The Eya River flows through the Kuban-Azov lowland, in a wide valley. Second longest in Krasnodar region after the Kuban River, although geographically part of it is located in Rostov region. The Yeya River flows into the Yeisk Estuary of the Taganrog Gulf of the Sea of Azov.
The length of the river is 311 km, the basin area is 8650 sq. km. The source is considered to be the confluence of the Korsun and Upornaya rivers, located 5 km from the village of Novopokrovskaya. From the source it has a north-western direction, but at the village of Kushchevskaya, after merging with the Kugo-Eya River, it turns to the west.
The area around the river is very swampy.
origin of name
There is no single point of view on the origin of the name of the Eya River. There is a version with a Turkic origin of the name. From Turkic “yaya” is translated as “Ivan”. The river became “Ivanova” because Russians lived on its banks in ancient times. But such a pronunciation was alien to the Russians and they transformed the word “yaya” into “ee”.
Another translation is “yaya” - spilling, shallow. There is a legend that supposedly during Catherine II’s stay in the Kuban, this steppe river was on her way. Catherine was unable to pronounce her name, and the kind people around them bowed to the queen and answered: “Her Majesty...”. The queen was pleased with the answer, hence the name - Her.
The ancient Greek geographer Strabobus, who lived more than 2000 years ago, calls the river Rombit... 
Tributaries of the Eya River
Along the Eya River there are a huge number of springs along the way; atmospheric precipitation provides powerful recharge. As a result, the river is fresh and full-flowing. The lower reaches of the valley are very swampy. The river has a slight slope and elevation difference, so its flow is slow.
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Tributaries flow into Eya from both sides of the riverbed. There are more tributaries on the right bank. The tributaries of the Eya River are the two rivers Kugo-Eya and Kavalerka. The remaining tributaries are the small flowing rivers Veselaya, Sosyka, Ternovaya and others.
The water level in the river is not constant. Fluctuations in river level are also associated with air temperature. The river freezes mainly in December frosts, but the duration of the freeze-up is short. As a rule, ice drift is not observed; the ice melts mainly on the river.
Flora and fauna
The Eya River feeds many estuaries overgrown with sedge, reeds, reeds, and other aquatic plants. The vegetation here is rich, thanks to which the river attracts a wide variety of birds, including ducks, swans, cranes, herons, waders, coots, pochards, gulls, lapwings, warblers and whole line other birds. There are also rare specimens. The Eya reaches serve as resting places for thousands of migratory birds on their migration route. 
Also in the coastal area live representatives of aquatic fauna such as otters, muskrats, beavers, and mink.
The Eya River pleases fishing lovers. This is one of the best fishing spots in the Krasnodar region. It is also good for fishermen on this river that the approaches to it are convenient, without sharp descents to the fishing spot, since the banks are not steep.
It bites here all year long!
Commercial fishing is also carried out on the river. In estuaries and dams it is not difficult to organize areas for fishing on an industrial scale. Here live: pike, rudd, carp, carp, red and white perch. Silver carp, carp, carp, grass carp, a lot of pike, perch, white and red crucian carp, and rudd are cultivated in the river.
A great variety of animals feed on the banks of such a rich river, including foxes, pheasants, and hares. This circumstance attracts hunting lovers to Her.
Agriculture developed actively along the banks of this vast drainage basin. 
The slow flow and the construction of many dams in the riverbed have led to a real problem. Currently, the problem of siltation of the Eya riverbed is very acute and requires the intervention of federal authorities. This is the involvement of the authorities in the cleansing of the spring on Popova Balka.
It is worth making a description of the places where the Yeya River flows - the Yeya Estuary. This is a bay in the northeast of the Sea of Azov, the largest estuary in the North Caucasus (area about 244 sq. km). The estuary is separated from the Sea of Azov by the narrow Yeisk spit and communicates with the sea, or, more correctly, with the Taganrog Bay through a narrow passage.
Well protected from winds. The average depth is 0.6-1.5 m, increasing in the western part of the estuary to 3-3.5 m. On the western bank is the resort town of Yeisk.
Length about 24 km, width up to 13 km.
The reservoir was formed when the coastal part of the land subsided. The mouth area of the Eya River, gradually sinking, was flooded by sea waters.
The Yeisk Estuary is the second largest lagoon reservoir off the Azov coast of the Krasnodar Territory. Despite its isolation, it is of significant importance in the hydrological balance of the Azov Sea and the formation of its biological productivity, in particular as a feeding area for young sturgeon fish. The site is of great importance as a health resort and tourist center of the Eastern Azov region.
The area plays a significant role as a nesting site for colonial waterbirds, such as the herring gull and great cormorant. On the islands of Yeisk Spit in 1985-1989. 100 pairs of black-headed gulls nested and 100-1080 spotted-billed tern nests were discovered.
