widespread in Holland). The frigate "Dumkart" is depicted with a "hybrid" flag - the St. Andrew's cross is framed above and below by stripes of national colors.

On the engraving depicting "Poltava", a white flag with the St. Andrew's cross, which does not reach the ends of the flag's corners, flies at the stern of the ship, and the imperial standard on the topmast. However, the engraving of "Poltava" raises certain criticism. The fact is that on the bow of the ship there is a red flag with the St.Andrew's cross in the canton, and on the stern there is a flag with an St. This practice is highly questionable. In the Russian fleet, the jack (bow flag) first repeated the stern flag, and then a single jack was introduced. If there is a "colored" flag on the bow, then there must be one at the stern as well. Apparently the author of the engraving somewhat "approximated" the information he had.

The Navy of the Russian Federation has one special sign, unusual for other types of troops, which additionally helps to identify a unit of transport or military equipment, in this case, ships. We are talking about a jack - a distinctive flag indicating that a ship belongs to the navy of a particular state. Moreover, in Russia, the obligation to carry and raise this flag for warships of only 1 and 2 ranks is legally enshrined. That is, the circle of the yuis bearers is very much narrowed, which facilitates this very identification. There is also a fortress flag, which differs from the jack in its location and functions, but looks exactly the same. This flag is also used in the Russian Federation, however, it is not located on ships, but on coastal military buildings. It is also intended to be a distinctive sign indicating that these buildings are assigned to the army.

The appearance of the jack in Russia, general information about the flag.

For the first time, the jack was established on the territory of modern Russia only in 1698 by order of Peter the Great. That year he visited England, where he decided to adopt this flag from the British in order to use it in his country in order to show what a strong and strong fleet the Russian Empire has. At the same time, the serf flag appeared, which already at that time performed absolutely the same function as now. At that time, the jack was attached to the bowsprit - a wooden extension in the bow of the ship, designed for better maneuvering. This place was the most advantageous for flagging, as it is usually the most prominent and prominent. There is no bowsprit on modern ships, as it was only used on sailing ships. On the new technique, the jack is also attached to the bow of the ship, on an extension called the tank. Previously, the jack was located on ships all the time: both during movement and during anchorage, stopping at the port, and so on. Since the times of the USSR, the order has changed: the flag was hoisted only during parking, thereby acquiring the popular name "parking". With the advent of submarines, the flag began to be used there as well. But due to the impossibility of finding it on the boat all the time, it was initially erected only when the boat was rising to the surface. In modern times, the flag is raised and lowered along with the usual naval flag, as a rule, this time is from 8 am to sunset.

It should be noted that the jack is not considered a "military" flag in all countries. In some countries, there is also a civil jack, simply indicating that the vessel belongs to a particular country or a commercial company, but in Russia it is a purely military flag.

The use of jacks is currently in the Russian Federation.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became necessary to bring the symbols of the naval units in accordance with the signed international legal acts. The flag has partially returned to its appearance during the times of the Russian Empire. If during the existence of the USSR the type of jack was quite different from its type during the empire, then 1992 returned the standard view for jacks. From this to 2000, the jack looked like a standard red rectangular canvas with wide diagonally located (from the center to the corners) stripes of blue, which are edged with narrower stripes of white, which also divide the flag into 4 quarters vertically and horizontally. This blue "cross" resembled the famous St. Andrew's cross. In order to return the look of the more familiar St.Andrew's Cross to the jack, changes were made in 2000: the blue color of the wide stripes was changed to blue. At the present time, the jack of the Russian Navy exists in this form. The serf flag changed in the same way as the jack. At the moment they look identical.

