When to plant seedlings. Planting dates for garden plants
When to plant which seedlings? Calendar for growing seedlings
The optimal time for landing is when the Moon is below the horizon, that is, it has not yet risen or has already set, avoiding especially the rising and setting of the Moon.
For getting best harvest inches, sow the seeds in the ground during the waxing moon - from new moon to full moon, preferably closer to the new moon. But not on the new moon: at this time the seeds have a minimum viability, they may not germinate. You can sow long-germinating seeds two days before the new moon.
The period two days before the new moon and seven days after the new moon is the best for sowing seeds that germinate and sprout very quickly or take a very long time. 3rd quarter of the Moon - best time for sowing seeds that take a moderately long time to germinate and emerge.
Most good harvest You will get roots if you plant on the waning moon or two days before the full moon.
Any harvest intended for storage is best harvested during the waning Moon and on those days when the Moon is in one of the “unproductive” signs of the Zodiac.
It is best to dig up potatoes on the waning Moon, closer to the new moon and when it is in Aries, Gemini, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius. It is acceptable when the Moon is in Leo, Virgo. Scorpio, Cancer, Pisces - potatoes do not store well and are tasteless.
Among the productive signs of the Zodiac, “wet” signs are noted, when plants most actively absorb water and accumulate it in the green parts. These are Cancer, Libra, Scorpio, Pisces. When the Moon is in these signs, watering is most effective. But it is effective to prepare grown products for future use (canning, pickling, pickling, drying, preparing juices and wine) during the waxing Moon, when it passes the signs of Capricorn, Scorpio, Taurus. Less effective, but acceptable - for Gemini, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius, Pisces, Cancer, Virgo. Highly not recommended - with the Moon in Aquarius.
Calendar for planting seedlings of garden crops
| Culture | Sowing seedlings | |
| Anise | 25.4-15.5 | |
| Basil | 15.3-10.4 | 10.5-10.6 |
| Eggplant | 10.2-15.3 | 5-25.5 (may need to be covered) |
| Beans | 10.4-15.5 (may need to be covered) | |
| Swede | 20.4-5.5 | 20.4-15.6 (grown both by seedlings and without seedlings) |
| Peas | 15.4-5.7 (subject to soil warming above 6 degrees) | |
| Mustard leaf | 10.4-10.8 | |
| Melon | 1-15.4 | 10-30.5 (subject to soil warming above 15 degrees) |
| Strawberries | 1.2-1.4 | 15.7-5.9 |
| Zucchini, zucchini | 25.4-15.5 | |
| Early white cabbage | 1-15.3 | 15.4-10.5 |
| Red cabbage | 15.4-5.5 | 20.5-25.6 |
| Late white cabbage | 25.3-15.4 | 10-25.5 |
| Broccoli | 1.3-25.5 | 25.4 (may need to be covered) -30.6 |
| Brussels sprouts | 25.3-25.4 | 15.5-15.6 |
| Kohlrabi cabbage | 1.3-15.7 | 5.4 (may need to be covered) -20.8 |
| Kohlrabi cabbage for storage | 20.5-10.6 | 20.6-10.7 |
| Cabbage | 10.5-30.6 | 10.6-30.7 |
| Cauliflower | 1.3-15.6 | 25.4 (may need to be covered) -25.7 |
| Early potatoes | 20-30.4 (subject to soil warming above 9 degrees) | |
| Potato | 1-10.4 | 8-20.5 |
| Cilantro | 20.4-10.8 | |
| Watercress | 10.4 (may need to be covered) -10.9 | |
| Onions, from seeds | 1-30.3 | 15.4-10.5 |
| Onion | 15.4-15.7 and up to 10.9 | |
| Leek | 10.3-5.4 | 1-30.5 |
| Shallot | from 15.4 (may be required) until October | |
| Marjoram | 20.3-10.4 | 15.5-15.6 |
| Melissa | 5.3-10.4 | 20.4-20.5 |
| Early carrots | 10.4 (may need to be covered) - 5.8 | |
| Late carrots for storage | 20.5-5.6 | |
| Peppermint | March | April (and also in autumn) |
| Cucumbers, greenhouse | 5-30.4 | 1-25.5 (subject to soil warming up to 12 degrees) |