The Yeisk Estuary is of great fishing importance. The main commercial species are ram, pike perch, juvenile sturgeon and stellate sturgeon. The total list of fish species is 25 units.
This is the longest and most abundant river in the Azov-Kuban Lowland and the second longest river in the Krasnodar Territory.
It originates at one of the spurs of the Stavropol Upland, 5 km south of the village of Novopokrovskaya. It is formed from the confluence of two small rivers: the Karasun, which flows along a ravine from the village of Ilyinskaya, and the Upornaya, which receives its origin from springs wedging out along the ravine.
Initially, the Eya flows in a northwest direction, but from the village of Kushchevskaya it changes it to the west-northwest and flows into the Yeisk estuary, which connects with the Sea of Azov, below the village of Staro Shcherbinovskaya, having traveled a distance of 311 km. The river collects water from a vast drainage basin covering an area of 8,650 km. In its configuration, the Ey basin is quite symmetrical." It receives tributaries both from the right and from the left, while there are more right-bank tributaries. The largest of the right-bank tributaries are the KugoEya with a length of 108 km with a drainage basin area of 1260 km 2 and the Kavalerka with a length of 78 km s drainage basin of 695 km 2.
On the left they flow into Eyu: the largest tributary of its river. Sosyka, with a length of 159 km, and a drainage basin of 2030 km 2, small rivers Ternovaya, Veselaya, etc.
The Yei Valley is symmetrical with gently sloping banks without noticeably pronounced terraces. The width of the valley in the upper reaches is 100-150 m, on average up to 3-4 km, and in the lower reaches 10-12 km. Width of the river bed It ranges from 5-30 m in the upper reaches to 60-100 m in the middle reaches and from 150 to 200 m in the lower reaches. In ponds, the width of the mirror sometimes reaches 300 meters or more with a pond depth of up to 2-5 m. The depth of the river itself is from 0.2-0.5 m in the upper reaches to 1-1.5 m in the middle reaches. The Ey valley in the lower reaches is very swampy, and the river itself forms a number of small estuaries overgrown with reeds, reeds, sedges and other water-loving plants. The banks of the valley are low. The overall fall and slope of the river are small, so the river flows slowly. In the lower reaches of the river. It meanders through the valley, forming reaches and oxbow lakes.
The river is fed mainly by precipitation in the form of rain and snow and partly by groundwater. Her water regime is not constant. Water horizons and flow rates vary significantly according to the seasons of the year. The flow in the river is observed in the spring, while there is still a supply of snow water, and sometimes in the summer after rains. Maximum speed the current does not exceed 0.6-0.8 m/s; the rest of the time, the current usually occurs only directly below the dams, and is barely noticeable. During the dry season, the river dries up in places, breaking into separate reaches.
The very small slopes of the river at its mouth contribute to the rush of brackish water into it from the Yeisk estuary at a distance of up to 8 km up the river. This occurs during strong western and northwestern winds and sometimes causes the water to rise near the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya to almost 1 m."
The amplitude of fluctuations in water horizons in the river. At the village of Kushchevskaya it reaches more than 4 m, and water flows here vary from 0 to 164 m 3 /s. It is not very watery, its average annual flow according to long-term data is only about 2.5 m 3 /s. During the year, the river carries about 80 million m 3 of water, 0.07 million tons of solid sediment and 200 thousand tons of dissolved salts.
In winter, usually in December, it freezes, but the duration of freeze-up varies significantly depending on the conditions temperature regime V different years. Often no ice drift is observed, and the ice melts in place. Currently, the river for a considerable length looks like a chain of ponds, since the Eya and its tributaries are blocked by many dams. The resulting river ponds are used by the population for watering and fish farming.
Water river It has high mineralization, i.e. it contains a large number of dissolved salts. During the low-water period, the concentration of dissolved substances varies from approximately 3000 mt/l to 8000 mg/l, increasing from the river source to the mouth. The maximum mineralization of water was noted on the left tributary of the Yei river. Sosyka, near the village of Leningradskaya, where in December 1939 it was 12,755 mg/l. v The chemical composition of Ey water also changes from source to mouth. In the upper reaches, its waters are dominated by (by weight) ions: sulfate, hydrocarbonate and calcium; in the lower reaches, the river water contains the most sulfate ions, as well as sodium and chlorine ions.
For characteristics chemical composition We will also use the classification of river waters by O. A. Alekin, which consists of dividing waters according to the predominant ions (in milligram equivalent terms) and according to the relationships between them. According to this classification of river water. In low-water periods, water is mainly classified as sulfate-sodium water of the second type, i.e., sulfate is the predominant anion, and sodium is the predominant cation, and the second type of water is characterized by the fact that there are fewer hydrocarbonate ions than calcium and magnesium ions in total.
