Construction of any residential or public premises always begins with a detailed consideration of each structure that will be included in the project. One such structure is a staircase. It can be indoors, outdoors, attics, basements, etc. But its detailed component always remains unchanged, on the basis of which there are parameters in accordance with GOST and SNiP, which any constructed staircase must comply with. At detailed analysis staircase design Special attention It is worth paying attention to the march, which is a continuous series of steps consisting of a tread (horizontal part) and a riser (vertical part).

Please note: presented in one of our previous articles.

What do GOST and SNiP prescribe for us?

The construction of such objects has certain standards that should be relied upon when constructing stairs:

1. One flight of stairs must consist of 3-18 steps;
2. In public and residential premises, the riser corresponds to a height of 14.8 cm, and the tread is 30 cm wide;
3. In attics and basements 17.1 cm and 26 cm respectively.

But practical experience shows that slightly different sizes can provide safety and convenience.

It is better to make the number of steps in a flight odd, so that a person’s movement along the stairs begins and ends with one foot. In addition, climbing 18 steps is a very energy-intensive activity, and 11 or 15 is the most best option, after which the person will not suffer from shortness of breath. As for the height of the step, its value ranges from 15 to 18 cm, and the double value of the height combined with the width of the step results in the approximate value of the length of a human step - 6064 cm.

Dimensions of the width of a flight of stairs

The width of the steps also has certain building standard norms (GOST), which requires mandatory compliance with the maximum and minimum values:

1. For street, apartment, straight, basement and fire escapes, the width is 80 cm;
2. For the stairs leading to the attic 60 cm;
3. Spiral staircase in the apartment from 80 cm to 1 m.

Minimum and maximum step sizes

Referring to SNiP, you can see:

1. The tread corresponds to a width of 25 cm, if the staircase is attic or basement, then from 20 cm;
2. The riser corresponds to a height of 15 - 20 cm, however, errors of no more than 5 mm are allowed.

As stated above that convenient sizes The steps are those that are in relation to the average value of a person’s step. Therefore, it is advisable to present such calculations in the form of Blondel’s formula:

2h + b = S (60-66 cm)

Optimal inclination

When considering the angle of inclination when constructing a staircase, it is worth noting that the recommendations of the norms building standards not established in this matter. However, the slope of the staircase is determined by the ratio of the tread and riser, and focusing on the maximum and minimum height and depth of the step, the angle of inclination ranges from 33 to 45 degrees. For gentle (internal) stairs, a value of up to 38 degrees is considered optimal, and for steep stairs (utility, attic) - up to 45 degrees.

What is the essence of precision in constructing a structure?

The parameters of each step used in the construction of the stairs must be extremely accurate and identical. This allows a person to use it when walking without special care, both day and night, relying on the muscle memory of the legs. And if this rule is not followed, a person experiences inconvenience when using the stairs, trying to feel each step with his foot. And going down such stairs is quite dangerous.

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A staircase or balcony railing consisting of turned or carved balusters connected at the top by a handrail. There are various options for installing a balustrade.

Guardrail posts that form a safety grid located under the handrail. Can be made of any material and any shape.

Handrail height

The vertical dimension between the rise line of a staircase or floor surface and the outermost top point fencing.

The convenient height of the fence depends on the height of the person, but it is customary to install the handrail no lower than 85 cm and no higher than 105 cm. Although these heights can be changed if necessary.

Step height

The vertical distance between the top planes of adjacent stair steps.

Edge

One of the sides of the part is in the shape of a parallelepiped. This usually means the side, since the top and bottom are called the face.

Fungi

Decorative plugs that hide technological holes in the structure. They have a slightly convex rounded shape. Stick on top of the hole.

Race

A turning section consisting of winder steps. The race provides the necessary passage height even with a low ceiling. Most widespread got .

Winder stage

A wedge-shaped step with non-parallel sides, narrowed towards the inner (short) contour of the staircase and widened towards the outer. There are several main types of winder steps depending on.