| Cucumbers, open ground | 1-15.5 | 20.5 (may need to be covered: provided the soil warms up above 12 degrees |
| Parsnip | 10.4 (may need to be covered) -25.4 | |
| Patissons | 20.4-10.5 | 20.5-10.6 (subject to soil warming above 11 degrees) |
| Culture | Sowing seedlings | Planting (or sowing) in open ground |
| Bulgarian pepper | 10.2-15.3 | 5-25.5 |
| Parsley | March | April and/or October |
| Rhubarb | 10.4-10.5 | 1-15.9 |
| Radish | 10.4-25.5 | |
| Late radish for storage | 25.7-10.8 | |
| Radish, spring-summer varieties | 25.4-20.5 | |
| Radish, summer-autumn varieties | 10.6-10.7 | |
| Turnip | 20.4 (may need to be covered) -10.5 | |
| Turnips for storage | 5-20.7 | |
| Head lettuce | 15.3-20.7 | 10.4 (may need to be covered) -20.8 |
| Leaf lettuce | 15.3-20.7 | 10.4 (may need to be covered) - 20.8 |
| Beetroot | 10-25.4 | 20.4 (may need to be covered; subject to soil warming up to 8 degrees) - 20.6 |
| Beetroot for storage | 10-15.5 | |
| Celery rhizomes | 5-20.2 | 25.4-10.5 |
| Leaf celery | 1.3-15.4 | 1.5-10.6 |
| Asparagus | 25.2-10.6 | 1.5-10.7 |
| Caraway | April or October | |
| Early tomatoes | 10-25.4 | 25.5-10.6 |
| Tomatoes for pickling | 20.5-10.6 | |
| Jerusalem artichoke | April | |
| Common pumpkin | 5.5-25.5 | 25.5-15.6 (subject to soil warming above 11 degrees) |
| butternut squash | 10-30.5 | 1-15.6 (subject to soil heating above 13 degrees) |
| Dill | 1.4-31.7 | |
| Winter dill | 15.10-30.11 | |
| Beans for grain | 20.4-20.5 | 15.5-15.6 |
| Tall, curly beans | 20-30.5 | |
| Horseradish | April | |
| Winter garlic | 10.9-5.10 (subject to soil warming up to + 4 degrees) | |
| Spring garlic | 17.4-15.5 | |
| Sorrel | From April to July | |
| Spinach | 20-30.3 | 10.4 (may need to be covered) - 20.7 |
| Endive | March | 1-15.6 |
| Tarragon | 10.2-5.5 | 5.4-30.6 |
Instructions
Seedlings are brought into the greenhouse around May 10-20, and planted in open beds no earlier than June 10, since frosts on the soil are possible at the beginning of summer.
Expect that seedlings will appear after your sowing in 3-15 days. It is also necessary to take into account the age of the seedlings, which they must reach before planting. permanent place. The plant needs 2-3 days to take root.
Here is an example of such a calculation: a celery seedling is planted in a garden bed around May 25th. Subtract the optimal age of the plant from this date, it is 70-80 days, subtract another 15 days that will take for germination, and a few more days for adaptation. It turns out that you need to subtract about 95 days from May 25th. It turns out that you need to sow celery seedlings after February 25th.
If you need to get the first harvest by a certain date, consider the duration of the plant's growing season from planting to the appearance of fruit. This time is indicated on the seed package.
The early growing season is approximately 100 days. The best age for seedlings to move to a permanent place is 45-50 days. Sprouts sprout in 7-8 days. The seedlings are planted in the greenhouse around June 1. Goes out to get a tomato harvest for fresh salad by July 20, you need to sow the seeds 100 days before this day, plus a week for germination and several days for adaptation. It turns out the date is April 1-8.
Cucumbers, zucchini, melons are faster-ripening crops, but do not tolerate transplantation into the ground more easily. Start growing them in separate peat pots. This is very light-loving plants, so there is no point in sowing them earlier than April 10-20.
If you have heated greenhouses, sow tomatoes and peppers in February or early March. Then you will start replanting the plants in late April or early May. There is no need to rush; there is nothing good in overgrown seedlings.
