Device rafter system directly depends on the choice of roof type. Hip roof rearranges a rectangle, the structure of which is considered one of the most complex. The design has four identical slopes, but if desired, their number can be changed, the main thing is to maintain symmetry. In this article we will tell you how the rafter system of a hip roof consists of.

The photo shows a diagram of the structure of the rafters of the tent structure.

The hip roof belongs to the hipped type of structure and has the shape of a tent. The design of the rafter system is presented in the form of an isosceles triangle, connecting at one point, and the base is made in the form of a polygon. The square base of a hip-type roof is considered classic, however, its structure can be made in a different form. A hipped hip roof can be made in the following configuration:

• trapezoidal slopes;
• attic roof;
• bay or yand roof;
• domed slopes and round base;
• presence of six or eight bases.

For information! When installing a classic form, it is recommended to use calculations for the rafter system of a hip roof, taking into account the current building codes and rules.

Advantages and disadvantages

The photo shows a house with a hip roof. Despite the complexity of the rafter system of a tent structure, its popularity in the design of private houses is quite high. Experts note the following advantages of the tent structure:

• High aerodynamic characteristics, allowing you to reliably protect a hip-type roof from strong and squally gusts of wind, without tearing it off roofing material and collapse attic space;
• The presence of steep slopes eliminates the process of cleaning the roof from snow and debris;
• Hip roof allows for expansion usable area at home and equip the attic;
• Gives an original appearance to any structure;
• High structural strength, reliable protection from freezing and precipitation.

The disadvantages include the following:

• A large amount of consumables;
• The absence of gables requires the installation of dormer windows, which are fixed directly into the slope.

Construction of a tent structure

A hipped hipped roof and rafter system can be constructed in two ways: hanging or sloping. A set of inclined rafters is considered the most economical and simplest to install. The main structural elements of a hip roof consist of:

• Ridge knot - an element where all the rafter legs are connected, forming its apex point;
• The presence of a triangular-shaped slope, rafters provide support and form the surface of the structure. The angle of inclination should be 20-50 degrees, regardless of the number of roof corners;
• Overhangs - this element performs protective function buildings from precipitation and wind gusts. The fillies and rafter legs are responsible for the high-quality formation of overhangs.

For information! Overhangs can reliably protect a building provided that the element length is permissible, so when making calculations, take into account the overhang length of at least 50 cm.

• Roof covering- a building material covering the rafter system of the entire structure. The main task of roofing material is to protect the entire surface from the penetration of snow, rain and cold. Most often, metal tiles, slate, roofing felt, and ondulin are used as materials.
• Rafter system- an important element of the tent structure, serves as a support, is able to reflect the load and prevents the destruction of the foundation, load-bearing elements structures;
• Drainage system- is responsible for the unhindered release of moisture into storm sewer. The complex includes vertical pipes, funnels and gutters.

Features of the rafter system

Hip roofing structures can be made using a layered or hanging system. Hanging rafters are installed when there are no internal walls in the house, and the rafter system rests directly on bearing structures Houses. The photo shows specifications hanging rafter systems. The system of layered rafters involves fixation to the middle load-bearing wall or to support pillars, which are firmly fixed with reinforced concrete.

For information! For hipped roofs with a slope angle of 40 degrees and above, it is recommended to use layered rafters.

An important point is correct selection supports for the rafter system. For example, for a frame structure they use top harness, y brick house the function of support is played by the mauerlat, and in log houses the upper crowns are used.

Calculation of the hip rafter system

The following measurements will help you avoid mistakes and complete all calculations:

• eaves overhang length;
• basic parameters of slopes (angle of inclination, length, width);
• type of base shape,
• width and length of the roof base.

When all the calculations have been completed, a drawing of the rafter complex should be made. As a rule, for this you can use a special online service, with which you can make correct calculations roofing material.

If you turn to specialists for help, design future design begins with making a drawing, namely drawing the outlines of the structure. When drawing a roof, the height of the structure does not depend on the height of the walls, however, this parameter should be taken into account when calculating snow and wind loads.

For information! At small angle slope there is a risk of precipitation stagnation on the entire roof plane. Experts recommend using an inclination angle of 30-60 degrees.

You can learn more about how to independently calculate the rafter system of a hip roof from the video.

The calculation of the rafter system is carried out using the Pythagorean theorem. If the base of the structure is square, the slopes will be like an isosceles triangle with the same angle of inclination and their dimensions. To simplify the task, it is recommended to calculate the rafters on one element and transfer the obtained data to the remaining fragments of the complex.

The tent design assumes too high consumption construction and roofing materials, because when performing work it will be necessary to perform a large number of res. However, this quality and reliable roof can protect the house from various influences external environment, and her original look will attract the attention of others.

A hipped roof is a roof that has a hipped roof covering. It consists of identical triangular slopes, necessarily isosceles, connecting in the center. Maintaining symmetry is the main thing in constructing such a roof.

In its outline, this type of roof is similar to a tent, hence the name. Since the hip roof has a similar geometry to a tetrahedral pyramid, such a roof is often called pyramidal(pyramid roof).

Most often, a hip roof is erected over square-shaped buildings. Sometimes, when constructing a hip roof, a larger number of slopes are used, the main thing is that in appearance it resembles a pyramid or a polygon with equal sides.

This is one of the varieties of hipped roofs. In terms of design and construction features, it is very similar to a hip roof: it also has no gables, and the eaves overhang runs at the same level along the entire perimeter of the building.