Stub

A plug that covers a hole or the head of a screw. They can be decorative or camouflage.

Rear edge of the step.

Closed staircase

A blind, opaque staircase with risers in its design that cover the space between the steps. The closed version of the interfloor staircase gives a feeling of reliability and durability.

Visor (overhang)

The front of a step that overhangs the previous step.

Fencing component

Longitudinal fencing element. There are three profiles: two of them are used to fix balusters, the top one has a decorative function.

Same as marker line. Indicates the outer or inner, left or right edge of the staircase.

Internal circuit

In a turning staircase there is a short contour, the edge of the staircase on the side in which the turn is directed.

External circuit

In a turning staircase there is a long contour, the outer edge of the staircase on the opposite side from the direction of rotation.

Fence outline

A fragment of a staircase or floor fence, enclosed between two fastening points (supporting pillars or walls). May contain a curved handrail.

Configuration

The structure of a staircase, consisting of straight and turning sections in a certain sequence.

Lift line

A line connecting the tops of the steps of the stairs and located at an angle to the floor, equal to the angle the inclination of the stairs.

Top of the step

The extreme forward point of a step on its upper plane.

March

A group of steps forming a section of stairs leading in one direction. Flights of one staircase can be connected through a landing or run.

Assembly ladder

Reference point

The point where posts, axles, or stringers are attached to the floor. Most often it coincides with the geometric center of the posts and axis; for stringers, it shifts to the edge.

Open staircase

A staircase that does not contain risers in its design - vertical walls between adjacent steps.

Due to lower production costs, open staircases are the most popular.

Connection panel

A plank located at the junction of the step and the wall. Typically used with a closed stage. Performs the function of a plinth and boot.

Stair Options

The size of the step height and tread width. They form the angle of inclination of the stairs using their values.

Useful width of a flight of stairs

The width of the staircase does not include the railing, that is, the width is less than the overall width.

Shelf

The horizontal edge of a corner glued into the load-bearing part of the stringer. Designed to support and secure the step.

Transverse stringer

A stringer located across the main direction of the stairs.

Handrail

The upper part of the fence that bears the main load from shocks. Serves for ligament support pillars and fastening balusters.

Ceiling opening (window)

Some area in the ceiling of a building that is not occupied by structures. Used to move between floors. Minimum opening area to obtain comfortable stairs must be greater than or equal to the value of the floor height.

Longitudinal stringer

Stringer located along the main direction of the stairs.

The "net" width of the step (or depth) used when calculating the stairs. It is the horizontal distance between the tops of adjacent steps.

Passage height

The vertical dimension between the ceiling and the stair rise line at the point of intersection of this line with the edge of the ceiling opening.

A step having parallel front and rear edges.

Radius steps

Steps with an oval-shaped leading edge.

Trumpet

An arched shape of the staircase contour, usually located at the entrance. Expands the entry area. It can be one-sided or two-sided.

Earring

A vertically fixed board or shield that serves to attach a stringer to it. Typically installed to the top slab or support beam.

Earring internal

Earring on the side internal contour stairs, that is, on the side of the direction of rotation.

External earring

An earring located on the side of the outer or long contour of the staircase.

Slice

The edge of the part after trimming. It can be straight, oblique, clean, shaggy....The sharper the saw, the cleaner the cut.

Start

The lowest sleeve in the axle column design. It is installed on the floor and requires the most careful adjustment in height.

Kernel

Threaded rod used to form the axial post. Serves for stringing sleeves and steps and their subsequent compression.

Rack

As a rule, a rectangular pillar in a staircase structure that serves to support a stringer, two adjacent stringers or beams.

A key element of the fence, which is the basis of its reliability. Used to attach handrails. It is a connection point for the fence contours.

Texture

A natural pattern on the surface of wood formed by fibers of different colors.

