26.08.2010

Automated node heating system control, produced by OJSC SANTEKHPROM, is included in the Register of new equipment used in the construction (reconstruction) of city-ordered facilities.

On July 26, 2010, at a meeting of the Expert Commission on New Equipment, it was decided to include the automated heating system control unit, produced by OJSC SANTEKHPROM, in the Register of new equipment used in the construction (reconstruction) of city-ordered objects in Moscow.

Brief information:

The automated control unit (ACU) is designed for automatic regulation parameters of the coolant (temperature, pressure) entering the heating system of the residential area apartment buildings and other buildings. Regulation is made in accordance with the outside temperature. When the air temperature decreases, the temperature of the coolant increases; when the air temperature increases, the temperature of the coolant entering the heating system of the residential part of the buildings decreases. Also, using the ACU, the calculated pressure drop between the supply and return lines of the heating systems of the residential part of the building is ensured.

The ACU is a factory-ready unit, fully assembled and ready for installation on site.

Currently, the State Unitary Enterprise "MNIITEP", LLC "Danfoss" and OJSC "SANTEKHPROM" have defined a nomenclature of ACU, which includes 150 types, which can be divided according to the thermal load and equipment installation scheme, and at the SANTEKHPROM plant mass production of ACU in the form of blocks has been organized factory ready.

The operating principle of the ACU is as follows. The coolant coming from the central heating station moves through the ACU. The ACU contains a controller. It is pre-installed temperature graph, recorded on the mode card. Using sensors, a comparison is made between the actual and set coolant temperatures. Using pumps, the coolant from the return line is mixed with the coolant from the supply line. The coolant supply is regulated using a control valve. The pressure drop in the heating system is controlled using a differential pressure regulator.

The ACU includes the following main components:

mixing pump

motorized control valve

differential pressure regulator

magnetic filter

check valve

steel ball valves

temperature sensors

Pressure Sensors

pressure gauges

thermometers

outside air temperature sensor

controller

electrical control cabinet

In two five-story buildings in the Metrogorodok area, as part of a sample overhaul engineering systems, by the efforts of the Prefecture of the Eastern Administrative District of Moscow, OJSC SANTEKHPROM and LLC Danfoss, the AMU was installed. They replaced the elevator units. Heating devices were also replaced. Automatic thermostats were installed on the new heating devices. Balancing valves were installed on the heating system risers. Subsequently heating season Heat consumption monitoring was carried out in these houses:

• The actual consumption of thermal energy in the house was 425.7 Gcal;
• The standard consumption of thermal energy was 673.7 Gcal;
• The savings amounted to 248 Gcal or 37%.

Another house, located in the same area and powered by the same central heating station as the first house, showed the following results:

• The actual consumption of thermal energy in the house was 339.8 Gcal;
• The standard consumption of thermal energy was 493.8 Gcal;
• The savings amounted to 154 Gcal or 31%.

According to the capital repair program residential buildings in the city of Moscow in 2008 - 2010, it is planned to install more than 1000 automatic control units. As of July 2010, about 600 automatic control units have been installed in various districts of Moscow. According to the head of the municipal services complex, the results of monitoring residential buildings in the last heating season showed that savings in thermal energy consumption amounted to up to 34%.

Thus, saving thermal energy consumption in residential buildings can be achieved, in particular, if the following engineering equipment is used:

Factory-made AUU.

Balancing valves.

Heating devices with built-in automatic thermostats.

Extract from the Register of New Equipment under Protocol No. 3/2010 of the Expert Commission dated July 26, 2010.

Name of the new technology sample: Automated heating system control unit (AUU CO).

Purpose and scope: Automatic control system for heating systems with regulation (maintenance) of temperature and pressure parameters of the coolant in heating systems. Applicable in accordance with current regulations on energy saving when connecting residential and public buildings to the central heating center instead of the elevator control unit. For public buildings, it is possible to regulate ventilation and air conditioning parameters.

Developer, manufacturer, supplier: State Unitary Enterprise "MNIITEP", OJSC "SANTEKHPROM"

Year of issue: 2008

Technical characteristics (performance, power, etc.): Specifications:

B) Temperature conditions:

Local water ° C without mixing, pump on return pipeline with three-way valve:

Superheated water °C with mixing, jumper pump with differential pressure regulator:

Superheated water °C with mixing, return pump:

Terms of Use. Guarantee period services: Terms of Use:

A) Exhaust ventilation;

B) Electricity (uninterrupted power supply 220V);

B) The outdoor air sensor should be placed outside the building on the north wall;

D) Backup pump (to prevent the heating system from freezing in the event of a breakdown of the main pump);

D) A separate room, possibly a basement type, with a door and a lock (to restrict access by unauthorized persons).

The room temperature should be in the range from +1 to +30 ° C.