The border ships of the Russian Navy have their own special jack, which, however, is not much different from the standard one that is used by the rest of the fleet. The frontier jack was formed simultaneously with the frontier fleet in 1993. It also has the right to lift only ships of rank 1 and 2. Until 2008, this flag existed in the following form: St. Andrew's Cross is also present, however, the color of the wide stripes is rather blue than blue. The proportions of the stripes are also slightly changed: the white stripes are wider than they are on a regular jack. Since 2008, as a result of the reform, which affected all state symbols, including the military, the flag slightly changed its appearance. The wide blue stripes have become truly blue in accordance with the standard St. Andrew's Cross, and the white stripes bordering the cross (that is, diagonal) have become much wider. The vertical and horizontal stripes are slightly narrower.

Guys is the most important part of the symbols of the Russian Navy. It is he who allows you to very accurately identify the belonging of ships to the Russian Navy, as well as determine which ship is recognized: borderline or not. In some cases, it even helps to understand that the water border of Russia is located somewhere nearby.

At present, the flannel uniform shirts, consisting of the provision of the modern fleet, are blue, and the summer cotton uniforms are white (with a blue jacke, edged with three white stripes).

The uniform collar is part of the formal-output uniform of the rank and file of the Navy and is worn with a flannel or uniform.

How did the jack appear

The naval suit shirt is decorated with a large blue collar with three white stripes along the edge. The history of its origin is very curious. In the old days, sailors were required to wear powdered wigs and oiled horsehair braids. The pigtails stained the robe, and the sailors were punished for this, so they came up with the idea of ​​hanging a leather rag under the pigtail. No braids have been worn in the Navy for a long time, and the leather flap has turned into a blue collar, reminding us of old times.

There is another version: the hood was transformed into a sailor collar, with which the sailors were covered from splashes.

The shaped collar is also called jack.

Literary version

... It was a dark night ... Our young cabin boy, after being rescued on the water, could not sleep. Jumping out onto the deck, he saw the boatswain smoking his pipe at the stern.

- Well, young man, can't you sleep? How long has there been a command "End" ?; The boatswain looked at him questioningly.

- No, I can't sleep !; answered the cabin boy.

- I would like to thank you for my salvation!; the cabin boy blurted out warmly and gratefully. You pulled me out of this sea!

- I didn’t get you out of the sea, but from the other world !; answered the old sailor.

By the way, why is he not dressed according to his uniform? Where is your jack?

Bowing his head, our cabin boy was found:

- I washed it, this minute!

After a while, he ran back, carrying his jack in his arms.

- Well, that's commendable! Do you know what it is?; asked the boatswain.

- I just heard that it is a collar…. And yet - what is it, comrade boatswain?

With a contented chuckle, he invited the cabin boy to his cabin.

- Well, sit back and listen!

Jung all turned out loud.

Here is what the boatswain said:

There are several stories and legends about the appearance of 3 stripes on sailors' jackets, or, as you put it, collars.

At first, in the distant past, on ships, these were really collars, which were used to protect the backs of the rowers from the scorching rays of the Sun and spray.

The collar also, much later, first appeared as a hair lining to keep the “powder” from falling off the wig in foreign navies.

After the wigs were canceled, the square fabric collar was used for insulation - in cold windy weather, it was refueled under a peakless cap and replaced the hood.

Another legend tells that these three stripes appeared with the appearance of three squadrons at Peter I. It was in honor of these squadrons that three stripes appeared on the jack.

Also, there was a story about three victories of our Navy, in honor of three stripes on modern jacks - at Gangut in 1714, Chesma in 1770 and Sinop in 1853.

That is, these victories really took place, but they refer to stripes as a method of patriotic education.

However, jack is first of all - FLAG, my friend!

From the Dutch, “guys” is a naval flag, as well as a flag of seaside fortresses. It rises daily on the bow (on the flagpole on the bowsprit) of the 1st and 2nd rank ships, exclusively during anchorage, together with the stern flag, usually from 8 am until sunset. "

- And then, my friend, that this flag denoted the home port of the ship !; answered the boatswain.

Historical version

For the first time in the Russian Navy, the collar was introduced in 1843.