According to historians, the appearance of a roof in the form of a tent goes back centuries, even huts primitive people resembled the shape of tents. Excavations carried out in Mesopotamia, where one of the most ancient developed states once existed, show that even the ancient Sumerians erected buildings with roofs in the form of tents, such roofs were especially often used on religious buildings: temples, temples, chapels. Hip roofs can also be found on ancient towers and castles, where the structures strongly resemble a steep slope.

Currently, such roofs are often used in the construction of cottages, gazebos and other low-rise buildings.

Design

The design features of this type of roof include the arrangement of the rafter system; it is designed in two ways:

Hanging rafter system is as follows: the rafter beams rest directly on the walls, creating horizontal pressure; this system requires a system of special ties. Used if the roof spans have big sizes, and the installation of supports is not provided for in the project.

Layered method more popular, but for its implementation it is necessary to have a load-bearing wall indoors. It bears the main load, but there is practically no pressure on the walls when constructing a roof in this way.

The hip-shaped roof has whole line benefits worth mentioning:

• for buildings with a hip roof, pediments are not provided, which greatly reduces the consumption of materials and work for the construction of pediments and hemming of eaves;
• a roof of this type has excellent aerodynamic properties and is not afraid of strong winds, and the design features will prevent precipitation from entering the attic;
• the surface of such a roof is heated by the sun's rays from several sides at once; on sunny days, the room under an uninsulated roof will be warmer;
• The slopes of such a roof are located at a certain angle, which helps drain rainwater and melting snow from the roof.

But, like every design, this roof also has a number of disadvantages:

• a hip roof is quite complex to design and construct, but upon completion of construction, its rich appearance and ease of use often hide this drawback;
• the design of this roof is replete with a large number of connections, beams and rafters, it is necessary to strictly monitor the reliability of all components and connections in order to avoid loss of rigidity and plane shape during the construction of the roof;
• cost of construction - to install such a roof, as a rule, it is necessary to hire professionals in their field, which always increases the cost of the construction process;
• an attic or attic, built under a tent-shaped roof, is significantly smaller in size than a room under a gable roof;
• large waste when using most roofing coatings (especially).

Popularity

The use of hipped roofs has become quite widespread in our time; they are used not only in private construction, but also in the construction of all kinds of modern buildings. They are also used to decorate buildings intended for entertainment centers or expensive restaurants. Such a roof gives any building extravagance and exoticism.

More complex buildings are designed based on a hip roof. Currently, gable elements, dormer windows and elements of other types of roofs are added to a tent-based structure in unlimited quantities. Parts of hip roofs are cut in, complicating the structure and giving it a more beautiful and elegant look.

The hip roof is symmetrical and its shape resembles a pyramid with a rectangular base. This design allows you to save on wall material because it has no pediments.

A significant disadvantage of a hip roof is the rafter system, which is more complex compared to its design for other types of roofs. The rafter structure must be installed with high quality, since the slightest error in the calculation can even provoke its collapse. For this reason, it is quite difficult to carry out construction work on your own; it is wiser to resort to the services of professionals.

There are two types of rafters:

- inclined, which are installed, as a rule, on a hipped roof with an angle of inclination of no more than 40 degrees; such rafters are quite easy to install and are beneficial in terms of economy;
- hanging rafters, which are supported by external walls; this kind of rafters is quite difficult to manufacture and also to repair.

The hip roof structure is made as follows. A support beam, the so-called Mauerlat, is placed under the rafter legs or along the entire length of the building. In case of brick house, the beam is installed on the inside of the wall, and moisture-proofing material must be placed between the wall and the Mauerlat. If the house is wooden, the top of the frame will act as a mauerlat.

In the upper part of the rafter structure, parallel to the support beam, it is necessary to lay a support beam (purlin). It is needed to support the rafters. The roof ridge will be higher. During the construction process, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the gap between the purlins and the Mauerlat should not be more than 4.5 meters. To withstand wind loads from the side of the pediment, diagonal braces, braces and struts are made. To insulate the roof, it is recommended to lay a layer of vapor and waterproofing material. After completing all this work, you can begin installing the roofing.

At square type the slope consists of four triangles. But the hip roof also has its drawback. Its frame is quite complex and requires precision and considerable effort during installation.

The biggest difficulty in creating such a roof is the correct calculation of the design diagram. By making inaccurate measurements and calculations, the builder risks exposing himself to additional purchase costs. additional materials and restructuring of the structure. Such an incident will inevitably lead to a significant increase in the cost of work and materials.

However, it is possible to make the correct calculations and install the roof without resorting to the services of professionals.

After implementation preliminary calculations, you can proceed to the actual installation of the roof frame.

There are basic principles for arranging a hip roof:

· the same wood must be used for the ridge and rafter system;

· intermediate boards require a steeper slope, and their size cannot be less than 5 centimeters by 15 centimeters;

· short elements are attached to the corner rafters;

· the central rafters are fixed to the ridge board;

· the rafters are supported in the ridge board and in the upper strapping end;

· the ridge plays the role of a load-bearing axis;

· slanted rafters are fixed at one end to the ridge, and the other protrude beyond the house;

· central rafters extend to all walls;

· branching of intermediate rafters is carried out from the ridge.

It is easy to find out more details about the schemes and procedure by contacting us: a hip roof - a hipped or other structure - will be made to the highest standard. Experts will explain all unclear questions and make recommendations necessary materials and tools.