Periodic inspection of the system by qualified operating personnel.

Service life: 5 years without repair.

Unit price, rub. (according to the applicant): Depends on scheme 1-12 and load and ranges from 117,392 rubles. excluding VAT up to RUB 1,367,844. without VAT

Performance indicators. Payback: Allows you to reduce thermal energy consumption by 50%. Planned profit for energy saving resources. Payback on average is 2 years.

Description:

Such measures are the installation of automated control units for heating systems (hereinafter referred to as ACU) instead of thermal or elevator units, the installation of balancing valves on the risers of heating systems and thermostatic valves on the connections to heating devices.

Errors in the implementation of automated control units for heating systems in Moscow (2008–2009)

A. M. Filippov, Head of the Inspectorate for Energy Saving Control of the State Housing Inspectorate of Moscow

With the adoption of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ “On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and on introducing amendments to certain legislative acts Russian Federation» the importance of energy saving in residential buildings is increasing, especially measures that allow not only to automate, but also to reduce the consumption of thermal energy in apartment buildings, as well as to optimize the distribution of heat between consumers in the house. Such measures are the installation of automated control units for heating systems (hereinafter referred to as ACU) instead of thermal or elevator units, the installation of balancing valves on the risers of heating systems and thermostatic valves on the connections to heating devices.

Prerequisites for the implementation of AMS

The concept of ACU first appeared back in 1995, when the concept “Modern energy-saving heat supply and heating systems for buildings in mass construction in Moscow” and a program for its implementation were developed and approved at MNIITEP. Subsequently, the implementation of automatic control systems was prescribed in the new edition of MGSN 2.01–99 “Energy saving in a building”, then on April 27, 2002, a meeting of the Moscow City Architecture Complex was held, at which, among other things, they considered the issue “On standard technical solutions for equipping residential buildings under construction with automated control units for heating systems."

In 2008, the State Unitary Enterprise MoszhilNIIproekt, together with Danfoss LLC, compiled the album “Automated Control Units” using technical solutions standard project, and in May 2008, the heat supply organization JSC MOEK held two meetings with the participation of design and contractors on the installation of automatic control units on the design and development of technical specifications for linking a standard design for the installation of automatic control units during the overhaul of residential buildings of the 2008–2014 program.

Since August 2008, the mass introduction (installation) of ACU in residential buildings began to replace elevator and thermal units, and currently in Moscow the number of residential buildings with installed ACU reaches 1000 buildings, which is approximately 3% of the city's residential buildings.

Operating principle and advantages of using ACU

What an ACU is, its structure and principle of operation were described repeatedly in the works of M. M. Grudzinsky, S. I. Prizhizhetsky and V. L. Granovsky, including in. In addition, a similar principle of equipment operation is used in the central heating point of JSC MOEK (formerly in the heating points of the State Unitary Enterprise Mosgorteplo) in the automatic control system of a dependent heating system (SARZSO), but only for transient modes in autumn and spring.

In short, ACU is a set of devices and equipment that provide automatic control of temperature and coolant flow at the entrance to each building exactly in accordance with the temperature schedule specified for this building or in accordance with the needs of residents.

The advantage of ACU in comparison with thermal and elevator units that have a fixed cross-section of the passage opening (elevator nozzle, throttle diaphragm) through which the coolant enters the intra-house heating system is the ability to change the amount of supplied coolant depending on the water temperature in the supply and return pipelines of the system heating with correction for outside air temperature in accordance with the temperature schedule.

Unlike elevator units installed on each section of the house, the ACU is installed, as a rule, one per building (if there are 2 heat inputs in the house, then 2 ACU are installed), and the connection is made after the thermal energy metering unit of the heating system (if there is one ).

The schematic diagram and axonometric view of the ACU is shown in Fig. 1, 2 (based on materials from Danfoss LLC). Design options are possible depending on the connection diagram to the heating network, hydraulic modes at the thermal input, the specific design of the building's heating system and operating conditions (12 standard solutions in total).

Figure 2.

An approximate diagram of the ACU provides: 1 – electronic unit (control panel); 2 – outside air temperature sensor; 3 – coolant temperature sensors in the supply and return pipelines; 4 – flow regulator valve with gear drive; 5 – differential pressure regulator valve; 6 – filter; 7 – circulation pump; 8 – check valve.

As can be seen from the diagram, the ACU fundamentally consists of three parts: network, circulation and electronic.

The network part of the ACU includes a coolant flow regulator valve with a gear drive, a differential pressure regulator valve with a spring control element and a filter.

The circulation part of the ACU includes a circulation (mixing) pump and a check valve. Two Grundfos pumps (or other types of pumps that meet the requirements of the automatic control system) are installed as mixing pumps, which operate alternately on a timer with a 6-hour cycle. The operation of the pumps is monitored by a signal from a differential pressure sensor installed on the pumps.

