History test of World War 2. Rare questions about the Second World War

Levitan's reports and messages were not recorded during the Great Patriotic War. Only in the 1950s was a special recording of them for history organized.

Which Jews were allowed to serve in the army of Nazi Germany?

In Nazi Germany, Jews were people who had at least three Jewish grandparents. They were deprived of citizenship, the right to hold public office and serve in the army. However, if there were only 1 or 2 Jewish grandparents, the person was considered half-breed and was called the term "Mischlinge". Thousands of Mischlinge served in the German army as soldiers and officers, some of them among the generals. At one time, German newspapers published a photograph of an ideal German soldier - blue-eyed blond in a helmet. This soldier was Werner Goldberg, whose father was Jewish.

Why was one dog carried in the arms of a Stalinist overcoat at the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945?

During World War II, trained dogs actively helped sappers clear mines. One of them, nicknamed Dzhulbars, was discovered while clearing mines in European countries in the last year of the war, 7468 mines and more than 150 shells. Shortly before the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, Dzhulbars was injured and could not participate in the military dog school. Then Stalin ordered the dog to be carried across Red Square on his overcoat.

Who tried to sail a submarine with a sail and when?

In 1942, the Soviet submarine Shch-421 was blown up by a German anti-submarine mine, losing speed and the ability to dive. To prevent the ship from being carried ashore by the enemy, it was decided to sew a sail and raise it on the periscope. However, it was no longer possible to sail to the base, and it was not even possible to tow the submarine with the help of other ships. After the appearance of German torpedo boats, the crew was evacuated and the submarine was scuttled.

What were military armored tires?

It is known that in the wars of the 19th century, the First and Second World Wars, many countries used armored trains. However, in addition to this, they tried to fight with the help of individual combat units - armored tires. They were almost like tanks, but limited in movement only by rails.

What factor was decisive in the choice of Nagasaki for a nuclear strike by American troops?

If the city of Hiroshima was originally chosen by the Americans main goal the first atomic strike on Japan, then the city of Nagasaki, one might say, was unlucky. The target of the second bomb drop was the town of Kokura, but due to heavy clouds, the American pilot decided to act as a backup option and attack Nagasaki.

Why did the Pentagon initially have twice as many toilets as needed?

In some Hollywood films about World War II you can see that American soldiers different races fight side by side. This is not true, since racial segregation in the US Army was only abolished in 1948. Racial divisions also played a role in the construction of the Pentagon, which took place in 1942 - separate toilets were built there for whites and blacks, and total there were twice as many toilets as needed. True, the signs “for whites” and “for blacks” were never hung thanks to the intervention of President Roosevelt.

Which episode in the film “Operation Y” was filmed by Gaidai based on personal army experience?

Leonid Gaidai was drafted into the army in 1942 and first served in Mongolia, where he trained horses for the front. One day a military commissar came to the unit to recruit reinforcements for the active army. To the officer’s question: “Who’s in the artillery?” - Gaidai replied: “I am!” He also answered other questions: “Who is in the cavalry?”, “In the navy?”, “In reconnaissance?”, which displeased the boss. “Just wait, Gaidai,” said the military commissar, “Let me read out the whole list.” Later, the director adapted this episode for the film “Operation Y and Shurik’s Other Adventures.”

What fairy-tale role did Georgy Millyar play with almost no makeup?

Georgy Millyar played almost all the evil spirits in Soviet fairy-tale films, and every time he was given complex makeup. Millyar hardly needed him only for the role of Kashchei the Immortal. The actor was naturally thin; in addition, during World War II, he contracted malaria while being evacuated to Dushanbe, turning into a living skeleton weighing 45 kilograms.

How did Edith Piaf help French prisoners of war escape from German camps?

During the occupation, the French singer Edith Piaf performed in prisoner-of-war camps in Germany, after which she took souvenir photographs with them and German officers. Then in Paris, the faces of the prisoners of war were cut out and pasted into false documents. Piaf went to the camp on a return visit and secretly smuggled these passports, with which some prisoners managed to escape.

Who and where carried out partisan activities until 1974, not knowing about the end of World War II?

In 1944, Japanese army junior lieutenant Onoda Hiro was ordered to lead a guerrilla force on the Philippine island of Lubang. Having lost his soldiers in battle, Onoda managed to survive and disappeared into the jungle. In 1974, Onoda Hiro was found on the same island where he was still conducting partisan activities. Not believing in the end of the war, the lieutenant refused to lay down his arms. And only when Onoda’s immediate commander arrived on the island and ordered to surrender, he came out of the jungle, admitting the defeat of Japan.

Whose Nobel medals were hidden from the Nazis in dissolved form?

In Nazi Germany it was prohibited to accept Nobel Prize after the Peace Prize was awarded to the opponent of National Socialism, Karl von Ossietzky, in 1935. German physicists Max von Laue and James Frank entrusted the custody of their gold medals to Niels Bohr. When the Germans occupied Copenhagen in 1940, the chemist de Hevesy dissolved these medals in aqua regia. After the end of the war, de Hevesy extracted the gold hidden in the aqua regia and donated it to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. New medals were made there and re-presented to von Laue and Frank.

Why did Canada give one of the maternity hospital wards in Ottawa status outside Canadian jurisdiction in 1943?

During World War II, the Germans occupied the Netherlands and the royal family was evacuated to Canada. There, the current Queen Juliana gave birth to her third daughter, Margrit. The ward in the maternity hospital where the birth took place was declared outside Canadian jurisdiction by a special decree of the Canadian government. This was done so that Princess Margriet could lay claim to the throne of the Netherlands in the future, because having received foreign citizenship at birth, she would have lost this right. In gratitude to the Canadians after returning home, the Dutch royal family sends thousands of tulip bulbs every year to Ottawa, where the annual tulip festival takes place.

How did a sailor manage to survive on a raft in the ocean for 133 days without any supplies of water or food?

In 1942, a German submarine sank a British merchant ship. The sailor of Chinese origin, Pun Lim, who served on it, managed to jump overboard wearing a life jacket, and then found a free raft in the water. The small supplies of water and cookies on the raft quickly ran out. Sailor drifting on a raft on Atlantic Ocean, collected rainwater and ate raw fish, which he caught with an improvised fishing rod, and once he managed to catch a seagull and suck the blood out of it. So he sailed for 133 days until the raft washed up on the Brazilian coast. Lim lost just 9kg and was immediately able to walk without assistance.

Why did Stalin give Roosevelt a copy of the film “Volga, Volga”?

In 1942, Stalin invited the US Ambassador to watch the film “Volga, Volga” with him. Tom liked the film, and Stalin gave President Roosevelt a copy of the film through him. Roosevelt watched the film and did not understand why Stalin sent him. Then he asked to translate the lyrics. When a song dedicated to the steamship “Sevryuga” was played: “America gave a steamship to Russia: / Steam from the bow, wheels at the back, / And terrible, and terrible, / And a terribly quiet move,” he exclaimed: “Now it’s clear!” Stalin reproaches us for our quiet progress, for the fact that we have not yet opened a second front.”

What Japanese managed to survive two atomic bombings in a row?

On August 6, 1945, Japanese engineer Tsutomu Yamaguchi was among those in Hiroshima during the atomic bombing of the city. After spending the night in a bomb shelter, he returned to his hometown, Nagasaki, the next day and was exposed to a second atomic blast. Until the beginning of 2010, Yamaguchi remained the last living person officially recognized as a victim of the two bombings mentioned at once.

Which soldiers from eastern Muslim countries fought on the side of Hitler's army?

Hitler's army included several units composed of Muslims. The most exotic was the Free India Legion (‘Freies Indien’), most of whose soldiers came from the Muslim parts of India and the territories of modern Pakistan and Bangladesh, who were captured by the Nazis in North Africa.

Why was St. Isaac's Cathedral almost undamaged during the war?

During the years of the Great Patriotic War, St. Isaac's Cathedral was never subjected to direct shelling - only once did a shell hit the western corner of the cathedral. According to the military, the reason is that the Germans used the highest dome of the city as a target for shooting. It is unknown whether the city leadership was guided by this assumption when they decided to hide in the basement of the cathedral valuables from other museums that had not been removed before the start of the blockade. But as a result, both the building and the valuables were safely preserved.

Where were aircraft carriers built from ice?