Waters of the river It and its tributaries are very tough. Their technical and drinking qualities are low. The high mineralization of these waters makes them little or completely unsuitable for irrigation. In addition, they have sulfate aggression for concrete using ordinary cement.
Yei Valley is densely populated. Here, in the greenery of the gardens, there are such villages as Novopokrovskaya, Kalnibolotskaya, Nezamaevskaya, Krylovskaya, Kushchevskaya, Shkurinskaya, Staroshcherbinovskaya and others settlements.
Chelbas River
To the southwest of the Eya, almost parallel to the latter, the river flows. Chelbas The name of the river translated from Tatar to. Russian language means "ladle of water."; Its source is located near the northern outskirts of the village of Temizhbekskaya, approximately 4 km from the river. Kuban.
Initially, Chelbas flows to the north-west, but at the village of Novoplatnirovskaya it changes direction to the west and, before reaching the Sea of Azov, forms a series of small estuaries connecting through floodplains with the Sladky, Gorky and Kushchevaty estuaries, which through the Chelbassky arm are connected to the vast Beysugsky estuary, hydrologically connected with the Sea of Azov. R length Chelbasa is 288 km long, its drainage basin is symmetrical and has an area of 3950 km 2. “The main right-bank tributaries of Chelbas are the small rivers Borisovka and Tikhonkaya. On the left, the Sredny Chelbas river flows into it at the village of Kanevskaya.
According to the nature of the river valley and the water regime of the river. Chelbas is similar to the river. It is 4 but differs from the latter in slightly less water content.! The average water flow at the village of Novoplatnirovskaya is 2.41 m 3 /s, and the maximum is only 40 m 3 /s. The insignificance of the river slope determines * the slowness of the water flow in it and the strong tortuosity of its bed. iHa p. About 120 ponds were built in Chelbasa and its tributaries, used for watering and fish farming. The heavily overgrown and silted Chelbas is a striking example of a river in a state of “old age” and decline.
Waters of the river Chelbasa is also highly mineralized and hard. The salt content in them fluctuates during low water from 2000 to 5200 mg/l. The predominant (by weight) ions are sulfate, sodium and bicarbonate. According to the classification of O. A. Alekin, the waters of the river. Chelbasa is mainly sodium sulfate of the second type.
Drinking, technical and irrigation qualities of river water. Chelbasa are low, although somewhat better than those of the river. To her. They also have sulfate attack on concrete.
In the Chelbas valley there are the villages of Arkhangelskaya, Novorozhdestvenskaya, Staroleushkovskaya, Krylovskaya, Kanevskaya, which in summer are surrounded by green gardens.
Beysug River
The Beysug is the third longest and second largest river in the Azov-Kuban lowland. This is a typical steppe river.
Beysug translated from Tatar means “princely” or “main” river.
The sources of Beysug are springs located 9 km northwest of the city of Kropotkin. Directing its leisurely course to the northwest, the river flows into the Beysugsky estuary near the village of Brinkovskaya, having traveled 243 km.
The river's drainage basin area is 5190 km2. Its largest tributaries are the Beisuzhek Left (or South Beisuzhek) and the Beisuzhek Right, which have water flow throughout most of the year.
Beysuzhek Right has a length of 93 km and a drainage area of 759 km 2 .
With a few exceptions, the banks of Beisug are flat. The length of the river is well developed. In the middle reaches of the river, the width of its bed in some places reaches 400 m, the height of the banks is 7-8 m. Downstream the river valley expands even more. The banks here are lower and do not exceed 5-6 m. Almost along the entire length of the river, its right bank is higher than the left.
In its middle and lower reaches, the Beysug is very winding, in places it forms wide reaches, numerous bays and oxbow lakes! The river bed is overgrown with moisture-loving vegetation, among which main role reeds, reeds and sedges play. Starting from the village of Bryukhovetskaya, there are arcs of floodplains, bordered on the north by salt licks. The Beysug River and its tributaries are blocked by multiple dams, forming about 200 ponds!
The river's water regime is unstable. Its water levels and flows fluctuate significantly throughout the year. Average annual consumption is small and in the middle reaches near the village of Baturinskaya is about 2.4 m 3 /s.; The river is fed by precipitation and springs and, due to significant ground nutrition, does not dry out.
The flood here occurs in the spring, but in some years there are floods from rainfall in the river basin.; At the same time, the narrow Beysug branch does not ensure the flow of water from the river into the Beysug estuary and the river overflows the banks. This largely explains the presence of plugs in the lower reaches of the river. Beisuga.
In the estuary part of the river, with winds in westerly directions, surges of sea water from the Beisugsky estuary are observed.
Shedding on the river occurs from mid-November to the second half of December, and opening in late February-early April. There is usually no ice drift, and the ice gradually melts into a pond.