The tools you will need to build the frame are:

1. Grinder, electric and hand saws.

2. Nails, hammer and dowels.

3. Axes and plane.

4. Electric drill.

5. Boards and beams of the same wood.

6. Roofing material.

7. Steel staples.

Attic area or attic floor significantly less than when using gable roof. This problem can be partially solved by using attic type special hip roof. Let's look at the sequence of steps that need to be followed to build a hip roof. Carrying out calculations Carrying out calculations when building a hip roof To perform the difficult task of making a hip roof with your own hands, you must have certain knowledge and skills. First you need to perform calculations, which can be done by hand.

The technology for manufacturing the roofing pie and other roof elements should also be described. Based on the detailed design, it will be easy to calculate the required amount of materials. The development of such a project is quite challenging task and if you have any difficulties in developing it yourself, then it is better to involve specialists who will produce necessary calculations tailored to your requirements. Features of the rafter system When making a hipped roof, sloping rafters are used, directed to the corners of the house (sometimes called diagonal)

It is more difficult to erect than a gable or pitched roof, but, contrary to this, it is preferred most often. The reason for this is the best drainage of water, ensured by the installation of inclined slopes, as a result - a long service life of roofing materials, hydro- and thermal insulation used for roof installation. In addition, the hip roof looks more presentable and original in comparison with other types of structures. The hip roof is characterized as one of the most reliable and practical. Main details of the original structure The design of the hip roof must be strictly symmetrical. It can be mounted on any building, but it is much easier if it is shaped like a square or rectangle. The basis of the roof in question is considered to be a rafter system, complex and intricate. To build it correctly, you must first make a careful calculation. Any mistake in its course can lead to irreversible consequences. If you plan to build hip roof on a square base, then the structure will have four absolutely identical slopes.

To calculate the roof area in this case, it is recommended to determine the area of ​​the slopes and multiply the resulting figure by 4. The result obtained during the calculations must be increased by the area of ​​the eaves overhangs. Important! To determine the area of ​​the eaves overhang, you must use the following form: Skarn.=(BC+EF)/2*DG. The roof area is determined as follows: Sroofs = (Sslope + Skarn)*4. Before you start building a hip roof, you need to consider important details Calculation of a hip-type roof A do-it-yourself hip roof will be built flawlessly if the calculation of the rafter system is done correctly. If the design is based on a square, then first of all it is necessary to determine the angle of inclination of the slopes, the width and length of the base, then, using the data obtained, determine the area of ​​​​all four slopes. If the roof is based on a rectangle, then the calculation should begin by determining the height of the trapezoid and triangle, of which the structure consists. This indicator equal to length hip rafters. Once the height is determined, you can begin to calculate the areas of these figures. Their total indicator will allow you to obtain the area of ​​the roof slopes. It is also important to accurately calculate the area of ​​the eaves overhang. To do this, you need to increase the height of the figure by ½ the sum of the length of the base. It is important to know! Calculations of the latter indicator can be carried out using the length of the roof and the height of the ridge or taking into account the length of the rafters and the length of the roof.

Once the roof area and slopes have been calculated, the main elements of the rafter system can be calculated. The calculation of a hip roof must be as accurate as possible. It is advisable to entrust this period of work to specialists. They will draw up the most competent and accurate drawing, from which it will be easy to determine the amount of materials required to install a hip roof with your own hands, the length of the rafters and the sequence of work. Types of rafter systems The rafter system of a hip roof is a supporting structure consisting of bars, racks, supports and others structural elements. It is considered not only the basis for fastening roofing material and other roof elements, but also a strengthening element of the entire building. There are hanging and layered systems. For heavy spans, when it is not possible to support the rafters with internal supports, a hanging system is used. It involves the installation of structural elements of the roof on external walls and involves the installation of metal or wooden tie rods.

Hanging rafters rest on the outer walls from below, and are connected to each other from above. There are two types of rafter systems for hipped roofs. The layered system involves installing rafters on both external and internal walls. load-bearing wall or additional supports. The maximum permissible span between supports is 4.5 meters. If it reaches six meters, then it is necessary to install struts under the rafters. The advantages of this type of rafter system include efficiency, lightness and practicality. Component elements of the rafter system design The hip roof rafter system includes the following elements: slanted rafters - structural elements that are installed directly on the roof frame at the corners; splices - structural elements fixed to the rafters; mauerlats - massive beams that serve as support for the lower ends of the rafters; purlins, beams and crossbars and a number of other additional supports necessary for the reliability and rigidity of the structure of the roof in question; struts acting as leg holders.

A hip roof includes several important elements. Important to know! All of these elements of the rafter system create a reliable and stable structure that can withstand heavy loads. The absence of one of them can cause sudden destruction of the roof. Installation technology roofing structure Installing a hip roof is not an easy task. It begins with collecting the main components and rafters on the ground, focusing on a pre-prepared template. Important! The beams, logs and boards needed to organize the roof rafter system are selected depending on the pitch of the rafters, expected loads and roof slope angle. Planks and mauerlats are mounted on the walls of the building, scaffolding is attached to them, and rafters are erected from two opposite corners. They are connected in high points. Then the remaining rafters are raised, the notch is adjusted and fastened at the ridge with special tightenings. Installation of a hip roof is carried out in a clear sequence. Important to know! Hip roofs, unlike other roofs, do not require adjustments. To strengthen it, an additional rack is used, which is mounted as a support in the center of the building. When the rafters are erected and secured, the installation of the frames with struts is carried out. Springels are mined under them, strengthening the rafter legs several times. An important requirement for installing a tent roof: the rafters are mounted at an angle of ninety degrees. Overhangs will help protect the walls of the building from water; they are installed at a distance of fifty centimeters from the outer walls.

