Before equipping the interior unit, you need to find out what it consists of interior door. This will help you do optimal choice a design that will last for many years, will be easy to use and will decorate your interior.

Basic elements of interior design

The interior door consists of two main parts: door leaf and moldings. In addition to the basic elements, the interior door is complemented by additional devices and fittings that provide functionality and perform decorative functions. Each of these components has its own subtleties in the device and has varieties.

Door leaf

This is the most significant and significant part of the interior and entrance doors, which performs important function: opening and blocking an opening. There is a great variety of products on the market that differ in design, weight, size, lining and material of manufacture. There are several types of door leaves:

Type of interior door leaf	Peculiarities
Paneled	The design has a wooden frame, which is divided into fragments by vertically and horizontally located imposts. The components are independent and equipped with panels - separate frames with filling (fibreboard, glass, chipboard, etc.). Most quality models are made using self-locking tenon fasteners without the use of glue. They are not prone to drying out and last longer.
	The design contains a frame frame made of wood beams and a finishing material (MDF, laminated fibreboard or paintable fibreboard). The voids inside the door are filled either with wood blocks or honeycomb filler (strips of cardboard, chipboard, fiberboard). These doors are affordable and have high performance characteristics, therefore occupying about 90% of the market. Individuals view panel doors- masonite, having a honeycomb filler and a paneled product relief.
All glass	This type of product may be devoid of a frame and frame and consist only of a canvas made of tempered glass. The all-glass panel visually increases the space of the room, does not block light, and is suitable for modern interiors. Most often used in offices, shops and shopping centers.
	Has an aluminum or plastic profile and filling elements made of single glass, double-glazed windows, sandwich panels, laminated chipboard and others finishing materials. These doors are characterized by increased strength even with increased operating load and no restrictions on shape. Disadvantage - low heat and sound insulation.

Moldings

This element is necessary for installing the door and giving the product a finished look. The design of the molding contains several parts: the box, platbands and extensions.

There are two main types of moldings - standard view and telescopic. The peculiarity of the latter is that it has grooves in its design for expansion door frame to the required thickness by pulling out the extensions and platbands.

Box

This element is made in the form of a fixed profile of an interior block and consists of one horizontal crossbar and two vertical posts. Hinges are attached to the frame, onto which the door leaf is hung. The shape of door frames can be traditional or complex curly look. In telescopic moldings, the box is made of MDF or solid wood and has longitudinal slots for platbands.

Platbands

These elements of the door structure are used to mask the area where the door leaf and frame join. Most often, platbands are made from solid wood or MDF with veneer coating. There are two types of platbands based on the type of fastening:

• overhead - fixed with glue or attached with screws;
• telescopic - equipped with wings for insertion into the box, which allows you to quickly and aesthetically close even significant gaps.

Dobor

This element is a strip and serves to expand the door frame when the wall width exceeds the corresponding frame indicators. During the production of doors, dimensional standards are observed. Standard sizes The canvases correspond to the standard dimensions of the box. In the case when the thickness of the wall is greater than the width of the frame, an extension is used, which is made from the material of the door leaf. The installation of the extension is carried out close to the box or in a groove specially designed for this purpose. The addition gives high aesthetic qualities interior block, connects all elements into a single monolithic structure.

Additional elements and accessories

These elements are not included with the door, but are necessary for its full operation.

Sealant

This product is designed to increase sound insulation, block the penetration of dust into the room and soften the impact when the door slams. The main requirement for a sealant is its softness and elasticity. Otherwise, it is very difficult to ensure a uniform and tight fit of the door, which will cause difficulties during its operation.

Threshold

This additional element a structure in the form of a wooden block attached to the bottom of the doorway provides increased sound and heat insulation and increases the fire safety of the door block. In addition, the threshold can be a good camouflage device for the joint flooring or a smooth transition between floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Accessories

These are small in size, but very important elements of any door, which ensure comfortable operation and increase the blocking properties of the product. Fittings include hinges, locks, Various types door handles, closers, latches, chains and other products. When choosing these products, much attention is paid to the quality of the product and its compatibility with the canvas and the interior as a whole.

The most important type of hardware is door handles. They provide opening and closing of the door, increasing the isolation and security of the room. The structure of a door handle directly depends on its type. The simplest are stationary models. Push and turn products contain small parts in their design that make up the operating mechanism of the fittings. Great importance has the material used to make door handles. The strongest and most reliable are hardware, but they increase the weight of the door and put additional load on the hinges. For thin partitions, you can choose handles made of wood or plastic.