To make it easier for you to navigate the deadlines, the following are the landing dates for the most popular summer cottages plants: Celery. Ground – May 25. Seedling growth – 70-80 days. Germination – 15 days. Sowing seeds - after February 25. Sweet pepper. Ground – June 5. Seedling growth – 70 days. Germination – 12-14 days. Sowing seeds - after March 10. Early white cabbage. Soil - after May 20. Seedling growth – 50 days. Germination – 5 days. Sowing seeds - March 15. Eggplant. Ground – June 5. Seedling growth – 50 days. Germination – 12 days. Sowing seeds - April 1. Tomato. Seedling growth – 45-50 days. Germination – 7-8 days. Sowing seeds - April 1-8. Cucumber. Soil - after May 25. Seedling growth – 25-27 days. Germination – 3 days. Sowing seeds - no earlier than April 25. Head lettuce. Ground – June 10. Seedling growth – up to 40 days. Germination – 4 days. Sowing seeds - after April 25. Mid-season cabbage. Soil - after early cabbage. Seedling growth – up to 40 days. Sowing seeds - end of April. Pumpkin, squash, zucchini. Ground – June 10. Seedling growth – 25-27 days. Germination – 4 days. Sowing seeds - after May 10.
The responsible and long-awaited time for gardeners is approaching - growing seedlings cucumbers, tomatoes, other vegetables and flowers.
Very soon, apartment window sills will turn into plantations with seedlings. The main question of interest to gardeners and gardeners is when to sow vegetable seeds for seedlings How to correctly calculate the timing of sowing.
Experienced gardeners know and are able to correctly determine the time of sowing. But new species and hybrids are appearing vegetable crops that you really want to grow.
The timing of sowing seeds for seedlings can vary significantly even for varieties of the same crop. Optimal time It is almost impossible to name the sowing amount, but it is possible to calculate it, and with great accuracy.
To calculate the sowing time you need to know:
Length of the growing season for a specific crop;
Optimal age of seedlings for planting in open ground;
How demanding are plants when it comes to heat?
Under what conditions will the crop be grown (greenhouse, greenhouse, open ground);
Seed germination period;
Weather conditions in your region;
Desired dates for harvesting.
Let's collect all these elements in our future formula for calculating the timing of growing seedlings.
Duration of the growing season
This is the time from the emergence of seedlings, the formation of the plant until the harvest. The duration of each crop is different, so crops with a long growing season are grown in seedlings, otherwise the plants simply will not have time to produce a harvest.
The length of the growing season varies among different varieties the same plant. Therefore, varieties are divided into early-ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening.
Seed packages usually indicate length of the growing season in days. This is the number we need.
For the most popular vegetable crops, remember the average growing season data:
Tomatoes 80 – 140 days
Eggplant 100 – 150 days
Sweet pepper 90 – 140 days
White cabbage 50 – 100 days
The range is very large, for example tomatoes late varieties sow already in February, early varieties in March-April.
Optimal age of seedlings for transplanting
Each crop has its own age for picking, transplanting and planting in open ground. This is the optimal age when young seedlings easily tolerate such a serious procedure, get sick less and take root faster. Therefore, calculate the sowing time correctly so that at the time of transplanting the seedlings are of the right age.
Early ripe tomatoes– 40-50 days
Mid-season tomatoes– 55-60 days
Late ripening tomatoes– 70 days
Bell pepper– 50-65 days
Eggplant– 45-60 days
These are approximate figures, it all depends on the length of the growing season.
Warmth for seedlings
Vegetable crops grown by seedlings are very demanding of heat. The exception is cabbage; it can tolerate a relative decrease in temperature. This indicator will affect the timing of planting seedlings in open ground.
Planting in the ground occurs when the likelihood of frost has passed. Today there are varieties of tomatoes and peppers bred by breeders for the northern regions; they are less demanding of heat.
Growing conditions
In our formula, this is the most important variable, because plants planted in a greenhouse and in open ground differ significantly in terms of timing. For example, tomato seedlings are planted in a greenhouse without heating in early May, and in open ground in the first ten days of June.
That's why sowing seedlings in a greenhouse you can do it as early as February, and for open ground not earlier than the end of March.
Of course, when growing in a greenhouse, much depends on the type of greenhouse itself, the material with which it is covered, and the presence of heating. When grown in open ground everything depends on weather conditions.
Desired harvest time
This parameter is relative, because by changing the timing of sowing seeds we adjust the yield. By sowing in several stages, you can prolong the fruiting of vegetable crops by obtaining seedlings of different ages.
Such seedlings must be planted in the ground in stages.
Seed germination time
This is often forgotten, but it is important parameter. For some types of vegetable crops, the time from sowing to germination is 10-15 days. Therefore, always take into account the germination period of seeds. And not everything always depends only on the quality of the seeds themselves, but also on the created conditions - temperature, humidity, planting depth.
Table of timing of sowing seeds of main vegetable crops
Seed preparation and processing accelerates the germination process, the shoots appear together. Dry and soaked seeds germinate differently.
