Hybrid Post ® Beam technology, which appeared in Canada only about 20 years ago, combined traditional Canadian logging and the Post ® Beam method of constructing frame structures from logs, significantly expanding the possibilities of architectural design of facades.

In the simplest version of using hybrid technology, a log first floor is built using classic Canadian felling, and the attic and porch of the house are built using frame method Post ® Beam. However, in Lately Both construction methods are increasingly being combined within the same floor.

CANADIAN CUTTING

Wooden house construction in North America its origins owe to emigrants from the Old World, who used European traditions and construction methods.

IN new technology(the first standard regulating it was dated 1976, the latest - 2012) the marking system, joint design and principles of combating shrinkage from the Norwegian felling system were taken as a basis, but the log house was made not from a gun carriage, but from a round log.

Thus, Canadian logging is considered to be a kind of symbiosis of Norwegian and Russian methods execution corner connections.

The Canadian cup has a trapezoidal saddle shape. On the upper part of the lower mating log, two cuts are made at an angle of D5-500 (the exact value depends on the diameter).

The minimum length of the cleats is two log diameters, the maximum width of the top of the seat saddle is 90 mm. A correspondingly shaped groove is cut out in the upper mating log, the depth of which must be at least 25 mm greater than the height of the saddle.

As a result, a so-called saddle gap is formed above the top of the connection of the lower log with the upper one, which will disappear when the mating crowns shrink as a result of wood shrinkage. For a long time, Canadians limited themselves to such a cup, which made it possible to obtain a fairly strong and dense self-jamming connection called “into the saddle.” But it had one drawback - it did not prevent the wood from twisting when drying.

That is why later a special tenon was introduced into the design of the castle, cut into the bowl of the upper mating log, and a corresponding groove was provided at the top of the lower saddle. (According to some experts, the tenon also helps reduce the ventilation of corner joints, but not everyone agrees with this thesis). Then another innovation appeared - they began to make a saddle-shaped lock not only at the top, but also at the bottom of the log, resulting in the so-called diamond bowl. As a result, today there are three options for connecting to a Canadian cup: with bars (“in the saddle”), with bars and a tenon, as well as with upper and lower bars and a tenon.

Another feature of the Canadian felling is the original shape of the longitudinal grooves in the mating logs. So, in the lower part of the upper log, a double groove (doublegroove) in the shape of the letter W is cut, and in the upper part of the lower log, a single groove (veegroove) in the shape of the letter V is cut.

True, domestic carpenters, gradually mastering a new technology for themselves, abandoned the use of both, replacing these grooves with a lunar semicircular groove, more familiar to Russian cutting, but with sharp lower edges (as in Finnish or Norwegian cutting), which allows you to reliably protect the groove from the weather inside intercrown insulation. The width of such a groove, as a rule, is at least 12 cm, but can reach up to % of the diameter of the log, making the connection much warmer than in the Canadian version.

Types of log corner cuts

1. Russian felling

The connecting bowl is located at the bottom of the top log, which makes the corner joint more resistant to precipitation
2. Russian fat tail cutting

It has an improved bowl with a special spike - fat tail. On the opposite side of the log, a groove is created for the tenon of the next log
3.Norwegian cabin from gun carriage

Reminiscent of fat-tail cutting, but the bowl is formed by inclined cuts, thanks to which, when the wood dries out, the joint self-seals under the weight of the crowns
4.Canadian log cabin

A symbiosis of Norwegian and Russian fat-tail cutting - inclined edges and a groove for a tenon are created on the top of the log, which is located in the lower bowl of the upper log

POST® BEAM TECHNOLOGY

The Canadian Post ® Beam logging is essentially a direct descendant of the now almost forgotten Russian logging (in a post, in a rack, in a lock), in which the frame of the building is assembled from vertical posts with grooves selected along them. Logs are inserted horizontally into the latter, at the ends of which spikes corresponding to the geometry are pre-cut.

Moreover, at the bottom of each horizontal log a longitudinal recess is made and filled with compaction (moss, tow, etc.), as in other types of Russian logging. But if in Rus' the space between the log posts was usually filled with so-called whips (thin tops of trunks), and similar technology used mainly for the construction of unheated outbuildings, then in Norway, and then in Canada, residential buildings were successfully built on it.