Door leaf- this is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas can be frame or panel construction. When frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and give great opportunities for decoration, internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.

Door frame- an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.

Door panel straps (with frame solution)
- these are bars, mainly from coniferous species wood located around the perimeter of the door.

Sredniki
- bars dividing inner space canvases into sections for subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serving as a connection between the strappings.

Panels
- shields filling the space between the trims and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts.

Mold
- shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass.

Layouts
- these are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” appearance simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, reinforcing panels or glass.

Frame (or bead)
- intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.

Jaws or door strips
- These are embossed profile slats designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs
- blocks with a shaped profile, intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.

Decorative overlays (false croakers)
- invoices decorative profiles, glued to glass or double glazing with internal or outside and forming a false binding (false binding).

Skirting
- a sewn-on narrow panel with which to close assembly seams and cavities that arise between the floor and the wall when installing floors.

Platbands
- wooden (plastic) profile strips used for framing doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different.

Nightstands
- the transition from the platbands to the baseboards and floor is decorated with bedside tables.

Narthex
- the place of abutment (connection) of the door leaf with the door frame pillars. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or with inside frames that cover the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The porch is most often absent if in door block Loops installed at the top and bottom of the canvas are used.

Threshold
- a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the joint between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Low tide
- a part designed to remove water and protect the lower parts of windows and balcony doors from moisture penetration. Typically the tide is set to outside the lower horizontal profile of the window and is its integral part.

Profile
- a measured section of a product produced by extrusion, with a given shape and cross-sectional dimensions. This technology usually used for the manufacture of profiles from aluminum alloys. These profiles are used in the production of modern window and door frames.

Profile system
- a set (set) of main and additional profiles forming a complete structural system door (window) units, reflected in the technical documentation for its manufacture, installation and operation.

Seals
- elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section, running along the entire perimeter of the window between the frame and the sashes and protecting against cold air, noise and moisture. Seals are also widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.

Reinforcing liner
- a profile steel element installed in the main chamber of the main profile to absorb operational loads. Panel - an area highlighted with thin profiled frames, a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, covering the gap in the frame of the door leaf.

Massive doors
Doors of this type are made of various, valuable species tree. The price for such products, as a rule, is significantly higher than for doors with cellular content, and they weigh more. To emphasize the structure of the wood, the manufacturer paints them various impregnations on wood or simply with transparent varnishes. In addition to the decorative function, such processing also plays another role. The door is less susceptible to damage by fungi, mold, insects, and is more resistant to fading in light. Such doors are also called simply - array. They can be smooth or paneled, blind or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Semi-massive doors
Wooden blocks between two MDF sheets in such a door leaf are not located “joint to joint”, but at some distance from each other. Otherwise, everything said about massive doors is also true for semi-massive ones.

Doors with honeycomb filling
You've probably seen honeycombs made of wax. Exactly the same honeycombs, only made of pressed cardboard, less often made of hardboard, fill the void inside the door. The door frame is made, as a rule, from solid pine, allowing the lock to be embedded on one vertical side and secured door hinges- with another. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to that of solid doors, and they are not recommended for use as entrance doors. But indoors (offices, apartments, houses, etc.) - this is the most suitable option. And one should not doubt their strength for these purposes. Door leaf with honeycomb filling can easily withstand loads of up to 80 kg. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc. Such doors are also called lightweight doors.

Paneled doors
The fabric on both sides of these doors is not smooth. Doors, as a rule, have embedded rectilinear or rounded decorative recesses. They can be: lightweight, solid or semi-massive, glass or solid, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Smooth doors
The direct opposite of paneled doors. These doors have an absolutely smooth surface. Otherwise, everything said for paneled doors is also true for smooth ones.

Doors under glass
These doors have window frames built into them. various configurations. The buyer can choose the glass according to his taste. Here he will not experience any difficulties in choosing. A great variety of them are now offered: - corrugated, matte, stained glass, etc.

The doors are solid
These doors do not have window frames.

Single doors
An ordinary door consisting of one leaf.

Double-leaf swing doors (equal and unequal)
The door consists of two panels. These doors are also divided into equal and unequal. In equal-sex swing doors both canvases are the same width; for unequal-field ones, one of the canvases is much narrower, which can also be called widening.

Veneered doors
Veneer is a thin cut from wood (literally as thick as thin cardboard). Various tree species are used as raw materials. This same veneer is used to cover the door panels.