Average germination rates for main crops:
Tomatoes 4-6 days
Bell pepper 12-15 days
Eggplant 8-10
White cabbage 4-5 days
Climatic conditions
This is a key factor in the formula for calculating sowing time. It’s easier to use V.I. Kuznetsov’s scheme, which is based on two main terms:
Cold sowing period– time for planting cold-resistant crops and early-ripening varieties of cabbage in open ground, and planting heat-loving cucumbers, peppers, tomatoes, and eggplants in closed ground (greenhouses and hotbeds).
Warm sowing time- the time when you can sow and plant seedlings of heat-loving crops in open ground.
The cold sowing period is determined by the physical ripeness of the soil (certain temperature and humidity).
During the day, the soil temperature at a depth of 8 cm should be +8 degrees, which can be measured with a regular thermometer. If you don’t want to dig and measure with a thermometer, watch the birch. The appearance of the first leaves is a sign that the temperature is at the level we need.
Well, those who sow and plant lunar calendar, will find the required dates consistent with the movement of the moon.
An important factor in successfully obtaining seedlings on a windowsill is good quality seed material. Buy seeds from proven companies in proven stores. If you have your own seeds, then there is nothing to worry about.
Seed preparation
If you have seeds from last year (fresh), then it will be enough to treat them for two to three hours before planting in a solution of potassium permanganate (pink).
If the seeds are more than a year old, then it is better to soak them first in warm water for several hours, and only then pickle them in potassium permanganate for 2-3 hours. Otherwise, there will be no friendly shoots; some seedlings will grow larger than others and after a while will begin to oppress the smaller ones.
Seeds pickled in potassium permanganate are filtered and laid out on a regular blotter or cotton pad; after 30–50 minutes, the seeds acquire a free-flowing state, and now it is much easier to sow them.
Purchased processed seeds (they are in green or red shells) are not pickled in potassium permanganate or soaked, but are sown dry in very moist soil. Soaking these seeds can only harm germination.
Timing for planting seedlings
Seeds for seedlings are sown, not all crops at once, because they have different growing seasons.
- and pepper - sown in early February.
- Tomatoes - sown in the second half of February or the first ten days of March.
- Cabbage - (early), in the first half of March, (late) in late March-first half of April.
- Cucumbers - at the end of March, the first half of April.
Seedlings sown in February will not be strong and lush at first, as a result of lack of light. The onset of spring, sun and warmth, an increase in daylight hours will lead to the seedlings awakening in a couple of weeks, gaining power and strength.
When planted at the end of February, the seedlings will go through the entire cycle of vegetative ripening in May and in the open ground there will be eggplants and peppers 30–45 centimeters tall, and tomatoes even taller. Now all they have to do is take off, bloom and bring a powerful harvest, much earlier than seedlings sown later.
Planting seeds
Fill the cups (or containers that have been prepared) with planting substrate. After light tamping (pressing with your fingers), bring the height of the mixture to approximately two-thirds of the height of the glass.
If the earthen substrate is moist, then the filled cups are ready for planting seeds. If the earthen mixture (substrate) turns out to be dry, then pour plenty of water into the filled cups. Then the seeds are laid out on the substrate and the substrate mixture is poured on top, in a layer of 1–2 centimeters. Lightly tamp again with your fingers and slightly moisten.
The soil above the seeds should be no higher than two centimeters, otherwise the seeds will take a long time to germinate, or may not germinate at all.
Usually 2–5 seeds are placed in all cups. If you are confident in the quality of the seeds, 2-3 of them are enough (after picking, after a week, one of them is left, the healthiest seedling).
If you are not confident in the seeds, then you need to sow 5-6 seeds in each glass. When growing seedlings in pairs (tomatoes and peppers go well together in pairs), sow 3-4 seeds in a cup.
With the same quality of pepper, tomato, cabbage and eggplant seeds, pepper has the lowest germination rate and tomatoes have the highest germination rate. Therefore, when sowing peppers, it is better to play it safe and sow a couple more seeds in each glass.
After planting and watering the seeds, cover the cups with cellophane (which prevents the substrate from drying out before the seeds sprout) and place them in any warm place (the sown seeds do not need light before sprouting). It is necessary to look under the film every day so as not to miss the beginning of seed germination. After the emergence of seedlings, the film is removed and the cups with plants are placed in the light.