Non-protruding rafters are extended by fillets. On top of them, a lathing, steam and waterproofing layers are placed, on top of which it is mounted roof covering. Small country house with a hip roof Undoubtedly, you can install a hip roof yourself, but in view of the complex design features and rigid framework of its construction, it is better to entrust the work to professionals. They will make a competent drawing, calculate the most important parameters of the roof with extreme accuracy and install all elements of the rafter system correctly and quickly. If you nevertheless decide to build a roof of such a plan yourself, then due attention should be paid to calculating the most important indicators and drawing up a project plan. Any errors can lead to the fact that the roof structure will not be able to withstand even small loads and will collapse from the slightest serious impact. Hip roof on a country estate When selecting a team of craftsmen who will erect the roof, you should pay attention to their experience in construction. It is advisable to trust the installation of a hip roof only to professionals in order to avoid unnecessary nerves and material costs associated with resolving controversial issues that arise.

Of course, for self-construction It’s better to choose a simpler option, and in order for the result of the work to be as beautiful and high-quality as possible, you must definitely follow detailed instructions, which are proposed by professionals in this field.

Initially, you need to calculate the area for the future hipped roof (consider a hipped or pyramidal one). This is necessary in order to determine as accurately as possible the amount of materials required.

A school geometry course will be very useful in this matter. After all, you will need knowledge of how to find the area of ​​a pyramid and calculate the area of ​​one slope. If for some reason you have forgotten this important information, here is a reminder:

Important! The area of ​​the lateral surface of a pyramid is the sum of the areas of the lateral faces. The area of ​​the pyramid is the area of ​​one slope multiplied by 4.

You can easily find it on the Internet online calculators, in which, by setting your parameters, you will quickly find out the calculation of the necessary materials. Usually measured:

· length of the roof base;

· width of the base;

· angle of inclination in degrees;

· material for roofing.

Important! Be sure to check all calculations several times. After all, it’s one thing when too many materials are purchased - it’s offensive, but not fatal, and it’s much worse when there are not enough of them because a situation may happen when you come to your senses, there will no longer be identical ones in the warehouse.

And remember these important points:

· almost all roofing materials are laid with overlap, so it is necessary to purchase them with some reserve;

· the area of ​​the slope must begin to be calculated from the overhangs;

· from 7 to 10 percent of the material goes to waste, this also must not be forgotten.

To avoid mistakes as much as possible, without contacting construction company, you can get a special program for carrying out such calculations.

In addition, be sure to create a clear action plan:

· everything must be taken into account additional elements such as skylights, chimneys, air ducts, etc.;

· it is very important to measure the length of the slope as accurately as possible, and this must be done from the ridge to the eaves;

· in the calculations it is necessary to add the length of some elements, for example, overhangs, firewall walls, parapets, etc.;

· take into account the features of the material that is planned to be used for the roof. After all, each of them has its own characteristics;

· important point– the length of the slopes is reduced by about 70 centimeters if tiles or rolled material are used.

Be sure to consider all of the following:

· weight of the roofing;

· weight of steam and waterproofing;

· mass of insulation;

· snow, wind, rain load;

· the weight of people who will service the roof;

· the weight of the equipment that you are going to install on the roof (windows, antennas, lights, aerators, ladders, etc.).

· Taking into account the angle of inclination of the slopes, calculate the length and width of the rafter section.

Calculation of area for different materials:

By by and large, a hip roof (see photo) is the same hip roof in which the length of the ridge is zero, i.e. there is no ridge, and all the corner rafters converge at one point. Most often it is erected on houses whose box is a square.

Let's look at one example of such a roof. Our rafters will rest on the floor beams. Let's say we have a house box measuring 10x10 meters with a load-bearing partition in the middle.

STEP 1: Install the mauerlats, floor and extension beams (see Fig. 1). We install the floor and extension beams starting from the middle, i.e. first the central ones, and then from them to the left and right the rest with a calculated step.

Picture 1

We see that the outermost floor beams and outermost extensions are at the same distance from the corner of the house. As we already said in the article “Construction of a hip roof with rafters supported on floor beams,” it is advisable to take this distance at least 0.8-1 meters.

STEP 2: In the middle of the future roof we install a central post made of 150x150 mm timber. Its height is determined from a preliminary sketch of the roof made on paper. We fix the stand strictly vertically using two temporary jibs (see Fig. 2). After we install the central rafters in the next step, the jibs can be removed. They are not shown in the following figures.

Figure 2

STEP 3: We make and install four central rafters of the slopes.

How the rafters are marked is shown in Fig. 3

Figure 3

In this way we make all four central rafters of the slopes and install them (see Fig. 4):

At the top they can be sewn together either with nails or using metal corners, as it shown on the picture.

STEP 4: Sew wind boards and install the corner offsets (see Fig. 5). How to make corner extensions is also described in detail in the article on the hip roof (link above):

STEP 5: We make and install corner rafters.

To do this, first of all we tighten the lace (see Fig. 6):

Now I want to show the method that we always use when installing corner rafters longer than 6 meters (when they have to be extended). First of all, we take two 6-meter boards. For one we do only the bottom cut, for the other only the top cut. Then we place these two boards, sewing them together with nails right in place. We also immediately place a stand under them (see Fig. 7):

Now, using a tape measure, we measure the lengths of the two pieces that we are missing - one with the top cut, the other with the bottom. We make them and sew them onto existing boards.