Stair string

A load-bearing structural element of a staircase that serves to attach steps to the side of the part.

end

Cutting a part when cutting fibers transversely (cross-section).

Trajectory

The line of path overcome by a person when moving up the stairs. Located 40-50 cm from the fence or turning axis.

Clean floor (PE)

The vertical mark of the floor, corresponding to its final finishing, the level of the finished floor covering.

Clean ceiling

Marking the finished finished ceiling.

The height of the leg lift to the next step. It is calculated for each staircase, taking into account the total height of the floors and the number of steps to overcome this height.

Baluster pitch

This is the distance through which the balusters follow one another. The step size is measured between the same sides of the baluster.

Stair width

Overall width of the staircase. May change when changing directions.

Screen

Thin carpentry board covering vertical planes between the ceiling of the first floor and the floor of the second. Used to finish the contour of the opening.

© 2015, Private Enterprise "Krill", Modeling and manufacturing interfloor stairs. Staircase glossary with illustrations.

There are special norms and standards that regulate the optimal size of steps to the second floor. If the required standards are met, the staircase will last for many years, without exposing its owners to unnecessary risks.

Among other things, stairs must take into account the requirements of the owners.

Namely:

• Suitable design;
• Aesthetic appearance;
• Comfort;
• Safety.

And a plus to this is compliance with GOST and SNiP, so that the staircase can not only please the eye, but also serve for many years. It is these standards, as well as some other, no less important, parameters that ensure safe movement on the stairs. This is especially true for families with children or elderly people. The staircase itself can be of any design and appearance– it depends entirely on personal preferences.

But the choice of buyers most often stops at wooden structures: the most durable, stable and beautiful.

Standard steps are rightfully considered the most convenient and safe. Their parameters are also regulated: height is 15-19 cm, and width is 30. In normal wooden stairs The width is 27 cm, but at turns or on a march the so-called overhang (or spout) creeps onto the step. Its width is exactly equal to the missing three centimeters.

Stair step size: GOST

In order to avoid having to rack your brains about what the steps should be like, and to ensure that a convenient descent or ascent does not bring problems, special standards were created: they take into account all the necessary standards and describe in detail the entire procedure for work. The most important part of the staircase is, of course, the steps.

For example, when a drawing of a future staircase is being drawn up, it is necessary to calculate the following parameters:

• Angle of inclination of steps;
• Their same width;
• Height;
• The width of the march itself;
• Tread depth;
• Step width.

For a standard private house, the minimum width should be 70 cm, not taking into account railings and handrails - their width is calculated separately. GOST does not recommend narrowing stairs, but allows a similar design - for or attic ones.

The optimal size of stair steps in the house

When calculating the size of the steps to the second floor, you need to know some nuances.

• Riser size 15-18 cm;
• Tread – 30 cm;
• Comfortable step length is from a meter, preferably 120 cm.

The number of steps themselves is not too difficult to calculate. To do this, you need to know such a parameter as the floor height. The accuracy must be absolute, otherwise the steps will differ in size. Standards recommend setting the height of the steps to 15 cm, but it may vary slightly.

And it is necessary to take into account the clearance, that is, the height from the step to the upper barrier. This is at least two meters - otherwise you will have to constantly put bandages on your head: there will be bruises. It is recommended to entrust drawings and calculations to specialists - without the necessary skills, there is a possibility of fatal errors. It is very important to carry out long-term and full preparation to avoid various difficulties.

Thanks to the illumination of the steps, you can significantly improve the aesthetic qualities of the stairs. Let's talk about the options for lighting the steps in the material: .

What is the standard size of stair treads

The standard sizes of steps are specified in GOST and SNiP - according to these standards, almost ideal structures are obtained.

Key standards to consider:

• The steps should not differ in size, maximum – 5 mm;
• The height of the step should not be lower than 15 cm, but should not exceed 20 cm;
• From the door to the stairs - no less than a meter, but the distance must exceed the width of the door itself;
• Overhang dimensions – maximum 3 cm;
• Tread depth from 23 to 35 cm;
• The narrowest part of the winder steps is 10 cm, the widest is 40 cm, and the running strip is 25 cm.