When the Allies were preparing to land in Europe, given the shortage of metal, they seriously considered the project of building a fleet of huge aircraft carriers made of ice. It came down to a real prototype - a smaller copy of an aircraft carrier made from a frozen mixture of water and sawdust, but large similar ships were never built.

Why did the British spread the belief that carrots directly improve vision?

Vitamin A contained in carrots is important for healthy skin, growth, and vision. However, there is no direct connection between eating carrots and good eyesight. This belief began in World War II. The British developed a new radar that allowed pilots to see German bombers at night. To hide the existence of this technology, the British Air Force circulated press reports that such a vision was the result of carrot diet pilots.

What game is famous for the game that was not interrupted during the atomic bombing?

August 6, 1945, when it was dropped on Hiroshima atomic bomb, a game of Go was taking place in the suburbs for one of the most honorable Japanese titles. The blast wave broke the glass and left the room in chaos, but the players restored the stones on the board and played the game to the end.

Who used Indians as code talkers?

In both world wars, the Americans used Indians of different tribes as radio operators. The Germans and Japanese, intercepting radio messages, could not decipher them. In World War II, for the same purposes, the Americans used the Basque language, which is very little widespread in Europe with the exception of the Basque country in northern Spain.

On classroom hours Over the course of six months, as a general introduction to the WWII offensive and counter-offensive plans, dates, and heroic struggles, students were familiarized with the materials of a quiz in the form of a catechism. This is how teams of 5 brain ring venues were formed.

This is the first introductory stage of working with students.

At the second stage, meetings were held with WWII veterans who were invited to join the jury of the competition from the Moscow Veterans Council. Generals who participated in WWII: A.I. Vlasov, A.N. Rapota. A.I. Vlasov edited the quiz materials, gave a fiery speech in honor of the Russian winners, talked about his work as a miner, and how he “passed” minefields with his hands. A.N. Rapota revealed the content of the staff work. The beneficial effect of the meetings on the students was noticeable: uniforms, fluency in the material, tears of memories.

The third stage involved viewing the doc. films: “ Battle awards WWII” and “WWII military equipment”.

The fourth stage is Brain Ring of 5 teams of 8–10 people.

Brain Ring tasks.

1. Questions - a general “machine gun” on the bright facts of the history of the Second World War, where unambiguous answers are required. Each task has its own score in maximum points.

2. Defense of the motto, team emblem, presentation of the team captain.

3. Captains' competition “No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten” Here the names of WWII heroes are printed on 6 cards. The captains choose numbered cards and name their merits in turn. The pace and completeness of the answer are taken into account.

4. Work on contour maps of the European part of the USSR. 6 “empty” blanks have been prepared where it is necessary to schematically indicate in two colors the plans for the offensive and counter-main battles of the Second World War. This is a task for the whole group and is graded on content and time.

5. The names of code operations are distributed on identical cards; this is a task for the whole group, assessed by content and time

6. Tasks for the group: dates, commanders and leaders, bridgeheads and milestones are indicated on identical cards, work is assessed by content and time.

7. The artistic part of the competition includes a task on reaction speed “The Muses Were Not Silent”, a task on posters where reproductions of monuments with lyrics about war are pasted; you must either sing or continue the lyrics of the songs, indicate the location, name, and author of the monument.

The fifth stage of the competition takes place in a month in the form of conferences.

Subjects of reports:

Myths, versions about the Second World War.
The main reasons and price of VICTORY in the Second World War.
Who benefited from the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
Intelligence service.
Captivity, concentration camp regime, loss statistics.
Historical memory of the war in my family.
Fine battalions.
Trench and headquarters truth about the war.
My favorite book about war.
My favorite war film.

I didn’t even imagine that modern students would show a genuine interest in military topics: they showed E. Syanova’s books, brought printouts from websites, old photographs from family albums, but the most touching thing was that newly arrived first-year students asked to show material on war. Denis Pyanykh and Vladimir Pechnikov became winners of the competition, although one seemed “quiet” to me, and the other a cynical student. For me, the daughter of a war veteran and company commander, the topic of war seems limitless and bitter, relevant and little-known.

1. How many countries took part in the war?
(61)

2. How many million people took part in the war?
(110 million)

3. What are the human losses in war?
(65–67 million)

4. What were the losses of the USSR population in the war?
(Direct 27–30 million, indirect – 50 million; less than 3% remains from the first draft in 1941).

5. What is the periodization of the Second World War? What is the periodization of the Second World War?
– A: September 1, 1939 – December 1941 - expanding German aggression;
– B: November 1942 – January 1944 – the time of a radical change, when the initiative to conduct combat passed to the Red Army;
– In: January 1944 – September 1945 – the final stage of the defeat of fascism. During the Great Patriotic War, victories in the Battle of Stalingrad and the Kursk Bulge.
– G: WWII – June 22, 1941 – May 09, 1945).

6. What is the meaning behind these dates?
– September 1, 1939 (German attack on Poland and the beginning of the Second World War);
– June 22, 1941 (German attack on the USSR, the beginning of the Patriotic War);
– 09/08/41 – January 1944 (Siege of Leningrad)
– July 10 – September 10, 1941 (Battle of Smolensk; it can be considered the first line of defense of Moscow).
– July 11 – September 14, 1941 (Defense of Kyiv and encirclement of a large group of the Red Army);
– August 5 – October 10, 1941 (Defense of Odessa);
– September 30 – December 5, 1941 – April 20, 1942 (Defensive and offensive stages of the Battle of Moscow);
– October 30, 1941 – July 4, 1942 (Defense of Sevastopol);
– July 17-November 18, 1942 – February 2, 1943 (Defensive and offensive stages Battle of Stalingrad; 3 days of mourning were declared for her in Germany for the first time);
– July 5 – August 23, 1943 (Battle of Kursk);
– August 5, 1943 (First salute in honor of the victories of the Red Army, Orel);
– August 22 – December 1943 (Battle for Kyiv, crossing of the Dnieper);
– March 26, 1944 (The Red Army reaches the border with Romania);
– June 6, 1944 (The second front was opened in northern Europe);
– April 24 – May 1, 1945 (encirclement of Berlin);
– April 30, 1945 (The Red Banner was hoisted over the Reichstag);
– May 05–09, 1945 (Destruction of the fascist group in Prague);
– May 09, 1945 (Victory Day)
– September 2, 194 (The Reims Pact of Japan’s surrender was signed, this is the day the Second World War ended).

7. Name Germany’s allies in the 30s of the 20th century.
(Italy, Japan, Romania 1940, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Finland).

8. Name the hotbeds of aggression that spoke of preparations for war and violation of the Versailles treaty system.
(Japan: provocations against the USSR in the area of Lake Khasan - the area of Mount Bezymyannaya near Vladivostok (1938) and on the Khalkhin Gol River in Mongolia (1939); invasion of Northern and Central China, planning to seize all of Indochina (from 1937);
Germany: (capture of 50 km of the Rhineland (1935); annexation of Austria in 1938, Anschluss of Czechoslovakia in 1938 - or condoning German aggression or apologizing for “Versailles”?).
Italy: capture of Ethiopia (1935), then Albania, and before the war attacked Greece.

These countries called themselves the “Anti-Comintern Pact”, thereby emphasizing their anti-communist orientation).

9. How did liberal democratic Europe react to the facts of aggression?

(England and France concluded mutual assistance treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia (1935). The USSR wished to join them, but the smaller countries flatly refused. The USSR also in 1937 concluded treaties with France, Czechoslovakia (only subject to simultaneous participation), with Mongolia, with China. The League of Nations discussed the definition of the aggressor, but without any sanctions against him. However, it organized assistance to revolutionary Spain in 1936 from 54 countries. In 1939, negotiations began on a collective security system in Moscow: USSR - England - France, but they ended without result because the status of the English-French representatives did not correspond).

10. Why did the 1939 negotiations between the USSR - England - France end with the USSR deciding to sign an agreement with the aggressor country - Germany: the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact with secret agreements on the division of small countries: Poland and the Baltic states?