Laminated doors
Typically, smooth doors with laminate glued on them, decorated to look like different types of wood or painted in different colors.

Laminated doors
Almost the same as laminate. The only difference is that this coating is less wear-resistant than laminate. It’s true that such doors are cheaper than laminated ones.

Left-hand doors
Standing in front of the door, we open it toward ourselves with our left hand. The door hinges (in the frame) on which the door is hung are located on the left, the lock with handle, etc., is built in on the right - the door is left-handed.

Right-hand doors
We open the door towards ourselves right hand. The door hinges (in the frame) on which the door is hung are located on the right, the lock with handle, etc., is built in on the left - the door is right-handed.

Doors with a rebate (with a quarter)
There is also such a thing as a porch or quarter. At the end of the door leaf, on two or more sides, three quarters of the thickness of the door leaf is selected and one quarter is left. Thus, complete with the appropriate door frame When closed, such a door has no visible gaps between the frame and the door leaf.

Fireproof or fire-resistant doors (fireproof)
As the name implies, these doors have special properties and meet increased requirements for fire resistance and sound insulation. They can be decorated with any of the above materials and colors. But their price is correspondingly higher than non-fire doors.

Door furniture
We are talking about locks, handles, plumbing latches (rotary knobs), cylinders (cores) and plugs. Manufacturers meet customers' needs, so the choice here is also very large. Try not to make a mistake in selecting hardware components and purchase them as a set. Although, now there are certain standards and successful combinations are possible. Yes, and don't forget about door hinges. When choosing them, take into account whether your door will be left-handed or right-handed. Some manufacturers already equip their products with embedded locks at the factory.

Door frames, platband
Usually supplied with the door. Both MDF and various types of wood are used as raw materials. There are boxes that are adjustable to the thickness of the walls. They can be painted or decorated with veneer or laminate. The same can be said about the platband.

Despite the apparent variety of designs, all interior doors are divided into two large groups: paneled and panel.

Doors with paneled sashes are the most attractive, but also the most difficult to manufacture, and therefore the most expensive. Due to their frame construction, the doors are lightweight and can accommodate a variety of architectural panel treatments.

Paneled door leaves consist of frame bars that form the frame of the door, mullions (intermediate bars) and panels - panels that fill the space between the bars. The bottom block of the strapping is often made thicker, and it can be single (solid) or consist of several bars of smaller thickness. It should be borne in mind that the stronger the door, the more mullions, and therefore panels, it has, however, with an increase in the number of mullions, the cost of the door increases.

Sometimes a protective board - a plinth - is attached to the lower beam of the trim. To secure the panels in the trim bars and the centerpiece, special grooves are selected into which the panels are inserted when assembling the door.

Door leaf panel The structure consists of facings - a strapping frame made of bars, and a shield. Panel doors can be solid or frame. With a frame design, the sash consists of a frame (frame) made of wooden blocks. Between the outermost vertical or horizontal bars of the trim, at certain intervals, stiffening bars are inserted, which prevent the cladding from sagging.

Door leaf- this is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas is often of frame construction. In the case of a frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and provide greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.

Door frame- an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.

Door straps(with a frame solution) - these are bars, mainly made of softwood, located around the perimeter of the door. (No. 1 in the figure)

Sredniki- bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the straps. (No. 2 in the figure)

Panels- panels made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, filling the space between the frames and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts. (No. 3 in the figure)

Mold- shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass. (No. 4 in the figure)

Layouts- These are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” the appearance of simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, strengthen panels or glass. (No. 5 in the figure)

Baguette frame (or glazing bead)- an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.

Jaws or door strips- These are embossed profile slats designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs- blocks with a shaped profile, intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.

Platbands- wooden profile strips used to frame the doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different. (No. 6 in the figure)

Narthex- the place of abutment (connection) of the door leaf with the door frame pillars. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or on the inside of the frame that closes the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.

Threshold- a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Sealant- elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section, running along the entire perimeter of the doors between the frame and the leaves. Seals are widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.

Types of interior door designs

Massive doors
Doors of this type are made of various, valuable types of wood. The price of such products, as a rule, is significantly higher than doors with honeycomb filling, and they weigh more. To emphasize the structure of the wood, the manufacturer paints them with various wood impregnations or simply transparent varnishes. In addition to the decorative function, such processing also plays another role. The door is less susceptible to damage by fungi, mold, insects, and is more resistant to fading in light. Such doors are also called simply - array. They can be smooth or paneled, blind or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Semi-massive doors
The wooden blocks between two MDF sheets in such a door leaf are not located “joint to joint”, but at some distance from each other. Otherwise, everything said about massive doors is also true for semi-massive ones.