“The waters of the Beisuga River are less mineralized than the rivers Ey and Chelbasa, but still the salt content in them is high and fluctuates during low water from about 1000 to 2600 mg/l. Water hardness is also increased. Predominant by weight
ions are sulfate, and in second place are sodium or hydrocarbonate ions! According to the classification of O. A. Alein, these are sodium sulfate waters of the second type. In the river valley The villages of Lovlinskaya, Novovlashmirovskaya, Novomalorossiyskaya, Berezanskaya, Baturin:kaya, Brinkovskaya and others are located in Beisuga.
We should briefly dwell on the description of the largest left-bank tributary of the river. Beisuga - Beisuzhka of the Left, or the right one.
Beysuzhek Left (South)
This river originates 11 km northwest of the village of Tbilisskaya. It first flows in a westerly direction, but near the city of Korenovsk it changes it to the north-west and flows into the river. Beisug near the village of Bryukhovetskaya, having traveled 161 km. The area of the drainage basin is 1890 km2.
The most significant tributary flowing into the Beysuzhek is right side, is r. Zhuravka, into which the river in turn flows. Malevana. Both shallow rivers flow through fairly deep ravines with a barely noticeable current; in summer they dry up almost completely.
The Beisuzhek River in the middle and lower reaches forms numerous whimsical bends.
In terms of water regime, it is similar to the river. Beysug. Fluctuations in levels can reach 5 m. Minimum consumption falls in other years to almost zero. But the river does not dry up completely. The average long-term annual flow rate at the village of Novokorsunskaya is 2.4 m 3 / s, and the maximum is about 41 m 3 / s. Numerous dams were built on it, turning the river into a chain of ponds that serve as regulators surface runoff and are used by the population for watering, irrigation and fish farming.
At the end of November - beginning of December the river freezes, and in March it is free of ice.
Waters of the river South Beysuzhka are less mineralized than the river. Beisuga, and therefore their drinking and technical qualities are higher. The sum of ions near the city of Korenovsk fluctuates during low water from 600 to 1700 mg/l, with the sulfate ion in first place (by weight), and the hydrocarbonate ion in second place. According to the classification of O. A. Alekin, these are calcium sulfate waters of the second type.
On the river Beisuzhka is located the city of Korenovsk, the villages of Novokorsunskaya, Bryukhovetskaya and other settlements.
Kirpili River
IN 7-8 km northwest of the village of Ladozhskaya the steppe river originates. Kirpili, flowing into the Kirpilsky estuary 10 km west of the village of Stepnoy. Its length is 202 km, the drainage basin area is 2650 km 2.
At the village of Medvedovskaya, the left bank tributary of its river flows into Kirpili. Kochety is 37 km long, which is formed from the confluence of the rivers First, Second and Third Kochety and collects water from an area of 1050 km 2.
Near the city of Timashevsk, a small river flows into Kirpili on the right. Kirpiltsy.
Kirpili meanders rather whimsically across the plain. Its bed is mostly overgrown with water-loving vegetation.
From the city of Timashevsk to the village of Novodzherelievskaya, the river flows along a wide channel, forming a chain of estuaries. To the west, spreading even wider, it swamps the area, turning it into floodplains. There is also a number of small lakes here, which turn into a whole chain of estuaries near the Sea of Azov, of which the largest is Kirpilsky. The latter is connected to the Sea of Azov through the Ryasny and Akhtarsky estuaries. Food p. Kirpili comes from precipitation and groundwater. This is a low-water river. Its average annual flow rate near the village of Medvedovskaya is about 2 m 3 /s, and the maximum can reach up to 51 m 3 /s
N/ “In winter, the river freezes, and freeze-up usually occurs in early December. In March, the river is freed from its ice shackles.
There are over 100 ponds in the Kirpili basin, which are used for watering, irrigation and fish farming.
Water in the river Bricks have increased mineralization (from 600 to 1700 mg/l) and hardness. The predominant ones by weight during low water are sulfate and hydrocarbonate mons.,
In the Kirpili valley there are such settlements as the villages of Medvedovskaya, Novodzherelievskaya, the city of Timashevsk, etc.
How to rejuvenate steppe rivers
As already noted, our steppe rivers previously had more water. This is evidenced by well-developed wide river valleys, which do not correspond to their current low water content. Historians write about this. But not only thousands of years ago, even 100 years ago they were fuller. But is it possible to restore the old conditions, the old landscape? This is impossible to do. However, it is possible and necessary to eliminate some of the reasons causing a decrease in the water content of steppe rivers and apply a system of measures aimed at “rejuvenating” these rivers. The problem of reviving the steppe rivers of our region is one of the most important means in the struggle for high yields. After all, the northern steppe zone occupies about 40% of the region’s territory, and agriculture here suffers greatly from drought.