A: England conducted secret negotiations with Germany (Hess’s mission) and demanded from it guarantees of an end to expansion in Europe in exchange for - what? (This is still classified!). What is known is that Germany hoped to regain its colonies;

B: The USSR suspected England of playing a double game, especially since it did not take into account any territorial claims THE USSR. Of course, no one in the USSR was talking about the world revolution and the export of revolution, but the Curzon Line - the buffer zone between capitalism and socialism - was remembered in all the Foreign Ministries, and this zone included those lands Tsarist Russia which were lost in 1920 by the Soviets. Everyone suspected each other, and everyone had their own interests first).

11. Which countries did not fall under the shadow of the swastika, i.e. did they remain neutral?
(Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Türkiye).

12. What were the true goals of the USSR and Germany under the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact? What assessments can be given to the pact of August 23, 1939 and the Treaty on Friendship and Borders of September 28, 1919? Who is to blame for starting the war?

A: Germany is avoiding a war on two fronts, the USSR does not limit its actions in any way, the USSR has weak combat effectiveness after repressions in the army, when 80% of the senior officers were destroyed, the USSR will supply Germany with strategic raw materials and products, the pact freed Germany’s hands in Europe, and at the expense of Europe it increased its military potential 5-6 times. Hitler beat Stalin.? Or did Stalin delay the attack on the USSR? What was the reaction to the Pact of 08.23.39 from the international communist movement (Comintern)? In 1935 there was the Congress of the Comintern, where the ideology and practice of fascism was condemned! It is obvious that the USSR has lost friends and agents.

B: The USSR in Poland will get its way - new territories will push back the borders, the capitalists will exhaust each other with a protracted war, and then the conditions will be dictated by the USSR “with the rattling of armor, shining with the brilliance of steel,” the Red Army will go on a furious campaign so that all of Europe becomes proletarian. V. Nabokov wrote: “get rid of it, I beg you, the soul will not forgive anyone for aggression.” But the division did not end in Poland: the USSR captured Bukovina - Hitler sent troops into Romania and ordered to give Transylvania to Hungary, Dobruja to Bulgaria, plans for the division of the Balkans were discussed and Middle East. This is the practice of division.

The conclusion suggests itself: at first England and France pursued a policy of condoning aggression, a policy of pacifying aggression, mainly directing it to the east, towards Soviet Russia, and then the USSR took the path of aggression: for example, the Soviet-Finnish winter war of November 1939 - March 1940. The USSR ceases hostilities without crossing the main line - the Mannerheim Line, because England threatened to bomb Baku. The Versailles system robbed the German people and gave rise to the idea of revanchism and the idea of Nazism, the antagonism of socialism and capitalism; pursued a policy of flirting with the aggressor; revealed the immoral and cynical calculations of the leaders of totalitarian regimes.

13. Is there evidence that the USSR itself was preparing for a preventive, preemptive strike?
(There are recordings of conversations (not all archives are open yet), but the statistics on the preparation of a war with little blood on foreign territory are well known: on the border strip of 200 km without cover there were 14 thousand wagons of ammunition, 4.3 thousand wagons of weapons, 100 tons fuel, 1.5 thousand KV and T-26 tanks, 7-8 thousand guns, 6,000,247 divisions, 12 thousand aircraft, 1,200 aircraft destroyed on the first day!But there is also evidence that, according to the Charter, border outposts must contain enemy 15-20 minutes - before the arrival of troops, but we also remember the Brest Fortress, where fierce fighting took place for more than a month.

14. What did Germany receive from the USSR under the agreement?
(52% of exports went to Germany, 50% phosphates, 62% chromium, 40% manganese, 75% oil, 77% grain, 2.4 tons of platinum...).

15. How did the Wehrmacht campaign unfold after the 35-day war in Poland?
(Belgium - 19 days, Denmark - 1 day, Norway - 63 days, Holland - 5 days, France 44 days, the air battle for England lasted 9 months, also the FAA attack in 1944 and England survived.)

16. When was the Barbarossa plan developed?
(July-December 1940).

17. What was the content of the Barbarossa plan?
– The strategic basis is a lightning-fast capture plan: in 6-8 weeks, reach the Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line with three groups: North, Center, South.
– Tactical basis: under air cover, tanks carry out breakthroughs, followed by motorized infantry;
– Biological basis: the destruction and resettlement of peoples in order of their usefulness, the mechanisms of crimes against humanity are recorded in the Ost plan – Goering’s green folder.

18. In which centers did 18 million people die? Are these symbols of the shame and pain of humanity?
(Auschwitz, Majdanek, Treblinka, Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, Ravensbrüt, Olomoutz, Mauthausen... 1100 concentration camps, 18 million passed through them, 12 million died, of which 3.3 million were Soviet people).

19. What tactics did the Red Army develop after overcoming the shock of the breakthroughs of German troops?
(There is no nearby reserve, pillboxes and bunkers in the rear of the Germans, fear of captivity and encirclement, lack of communications, sufficient weapons, lack of food, forced us to switch to forced defense.)

20. What is the tragedy of Katyn?

(Approximately 244,000 prisoners in the conquered territories, some of the soldiers were released, and approximately 22,000 people among the Polish intelligentsia, the USSR command decided to shoot them, 60,000 were exiled to Siberia and Kazakhstan; the rest went to Krainova’s army (since 1942), which will subsequently act on the side of the Allies. Those executed were buried in Katyn, in the village of Mednoe (near Tver), in the forests near Kharkov.)

21. What ultimatum did Germany present to Poland, having a prepared plan for conquest - the “Weiss” plan?
(Poland must join the Anti-Comintern Pact, transfer the city of Danzig (Gdansk) and the Polish corridor to the Baltic Sea, which “cut” German lands according to the decisions of the Versailles system.

22. For what reason did a joint German-Soviet military parade take place in Brest on September 22, 1940?
(Regarding the victory over Poland, the parade was hosted by Brigade Commander S. Krivoshchein and General Guderian. Or was it just the end of joint exercises?)

23. Which formations of the Red Army were able to resist against superior enemy forces?
(Northern Front - delayed the offensive under the leadership of Lieutenant M. Popov; the defenders of Liepaja - the rifle division of General M. P. Dedaev; near Novgorod, Manstein’s army was held back by the mechanized corps of General I. Chernyakhovsky; 41- M. Mikushev's division defended Rava-Russa for 2 weeks; N. Dementyev's division - Przemysl; General Guderian - when crossing the Berezina, the motorized rifles of A. Lizyukov and A. Kreiser were held back; in the first days, Kleist's army lost 42 tanks; the city of Vladimir-Volynsky defended artillery brigade K. Moskalenko; the mechanized corps of General Ryabyshev did not allow the mechanized corps to break through to Kiev. From this we conclude: given the catastrophic situation in the organization of resistance to the Red Army, the soldiers fulfilled their duty, even when they lost technical contact with Headquarters).

24. What losses did the Red Army armies suffer during the summer-autumn period of 1941?
(18 thousand aircraft, 25 thousand tanks, 100 thousand guns and mortars, 248 divisions - 6 armies, 65 million occupied, 3.8 million captured.)

25. How did Headquarters react to the situation of retreat?
(On August 4, 1941, Order No. 270 appears, according to which the prisoners are called traitors. And such “traitors” were declared to be Lt. Gen. Ponedelin, Lt. Gen. Kachalov, who had already fallen in battle, Gen.– Lieutenant Kirillov, who covered the withdrawal (upset, posthumously rehabilitated in 1956), gene. D. Pavlov and his deputy, who were shot for the surrender of Minsk on June 28, 1941; 60 thousand officers were convicted for retreating in the initial phase of the war. According to Order No. 227 of July 28, 1942, during the breakthrough to Stalingrad, the directive “Not a step back!” was announced, and penal battalions and barrier detachments were organized. At the same time, evacuation and the formation of reserves and bunkers (up to 37 m deep) were carried out.

26. What were the results of German aggression before the attack on the USSR?
(In Europe, only Great Britain stood against fascism; in Asia, according to the Cantokuen plan, Japan controls the territory from N. Guinea to the Aleutian Islands, occupying Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Burma, Indonesia, and the Philippines. One can imagine the raw materials and other riches were treacherously received by Japan from these territories, and now the Japanese declare an intellectual breakthrough of their nation, and indicate claims against the USSR regarding Kuril Islands. Germany gains full control in the Balkans, in Africa there is varying success (Rommil’s African Corps did not reach the Suez Canal), Greece managed to recapture part of Albania from Italy, 10 Ital. armies were defeated by British troops under the command of General. A. Wavell).