In this way we make all four corner rafters (see Fig. 8):

STEP 6: Add extensions to the corners that are missing, and if necessary, place racks under the rafters (see Fig. 9):

Figure 9

The need to install racks is determined by calculation, depending on the size of the roof and snow loads. It is advisable to rest the racks on load-bearing partitions, or install struts. The possibility of installing racks on floor beams is also checked by calculation. We talked about this in the article “Rafter system. Calculation of rafters and floor beams." At the same time, always try, if possible, to move the racks closer to the load-bearing walls to reduce the load on the beams.

STEP 7: We make and install all the spouts (see Fig. 10).

We place small supports under the sprigs, which rest on the stem, above the mauerlat.
After that, all we have to do is hem the cornices from below and make the sheathing.

During the construction of a gazebo or house, the question inevitably arises about choosing a roofing structure. If the structure being built has a quadrangular or, even better, square shape, architects and designers often give their preference to a hipped hipped roof. Such a complex structure fully pays off due to its original appearance, aerodynamic qualities and remarkable thermal insulation properties.

This type of roofing is considered the most difficult to independent device, but, nevertheless, many choose it because of its originality and attractive appearance. Next, we will consider the technique of making a hip roof yourself.

The hip roof is special hipped design with a square base, while the roof slopes look like isosceles triangles that converge to this base. Such a roof may have many slopes, or it may even be round. The main thing when arranging it is to maintain symmetry. By appearance such a roof looks like a tent, which is where its name comes from.

It should be noted that the absence of gables in a hipped structure makes it possible to save on materials during its construction.

A roof with a hipped structure, if desired, can be erected on almost any building, but it will be much more convenient if the house has a square base. The basis of the hip roof structure consists of a rather complex rafter system, which can be constructed independently if you have certain skills in roof construction.

Types of hip roof rafter systems

The hip roof rafter system is supporting structure from supports, racks, bars and other structural elements. It serves both as a basis for fastening the roofing material and other roof elements, and as a strengthening part of the entire building.

There are two types of rafter systems for hip roofs:

1. layered systems;

2. hanging systems.

If the span is significant and there is no possibility of supporting the rafters with internal supports, then a hanging system is used, which involves the installation of roof structural elements on the external walls and involves the installation of wooden or metal ties. Hanging rafters rest on the outer walls from below and are connected to each other from above.

Under the layered system, it is assumed that rafters will be installed both on the external walls and on the load-bearing internal wall or additional supports. The maximum permissible span between supports is 4.5 meters. If the span reaches six meters, then struts must be installed under the rafters. The advantages of this type of rafter system are practicality, lightness and cost-effectiveness.
The main elements of the construction of a hip roof

A hip-type roof must have a strictly symmetrical structure, which can be mounted on any structure, but it will be much easier if it has a rectangular or square shape. The basis for the type of roof under consideration is the rafter system, which is intricate and complex.

For its correct construction, careful preliminary calculations should be made. The slightest mistake can lead to negative consequences. If you plan to build a hip roof on a square-shaped base, then the structure will have four completely identical slopes. To calculate the roof area, in this case, you should determine the area of ​​the slopes, and multiply the resulting figure by 4. The value obtained as a result of the calculations should be increased by the area of ​​the eaves overhangs.

It should be noted that to determine the overhang area of ​​the cornices, it is necessary to apply the formula S cornice = (BC+EF)/2*DG. To determine the roof area, use the formula S roof = (S slope + S eaves)*4.
Calculation of hip roof parameters

A self-built hip roof will be flawless if you make the correct calculation of the rafter system. If the structure is basically square in shape, first of all you should determine the length and width of the base, the angle of inclination of the slopes, and then, using the obtained indicators, determine the area for all four slopes.

If the roof has a base rectangular shape, then the calculation should begin by determining the height of the triangle and trapezoid that make up the structure. This indicator is equal to the length of the hip rafters. Having determined the height, we begin to determine the areas of these figures. Thanks to their total indicator, you can obtain the area of ​​​​the roof slopes.

It is very important to calculate as accurately as possible the area of ​​the eaves overhang, for which the height of the figure is increased by ½ the amount of the length of the base. It is important to note that this indicator can be calculated using the height of the ridge and the length of the roof, or taking into account the length of the roof and the length of the rafters.

After calculating the area of ​​the slopes and roof, you can calculate the main elements of the rafter systems. It is recommended to entrust the calculation stage to professional specialists who will draw up the most accurate and competent drawing, thanks to which you can easily determine the length of the rafters, the amount of materials required to erect a hip roof with your own hands and the further sequence of work.
Hip roof design

A hip roof is usually considered in construction as a type of hip roof, in which the ridge connection is transformed into a ridge unit, and more specifically, from a line it has changed into a point. The hipped roof is a pyramid, the sides of which are formed by four slopes in the shape of isosceles triangles. In this case, the square shape of the roof base will make it possible to obtain perfect symmetry, which will give the best result.

The hip roof structure includes the following main structural elements:
The ridge node, that is, the peak of the roof, its highest point, which is formed as a result of connecting the rafter slanting legs.