What needs to be done to “rejuvenate” steppe rivers? First of all, it is necessary to clear the riverbed with dredgers from silt, the layer of which at the bottom of reservoirs reaches 5-7 m in places. This will open bottom springs, increase the depth of rivers and ponds, reduce the evaporating surface, and, consequently, the evaporation of river water. In order to open springs on the slopes of river valleys, covered with fine earth deposits from slope runoff and dust storms, the river banks should also be locally cleared of sediment.
To prevent siltation of steppe rivers in the future, it is necessary to prevent the erosion of earthen dams of ponds by strengthening them and creating the necessary spillways. At the same time, it would be necessary to streamline pond farming on the steppe rivers of the zone, eliminating unnecessary small ponds and creating a calculated network of large, deep-water, well-regulated reservoirs.
The prevention of siltation of rivers would be facilitated by stopping the plowing of the slopes of river valleys and continuous afforestation of river banks by planting forest belts up to 30 meters wide or more. Forest belts would also improve the flow of precipitation into rivers. It should be noted that something is being done in this direction by collective farms. For example, in the Kanevsky district, the riverbed was cleared and afforestation was carried out on the Albashi and Chelbasa rivers.
Plots pp. Right and Left Beisuzhka, assigned to the fish collective farm of the Bryukhovetsky district, are constantly stocked with fish valuable species. 1,400 hectares of artificial ponds have been created. The banks of these rivers have been afforested on an area of 40 hectares. In some places, outdated structures on rivers are being replaced with new ones. However, all these measures to use local water resources are not enough to radically increase the water flow of steppe rivers and solve the problem of combating drought in the steppe zone of the region.
Even after their reconstruction, the rivers of the Azov-Kuban lowland will be able to irrigate only about 5% of the arable land located in their basins. Therefore, there is a need to attract “external water resources" So far only the waters of the river can be like this. Kuban. They can be used to feed a number of steppe rivers, and primarily such as the Eya, Chelbas, Beysug, as well as for irrigation and watering of lands in the steppe zone of the region.
Use of river waters Kuban can be implemented either through the Levo Egorlyk Canal, or by creating additional reservoirs on the river. Kuban from the village of Temizhbekskaya to the city of Ust-Labinsk.
The Kubangiprovodkhoz Design Institute has developed a master plan for the Krasnodar irrigation system. It provides for irrigation of 86 thousand hectares and watering of about 600 thousand hectares of land in the basins of the steppe rivers Yey, Beisug, Chelbas and Kalala. This system covers partially adjacent areas of the Stavropol Territory and Rostov Region.
Water for the irrigated area will be supplied from the river. Kuban near the village of Temizhbekskaya, where a retaining dam and pumping station are being designed. From here the water will flow north through a concrete channel. The canal will then branch into two distributors - Beloglinsky and Pavlovsky, which will pass along the watersheds of steppe rivers. From these channels using automated pumping stations water will be supplied to a closed network of metal, reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines branched into irrigation systems. It is planned to irrigate the fields using powerful irrigation machines “Fregat” and “Volzhanka”.
In the upper reaches of the river. In Kalala, a reserve reservoir of about 400 million m3 was also designed for seasonal regulation of water flow within the irrigation system.
The first stage of the Krasnodar irrigation and water supply system with an area of 20 thousand hectares is already under construction and should go into operation in 1979.
In the future, the construction of the Kuban irrigation system is planned on the territory of the Tbilisi, Ust-Labinsk, Vyselkovsky and Korenovsky districts. It will flood the middle and lower parts of the pp basins. Beisuga and Kirpili. To provide this system with water in the middle reaches of the Kuban, it is planned to create another large reservoir. Waste water from irrigation systems will ultimately end up in steppe rivers and thereby also increase their water supply.
Unfortunately, the water resources of the river. Kuban is also limited. Irrigation systems of the Stavropol Territory take a lot of water from its upper reaches. A significant part of the river flow. Kuban is used in its lower reaches for irrigation of rice systems. As a result, little river water remains to recharge steppe rivers. Therefore, in conditions of insufficient natural water supply great importance has economical consumption of water and searches additional sources water resources. In the future, the problem will be solved by transferring water from the river to our region. Volga.
Natural conditions of the Kuban River basin
Kuban is the longest and most abundant river in the Krasnodar Territory, one of the largest rivers in the Caucasus. Its middle and lower reaches, as well as most of its tributaries, are located within our region, for which the Kuban is the main waterway. The significance of this river for the region in the past and now is so great that, according to historical tradition, the Krasnodar region is often called simply Kuban.
Originating on the slopes of the majestic gray Elbrus, outside our region, the Kuban cuts it in half and flows into the Sea of Azov near the city of Temryuk. The Kuban and its tributaries collect water from a vast basin, the natural features of which determine the appearance of the river and its character water regime.) Therefore, we begin our description of Kuban with the characteristics of its basin.