27. What is the content of the Atlantic Charter (September 1941)?

(Great Britain, the USA, the USSR and representatives of the progressive forces of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Poland, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Norway, Luxembourg, France - publicly proclaimed the goals of the fight against fascist aggression. The US Senate adopted the Lend-Lease program - free military assistance to those fighting against fascism countries. Under this program, the USSR was supposed to receive: 100 bombers, 300 fighters, 800 tanks, 1 billion dollars in interest-free loans. Negotiations on assistance to the USSR from England began on July 12, 1941. It is believed that this was an attempt to prevent possible separate agreements of the USSR -Germany, however, material assistance arrived only after the Battle of Moscow (except for 50 British tanks).

28. The name and goals of the three Wehrmacht groups according to the Barbarossa plan? Who led the fronts closing the border of the USSR?
(– Group “North” (Feld-General Leeb) – LENINGRAD – Northern Front – General L. M. Popov, North-Western – General F. Kuznetsov and General G. Sobennikov
– Group “Center” (General Feld von Bock) – MOSCOW – Western Front – General D. Pavlov – shot;
– Group “South” (General Feld von Runstedt) – UKRAINE and the CAUCASUS – South-West: General – Regiment – M. Kirponos – died, Southern – General I. Tyulenev).

29. Who led the naval forces of the USSR?
(Northern Fleet - Adm. A. Golovko, Baltic Vice Adm. V. Tributs, Black Sea Fleet - Vice Adm. F. Oktyabrsky. The fleets had the least losses - they received the General Staff directive on full combat readiness in just 2 hours before the start of the war.)

30. What are the results of the offensive operations of the Wehrmacht in the summer of 1941?
– The “North” group did not achieve its main goal - to surround the city in 80 days, break up warehouses, cause a hunger riot and an uprising against Soviet power. The surrounded city worked and fought, not allowing forces to be transferred to other directions;
- “South” was repulsed by a counter-attack by the defenders of Kiev, the enemy makes a roundabout maneuver in the direction of Odessa, where he broke through to the city, the city holds out for 70 days, until October 16, then the attack is carried out on Sevastopol - 200 days of defense divert the Wehrmacht forces from the center to the south, . The “Center” helps here, and the Wehrmacht General Staff will later recognize this as Hitler’s fatal mistake.
– Kleist’s 2nd Panzer Army from Zhitomir and Guderian’s 2nd Panzer Army from the gr. After 2.5 months, the “Center” was surrounded by 660 thousand from the southwestern front. Front Commander M.P. Kirponos fell in battle, there were cases of suicide in this tragedy. Group “South” gains operational space: it advances on Poltava, Crimea, Kharkov.
– Group “Center” performed main task: to capture and destroy Moscow and the path to the goal lay through Smolensk. On June 28, Minsk fell, on July 16, Smolensk was taken, 330 thousand were surrounded by outflanking wedges - the 16th army of General M. Lukin and the 20th army of General P. Kurochkin are actively trying to break through the defense. Here, the Headquarters allocates the reserves of K. Rokossovsky, V. Khomenko, S. Kalinin, I. Maslennikov, V. Kachalov. The Katyusha battalion was tested for the first time near Orsha. The Wehrmacht is about to reform, because... has 40% losses. Headquarters is preparing the 2nd line of defense: Bryansk - Vyazma; enters the Bryansk Western and Reserve Fronts, and on September 27 gives orders for a tough defense. On October 3, “Center” unleashed a tank attack of such force that the Bryansk Front could not contain it. On October 3–7, the Bryansk Front under General A. Eremenko was surrounded. “Vyazemsky Cauldron” – 650 thousand Russian prisoners! And S. Budyonny’s Reserve Front simply crumbled. The breakthrough of the Western Front by I. Konev and access to the rear led to the encirclement of 5 Russian armies - due to the fault of Headquarters. In June, commanders did not yet know where their armies and headquarters were located. The rear of the Western Front was on the Mozhaisk line (100 km from Moscow), and German units approached it already on October 10. In response to a request for permission to withdraw to more fortified lines, I. Konev received a categorical “no” from I. Stalin, as a result - on the 500 km line there was nothing to defend Moscow’s borders: the 3rd Mozhaisk defense line was hastily formed under the command of K. Zhukov, transferred from near Leningrad October 5, 1941; the wagons of the Ural-Siberian reserve were still on the way.

31. Why didn’t the Wehrmacht General Staff decide to break through in a straight line, since the highways were not guarded?
(It is known that the pedantic German generals worked out the tactics of wide tank encirclements and decided not to take risks - not to expose the flanks that form during breakthroughs. It was decided to close the tank “wings” near Noginsk, with the support of aviation. Hitler more than once indicated to the generals that he did not need territory - he needed to destroy the Red Army, but in this he miscalculated: the closer the enemy came to Moscow, the stronger the resistance became).

32. October 6, 1941 Headquarters creates the Mozhaisk defense line. What fronts were formed to protect the near borders of Moscow?
(Kalininsky - general I. Konev, Western and Reserve - G. Zhukov, and Tula section).

33. Which armies were part of the Western Main Front, which held the main defense of Moscow?
(- 16th - General K. Rokossovsky (Volokolamsk; - G. Zhukov said about this army that it constitutes half the front);
– 5th – gen. D. Lelyushenko and General Lieutenant L. Govorov (Mozhaisk);
– 33rd – General M. Efremova (Naro-Fominsk);
– 43rd – gen. K. Golubeva (Maloyaroslavets);
– 49th – gen. I. Zakharkina (Serpukhov) - the listed generals gained experience in the Vyazemsky region;
– 316th Division – General. I. Panfilova (Volokolomsk);
– 32nd Division – General. V. Polosukhina, who passed Khasan and Borodino;
– 1st motor building floor. A. Lizyukova (Naro-Fominsk);
– 78th – Siberian gene. A. Beloborodova (Dedovsk).)

34. What was the name of the Wehrmacht’s plan to capture Moscow? When was it adopted?
(“Typhoon”, September 1941, it was disrupted near Smolensk, Moscow was to be taken in July.)

35. What was repeatedly warned about Soviet intelligence Richard Sorge, “Red Chapel”?
(About Germany’s treacherous attack on the USSR. The Kremlin did not trust the intelligence data, because the date indicated was May 15. At this time, problems arose with Germany’s ally, Italy, in Greece, and the Wehrmacht postponed the date of the offensive.)

36. What are the dates of the Wehrmacht’s offensive operations on the defensive lines of the Red Army near Moscow?
(Is the headquarters planning offensive operations to divert forces from the “Center” group? (September 30, October 3, November 15, 1941 Tikhvin, Rostov were liberated. Hitler arrives in Donbass on November 17 - to save the situation.)

37. Name the defensive lines in front of Moscow.
(Vyazma - Bryansk, Mozhaiskaya line, in Moscow itself: the Okrug Railway, the Garden and Boulevard Rings.)

38. When was the Appeal to the Soviet people regarding Germany’s declaration of war?
(Molotov spoke on June 22, and Stalin gathered his courage only ... July 3, and in the Address he switched to the language of a church sermon (“Brothers and sisters...”), not forgetting to add that Hitler was returning the power of the landowners and tsarism. But tsarism did not destroy its his own people. I. Stalin underestimated Hitler’s genocide against the Slavs and people of non-Aryan nationality, probably because in September 1939 he drank to his health...).

39. When did Headquarters give the order to retreat?
(After the disaster (encirclement) near Vyazma - on the night of October 6, 1941. At this time, the Wehrmacht was preparing a tank breakthrough.)

40. What was the tempo of the Wehrmacht’s advance?
(June – July 30–65 km/day, October 5–7 km/day, November 1–2 km/day. On November 7, it was noted that German troops switched to trench positional tactics.)

41. What are the extreme points of the breakthroughs of fascist troops along the Mozhaisk line?
(Kubinka on December 1, Volokolamsk - Kryukovo on November 25–30, Yakhroma - Dmitrov on November 28. The fiercest battles took place here. G. Zhukov personally came to Kryukovo, because from this point it was only 25 km to Moscow - the distance of an artillery shot There was a breakthrough by Wehrmacht motorized infantry 15 km from the Kremlin, but it was destroyed.)