Stingrays – four inclined planes triangular-shaped slopes that make up a hip roof. They have an angle of inclination, the range of which lies within 20-50 degrees. Experienced roofing professionals prefer an optimal angle of 40 degrees.
The rafter system, that is, the frame that serves to support the roof structure. The rafter system carries the weight of the roofing pie and distributes it, defining the geometry of the slopes. It is built on the basis of triangles - the most stable and rigid figures that guarantee the reliability and stability of the hip roof.
Roof covering is a material in the form of sheets, rolls, individual elements or modules, which has a high degree of wear resistance and good waterproofing qualities. For these purposes, slate, roofing felt, ondulin, corrugated sheets or metal tiles are used.
A roof overhang that extends beyond the perimeter of the roof base and protects the walls from wind and water during rain. A roof overhang of 40-50 centimeters in length is considered sufficient to effectively perform its functions.
Stages of construction of a hip roof

Creating a Project

It is allowed to build a hip roof with your own hands strictly on the basis of a competent design that will guarantee its reliability. Before making drawings, you need to know at least the minimum school course in geometry in order to calculate the angle of inclination of the slopes, the area of ​​the slopes and the height of the ridge. In order to make these calculations, there is simple instructions, which is as follows:

First you need to find out the angle of inclination of the slopes using recommendations from the manufacturer of the roofing material, as well as indicators of construction climatology dividing the territory Russian Federation into 8 zones according to wind and snow load. The optimally accepted slope is 30-40 degrees. This angle is suitable for almost any type of roof.

The next step is to calculate the height at which the ridge unit is located. To make this calculation, you need to know the size of the roof base, as well as the angle of inclination of the roof slopes. If you depict a hip-type roof in the form of a pyramid, then its height will be a straight line connecting the ridge and its base. Its length can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.

Having found out the height, angle of inclination and dimensions of the base, you can calculate the area of ​​the slopes and the length of the rafter legs. These calculations are necessary in order to calculate the amount of consumption building material, and more specifically for covering the roof and wood for the rafter system.

We must not forget that a hip roof with a rectangular base, in contrast to a similar structure with a square base, will have slopes with different slopes and different lengths of rafter legs. It is important to take this into account when calculating and installing a hip roof.

The project is created using a computer program or manually. The program not only performs all the necessary calculations for the length of the rafter system parts, but also selects the thickness for them. The result is a diagram with the presence of dimensions and the relative position of the roofing parts, which will serve as a support for the installation work being carried out.
Hip roof truss system design

The hip roof rafter system is made from various types of wood. coniferous species. It consists of the following main and additional elements:
Lezhen and mauerlat are supports made of timber, which are necessary to distribute the load along the entire perimeter of load-bearing walls. The Mauerlat is placed on the external partitions, and the bench is placed on the internal ones. The role of the support beam in wooden house plays the upper crown, made of logs or timber. For structures made of blocks and bricks, a concrete slab is required. reinforced belt, in which metal studs are embedded. The Mauerlat is laid on them through a layer of waterproofing.
Racks, which are vertically mounted supports that support rafter legs or a ridge assembly.
Rafter slanted legs that extend to the corners of the structure from the ridge unit, forming the ribs of the hip-type roof slopes. The length of the mowing legs is longer than usual and they are subject to increased load. For this reason, they must be correspondingly twice as thick.

Narozhniks are rafters of different lengths, which are attached to the mauerlat and slanted legs. They form the surface of the slopes.
Struts are an element of the rafter system located at an angle of 45 degrees to the rafters.
Crossbar, tie - a jumper horizontally located between two rafters. Its function is to dampen the bursting effect that the rafters have on the walls.
Roof sheathing is the base on which the roof covering is laid. Depending on the type of roofing, a solid or lattice type of sheathing is used.

When constructing a hip roof, a layered or hanging rafter system is used, depending on the capabilities of the structure's layout. Although experienced roofers do not recommend using a layered type of rafter system if the slopes have a slope of more than 40 degrees.
The process of installation work of the rafter system

Having approved the project and purchased the necessary materials, you can begin self-installation hip roof. In this case, the following sequence of actions is performed:

1. First of all, the mauerlat, floor beams and floor beams are installed. If the project provides for outrigger beams, then they are also installed at this stage. Laying begins from the central beam, and steps are taken from it in both directions, moving towards the edges.

2. The central post is installed exactly in the middle of the hip roof being erected. It uses timber with a thickness of 15×15 centimeters or more. In order for it to maintain its vertical position, it is temporarily secured with two jibs.

3. Next, the central rafters are installed, which in the upper part are fixed to the rack using metal plates, and in the lower part - to the Mauerlat. Having pulled a cord for reference from the corners of the mauerlat to the ridge node, the rafter slanting legs are mounted. To install them, a double cut is made on the top. The overhangs of the rafters are connected by means of a wind board. If necessary, crossbars and struts are installed.

4. Then all the splices are sawed and nailed down. Those outriggers that rest on the outrigger beams are additionally reinforced with racks to unload them. The cornices are hemmed with moisture-resistant plywood or boards.

5. A waterproofing film is laid on the rafters in strips, which overlaps at the joints by 15-20 centimeters. The film is attached using construction stapler, and is fixed along the rafter legs by means of counter-lattice slats. The sheathing is installed. If the device is planned continuous sheathing, then you will need sheets of plywood, and if lattice, then unedged board, measuring 15x4 centimeters.

6. Afterwards the roofing covering is laid. For this purpose, cutting is first done, taking into account the fact that the strips and sheets are not attached at the joint, but with some overlap. It is necessary to use special galvanized self-tapping screws as fasteners, which are supplied complete with the roofing material, or nails with a rubber cap, which deforms after screwing in, thereby closing the hole.

7. The final stage is the installation of a drainage system, which consists of a drainage pipe, a gutter, a water intake funnel, and snow retainers.

Some parts of the hip roof truss system have a value that exceeds 6 meters, that is standard length lumber. Therefore, it is necessary to produce stacked rafters, which consist of several elements, or glued ones.
Conclusion

Of course, it is quite possible to build a hip roof with your own hands, but given the complex design features and the strict limitations of its device, can be trusted this work relevant professionals. They will make a competent drawing, extremely accurately calculating all the most important parameters of the roof and produce installation work all parts of the rafter system correctly and in the shortest possible time.