Doors with honeycomb filling
You've probably seen honeycombs made of wax. Exactly the same honeycombs, only made of pressed cardboard, less often made of hardboard, fill the void inside the door. The door frame is made, as a rule, from solid pine, which allows you to embed a lock on one vertical side and attach door hinges on the other. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to that of solid doors, and they are not recommended for use as entrance doors. But indoors (offices, apartments, houses, etc.) is the most suitable option. And one should not doubt their strength for these purposes. Door leaf with honeycomb filling can easily withstand loads of up to 80 kg. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc. Such doors are also called lightweight doors.

Paneled doors
The fabric on both sides of these doors is not smooth. Doors, as a rule, have embedded rectilinear or rounded decorative recesses. They can be: lightweight, solid or semi-massive, glass or solid, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Smooth doors
The direct opposite of paneled doors. These doors have an absolutely smooth surface. Otherwise, everything said for paneled doors is also true for smooth ones.

Veneered doors
Veneer is a thin cut from wood (literally as thick as thin cardboard). Various tree species are used as raw materials. This same veneer is used to cover the door panels.

Laminated doors
Typically, smooth doors with laminate glued on them, decorated to look like different types of wood or painted in different colors.

Laminated doors
Almost the same as laminate. The only difference is that this coating is less wear-resistant than laminate. It’s true that such doors are cheaper than laminated ones.

Doors with a rebate (with a quarter)
There is also such a thing as a porch or quarter. At the end of the door leaf, on two or more sides, three quarters of the thickness of the door leaf is selected and one quarter is left. Thus, complete with the corresponding door frame, such a door when closed has no visible gaps between the frame and the door leaf.

– important element interior, performing both an aesthetic function and a space zoning option. A lot depends on the choice of product: general form rooms, comfort conditions, room style and level of noise insulation in the room. Therefore, the choice must be approached responsibly and the design of the model taken into account. Those who are not professionally versed in carpentry, as a rule, believe that a door is a monolithic product. However, modern options include several important components that increase the reliability, durability and aesthetics of the interior door.

Design elements

In order for this interior element to look neat, occupy a minimum of space and at the same time effectively perform its functions, the design includes 5 components.

Door leaf

The canvas is the main element covering the doorway. It can be made from various materials. However, the most popular among modern options are and , for example. Natural materials more durable, reliable, resistant to impacts and have an original appearance.

In addition to the material, the door leaf may vary in other parameters:

• it can be solid or with all sorts of additional inserts, for example, glass or wooden elements;
• method of decoration - to decorate the product, carvings, finishing with veneer from various species, as well as elements made of metal or plastic are used. External design may have a variety of designs;
• thickness and overall dimensions.

The door leaf can consist of a frame made of solid wood or pillar elements, ties and a paneled part. The hinges and lock cut into the vertical side parts, which are the uprights. Ligaments are transverse, that is, horizontal elements of the fabric. The paneled part is located inside the frame itself. It can be made of MDF, solid wood or even glass. In this case, there can be several paneled parts: two or more.

Box

After installing the hinges, the door leaf is attached to the frame, which consists of two posts and a crossbar. The box is mounted in an opening in the wall. In most cases, an additional crossbar is installed at the bottom, forming a threshold. To fastener door design in the opening was reliable, the box must be resistant to changes in temperature, humidity and massiveness. If possible, racks and crossbars should be equipped with seals, as, for example, in plastic windows. This will reduce noise when opening the door and prevent the spread of odors throughout all rooms.

Platbands

Platbands are wooden planks that cover the junction of the wall and the frame. This element comes in two types based on its shape:

• rectangular;
• curly or semicircular.

To fasten the platbands to the box, special nails are used that do not have heads. Mostly platbands are made from MDF or plastic.

Extras

If the walls are wide, then after installing the box, between this element and the platband there remains an unclosed area in the alignment of the opening in the wall. The structural parts that are used to close this space are called extensions. In appearance they resemble platbands, only wider and have a rectangular shape.

Accessories

In addition to massive structural parts, the interior door also consists of small parts, which are called fittings. This includes handles, hinges, chains, locks and all remaining elements. Most often, fittings are made from brass, as it is a very durable and aesthetic material. At the same time, it always corresponds to the overall design of the product.