42. Name the main defensive units of the Red Army in mid-October. (Mozhaisk, Volokolamsk, Maloyaroslavets, Tula.)

43. Who commanded the parade of Red Army troops on November 7, 1941? (The commander of the district was P. Artemyev, the Parade was hosted by S. Budyonny. 200 tanks passed from the reserve, which Zhukov “begged” Stalin to give as reinforcements. And from the Parade, these tanks immediately entered direct combat.)

45. When did radio broadcasting stop in Moscow?
(October 16. This provoked panic, chaos, and excesses until October 20, 1941. The NKVD suppressed these sentiments. Moscow became a front-line workers’ city.)

46. Where was it planned to transfer the Soviet Government?
(To Kuibyshev, to Siberia. There was a version that I. Stalin walked along the platform, but did not dare to leave.)

47. Was the surrender of Moscow allowed by the Soviet command?
(Yes. Detachments were created to mine the city. Hitler planned to make a lake out of Moscow, and marble had already been brought to Moscow for future monuments to the Fuhrer.)

48. What was the ratio of the military forces of the USSR and Germany at the beginning of October?
(In manpower - 2 times, in equipment - 3 times, in the Air Force - 5 times, Germany was superior to the USSR. In the Klin direction there were 300 tanks and 910 guns of the Wehrmacht against our 56 and 210, respectively; In Istra - 400 tanks and 1030 guns against ours 150 and 7000; on Kashira - 400 tanks and 810 guns against ours - 45 and 315. But the USSR had fresh forces and reserves for the counter-offensive operation, which were recruited from the Volga region to Far East: 8 divisions, 20 tank brigades, 353 echelons secretly arrived in the Moscow region).

52. What were the plans for G. Zhukov’s counteroffensive near Moscow based on?
(A diversionary maneuver by a group of the Kalinin Front under the command of L. Govorov and L. Dovator (cavalry corps), at the junction of the formations of the “North” and “Center” groups, where the interaction of the German headquarters was most vulnerable. After 2 days, intelligence reported that the Germans want to eliminate the breakthrough and deploy equipment. At this time, they are followed by a blow from the Southern group of the Western Front. This shocked the Germans: they did not know about the existence of a reserve - 1 million soldiers and equipment! 3 German divisions were destroyed in a week.)

53. What indicates the speed of the counter-offensive operation of the Red Army?
(December 11 - Istra liberated, 12 - Solnechnogorsk, 15 - Klin, 16 - Kalinin, 20 - Volokolamsk, 26 - Naro-Fominsk, January 2, 1942 - Maloyaroslavets, 4 - Borovsk. And Hitler only gave the Order to retreat on January 15, not imagining the pace of the Soviet counter-offensive; probably the generals did not dare to report to the Fuhrer in time about the real losses.)

54. For the first time, the offensive operation was supported by aircraft under the control of M. Gromov. What were these small bombers called?
(“P-2”, “Petlyakovs”). Before this, the defense of the Moscow sky was carried out only by air defense. In total, 76 air raids were recorded on Moscow.

55. When does the General Staff of the fascist Center decide to go on the defensive? (01.12.1941; they did not understand that a Soviet counter-offensive was being prepared. However, do not delude yourself: in the German rear there were defensive lines - Bolkhov, Rzhev, Sukhinichi. Many Soviet soldiers died on these lines, because Headquarters after the first successes The Red Army on the 1000-km line 01/05/1942 orders the development of an offensive from Klin to Yelets along all lines of defense.Losses of the Moscow Battle: 380-400 thousand for the Red Army (out of 12 militia divisions, 5 remained.)

56. How many fronts were there during the offensive operation of the Red Army? How many regions and during what time were liberated during the counteroffensive before April 20, 1942?
(4 fronts: Kalinin, Western, Reserve, Bryansk. Regions: Moscow, Tula, partially Leningrad, Tver, Smolensk, Kursk, Oryol, Kharkov, Donetsk, Kerch. At 150–360 km, a breakthrough of the Red Army was made, although Stalin demanded to deploy offensive along the entire front line).

57. What damage did the Wehrmacht suffer during the Battle of Moscow?
(38 divisions were killed, 35 field marshals and generals were removed from command by Hitler.)

58. What awards did the soldiers and officers of the Red Army receive?
(110 - Heroes of the USSR, medal “For the Defense of Moscow” - 1 million, among them - 20,000 teenagers, 36,000 soldiers and officers - Orders, 46 divisions received the title of Guards, as well as tank corps - Katukov, Rotmistrov, Rifle named after. .I.Panfilova)

59. Name the most famous divisions that stopped the enemy in the Khimki and Nakhabino areas?
(2 divisions from the army of K. Rokossovsky: 316th division of I. Panfilov (died in November), 78th rifle division of A. Beloborodov. Political instructor V. Klochkov (Diev) is known, according to A. Krivitsky, who said: “Russia is great, but retreat nowhere: behind is Moscow!” In fact, these words belonged to I. Panfilov; his name was given to the division).

60. To what city was the British Foreign Minister Eden taken to prove the defeat of the vaunted German group?
(Wedge. In the city within a radius of 15 km there was a sea of broken equipment and corpses.)

Quiz “The Heroics of Struggle”.

In conditions of fierce battles, it is very difficult to single out brave people whose fate has become a symbol of resistance to the enemy, loyalty to duty, the Fatherland, oath, sacrifice and masculinity. G.K. Zhukov wrote in “Memoirs” that the initial period of the battle for Moscow remained the most memorable episode. That time was not conducive to revelations and deep analysis, but now these events are already called a tragedy, a shame due to many miscalculations and losses. Even enemies note the courage of ordinary people, and it is from their actions and spiritual impulses that the glory of the entire people grows. We need to remember these names and actions:

– Ilya Kuzin – the pride of the Volokolamsk detachment, demolitionist;
– Shura Chekalin – partisan detachment of the Tula region;
– Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya – reconnaissance and sabotage group of the Vereisky district, captured in the village. Petrishchevo;
– Valya Voloshina (Vera) – Naro-Fominsk district;
– Matvey Kuzmin – repeated the feat of Ivan Susanin (Velikiye Luki r., Malkino village); – Vera Porshneva;
– Kolya Stroganov from the village of Shevardino (14 years old!);
– Liza Chaikina, secretary of the underground regional committee;
– 4 Heroes of the USSR among the partisans: M. Guryanov, Z. Kosmodemyanskaya, I. Kuzin, S. Solntsev
– 13 underground printing houses; 41 partisan detachment, 377 sabotage. groups that destroyed 100 military personnel. bases, 20–30 thousand German soldiers were killed, 6 aircraft, 22 tanks, 100 guns, 300 vehicles, from 5 to 40 echelons, from 35 to 400 bridges.

1. Who was the organizer of large partisan formations?
(K. Zaslonov (Orsha), S. Kovpak and A. Saburov (Bryansk region, 1942), D. Medvedev (Oryol, Smolensk, Mogilev, Rivne, Lvov regions), Paul Siebert (N. Kuznetsov) - scout - legend, P .Masherov (Belarus). G. Krasnodon - City underground organization “Young Guard": U. Gromova, I. Zemnukhov, O. Koshevoy, S. Tyulenin, I. Turchenin, L. Shevtsova. Each of them is worthy of immortalization in bronze, stone and in canvas as a valiant image of a Citizen of the nation, like the Roman Scaevola. And the Young Guards fought in that harsh time when the Red Army had not yet won a single decisive victory!).

2. How many times was Nikolai Gastello’s feat repeated (directing a downed plane towards enemy equipment)?
(70 times! But before N. Gastello, pilots P. Chirkin, S. Airapetov, G. Khrapay sent their planes to enemy columns. Before pilot Talalikhin, pilots D. Kokarev, P. Ryabtsev were the first to carry out air rams.)

3. How many times was the feat of Alexander Matrosov – Shikiryan Mukhamedyanov repeated?
(Kunanbaeva village, Bashkiria (near Velikiye Luki, he blocked enemy fire in a bunker with his chest (according to the latest information, he climbed onto the bunker and dropped a grenade from above, and was killed by an explosion) - on the third day of his conscription!)? (200 times).

4. The Germans, retreating at a temperature of minus 20 degrees, managed to blow up the Istra Reservoir dam. What did the soldiers of battalion commander Romanov from the 78th division do?
(The soldiers waded through the freezing water, but maintained the pace of pursuit.)