If you nevertheless decide to build a hip-type roof yourself, then you need to pay due attention to calculating the most important indicators and drawing up a planned project. Due to any minor errors, it may be that the roofing structure will not be able to withstand even light loads, and as a result will collapse from a small serious impact. When selecting a team of roofing craftsmen, attention should be paid to their experience in the construction industry. It is recommended to entrust the installation of a hip roof only to experienced professionals in order to avoid unnecessary material costs associated with solving controversial problems that have arisen and to save your nerves.

The process of independently building a hip roof is hard and time-consuming work, however, the resulting result will be worth all the effort and effort spent, highlighting the gazebo or house among other neighboring structures.

The hip roof structure consists of triangular slopes. As a rule, the number of stingrays is four, but the owner can change their number if desired. The main thing that finished design was reliable and symmetrical.

Externally, such a roofing structure looks like a tent, which is why it got its name. The roof does not have gables, which makes it possible to further save on construction and finishing roofing materials. If properly arranged, such a roof will have an attractive and original appearance.

The installation of a hip roof requires the contractor to have special knowledge and skills. You can handle the construction of a hip roof structure with your own hands. The main thing is to correctly perform the necessary calculations and strictly follow the instructions when performing each activity.

Before you go to the store to buy the required materials, familiarize yourself with the procedure for performing calculations and draw up a roofing project that is suitable specifically for your case.

Basic information

Traditionally, the roof in question includes 4 inclined slopes.

If the base of the structure has the shape of a regular square, the area of ​​the structure is calculated by multiplying the area of ​​one roof slope by 4.

However, if the base of the system has the shape of a rectangle, then first you need to determine the total value of the areas of two different rectangles, and then double the resulting number.

To determine the area of ​​the roof slope, which is an isosceles triangle, it is necessary to multiply the length of the base of the figure by the value of its height, and then double the resulting number.

When performing calculations, you need to find out the area of ​​the eaves overhangs, which have the shape of isosceles trapezoids. This calculation is performed by multiplying the height of the figure by exactly 50% of the sum of the lengths of the bases of the trapezoidal figure.

Calculation of a hip roofing system can be done in two ways. The first involves calculation using the height of the ridge and the length of the base of the roof structure. In accordance with the second calculation method, it is necessary to take into account the length of the diagonal rafter element, as well as the length of the perimeter of the base.

In addition, during the calculation process it is necessary to pay attention to the parameters of various additional components included in the roofing structure. These elements include:

• diagonal rafter legs;
• lying down;
• support bars;
• racks;
• Mauerlat, etc.

Calculation example

To make the calculation principle more clear, we offer you a simple example of performing basic calculation activities. Initial data:

• house dimensions – 6x6 m;
• diagonal rafter length – 521 cm;
• ridge height – 297 cm;
• slope of roof slopes – 35 degrees;
• the width of the eaves overhang is 600 mm.

Using the first of the two methods mentioned earlier, determine the height of the roof triangle. To do this, use the Pythagorean theorem, according to which, to calculate the square of the height, you need to subtract half the width of the base, also squared, from the square of the length of the roof slope.

In the example under consideration, the calculation will show that the square of the height is 4.24 m squared. Using a simple formula, you can determine that the area of ​​one triangular slope will be 12.72 m2.

Due to the fact that the base of the roof is a square with a side of 6 m, the calculated area value must be increased by 4 times. As a result, you will determine the total area of ​​the roof slopes equal to in this example 50.88 m2.

Determine the area of ​​the cornice light. You already know the length of the shorter base of a trapezoidal figure - 6 m. To establish the length of the larger base, you need to use simplest form, relevant for such figures.

According to calculations, the length of the larger base will be 704 cm, and the resulting area of ​​the figure will be 4.76 m2.

To set the total area of ​​the overhangs, multiply the value calculated in the previous step by 4.

As a result, the total amount of the hip roof structure will be 69.91 m2.

What do you need to know about the rafter system?

A hipped roof structure can be erected using a layered or hanging system. Final version selected in accordance with the conditions of a particular situation.

For example, it is quite difficult to handle the installation of hanging rafters yourself, and repairing such a structure will take an irrationally long time. Such rafters are usually installed in situations where there is no interior walls, and the rafters can rest solely on the load-bearing walls of the structure.

Layered rafters are simpler and more financially profitable to install. The system is placed on the middle load-bearing wall, as well as intermediate support pillars, fixed on a reinforced concrete base.

Layered rafters are most often used when installing hipped roof structures with a slope of more than 40 degrees.

It is important to choose correct option supports for the system roof rafters. If the house is frame, the roof must be supported on the top frame. In the case of brick and stone buildings, the support function is performed by the mauerlat, and when arranging the roof of a log house, the roofing system is fixed to the upper crowns.

Determine the optimal cross-section of the rafter legs. To do this, you need to know a number of parameters, namely:

• installation step of rafter system elements;
• slope of roof slopes;
• expected snow, wind and other loads;
• span size, etc.

It is important to know the basic parameters of the elements of a hip-type roofing structure.

So, if the rafter legs have a length not exceeding 300 cm, the rafters should be placed in increments of 110-135 cm. The optimal diameter of the log for this situation is 100 mm, and the size of the board is 100x80 mm.

If the rafter legs have a length ranging from 300 to 400 cm, they need to be fastened at a distance of 140-170 cm. To arrange such a rafter system, it is recommended to use logs with a diameter of 150 mm or boards measuring 100x90 mm.