For folding stairs, parameters of at least 600x1000x1200 are recommended so that they remain safe. If the configuration and availability free space allow, the steps can be made much wider. This will be useful so that you can conveniently bring furniture or other large objects onto the second floor. There is one more plus - a staircase with wide steps looks impressive, presentable and expensive.

For spiral staircase the parameters are not too different. The width of the steps is not less than 20 cm. Near the central beam - from 10 cm, and in the widest part - 40.

It is worth considering that all steps must be mounted at an angle of 1 degree, which will help avoid the accumulation of water, dirt and dust on the stairs.

Stair step step

This parameter is almost the most important. Other calculations are made on it, and the comfort and safety of movement along the future stairs depends on it. An incorrectly calculated step can even lead to a deterioration in well-being - from excessive tension to maintain stability, legs often hurt, especially in older people.

The calculation is made according to certain requirements, which may ultimately differ from SNiP. It's not scary, because building codes They only summarize information.

So:

1. The sum of the width of the tread and the height of the riser should be about 440 mm, taking into account the slope of the staircase itself. After all, the larger it is, the higher the height of the riser.
2. When adding the double size of the riser and the width of the tread, it must come out to be from 600 to 650 mm.
3. Stairs with a difference between the dimensions of the riser and tread of about 46 mm are absolutely safe.
4. The height and width of the steps should differ by a maximum of 5 mm.
5. The length of the beams for the stairs affects the steepness (it will be almost vertical), which in turn can affect the height of the steps.
6. The height will affect the quantity, as well as the width.

If something doesn’t add up, doesn’t work out, or doesn’t work out as planned, then there’s no need to despair. Perhaps this is not a matter of errors - this can be solved by changing the configuration and type of stairs.

Stair step width: standard

So what acceptable standards width? Everyone is very dependent on each other. The width directly depends on the resulting height.

In this case, you need to rely on some rules:

• The ideal span width for a private house will be 120 cm;
• The width of the step is from 25 cm;
• If there are railings - 80 cm;
• In the absence of railings - 60 cm;
• For marchers – at least 60 cm, excluding “goose step” type structures.

Of course, when determining the width, you should also rely on your foot - it should fit completely comfortably on the step. Also, exceptions to the rule will be folding stairs– their width may be less, but not below the threshold of 20 cm.

The angle, that is, the inclination of the stairs, will also depend on the width. For example: with a width of 20 cm, then optimal height will be the same, and the angle of inclination will be exactly 45 degrees. But if the width is 40 cm, the height will be 10 cm, and the angle will be 14 degrees and 10 minutes.

Due to the development of technology and the emergence of many other materials from which stairs are made, various standards and requirements have become much more numerous. Rarely does anyone manage to comply with them completely - that is why it is recommended to turn to specialists or purchase finished design, and not try to build it with your own hands - this requires skill.

There are a few more details that are important to know:

1. If the ladder will be used constantly, then it must be stationary.
2. Landings should be equal to the width of the steps.
3. It is necessary to pay attention to SNiP, which regulates the height of the railing - from the ceiling to the handrail should be at least 190 cm, and preferably 200.

Optimal dimensions of stair steps (video)

A staircase in a house or apartment is a necessary and useful thing. Installing an elevator is at least expensive, and also pointless, for the sake of two floors. Correct selection and the correct drawing diagram guarantee that the staircase will last a long time and will also become a decoration of the house.

In old classic English-language detective stories, the plot very often revolves around falling down the stairs. This type of accident is still common today. Since the second level is becoming commonplace not only for country house, but also for urban housing, the issue of competent design of stairs - reliable and safe - is becoming more and more relevant. Important stage designing a staircase - competent calculation of its main parameters.