The origin of the collar has a very interesting history. In those days, sailors wore wigs and oiled horsehair braids. The pigtails stained the clothes, and the sailors were punished for this, so they came up with the idea of ​​putting a leather flap under the pigtail. No braids have been worn in the Navy for a long time, and the leather flap has turned into a blue collar. There is another version: to protect against sea spray and wind, the sailors wore a hood, which then transformed into a collar.

The shaped collar is made of dark blue cotton with three white stripes along the edges. Blue lining. There is one loop at the ends of the collar, in the middle of the neckline there is a button for attaching the collar to the uniform and jacket of a working navy.

Since Peter I

Peter I had three squadrons in the fleet. The first squadron had one white stripe on each collar. The second has two, and the third, especially close to Peter, has three stripes. Thus, the three stripes began to mean a special proximity to Peter's guard of the fleet. At the same time, the first squadron wore white flannel uniform shirts, the second squadron had blue shirts, and the third - red.

Guard first

In 1881, three white stripes on the collars were introduced for the sailors of the Guards Naval Crew. And the next year, 1882, this collar was extended to the entire fleet.

The stripes on it indicated organizational affiliation. The Russian Baltic Fleet at that time was divided into three divisions. At the same time, the sailors of the first division wore one white stripe on the collar, the sailors of the second division, respectively, two stripes, and the sailors of the third - three.

Fleet victories have nothing to do with it

It is widely believed that they were introduced to commemorate the three victories of the Russian fleet:

• at Gangut in 1714;
• Chesma in 1770;
• Sinop in 1853.

But it turns out that this is nothing more than a beautiful and highly patriotic legend.

Undoubtedly, the number of stripes has nothing to do with the victories of the Russian navy. It's just that when choosing a pattern, the purely aesthetic side of the matter prevailed: the collar with three stripes turned out to be the most beautiful and has a simple finished shape. In summer, our navy sailors wear a white linen uniform shirt with the same eye-catching blue collar framed by three white stripes around the edges. The same three stripes are found on the blue cuffs of these shirts.

A little about tapes on peakless caps

The first ribbons in the Russian navy appeared on the oilcloth hats of sailors in 1857 and no later than 1872 on caps. Until that time, only slotted letters and numbers were placed on the rims of sailor's caps, which were painted over or lined with yellow cloth. The exact size, shape of the letters on the ribbons, as well as the ribbons themselves, were approved for the entire rank and file of the Russian fleet on August 19, 1874. In the Soviet Navy, the font on Red Navy ribbons was approved in 1923.

A special ribbon on the caps of Soviet sailors is the ribbon of the guards ships, approved together with the guards badge in 1943. The ribbon of the guards ships has the color of the Order of Glory ribbon made of alternating orange and black stripes.

Some researchers suggest that in the Russian navy the black and orange color of the St. George ribbon repeats the former dynastic colors of the Russian monarchy. This is fundamentally wrong. The old heraldic colors of the Russian monarchy are gold with black or yellow with black. There is a certain indication of 1769 about the approval of the black and orange stripes of the St.

Quotes

- But, comrade boatswain, why hang a flag, or jack, on a bowsprit?; bewildered the cabin boy.

- And then, my friend, that this flag denoted the home port of the ship !; answered the boatswain.

Jack

GUYS, flag raised in the noses. parts of the military. ships of the first two ranks, when they are anchored, together with stern. flag, i.e. from 8 h. before the sun goes down. (Shapes and drawings
G. diff. powers see on colorful. flag tables when describing
states).

Jack- m.

1. A flag raised on the bow of military ships of the first two ranks during anchorage.

2. A large blue collar on a uniform sailor's upper cloth or linen shirt (in the speech of sailors).

Efremova's Explanatory Dictionary. T.F. Efremova. 2000 ... Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova

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Sailors of all generations of the Russian fleet have always been partial to the vest and called it the sea soul.