5. The Reich Division, surrounding Istra, left minefields in the rear. To slow down the pace of the advance, the 258th Regiment decided to hit the rear, but came across these mines. What helped you get out of this night situation and hit the rear of the SS division?
(Commissar D.S. Kondratenko, using intuition and military experience, led the regiment 10 km in his footsteps, at night - by the light of the moon.)

6. General Guderian threw tanks at Tula 3 times, stomped around on the outskirts of Moscow for 2 months, fell into the “pincers” on Kosaya Gora and got stuck in a tank surrounded by General’s cavalry. Boldin, and was unable to close the encirclement. How long was this opening, and what did it cost Guderian?
(6–8 km. For this, Guderian received his resignation; he was replaced by Kluge, but this did not save the situation. Tula not only resisted, but also produced weapons).

7. The Germans did not touch the highway with bombs - this is the only way to Moscow, but the Sukhanov tank units burst onto the road. They moved to strong point 252. divisions (Mikhailovskoye district, Velikoluksky district). The Germans decided to remove the infantry escort with a tenfold superiority of their infantry. What in this situation ensured our victory in this hand-to-hand battle?
(Sergeant Khametov's heavy machine gun, he received the Order of Lenin; he was surprised by the sight of the Germans in hand-to-hand combat.)

8. In the Borodino region, the descendants of those who took Napoleon’s blow in 1812 fought - cadets of the military field school under the command of Lieutenant Kuznetsov, and the 32nd Red Banner Division. They, covering the retreat to the lines, crushed the enemy’s equipment and manpower, without abandoning their rifles near Moscow. Who held the defense at Raevsky's battery for a week on the Borodino field?
(Regiment Lelyushenko. Detaining the enemy until the reserve arrived from the Urals and Siberia was the main task of defensive battles.)

9. Why was G.K. Zhukov confident in the combat effectiveness of the newly arrived reserve near Moscow?
(Before the war, the Ural district was commanded by General Stern, who personally received approval from Stalin for retraining in reservist units, citing Japanese provocations. Before the war, he was denounced to the NKVD. What do we know about his future fate? (He was shot in the dungeons of the NKVD during the most intense October days for Moscow due to denunciation!)

10. The first night ram in the night sky was carried out by the deputy commander of the squadron of the 28th regiment of the 6th Army, senior lieutenant P. Eremeev, from July 28 to 29. He was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR only in 1995. But this feat has a different name. Which?
(Viktor Talalikhin. He died on October 27, 1941, the title of Hero of the USSR was awarded on August 8. Maybe it’s not so important whose name and who is first? But for his family this is very important, because there are no fathers indifferent to the feat.

11. When and where was the guard born?
(September 18, 1941, Elninsky breakthrough. On September 10, the Battle of Smolensk ended. German archives explain the inaction of tanks in that place - wheeled tanks slid over the dead bodies. On the Bogoroditsky field of the Smolensk region, people could not plow the land for a long time - human bones lay in the ground two shovels deep . When surrounded, Smolensk residents hastily left along one crossing (the bridge was bombed), made up of dead bodies. Which correspondent was an eyewitness to those events in the summer of 1941? (Konstantin Simonov. He tried to publish his war diaries, but Epishev, the head of the political department of the Army, considered they were “harmful” and closed down the publication of diaries in the 60s. Famous lines from K. Simonov’s poems: “Wait for me, and I will return...”, “Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region?..”).

12. What are Natalya Kovshova and Maria Polivanova famous for?
(They are snipers. Discovered by the Nazis, they blew themselves up.)

13. What is signalman Novikov from the 33rd Army known for?
(He discovered a broken wire, but noticed the approaching fascists, secured the broken wire with his teeth. This freed his hands, and while shooting back, he died heroically.)

14. Who laid down the traditions of the Marine Corps in the Battle of Moscow?
(The Navy gave Moscow 147 thousand sailors - an artillery division. In 13 days they covered 130 km and participated in the liberation of Solnechnogorsk. 96 commanders and soldiers were awarded orders and medals.)

15. Having surrounded Vyazma, the Germans attacked the 220 km Mozhaisk line, which was urgently filled with defenders from the Podolsk infantry and artillery schools, because there were no troops on the defensive lines (Maloyaroslavets region). How were they able to resist in such conditions against tanks and planes?
(With their training guns (30 pieces), heavy machine guns (30 pieces), mortars (20 pieces). 2 companies of Cap. G. Chernov and political instructor D. Kurochkin knocked out the enemy from trenches and pillboxes for a week, providing formations behind Mozhaisk of the Western Front. Famous and unknown heroes held back the onslaught of the enemy. But there are still no monuments that would mark each area of resistance, drenched in blood, and reflect precisely the unprecedented strain of human strength against the superior military power of the enemy.)

16. On what frontiers did the militia become a living barrier?
(30 divisions were formed - Vyazma (1941), Rzhev-Vyazma (1942).)

17. There were 7 armies in the Vyazemsky cauldron, under the command of Konev and Budyonny. But they don’t remember this, since they shamefully abandoned their troops. But - the prototype of Serpilin in the film “The Living and the Dead” - a general who fought his way through, was wounded, captured, then the Mauthausen camp, rejected Vlasov’s proposals with spitting, managed to escape, ended up in the NKVD camp in Klintsy, followed by a penal battalion , liberated Koenigsberg, Mongolia, Japan, earned... the medal “For Courage”. He was rehabilitated only after 1956. And there is still no monument to this Hero. Say his last name.
(General M. Lukin.)

18. After the liberation of Moscow, during the offensive operations of the 33rd Army, General. Efremov, the order was given to defeat (by January 11) the fortified area - the Rzhev base, with a promise to send help. Rzhev is located 150 km from Moscow. Gen Efremov's offensive formed a ledge, which the Wehrmacht cut off with tank breakthroughs, encircling the 33rd Army. But, maintaining his fighting strength, Efremov goes into the forests and demands help from Headquarters via communication. Help came...in July 1942, the Nazis took the 33rd Army in a tight ring, easily repelling any breakthroughs to it, because The 33rd Army was running out of ammunition. The army was starving and dying. Having been wounded on April 19, Gen. Efremov shot himself, and the Germans sent a group of exhausted people who ate only snow and roots into captivity. Before this capture, they solemnly buried the body of the gene in front of their soldiers, as an example of resistance. Efremova. When was Rzhev taken?
(March 2, 1943. The Red Army entered the city, from which the Germans had already secretly withdrawn their main units. This speaks of the military skill of Stalin, who gave the order to attack along the entire front line, which led to the dispersal of funds and mass tragedies.)

19. What fortress could the Nazis not take within a month, with the military supplies, water and food of its defenders dried up?
(Brest Fortress. Writer S. Smirnov spoke about it only in 1965.)

Questions - “machine gun”.