Details
The longest (311 km) and high-water (with a basin area of 8650 sq. m) river of the Azov-Kuban lowland is the Eya River.
The only longer river in this region is the Kuban River. It originates in an area near the village of Novopokrovskaya, Krasnodar Territory. The river is formed from the confluence of two other rivers - the Upornaya and Karasun rivers (from the Turkic word "karasu" - lake). The Eya River is fed by precipitation and numerous springs that occur along its path. The rivers connect near the village of Novopokrovskaya. The Karasun River (starts behind the forestry enterprise, several ponds: Karasevka, Kosaya, etc.) flows directly under the bridge on the southern side of the “hospital town”, and from the north under the same bridge the Upornaya River flows (on the new map it is designated “the source of the Eya”) , which begins behind the PSK branch named after. Kirov, flows along the Kirovsky Stav along Proletarskaya across the Solovyov Bridge. In the village the waters of Sukhaya Balka join the river. It flows in a large valley along the Kuban lowland, which is very swampy in places. The river is part of the Yeisk Estuary, in which its large reaches are clearly visible. The water in the river is fresh. Along their entire length, the tributaries are highly regulated, representing entire cascades of ponds. It collects tributaries from both sides, the largest of which are Kavalerka and Kugo-Eya. Also, the rivers Sosyka, Veselaya and others flow into it.
Story
The origin of the name of the Eya River has several versions: “yaya” - shallow; from the Turkic "yaya" - Ivan; the folklore version is “To Her Majesty,” meaning a gift presented by Suvorov to Catherine the Second. According to legend, a long time ago the river was fuller and more navigable, and galleys with Turkish treasures were sunk in it. The legend attracts many tourists making "pilgrimages". It is from the Eya River that the names of the city, farm, estuary, peninsula and spit originate. There is a version that the city of Yeysk, located on the shores of the Sea of Azov, on the Yeisk Peninsula, got its name from the name of the Yeya River.
The Eya River flows through the Kushchevsky, Novopokrovsky, Staroshcherbinsky and Krylovsky districts of the Krasnodar Territory, then through the Azovsky district, which belongs to the Rostov region.
Flora and fauna
The river valley is quite symmetrical, its banks are gentle. It consists of several small estuaries with thickets of reeds and reeds. The banks are low, so the river has a slow current.
There are many circular and reed thickets on the river, which have become a haven for a huge number of birds (including rare ones). The river reaches are a resting place for migratory birds. Swans, herons, ducks, gulls, warblers, coots, cranes and other birds live here. Among aquatic animals you can find mink, muskrat and otter here.
The Eya River is deservedly very popular among local fishermen. Its convenient location and gentle banks make it possible to quickly find comfortable spot for parking. Its main advantage is an excellent bite at any time of the year.
Numerous ponds of Ei are great opportunity for the construction of fish-breeding sites on an industrial scale. It is rich in carp, pike, silver carp, carp, perch (red and white), carp and rudd. The river is surrounded by a steppe zone, which is ideal condition for hunting. The local inhabitants are fox, hare, pigeons and pheasants. The river also helps development Agriculture- fertile lands are irrigated with its waters.
On the banks of the River there are settlements: Nezamaevskaya, Kislyakovskaya, Elizavetovka, Kalnibolotskaya, Krylovskaya and Shkurinskaya.
Unfortunately, the Eya River suffers from a large number of dams, so it is in dire need of saving. After all, without the free flow of water, siltation of springs and riverbeds begins. To save the river it is necessary to create state program. An excellent example is the improvement of the spring on Popova Balka.