Among sailors, the underwear jersey shirt with transverse white and blue stripes, commonly called the vest, is a particularly favorite garment. The vest got its name due to the fact that it is worn on a naked body.

What did the vest look like before, what are the stripes and what does their color mean?

The history of the vest

The vest appeared during the heyday of the sailing fleet in Brittany (France), presumably in the 17th century.

The vests had a boat neckline and three-quarter sleeves and were white with dark blue stripes. In Europe at that time, striped clothes were worn by social outcasts and professional executioners. But for Breton sailors, according to one of the versions, the vest was considered a happy piece of clothing for the duration of sea voyages.

In Russia, the tradition of wearing vests began to form, according to some sources, from 1862, according to others - from 1866. Instead of narrow tunics with uncomfortable standing collars, Russian sailors began to wear comfortable flannel Dutch shirts with a cutout on the chest. Under the shirt, a body shirt was worn - a vest.

At first, the vests were given only to participants on long trips and were a matter of special pride. As one of the reports of that time says: "the lower ranks ... mainly wore them on Sundays and holidays when leaving the shore ... and in all cases when it was required to be smartly dressed ...". The order, signed on August 19, 1874 by the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, finally secured the vest as part of the uniform. This day can be considered the birthday of the Russian vest.

The vest has a great advantage over other underwear shirts. Fitting tightly to the body, it does not interfere with free movement during work, retains heat well, is convenient when washing, and dries quickly in the wind.

This type of light marine clothing has not lost its importance today, although sailors now rarely have to climb on shrouds. Over time, the vest came into use in other types of troops, although in few places it is an official part of the uniform. Nevertheless, this wardrobe item is used in the ground forces and even in the militia.

Why is the striped vest and what does the color of the stripes mean?

The blue and white transverse stripes of the vests matched the colors of the Russian naval Andreevsky flag. In addition, the sailors, dressed in such shirts, were clearly visible from the deck against the background of the sky, sea and sails.

The tradition of making stripes multi-colored was strengthened in the 19th century - the sailor's belonging to a particular flotilla was determined by color. After the collapse of the USSR, the colors of the stripes of the vests were "distributed" to different types of troops.

What does the color of the stripes on the vest mean:

black: submarine forces and marines;
cornflower blue: the presidential regiment and special forces of the FSB;
light green: border troops;
light blue: airborne forces;
maroon: Ministry of Internal Affairs;
orange: Ministry of Emergencies.

What is jack?

Guys in the navy is called a collar that is tied over a uniform. The real meaning of the word "guys" (from the Dutch geus - "flag") is a naval flag. The flag is raised daily on the bows of the 1st and 2nd rank ships during anchorage from 8 am until sunset.

The history of the appearance of the jack is rather prosaic. In the Middle Ages in Europe, men wore long hair or wigs, and sailors braided their hair in ponytails and pigtails. To protect against lice, the hair was smeared with tar. To prevent tar from staining their clothes, the sailors covered their shoulders and back with a protective leather collar-jack, which could be easily wiped off the dirt.

Over time, the leather collar was changed to a cloth collar. Long hairstyles are a thing of the past, but the tradition of wearing a collar remains. In addition, after the abolition of wigs, a square fabric collar was used for insulation - in cold windy weather, it was tucked under clothes.

Why are there three stripes on the jack?

There are several versions of the origin of the three stripes on the jack. According to one of them, three stripes symbolize three major victories of the Russian fleet:

at Gangut in 1714;
at Chesma in 1770;
at Sinop in 1853.

It should be noted that sailors from other countries also have stripes on the jack, the origin of which is explained in a similar way. Most likely, this repetition occurred as a result of borrowing form and legend. Who was the first to invent the stripes is not known for certain.

According to another legend, the founder of the Russian fleet, Peter I, had three squadrons. The first squadron had one white stripe on each collar. The second has two, and the third, especially close to Peter, has three strips. Thus, the three stripes began to mean a special proximity to Peter the Guard of the fleet. (