When was the eternal flame lit in the USSR in honor of VICTORY in the 1941–45 war? (1965.)
Name the cities that withstood many days of defense? (Leningrad, Brest, Odessa, Sevastopol.)
Which cities received the name “tank city” (Chelyabinsk, Perm, Nizhny Tagil.)
In honor of the liberation of which city was the first fireworks given? (Eagle, 08/05/43, 124 guns.)
When was the VICTORY parade? (June 24, 1945. Heroes of 360 regiments marched across Red Square, 200 German banners were sharply thrown back. 1000 artillery barrels fired 30 salvos.)
Who commanded the VICTORY parade and who hosted it? (K. Rokossovsky, G. Zhukov.)
Which foreigners received the Order of “VICTORY”? (I. Tito, D. Eisenhower, K. Montgomery, M. Zhimersky.)
What are the names of four heroes and three times during the Second World War? (G. Zhukov; I. Kozhedub and A. Pokryshkin - ace pilots; they accounted for 62 and 59 (respectively) downed aircraft during the Second World War.)
Who was the first to be awarded the title of Hero during the Second World War? (The crew of the plane that bombed Berlin on 08/01/41, 09/27/41. 09/30/41 - P. Kharitonov, S. Zdbrovtsev, M. Zhukov.)
When were guard ranks introduced? (May 21, 1942, but it is believed that the Soviet Guard was born during the first counteroffensive near Yelnya (G. Zhukov) during the days of the battle for Smolensk.)
What are the names of the WWII marshals (S. Timoshenko, B. Shaposhnikov, G. Zhukov, K. Rokossovsky, A. Vasilevsky, L. Govorov, I. Konev, R. Malinovsky, F. Tolbukhin, K. Meretskov.)
When and where was the second front opened in Europe? (April 25, 1944 - meeting on the Elbe, the cities of Witmar and Torgau.)
Which crew was called “Motherland” (V. Grizodubova, P. Osipenko, M. Raskova served in the women’s night bomber squadron).
In which branches of the military were all units guards? (Tank and rocket artillery “Katyusha”.)
Which part of the Red Army was led by Louis Delfino? (“Normandie-Niemen – flight squadron.)
What was the Allied aid called? (Lend-lease.)
What are the international trials of World War II criminals called? (Nuremberg and Tokyo trials.)
Why did A. Tupolev assign the number 58 to his first ANT car? (By the number of the article under which he was convicted.)
Where and when did the “death match” take place during the Second World War? (July 1941, Dynamo Kiev and the Wehrmacht team with a score of 5:3; the Kievans won and were shot.)
In honor of the death of which commander? (I. Chernyakhovsky.)
Where was the last battle of World War II in the European theater? (Prague, May 8–9.
What document was signed in Karlforst by G. Zhukov, A. Tedder, K. Spaats, J. Tassigny, V. Keitel? (Act of unconditional surrender of Germany 08.08.45.)
When did the Second end? World War? (02.09.42.)
Who did Hitler call his “personal enemy” in January 1945? (A. Marinescu-com.submarine, which sank a German mother ship with 70 crew.)
Name the territory where the Young Guard operated? (Krasnodon.)
Name the territory where the Red Chapel operated? (Berlin, General Staff.)
Which rifle division was named after its commander? (316th Panfilov Rifle.)
In which offensive operation of the Red Army were there 4 “boilers”? (Liberation of Belarus.)
Which fronts took Berlin? (3rd Ukrainian (I. Konev), 1st Belarusian (K. Rokossovsky), 2nd Belarusian (G. Zhukov)).
Who was awarded the Order of “VICTORY” twice? (G. Zhukov, A. Vasilevsky, I. Stalin.)
What do these names have in common: Zubachev, Matevosyan, Fomin, Gavrilov? (Commanders of the defense of the Brest Fortress.)
Name the scouts.
For what event did the Nazis hold a 3-day mourning for the first time? (Defeat at Stalingrad.)
What is the name of the captured pilot who hijacked the Henchel bomber from the territory of Sachsenhausen along with 9 comrades to the Soviet front? (M. Devyataev.)
Name the pilot who first used vertical attack techniques over the field Battle of Kursk. (He destroyed 9 German aircraft in 1 battle and died, but his name was learned 14 years later - A. Gorovets.)
What is the name of the hero to whom a monument was first erected in the city of Frunze? (I. Panfilov.)
What is the name of the sniper in the trenches of Stalingrad, whose military fate became the basis for the script of an American film? (Vasily Zaitsev.)
Which Soviet soldier erected a monument in Genoa? (Fedor Poletaev (Poetan).)
Name the military engineer who refused to cooperate in the concentration camp. He was drenched in the cold cold water. (D. Karbyshev.)
What is the name of an employee of the army newspaper Vlasov, who in the Moabit prison wrote poetry in a notebook that was accidentally saved in the fires of war? (Musa Jalil.)

Codenames for military operations

Barbarossa's plan.
“Edelweiss” – the capture of the Caucasus.
The Kantokuen Plan is a strategic plan of the Japanese General Staff.
"Typhoon" capture of Moscow.
“The Kremlin” is a “misguided” plan for the capture of Moscow during the Battle of Kursk.
“Aistoshtoss” – capture of the Arctic.
”Northern lights” – capture of Leningrad.
“Winter Thunderstorm” - a breakthrough in the encirclement of Paulus’s army.
Citadel-Panther - capture of Stalingrad and the south of the USSR.
“Argonaut” – disruption of the summit in Yalta.
“Terminal” – disruption of the Potsdam summit.
"Talisman" - the Anglo-American plan for the attack on Berlin.
“Crossword” – Germany’s attempts to conclude a separate peace with the United States.
“Mars” - attempts by the Red Army to capture the Germans from Rzhev.
“Uranus-Saturn” – liberation of Stalingrad.
“Sea and Mountains” – liberation of Sevastopol.
“The Leap” – the liberation of Kharkov, which changed hands 4 times.
“Iskra” is the last operation to lift the blockade of Leningrad.
“Bagration” – liberation of Belarus, Minsk.
“Rumyantsev” – liberation of Belgorod.
“Kutuzov” – liberation of Orel.
"Suvorov" - liberation of Smolensk.
“Concert” - rail war of partisans during the Battle of Kursk.
“Sea Lion” is a plan for the capture of the British Isles by Germany.
Bux's plan - Krainov's army liberates Warsaw.

Bridgeheads and frontiers.

Mogilev-Orsha-Vitebsk is the German springboard for the attack on Smolensk.
The Tikhvin salient is a threatening rush of Wehrmacht units to the railway to Leningrad and to connect with Finnish units.
Kaunas, Rivne, Minsk, Odessa, Sevastopol are the first cities that were hit by an airstrike.
“Atlantic Wall” - the Wehrmacht’s defense against an attack from England.
“Soloviev crossing” - successful actions of tank units that contributed to the escape of more than 100 thousand soldiers and officers from encirclement
“Pulkovo Heights” - last stop tram line, where the German units were stopped.
Nevsky Piglet - a daring landing on the bank of the Neva occupied by the Germans during the first attempt to break the blockade.
The Sinyavinsky Heights are 50–60-meter hills, which the Germans turned into a bastion with internal passages; it did not allow the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts to connect.
Brest.
Mozhaisk line of defense.
Line Malgobek - Ordzhonikidzhi - the enemy was stopped in the north. Caucasus.
Klukhorsky pass - units of the Wehrmacht were repulsed after they crossed Elbrus.
Sapun Mountain is the central German defense base in Sevastopol.
“Eastern Wall” – 30 km Wehrmacht defense line, width – 25 km. Near Kiev, our fortifications were used there.
Village of Kryukovo.
Mamaev Kurgan – height 102.
Myshkova River, Verkhnekummsk area - the Goth tank group breaks through to the Stalingrad “pocket”.
Ponyri-Belgorod - contours of the Kursk salient.
"The road of life".
Pavlov's House.
The Lyuban ledge is a breakthrough at 75 km by Vlasov’s 20th Shock Army in the winter of 1942.
“Seelow Heights” – 60 km. Wehrmacht defensive lines in front of Berlin.
"Unnamed Height".
Mannerheim Line.

Literature.

Academic publications of the history of the Second World War.

1. Name the time frame of the Second World War. (09/01/1939 - 09/02/1945)

2. Hitler decided to personally lead military operations on eastern front. The directive stated that Moscow should be surrounded so that not a single resident could leave it; it was planned that the city would be flooded and turned into a huge sea. What was the code name for this operation? ("Typhoon")

3. Name the political instructor of the fourth company of the 1075th Infantry Regiment of the 316th Division Panfilov, who uttered the legendary call: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind us!” (Vasily Klochkov)

6. During the war, our artists had an honorable mission - to make art an effective weapon in the people's war. Show the difficult trials of the people, glorify their courage.A special place among the paintings created during the war years is occupied by canvases of the battalion genre. Enormous merit in the development of this genre belongs to P.A. Krivonogov, whose creative path started in 1940.What is the name of the artist's painting? Where does the event depicted take place? (“Victory”, the painting depicts joyful soldiers welcoming the news of victory on the steps of the Berlin Reichstag. In a city still smoking, still blazing with the last fires)

7. Name the time frame and the turning point battle during the Second World War. (autumn 1942 - spring 1943. Battle of Stalingrad)

8. When and by whom was the Victory Banner raised over the Reichstag? (April 30, 1945, by soldiers of the 150th Infantry Division M.A. Egorov and M.V. Kantaria)

9. The old truth says “When the guns roar, the muses are silent!” From its very first steps the war did not live up to this truth. No! The muses were not silent. And literary art tragic events gave a new impetus. One of the first. If not the very first, the muse of Konstantin Simonov entered the battle. One of his poems enjoyed unusual popularity during the war. The blood-stained leaves on which the soldiers copied it were found in the breast pockets of the wounded and dead. The poem was written on behalf of a soldier, addressed to all women, and talks about great love and fidelity. What poem is it about? we're talking about? (K. Simonov “Wait for me, and I will return...”)