Adygea - republic consisting of Russian Federation, from 1922 to 1991 was part of the Krasnodar Territory. The name of the toponym goes back to the Adyghe ethnicon - the self-name of the Adygs, Circassians and Kabardians. The etymology of the toponym has not been definitively established; There are several versions about the primary nature of the term. According to one of them, from the beginning of our era, one of the Adyghe coastal tribes called the Zikhi became the most famous; at this time they lived somewhere between the current cities of Tuapse and Gagra. By the 5th century, their territory had expanded significantly and moved to the northwest. Authors of the 8th century mention Zikhia as a significant country on the eastern shore of the Black Sea. In medieval sources, Georgians call the Circassians “Jiki”, and their country – Jiketi. According to some historians, the basis of the self-name Adyghe is the ethnonym of ancient times “Zikhi” through the not preserved intermediate form “Adzyge”. The ethnonym “Dzhigety” remained on the shores of the Black Sea until the end of the Caucasian War (18 64). An interesting hypothesis is about the origin of the ethnonym Adyghe from the Abkhaz adzy - “water” (by the way, all Abkhaz tribes called the Ubykhs adzygye). L.G. Lopatinsky etymologizes the term “adzyge” as “Pomeranians”, from adzy - “water”, ge - suffix, i.e. “living by the water” (abkh.). There is an assumption that “adehe” is derived from an Arabic word that was included in the Turkic languages, as ade - “island”, “peninsula”; the second part of the ethnonym comes down to the Adyghe hy - “sea”. It is assumed that the Adje lived on the Crimean Peninsula under the name Kabarti about 300 years ago. Sh. Nogmov has an attempt to subsume this term under the ethnonym Ant, by which the southern Slavs were known - the Ants; in this case, he is the Adyghe plural suffix
Her - steppe river in the Krasnodar Territory, originates 5 kilometers southeast of the village of Novo-Pokrovskaya, at the spur of the Stavropol plateau. It flows into the Yeisk Gulf of the Sea of Azov. (Translation see above - Yeisk). The ancient Greek geographer Strabot, who lived more than 2000 years ago, calls it Rombit... “When sailing along the coast, the first from Tanaid (Don River) at a distance of 800 stadia will be the so-called Big Rombit, in which there are many points for catching fish for salting »
Kugo-Eya - river in the Krasnodar region, right tributary of the Eya River; It originates in the Rostov region and flows into the Eyu on the northern outskirts of the village of Kushchevskaya. The first part of the hydronym is probably based on the popular name of the plant - cattail - kuga, which grows in abundance in the floodplain of the river. The second part, see Her
New Adygea - an aul on the left bank of the Kuban River in the Teuchezhsky district of the Republic of Adygea. Founded in 1926. See above (Adygea).
BATTERY - This is the name of the area east of the stud farm in the Novokubansky district. Here, at one time, the Armavir historian N.I. Navrotsky discovered an ancient settlement, named by him. In the fall of 1992, archaeologist E.I. Narozhny, while conducting an inventory of historical and cultural monuments, discovered the remains of a Russian earthen fortification with artillery positions on the site of the fort. This explains the name of the place used by the surrounding residents.
EA - river (Yeisk city, Yeisk district, Yeisk Fortification village, Yeya farms (two), Yeisk peninsula, Yeisk farm, Yeisk Spit islands, Yeisk spit, Yeisk estuary, Sosyka - Yeisk station in the village of Pavlovskaya, Starominskaya - Yeisk railway station in village Starominskaya, Kugo-Yeiskaya railway station), the most abundant and longest river of the Azov-Kuban lowland. In the lower reaches it was also called Big Yeya. The river, apparently, gave names to many geographical names. Until the 18th century on the site of modern Yeisk there was a village called Khansky town (Chebakleya - from the Turkic and). The sources of the river are located at absolute heights of no more than 100 m, and are located 11 km south of the village of Novopokrovskaya. Already in the village, the river receives its first (left) tributary, the Korsun River (13 km) (named after the city of Korsun (Ukraine), founded in the 11th century). Korsun is the Old Russian form of the name of the Greek colony in Crimea - Chersonesos, meaning. But this tributary of the Ey is indicated on the map. Local historians of the Novopokrovsky region call the river Karasun, from the Turkic - a spring, a lake, a type of shallow river fed by groundwater, i.e. a spring river. Usually translated as, referring to the fact that clear water appears dark (black) against the background of a dark bottom. In other words, this hydronym has the meaning, . The same applies to the Karasun River in the city of Krasnodar. Having traveled about 320 km west of the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, it flows into the Yeisk estuary. It has a number of fairly large tributaries: - left: r. Sosyka (159 km), r. Vesyolaya (31 km), r. Ternovka (42 km). - right: r. Gorkaya (27 km), r. Ploskaya (45 km), river. Kavalerka (80 km), r. Kugo-Eya (110 km). The name of the Eya River is translated in different ways. The most common version is from Tatar, meaning Ivan, since Russian peasants and fishermen have long settled here. The second, less common version, translation from Tatar, meaning, . Strabo calls it the Greater Rhombit, i.e. a large river rich in flounder.
KUGO-EYA - the first part of the hydronym comes from the word - a tall, watery, tubular plant from the sedge family. The river gave its name to the village of Kugoeyskaya and the village of Podkugoeysky. The Eya River made its way through the following areas: Novopokrovsky, Pavlovsky, Krylovsky, Kushchevsky, Starominsky, Shcherbinovsky.
See general.
Having a natural origin and characterized by a constant directional flow. It can begin from a spring, small pond, lakes, swamps or melting glacier. It usually ends by flowing into another larger body of water.
The source and mouth of a river are its essential components. The place where it ends its path is usually easy to see, and the beginning is often determined only conditionally. Depending on the terrain and the type of reservoirs into which rivers flow, their mouths may have differences and characteristic features.