At the house design stage

The higher the quality design work, those less problems arises during the execution of work, the easier it is to calculate the expected costs and the better the final result. This is considered an axiom, but for some reason in construction practice it happens differently. This is especially important for creating convenient and safe communication between different residential levels.

Thoroughly work out the future staircase better in the earliest stages of design. Squeezing the necessary staircase structure into an existing, but very narrow opening in the ceiling is a very problematic matter. Therefore, it is better to determine in advance on the floor plan optimal place for the opening, calculate it required size. Moreover, for such important element buildings must provide sufficient lighting (preferably natural) and the possibility of reliable fixation load-bearing elements stairs to building structures. It’s best to do all this at the development stage internal layout and the choice of technology for constructing future housing.

Initial data

In order to pick up optimal sizes stairs to the second floor, necessary determine the initial data:

Other data will be needed for detailed study. In particular, the choice of staircase design is influenced by the material of the walls and ceilings, not to mention taking into account the overall design concept of the room. But first you need to calculate the line of travel, the height of the step and the length of the tread.

The main thing is safety

The popularity of the plot device among Agatha Christie and her followers in the form of characters falling down the stairs is largely explained by the tradition of use in England and America (as well as in Japan) staircase inclination angle 45 degrees, i.e. the length of the tread is equal to the height of the step. This achieves the greatest savings in the area occupied by the staircase in the plan. Domestic recommendations from experts call for considering this case as the most extreme possible, because the ascent, and especially the descent from floor to floor along such a flight, is safe only for a person in good physical shape and wearing comfortable shoes.

A lower step and a tread longer than 250 mm is not only safer, but also more comfortable. It has been proven that when going up to the second floor, it costs less effort, and this is especially important for an elderly person.

Basic theory

Experience and science have developed some optimal parameters for tread and riser (in mm): 150x300 and 170x290. The first is recommended for external (landscape) stairs, the second - for internal ones. Optimal slope stairs - from 30 to 40 degrees.

If you are calculating a staircase for an existing building, you should use special formulas that use the following data:

The calculation of the parameters of the stages is done using 3 basic proportions:

1. "Comfort formula": a - h = 120 mm
2. “Safety formula”: a + h = 450 mm
3. Blondel formula: 600 mm

The third equation is considered the most universal, i.e. suitable for most cases.

François Blondel proportion

The 17th century French architect and engineer François Blondel (1618–1686) was one of the first to look for a mathematical relationship between the parameters of the human body and the architectural elements of a building. His research underlies many modern ergonomic theories of architecture and design.

It is more convenient to start calculating steps according to Blondel by calculating the height of the step. The height of the interfloor rise is divided by the estimated number of steps, and a result is sought that is closest to the optimal value - 170 mm for internal and 150 mm for external stairs. Then, using the formula, the length of the tread is found and the total length of the staircase stroke is calculated. If there are restrictions on the overall dimensions of the space under the stairs, the maximum tread length should be derived from this indicator, since this is the main indicator of convenience and safety.

Designs with winder steps (these are those in which one edge, located at a smaller radius of rotation of the staircase, is narrower than the other) and, especially, spiral staircases consisting entirely of such steps are one of the most interesting and impressive in design and constructive solution. But straight steps with turning areas are much more comfortable and safer, and steps that are rectilinear in shape are also much cheaper than curved ones.

But if the size of the opening and space for the stairs allows the construction of only a rotary structure, the calculation of the winder steps is carried out along the central line of the march, plotting the calculated tread length along it, and the middle line cannot have radius of curvature greater than 30 degrees. The standards provide for a minimum tread width along the center line of 260 mm, and the width of the narrowest part of the step cannot be less than 100 mm.

You should remember one more feature of the human body, which should be taken into account by competent calculation of the stairs. The length of a step taken with the right foot is on average 2 cm longer than that taken with the left, and the safety of the stairs should be assessed by the descent - in this case, the area under which the foot can be supported is smaller by the amount of the overhang (“nose”). Conclusion - the left approach to the turning section of the stairs is more convenient.