If the rafters have a length of 400-500 cm, they need to be fastened in increments of 110-135 cm, using logs with a diameter of 200 mm, as well as boards measuring 200x80 mm to construct the structure.

When arranging a rafter system from elements no longer than 650 cm, the rafters must be placed in increments of 110-140 cm, using logs with a diameter of 240 mm or boards with dimensions of 220x120 mm to arrange the structure.

To arrange the purlins, use 100x50 mm timber or logs with a diameter of 160 mm.

The Mauerlat is traditionally built from timber 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 120 mm.

Racks, crossbars and struts are made of timber with a section of 100x50 mm or logs with a diameter of 120 mm.

It is important that the rafter legs are strictly the same length, and that the rafters are joined apart.

The most common slope of the slopes of hip roofing structures is maintained in the range of 40-60 degrees, however, depending on the parameters of the finishing roofing material, the slope may vary slightly. The dependency is as follows:

• when using tiles, the slope is maintained within 30-60 degrees;
• when using sheet roofing materials and materials based on asbestos cement, the slope will be in the range from 14 to 60 degrees;
• when using rolled materials, the slope will be 8-18 degrees.

Roof installation procedure

The process of arranging a hip roof includes several stages.

First stage

Draw up a design project and make the necessary calculations in accordance with the previously given recommendations.

Second phase

Buy the required amount of materials, taking into account the dimensions and characteristics approved by the project.

Third stage

Lay the mauerlat along the entire length of the building. The rafter legs will be installed on it.

If the house is built of brick, it is best to lay the Mauerlat along the inside of the walls. In this case, it is necessary to lay moisture-proofing material between the Mauerlat and the wall. Roofing felt is often used for waterproofing. To prevent the rafter legs from sagging, you need to install a grille with the appropriate parameters.

If the house is built of wood, in most cases the Mauerlat will be able to cope with the functions top part log house

Fourth stage

Install a rafter support beam (purlin) at the top of the rafter structure. The support beam must be placed parallel to the mauerlat. The recommended distance between the two mentioned elements is up to 450 cm.

Fifth stage

Install diagonal braces, braces and struts.

For the manufacture of diagonal connections, boards of 250-450 mm are usually used. They must be nailed to the base of the rafter leg.

You need to arrange the planned number of ramps (usually 4). At this stage, work according to the drawings you have.

Sixth stage

Insulate the roof. First attached waterproofing material, under it there is insulation, and under the insulation there is a membrane vapor barrier film.

At the end, all you have to do is lay the desired finishing roofing material and install various additional elements such as gutters, etc.

Now you are aware of the main features of a hip roofing structure, you know in what order the system is calculated, what its main elements should be and in what sequence the roof itself is installed. Follow the instructions, while at the same time focusing on the provisions of the existing project, and everything will definitely work out.

Good luck!

Video - DIY hip roof

Sometimes gable roof looks boring and destroys harmony architectural style, so designers have to invent something more original. One of these options with a “twist” is a hip roof. The elegant symmetrical design on one side seems simple, but at the same time amazes with its exoticism, referring to the aesthetics of the East or northern yurts.

Roofing experts advise against self-construction hip roof if you are not sure high level construction skills and experience.

The easiest option is to entrust the design work and installation to professionals. However, nothing will stop you from understanding how a hip roof and its rafter system are constructed in order to assess the possibility of building it yourself.

Design Features

Hip roof, the design of which can consist of four or more slopes, in classic version is considered as a type of hipped. The number of slopes depends on the geometric shape of the roof base.

If they cover a structure in the form of a square, then there will be four of them, and if it is round, then there can be five or six of them or even more, the main condition is that they are the same in shape and size.

The hip roof structure consists of the following parts:

The hip roof is designed based on the principle of symmetry. Therefore, maximum harmony can be achieved when a round or square structure is used as a base. For a rectangular house, you can also build a hip roof, but this is much more difficult than if you build a hip roof.

Advantages

The hip roof is quite complex to design and labor-intensive to install, but looking at the surrounding houses, you can see that it is very popular. Designers explain the use of a hip roof structure in projects by its advantages:

1. Excellent aerodynamic properties, allowing the hip roof to withstand squally and even hurricane gusts of wind, without fear of tearing off the roofing material and collapsing the attic.
2. The design of the hip roof with its steep slopes allows you to forget about such an unpleasant, routine event as clearing the roof of snow.
3. The hip roof leaves the possibility of arranging a spacious, residential attic room. However, due to the absence of gables, you will have to install expensive skylights, which are mounted directly on the slope.
4. The original design makes houses with hipped roofs stand out hipped roof from a series of similar projects with a gable triangular roof.

Construction of the rafter system

The rafter system of a hip roof is the frame on which it rests, its foundation. Depending on the type, hanging and layered varieties are distinguished.

Hanging rafters are supported by two points - the Mauerlat and the ridge unit, while the layered rafters have additional support on a vertical post, which is installed on the internal load-bearing wall. The choice of type of hip roof rafter system depends on the layout and area of ​​the house.

It consists of the following elements:

The rafter system can be made of metal or wood. Wood is a cheaper material that is easier to process, but it requires pre-treatment with an antiseptic and fire retardant to protect it from rotting and fire.

Design nuances

The construction of a hip roof begins with calculations and the creation of a working design. Not only architects can help with this, but also special computer programs. They calculate the angle of inclination of the slopes, the height of the ridge unit, and the cross-section of the frame elements.

A hip-type roof promotes rational heat distribution in the house, protects from rain, prevents the formation of a snow cap, and is also suitable for an openwork gazebo, a monumental respectable cottage!

Video instruction