Working in a garden or vegetable garden requires enormous costs, both physical and spiritual. After all, it is necessary not only to plant a plant, but also to do it with soul and mind. To achieve success, you also need to act in accordance with nature, and this is not so easy. 2019 promises to bring a good harvest, but only if you follow the lunar cycles. And the 2019 seedling planting calendar will help you with this.
Favorable days for planting seedlings in 2019 according to the lunar calendar
Planting seeds for seedlings will certainly be crowned with success if the gardener is guided common sense, that is, simple mathematical calculations. The lunar sowing calendar is responsible for success in this matter.
For the mathematical calculation, the following information is needed:
- Time of seed germination.
- The time for planting seedlings in the ground, in a greenhouse or outdoors, and in this case you can be guided either simply by the planting date or by the planned date of harvest.
Data on main garden crops are given in the table, which also indicates the days favorable for planting in middle lane Russia.
| Culture | Favorable days for sowing seeds for seedlings, greenhouse/open ground | Germination time, days | Age of seedlings for planting in the ground, days |
| Tomatoes | March 10-17/ April 9-16 | 5-8 |
|
| Pepper | February 9-16/ March 10-17 | 7-10 | 50-60 |
| Eggplant | February 9-16 March 10-17 | 7-10 | 50-60 |
| cucumbers | April 9-16/ May 9-16 | 2-4 |
|
| Zucchini | February 9-16/ May 9-16 | 2-4 | 40-60 |
| White cabbage | February 16, March 10-17/ March 17, April 9-16, May 9 | 3-4 | 45 |
How to choose seeds for seedlings
One of the most important factors that have a huge impact on the yield is the quality of the seeds. But the difficulty lies in the fact that it is not immediately possible to discern which ones are good and which ones are not. Every gardener has his own secrets, but we will tell you a few more tricks.
You can buy seeds in a supermarket, a specialized chain store, and even at the market. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, but the main thing is reviews about the product and the seller. You can find out from your summer resident friends, or you can look it up on the Internet, or better yet, all at once.
But even with good reviews There are mistakes and you can end up with a low-quality product. To avoid such a fate, be careful and consider the following factors:
- buy only in places you have trusted, and even if another store has opened where it’s cheaper, you shouldn’t take the risk. If you suddenly decide to buy expensive seeds in a store, be sure to keep the receipt so that in case of a defect you can return them.
- Before purchasing, be sure to check the quality certificates. And forget about embarrassment and inconvenience. Remember that this is your legal right.
Do not forget to study the information indicated on the packaging:
Hardening and planting seeds
Coated seeds do not require any pre-treatment before planting. But it is better to harden ordinary seeds before planting. This will ensure good germination, protect against pests and diseases, and also increase resistance to weather conditions.
The seeds of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, and zucchini are hardened. They need to be soaked for 5-7 hours until they swell at a temperature of 20 degrees, and then put in the refrigerator (not the freezer!) for 6 hours, and do this for five days in a row. Instead, the seeds can, on the contrary, be heated in the oven - at a temperature not exceeding 60° for three hours. There are other ways to prepare seeds for sowing - each summer resident chooses his own. If you refuse to harden the seeds, do not forget to soak them overnight in water before sowing to speed up the seed's hatching.
The soil can be purchased, or your own; according to many experienced summer residents, this is not so important. But in both the first and second cases it is necessary to carefully check it for the presence of various small plants, they shouldn't exist. And before planting seedlings, it is necessary to prepare the soil. Place it in a wide container, pour boiling water with potassium permanganate and leave it for 3-4 days.
Planting seeds should be done as follows:
Picking seedlings is carried out at any time, but most often this is done when the first leaf appears. It is better to cut off weak plants in a common container, leaving the strong ones.
Don't forget about regularly loosening the soil. Thanks to this, you can provide the plants with oxygen and also protect them from the development of bacteria. And to avoid such a misfortune as “black leg”, sprinkle the soil with ash.
Just remember to turn the pots towards the light so that the plants do not stretch to one side. In other cases, for growing strong seedlings You can’t do without additional lighting. The easiest way to use a light source is fluorescent lamps or LEDs. 
Seedlings should be watered only with settled water that does not contain chlorine. Two weeks before the intended planting in the ground, begin hardening the seedlings: take them out of the warm room onto the balcony for a couple of hours, then put them back. After a week, the seedlings can “stay” on the balcony for 4-5 hours. This procedure will speed up flowering and fruiting. The timing of planting seedlings in the ground depends on the specific area and weather conditions.