The electronic part of the ACU includes an electronic unit (control panel) that provides automatic control thermomechanical and pumping equipment in order to maintain a given temperature schedule and hydraulic mode in the heating system of the building, an ECL card (intended for programming the controller thermal regime), an outdoor air temperature sensor (installed on the north side of the building facade), coolant temperature sensors in the supply and return pipelines and a gear electric drive for the coolant flow control valve in the network part of the ACU.

Errors when implementing ACS

The main topic of this article is the mistakes made when planning work, designing and installing automatic control units in Moscow, which nullified all the work done and did not allow us to achieve the planned indicators for energy efficiency and energy saving. For a year and a half, the installed ACUs were practically not used for their intended purpose or were used ineffectively, expensive equipment often stood idle in a switched-off state, and the coolant entered the in-house heating systems through non-dismantled elevators.

Of course, many of the errors were later corrected, and the work of the automated control system was established, but errors could have been prevented with the correct organization of work at all stages of the process.

So what were these mistakes?

1. At the stage of planning and organizing work.

When choosing technical solution, in violation of the requirements of MGSN 2.01–99 “Energy Saving in Buildings” (clause 4.2.1.), a technical and economic comparison of the options was not carried out: 1) installation of automatic heating units from distribution networks of central heating stations or 2) installation of ITP from city main heat pipelines and water supply networks. As a result, when installing the ACU, the functions of the equipment installed in the central heating center were duplicated, which is contrary to the “Rules technical operation thermal power plants" of Rostekhnadzor of the Russian Federation (clause 9.1.2.), and the installation of automatic control units and balancing valves led to an increase in hydraulic resistance in the system and the need to replace (reconstruct) the thermal mechanical equipment of the central heating station. However, the reconstruction of the central heating substations was not envisaged, and the AMUs were not implemented in a cluster method, starting from the end buildings, but not comprehensively, only in individual buildings at the beginning or middle of the link to the central heating substation. As a result, the non-integrated installation of automatic heating units disrupted the established hydraulic and thermal balance in intra-block heating networks, led to a deterioration in the operation of the heating systems of most connected buildings and necessitated expensive thermal adjustments (with the calculation of the diameters of elevator nozzles and throttle diaphragms, their installation on input-distribution units and subsequent adjustment (replacement) during operation in heating season.

2. At the design stage:

– there were no working designs, often instead of working designs, copies from a standard design were used without calculations, selection and linking of equipment to local conditions, which led to erroneous decisions when selecting and installing equipment and, as a consequence, to violations of heat supply conditions during its operation;

– the selected installation schemes for the ACU did not meet the required ones, which immediately had a negative impact on the heat supply. For example, in three residential buildings of a closed joint stock company, as a result of the dismantling of the elevator unit and the use of an ACU scheme in the dependent heating system, intended for independent systems without a mixing unit, the design temperature schedule of the system operation (95–70 °C) was violated and the primary superheated coolant with a temperature curve (150/70 °C), which led to overheating of the residential premises closest to the coolant flow and to disruption of coolant circulation in the end risers (underheating of the premises located on the end risers). Operating the system in this mode was fraught with burns to residents when touching devices and pipelines. Only timely intervention helped eliminate this error before the onset of cold weather;

– issued technical specifications(specifications) did not correspond to the actual parameters: for example, the specifications and the project indicated a schedule of 150/70 °C instead of the actual 105/70 °C, which resulted in an incorrect choice of the ACU scheme. Also, when issuing technical specifications for the ACU, it was not taken into account that during the overhaul the heating systems were reconstructed (schemes were changed from one-pipe to two-pipe, the diameters of distribution pipelines and risers, heating areas of heating devices, etc.), while the calculation of the ACU was carried out for heating systems before reconstruction.

3. At the installation and commissioning stage:

– the time for installation was chosen incorrectly: ACUs were often installed already in winter period after the completion of other work, which led to complaints from residents about untimely start-up of heat, frequent heating shutdowns, and violations temperature regime;

– in vain they refused to install ACU in cases where balancing valves were installed on the risers of central heating systems during a major overhaul. Their installation led to a sharp increase in hydraulic resistance in the systems, and in the absence of automatic control units with pumping equipment and failure to replace pumps in central heating stations in such residential buildings and neighboring houses during the heating period, problems with heat supply immediately arose;

– outdoor air temperature sensors were not mounted on the north side of the building, which led to incorrect adjustment of the thermal mode due to the influence solar radiation on the sensor (its heating);

– the operation of the automatic control unit was carried out in an emergency manual mode and was not switched to automatic mode;

– documents and ECL cards were missing due to the fact that installation organization did not transfer them to the management company;

– there was no backup power supply to the ACU, which in the event of a power outage could lead to a shutdown of the central heating system;

– adjustment and adjustment work and noise reduction measures were not carried out;

– there was no maintenance of the automatic control unit.