Terminology
From source to mouth, the river flows in a channel - a depression in the earth's surface. It is washed away by a stream of water. The mouth of a river is its end, and the source is its beginning. The land surface along the flow has a downward slope. This area is defined as a river valley or basin. They are separated from each other by watersheds - hills. During floods, water spreads into depressions - floodplains.
All rivers are divided into lowland and mountain. The former are characterized by a wide channel with a slow flow, while the latter are characterized by a narrower channel with a fast water flow. In addition to the primary source, rivers are fed by precipitation, groundwater and melt water, and other smaller streams. They form tributaries. They are divided into right and left, determined along the flow. All streams that collect water in a valley from source to mouth form a river system.
In the riverbed there are deep places (reaches), holes in them (pools) and shoals (rifts). The banks (right and left) limit the water flow. If during floods the river finds a shorter path, then in the same place an oxbow lake or a secondary channel (branch) ending in a dead end is formed, which connects downstream with the main stream.
Mountain rivers often form waterfalls. These are ledges with a sharp difference in height of the earth's surface. In valleys near rivers with wide channels, islands can form - parts of land with or without vegetation.
Source
Finding the beginning of a river can sometimes be difficult. Especially if it flows into marshy area and takes water from many similar intermittent streams or springs. In this case, the beginning should be taken as the area where the current forms a permanent channel.
It is easier to determine the origin of a river if it starts from a pond, lake or glacier. Sometimes two independent large water streams, which have their own names, join together and then have one channel throughout. The neoplasm has its own name, but the point of confluence cannot be considered the source.
The Katun River, for example, connects with the Biya, which is similar in size. For both, the point of confluence will be their mouths. From this place the river already bears a new name - Ob. However, its source will be considered to be the place where the longer of these two tributaries originates. The confluence of the Argun and Shilka rivers seems to give rise to the Amur, but to say that this is its source is incorrect. At this point, two rivers merge to form a new name (toponym).
Estuary
All rivers flow into a larger body of water. The places where they merge are easily determined. This could be a larger river, lake, reservoir, sea or ocean. For each case, the mouth will have its own characteristics.
In rare cases, the mouth of a river is where it ends, spreading over the surface without any new formation. Often the earth's surface in such areas has a minimal or reverse slope. In this case, the water slows down, seeps into the soil or evaporates (dry mouth). It also happens that its demand in certain regions is excessively high. Water is withdrawn for irrigation, drinking or other needs.
Given this, the mouth is the section of the river where it flows into another larger water body, ends up drying out naturally, or is spent on consumer needs.
In addition to the usual confluence of rivers, deltas and estuaries are distinguished separately. They differ in the degree of manifestation of sedimentary rocks at the junction of the riverbed and the reservoir. Deltas are characteristic of rivers flowing into lakes, reservoirs and closed seas of continental type. They are formed by several branches and ducts.
On the coasts of oceans and open seas, the river is affected by ebbs and flows. Streams of salt water prevent silt deposits from being deposited, the depth remains constant, and wide estuaries are formed.
At the mouths of rivers there is often a long bay - a lip. It is a continuation of the channel, stretches to the very point of confluence and has a large width. The estuary, unlike the bay, is also a bay, but shallower due to the deposited silt deposits. It is often separated from the sea by a narrow strip of land. Formed due to flooding of low-lying coastal areas.
Delta
The name comes from the time of the historian Herodotus. Seeing the branched mouth of the Nile River, he called it a delta, since the outline of the area resembled the letter of the same name. This type of river mouth is a triangular formation consisting of several branches branching from the main channel.
It is formed in areas where a large amount of sediment is transported downstream by river flow. At the confluence, the flow slows down and particles of silt, sand, small gravel and other debris settle to the bottom of the riverbed. Gradually its level rises and islands form.
The water flow is looking for new passage ways. The river level rises, it overflows its banks, flooding and developing adjacent areas with the formation of new branches, channels and islands. The process of settling of transported particles continues in a new place - the mouth continues to expand.
There are active deltas characterized by abundant sedimentary processes. They are formed under the influence of counter flows of fresh and sea water. Internal deltas, in fact, are not such and can be located far from the mouth upstream of the river. They also have branching branches and ducts, but they then merge into a single channel.
Estuary
If a river carries an insufficient amount of sediment into the sea or ocean, a delta does not form at its mouth. The influence of ebb and flow of tides also does not contribute to this. In the open seas and oceans where rivers flow, salty water, entering their mouths, forms a powerful stream and wave, which in some cases can go several kilometers deep, changing the direction of the main current. During low tides reverse flow heavy sea water carries away all sedimentary particles.
An estuary is a greatly expanded mouth of a river. Unlike the delta, it has an ever-increasing depth and a pronounced wedge-shaped shape. The stronger the impact of the tidal wave on the banks of the river, the more distinct the outlines of the estuary.