In one march you should not make more than 10 ascents; then you should place a platform with a width not less than 1000 mm. It is irrational to make the passage width less than 1000 mm, and the clear passage height (to the beams and the top of the openings) less than 2200 mm. The size of the flight should be calculated taking into account the fact that large loads will also have to be lifted up the stairs.

The number of ascents is usually made no more than 18 and odd: a person begins the ascent and enters the floor with the same foot.

Differences in the height of steps of more than 5 mm throughout one flight are strictly not allowed. Together with the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which is fighting to reduce the number of accidents, doctors are in favor of this strict requirement: such unevenness in movement leads to sharp point loads on internal organs, in particular on the kidneys.

The height of the handrails is about 900 mm; if the width of the passage allows, for a flight located near the wall, handrails should be made on both sides to increase safety when descending.

Children are treated specially: a gate is provided to prevent very young children from entering the stairs, and the distance between the balusters of the fence is made no more than 100 mm. Sometimes they provide child handrail at a height of 450 mm.

If, according to calculations, the flight of stairs is located near a window opening, it is unacceptable to leave it without a reliable fence.

When choosing a design solution for a staircase, you should calculate the maximum load that it can withstand.

Why are there special requirements for the size of steps, specified in specialized documents? Because they largely decide how convenient it will be to use the staircase structure. If we are talking about fire escapes, then in this case it is the parameters of these elements that determine how quickly a person can leave a burning building.

There are at least two types of steps: straight and winder. They can be made of wood, concrete or metal, but the requirements for their parameters will not change.

Even if you are going to build a structure for your own private home, you need to calculate the optimal size of the stairs, which will determine the convenience and safety of a person when climbing. And if you need to install a staircase in a public building, then you must be guided by the requirements of GOST.

What parameters are specified in a certain standard in an official document? This is the width and height of the steps, as well as the angle of inclination of the stairs. It is these dimensions that should be taken into account when constructing the structure.

Requirements according to SNiP and GOST

To navigate the rules for determining optimal parameters, you need to understand the anatomy of staircase steps. This structural element consists of a riser, otherwise its vertical plane, and a tread, its horizontal plane. The elements are combined into rows called flights, and in a standard staircase design they rest on stringers supported by bowstrings. The lowest and highest elements of the rise are called frieze.

The convenience and safety of walking are associated with such a concept as the size of a human step, equal to 60 - 64 cm. Often, to calculate the size of a step, a special formula discovered by Blondel is used.

2x+y=60, where x is the distance in centimeters between two adjacent steps, and y is the distance between the edge of one and the other element.

To calculate a safe structure, the formula x+y=45 is often used.

To calculate the parameters of a comfortable staircase, the formula x-y = 12 is derived.

In other words, the convenience formula is expressed in the difference between the size of the riser and the horizontal plane of 12 cm. The safety formula is, on the contrary, the sum of the dimensions of width and height, which is 45 cm.

But in order not to make unnecessary calculations, it is enough to look at the regulatory documents and simply strictly follow the parameters specified in them.

• If there are more than two floors inside the building, it is necessary to make one span. Moreover, the span width should be in the range of 80 – 120 cm;
• The march includes from three to 18 lifting elements. For public buildings the number of steps is reduced to 16;
• Ideally, the number of elements is odd, which allows you to start and complete the lifting process from the same leg;
• The angle of inclination of the stairs when ascending should be more than 6 degrees, but less than 45;
• The height of the stairs is an important parameter. The norms and rules specified in the documents allow this size to vary within 15 - 20 cm. Within the march, a difference between the height of the lifting elements of 0.5 cm is allowed;
• The width of the element must be at least 25 cm. If stairs are installed in basements or attics, then the rules and regulations allow this size to be reduced by 5 cm;
• The maximum protrusion of the lifting element is 3 cm;
• Based on their SNiP requirements, the construction site must be in strict accordance with the width of the step. The distance from it to the door should be about a meter;
• The enclosing structures should have a height of 90 cm. The distance between the balusters should be 10 - 15 cm;
• When designing or selecting handrails and railings, you need to calculate the load with a margin. Regulatory documents indicate that railings must support a weight of 100 kg or more. This allows an adult to fully lean on the enclosing structure;
• There should be a distance of 200 cm between the steps and the ceiling plane. The minimum is 195 cm for a flight of stairs.