As a result of these errors and violations, in houses with installed automatic control units, numerous complaints from residents arose about the heating system not warming up and noise from the operation of the equipment.

All of the above was made possible due to poor organization of work and lack of proper control on the part of the customer over all stages of the process of implementing automated control systems. The author hopes that the published article will help avoid similar mistakes in the future, both in Moscow and in other cities.

When implementing an automatic control system, it is necessary to clearly organize the work of design organizations, relevant construction, installation and repair and maintenance services, carefully check the issued technical specifications for compliance with actual data, conduct technical supervision at each stage of work and immediately after completion of installation begin maintenance of the automatic control system by a specialized organization. . Otherwise, downtime of expensive ACU equipment or its unqualified maintenance will lead to failure, loss of technical documentation and other negative consequences.

Effective use of ACU

The use of AAU is most effective in the following cases:

– in houses with subscribed elevator units heating systems directly connected to city main heating networks;

– in end houses connected to central heating stations with insufficient pressure drop in the central heating system with mandatory installation central heating pumps;

- in houses with gas water heaters(with decentralized hot water supply) and central heating.

The ADU should be installed comprehensively, using the cluster method, covering all residential and non-residential buildings connected to the central heating point without exception.

Installation and commissioning of the heating system and ACU equipment must be carried out simultaneously.

It should be noted that, along with the installation of automatic control units, the following measures are quite effective:

– transfer of central heating substations with a dependent circuit for connecting heating systems to an independent circuit with installation in heating point membrane expansion tank;

– installation in a central heating substation with a dependent connection circuit of equipment for automatic control of heat supply (AVR ZSO), similar to an ACU;

– adjustment of intra-block central heating networks with the installation of design elevator nozzles and throttle diaphragms at the input and distribution nodes of buildings;

– transfer of dead-end hot water supply systems to circulation circuits.

In general, the operation of exemplary ACUs showed that the use of ACUs in conjunction with balancing valves on the risers of the central heating system, with thermostatic valves on each heating device and carrying out insulation measures allows saving up to 25–37% of thermal energy and ensuring comfortable conditions residence in each room.

Literature

1. Grudzinsky M. M., Prizhizhetsky S. I. Energy-efficient heating systems // “ABOK”. – 1999. – No. 6.

2. Granovsky V. L., Prizhizhetsky S. I. Heating system for residential buildings of mass construction and reconstruction with integrated automation of heat consumption // “ABOK”. – 2002. – No. 5.

Thanks to an automated heat supply control unit (ACU), installed in the basement of the house, residents can save from 20 to 30 percent of heat, depending on technical condition Houses. Such equipment is considered one of the most effective solutions in reducing the cost of housing and communal services.

The introduction of AMU significantly reduces the monthly payments of residents of both multi-apartment and private households. The equipment allows you to monitor fluctuations in external air temperature and controls the amount and temperature of coolant supplied to the house. To control operation in real time, the equipment is equipped with a dispatch system. The operation of this system allows you to avoid excessive supply of coolant or the so-called “overflow”, which residents often complain about with the arrival of the first warm days.

Heat suppliers are forced to supply more energy to the house than is necessary, since the equipment in boiler rooms does not allow them to quickly respond to changes in outside air temperature. To lower the temperature in their apartments, many open windows, thereby heating the street at their own expense and at the expense of their neighbors. The overflow effect is especially visible through a thermal imager, and the consequences are reflected in heating bills that are inflated by about 30 percent.

ASU is expensive equipment, but there is a mechanism that provides for its installation at the expense of the energy service company. At the same time, compensation for investors' costs for the purchase and installation of equipment is carried out at the expense of the savings obtained. The contract is concluded for a period of 3 to 5 years, depending on the volume of consumption and the amount of savings achieved. Upon expiration of the contract installed equipment is transferred free of charge to residents in good working order.

And most importantly, residents will never have to pay for excess heat at their own expense, regardless of the street temperature or its fluctuations.

What you need to do to install ACU for free

1. It is necessary to hold a general meeting of homeowners to conclude an agreement with representatives of the energy service company.
2. The energy service company, based on the decision of the residents’ meeting, signs an agreement for the free installation of energy-saving equipment.
3. The energy service company carries out work on the installation of automatic control units and related energy-saving measures.
4. For the duration of the contract, the amount of payment for heating will remain the same, but savings due to rational heat consumption will be distributed between residents and the energy service company: part of the income will go to compensate the company’s costs, and part to the residents of the house.
5. At the end of the contract, all savings received will remain with the residents.