10. In the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, there is a state museum of the Hero of Mongolia and four times Hero Soviet Union. The Mongols value the talent of this commander no lower than the talent of Genghis Khan himself. And deservedly so. In 1939, he liberated Mongolia from the Japanese occupiers, and then saved it from the Nazis native land- our Russia. Who is this commander? (G. Zhukov)

11. Who, on behalf of the Soviet Supreme High Command, accepted the surrender of Nazi Germany? (G. Zhukov)

WHEN WERE THE RECORDINGS MADE OF THE REPORTS ON THE SECOND WORLD WAR DICTED BY LEVITAN?

Levitan's reports and messages were not recorded during the Great Patriotic War. Only in the 1950s was a special recording of them for history organized.

WHAT JEWS WERE ALLOWED TO SERVE IN THE ARMY OF NAZI GERMANY?

In Nazi Germany, Jews were people who had at least three Jewish grandparents. They were deprived of citizenship, the right to hold public office and serve in the army. However, if there were only 1 or 2 Jewish grandparents, the person was considered half-breed and was called the term "Mischlinge". Thousands of Mischlinge served in the German army as soldiers and officers, some of them among the generals. At one time, German newspapers published a photograph of an ideal German soldier - a blue-eyed blond man in a helmet. This soldier was Werner Goldberg, whose father was Jewish.

WHY AT THE VICTORY PARADE ON JUNE 24, 1945 WAS ONE DOG CARRIED IN THEIR HANDS ON A STALIN OVERCOAT?

During World War II, trained dogs actively helped sappers clear mines. One of them, nicknamed Dzhulbars, discovered 7,468 mines and more than 150 shells while clearing mines in European countries in the last year of the war. Shortly before the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, Dzhulbars was injured and could not participate in the military dog school. Then Stalin ordered the dog to be carried across Red Square on his overcoat.

WHO TRIED TO SAIL ON A SUBMARINE WITH A SAIL AND WHEN?

WHAT WERE MILITARY ARMORED TIRES?

WHAT FACTOR WAS DECISIVE IN THE CHOICE OF NAGASAKI FOR THE NUCLEAR STRIKE OF AMERICAN FORCES?

If the city of Hiroshima was initially chosen by the Americans as the main target of the first atomic strike on Japan, then the city of Nagasaki was, one might say, unlucky. The target of the second bomb drop was the town of Kokura, but due to heavy clouds, the American pilot decided to act as a backup option and attack Nagasaki.

WHY WERE THE PENTAGON ORIGINALLY TWICE AS MANY TOILETS AS NECESSARY?

In some Hollywood films about World War II, American soldiers of different races can be seen fighting side by side. This is not true, since racial segregation in the US Army was only abolished in 1948. Racial divisions also played a role in the construction of the Pentagon, which took place in 1942 - separate toilets were built there for whites and blacks, and the total number of toilets was twice as many as needed. True, the signs “for whites” and “for blacks” were never hung thanks to the intervention of President Roosevelt.

WHAT EPISODE IN THE FILM “OPERATION Y” WAS DONE BY GAIDAI BASED ON PERSONAL ARMY EXPERIENCE?

WHAT FANTASTIC ROLE DID GEORGE MILLYAR PLAY WITH ALMOST WITHOUT MAKE-UP?

HOW DID EDITH PIAF HELP FRENCH PRISONERS OF WAR ESCAPE FROM GERMAN CAMPS?

WHO AND WHERE CONDUCTED GUERILLA ACTIVITIES BEFORE 1974, WITHOUT KNOWING ABOUT THE END OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR?

WHOSE NOBEL MEDALS WERE HIDDEN FROM THE NAZIS IN DISSOLVED FORM?

In Nazi Germany, the Nobel Prize was banned after the Peace Prize was awarded to the opponent of National Socialism, Karl von Ossietzky, in 1935. German physicists Max von Laue and James Frank entrusted the custody of their gold medals to Niels Bohr. When the Germans occupied Copenhagen in 1940, the chemist de Hevesy dissolved these medals in aqua regia. After the end of the war, de Hevesy extracted the gold hidden in the aqua regia and donated it to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. New medals were made there and re-presented to von Laue and Frank.

WHY DID CANADA GIVE ONE OF THE MATERNITY HOUSES IN OTTAWA A STATUS OUTSIDE CANADIAN JURISDICTION IN 1943?

HOW DID A SAILOR MANAGE TO SURVIVE ON A RAFT IN THE OCEAN FOR 133 DAYS WITHOUT WATER OR FOOD RESERVES?

In 1942, a German submarine sank a British merchant ship. The sailor of Chinese origin, Pun Lim, who served on it, managed to jump overboard wearing a life jacket, and then found a free raft in the water. The small supplies of water and cookies on the raft quickly ran out. The sailor, drifting on a raft on the Atlantic Ocean, collected rainwater and ate raw fish, which he caught with an improvised fishing rod, and once he managed to catch a seagull and suck its blood. So he sailed for 133 days until the raft washed up on the Brazilian coast. Lim lost just 9kg and was immediately able to walk without assistance.

WHY DID STALIN GIVE ROOSEVELT A COPY OF THE FILM “VOLGA, VOLGA”?

WHAT JAPANESE MAN MANAGED TO SURVIVE TWO ATOMIC BOMBINGS IN A ROW?

WHICH SOLDIERS FROM EASTERN MUSLIM COUNTRIES FIGHTED WITH HITLER'S ARMY?

WHY WAS ISAAC'S CATHEDRAL ALMOST NOT DAMAGED IN THE WAR?

WHERE WERE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS BUILT FROM ICE?

WHY DID THE BRITISH SPREAD THE BELIEF THAT CARROTS DIRECTLY IMPROVE VISION?

WHAT GAME IS FAMOUS FOR HAVING A PARTY THAT WAS NOT INTERRUPTED DURING AN ATOMIC BOMBING?

On August 6, 1945, when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a Go game was being played in the suburbs for one of Japan's most honorable titles. The blast wave broke the glass and left the room in chaos, but the players restored the stones on the board and played the game to the end.

WHO USED INDIANS AS RADIO CRYPTISTS?

World War II (1939-1945)

(Without the topic “Great Patriotic War": studied in the course of Russian history)

Questions

International relations and foreign policy Nazi Germany in the 1930s.

The formation of the Far Eastern hotbed of war.

The Second World War: causes, plans and goals of the parties, specifics, periodization.

Nazi Germany's attack on Poland.

The role of the USSR on initial stage Second World War.

« Strange War" Fascist aggression in the North and Western Europe.

Establishment of a “new order” in the occupied territories. Resistance movement.

The main stages of the formation and activities of the anti-Hitler coalition.

Battle of the Atlantic.

Military operations in Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

African and Mediterranean theaters of military operations. The collapse of Italian fascism.

A radical turning point in World War II.

Opening of a second front and military operations in Western Europe by Allied troops (1944-1945).

Surrender of Nazi Germany. Potsdam Conference. Nuremberg trials.

The defeat of Japan (late 1944-1945). Khabarovsk process.

Results, significance of the Second World War. The Price of Victory.

II. Concepts

	"Red Chapel"		Munich Agreement
	Resistance movement	Khabarovsk process	Nuremberg trial
Weiss Plan	Luftwaffe	Messerschmitt	Osterbeiter
Blitzkrieg	Maginot Line	Satellite	SD, SS, SA
Radical fracture	El Alamein
Pearl Harbor	Hiroshima, Nagasaki	« New order»	"Missouri"
	Second front	Washington Declaration	Atlantic Charter
"Strange War"	"Free France"	Anti-Comintern Pact

III. Personalities

V. von Brauchitsch	K. von Stauffenberg	W. Churchill	B.Montgomery
A. Rosenberg	E. Kaltenbrunner	F.D. Roosevelt	Charles de Gaulle
	F. Canaris		E. Daladier
	N.Chamberlain	D. Eisenhower

IV. Written work “Chronology of the Second World War”