The angle of inclination of the stairs and the parameters of the lifting elements are often related.

So, if the angle is from 5 to 20 degrees, the height of the step should be 13 cm and the width should be 37 cm. This angle of inclination is typical for street structures.

Public stairs often have an angle of 20 to 30 degrees.

In this case, the width of the step approaches 29 cm, and the height approaches 17 cm. An angle of 30 - 45 degrees is typical for residential buildings. It is in this case that the dimensions of the steps are quite convenient for frequent ascent: the width is 23 cm and the height is 20 cm.

However, the ease of using stairs also depends on the height of the building’s floors. It has been experimentally proven that with a height of 3.3 meters and a number of steps of 20, the height of the riser should be 16.5 cm. With a floor height of three meters - 15 cm, at 2.7 - 13.5, at 1.4 - 12 cm. The height of the riser increases in inverse proportion to the number of steps. That is, if the riser for a floor height of 2.7 m is 16.8 cm, then the staircase should have 16 steps. If you increase their number by at least one step, then the riser height should be 15.8 cm. The most convenient and safest staircase is considered to be a design with a step width of 30 cm and a height of 15 cm.

If we are talking about winder steps, then the size requirements are slightly different. It’s worth starting with the fact that the design of the winder stage itself differs from the marching stage and is a trapezoidal element, the inner side of which is smaller than the outer one. At the winder step, the minimum width of the tread along the walk line should be 25.4 cm. On the narrow side it should be 10 - 5.2 cm, and the distance of the walk line from the edge of the stairs should be 30.5 cm.

GOST for the size of steps of evacuation stairs

Particular attention should be paid to the standards of stair elements of evacuation stairs, which are required by regulatory documents.

For special structures, the tread width should be 25 cm, but not less if the march width is 90 cm. According to the rules, enclosing structures must be more than 120 cm.

The norms and rules for fire escapes with flights provide for the width and height of the steps to be 20 cm if the angle of inclination is 45 degrees. With a greater slope, the height of the riser can be 30 cm.

The vertical design also has standard tread sizes, although its appearance is strikingly different from typical stairs.

The width of the structure if there are marches should be 80 cm. If there are no marches, then the vertical structure should be 60 cm in width. The distance between steps, otherwise, handrails should be a maximum of 35 cm. The distance of the lower frieze element from the ground should be at least 25 cm.

Dimensions of stairs in a private house

If you are going to make and install a staircase for your home yourself, you can, of course, bypass the GOST and SNiP standards, but it is in your interests to adhere to the average indicators, which have long been justified in practice.

First you need to determine the number of steps that will be in your design. The optimal stair tread height is 20 cm. To find out how many steps your home installation should have, you need to calculate the height of the staircase and divide by 20 cm.

The width of the tread should be comfortable for climbing, so its optimal size will be 25 - 30 cm.

For example, if the height of the staircase is three meters, then the number of steps will be 15.

There are usually no strict requirements for the surfaces of lifting elements. However, if we are not talking about fire safety stairs, it is not permissible for the surface to be smooth. Therefore, for the construction of platforms and steps, a corrugated, stamped or with steel strips surface is used.

In your own home, you can lay a carpet on the stairs to ensure safety.

It is not difficult to calculate the optimal parameters of the steps, but to do this correctly, you first need to calculate the dimensions of the entire structure. When calculating the device, you should pay attention to ergonomic features, in particular, the step size, foot size and weight of the person.