The difference was that in Norway a carriage was used to fill the spaces between the posts, and in Canada rather thick logs were used (their diameter was at least 300 mm).

And the posts themselves in the Canadian version of the felling have become more powerful - their diameter physically cannot be less than 400 mm, since in the area where the filling logs adjoin them, it is necessary to make cuts on the posts with a width of 200 mm. Application of logs large diameter- this is not only a tribute to fashion and beauty, but also an opportunity to reduce the number of crowns of a log structure, which, in turn, reduces heat loss through the walls.

It should be noted that in the Post ® Beam technology, the openings between the posts can be filled not only with logs, but also with insulated frame structures, blocks (including those made of foam materials), as well as glass. The wall frame is firmly connected with the equally powerful slab roof structure, forming almost a single whole with it.

Left: Canadian bowl - a traditional version. It involves making ridges (“cheeks”) only on the top part of the log. Suitable for joining logs of any diameter, and especially for combining small and large diameter logs
Right: Canadian Diamond Bowl
The notches are made on the upper and lower parts of the log; the result is a more labor-intensive, but unusually beautiful connection. Only suitable for joining large diameter logs

CANADIAN CUTTING - CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Manufacturing of necessary elements and preliminary assembly of the house, the design of which combined both log and frame technology, were produced on a specially equipped construction site located near timber harvesting sites.

Thus, it was possible not only to select the most suitable blanks for each structural element, but also to control the work of carpenters at all stages, and in addition, to use lifting equipment without time restrictions. But the main advantage of such an organization of work is the following.

Structures of this type are built using not only Canadian cups, but also grooves and tenons of a wide variety of shapes and sizes, which must be carefully (and therefore long) carried out and scrupulously adjusted to each other, otherwise the house will be impossible to assemble.

That is why the production of log and frame elements and preliminary assembly take many months. However, the customer is not present at preparatory stage, but only watches how the skeleton of a future house is assembled on his site in just a few days from brought logs.

Upon completion of the work, the builders marked each structural element and drew up an assembly diagram (it is a necessary appendix to the construction contract). The frame was then dismantled, packaged and transported to the client’s site, where it was reassembled, but now on a foundation, which was a monolithic slab.

The frame was mounted on wooden dowels, which gave rigidity to the wall structure. When installing the roof we used technological methods and details that allow elements rafter system free to slide relatively log walls during shrinkage of the log house.

The progress of the construction of a house made of Siberian cedar logs with a diameter of 35 to 100 cm is presented in sufficient detail in the photographs, so we will comment only on the stage of constructing the roof, which remained “behind the scenes”. A continuous flooring of planks was built on top of the rafters, thus creating a ceiling.

Through the vapor barrier, in increments of 60 cm, boards with a cross section of 200 * 50 mm were nailed to it, installing them on a narrow edge. In the cavity between the boards, slabs of mineral wool insulation with a total thickness of 200 mm were laid in layers, covered with a vapor-permeable membrane, which was pressed to the boards with counter battens with a cross-section of 50 * 50 mm. Next, a pre-treated antiseptic compound was attached to the counter slats. wooden sheathing from a block with a cross-section of 100 x 25 mm, and to the last - a flooring made of metal tiles of the color chosen by the owners.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CANDY CUTTING

As we have already noted, recently in our country there has been increased interest in Canadian logging and the associated Post ® Beam and Hybrid Post ® Beam technologies, about which many laudatory reviews are published. Of course, these methods have certain advantages, but not all of them are absolutely indisputable. Let's start with the advantages of the Canadian logging itself, first of all with its undoubted advantage.

In the Canadian bowl, double-sided cuts are performed only in the lower log. The result is a cone-shaped “saddle”-zamon, which self-seals as the wood dries out. This solution eliminates the appearance of cracks in the corners of the log house and eliminates the need for repeated caulking.

But it’s quite possible to argue with other theses.

The Canadian bowl is a stronger and warmer compound than the Russian bowl.

Compared to normal round bowl cutting into a flare or into a flap, then the Canadian one is really stronger. However, such cuts as in a fat tail or in a flange with a cut are in no way inferior to it in strength, and a cut in a hook is even superior.

If we talk about the “warmth” of the connection, then with a log diameter of 300 mm, the thickness of the wood at the junction of the logs in the Canadian cup in the narrowest part does not exceed 200-250 mm. The width of the insulation embedded in the saddle gap in this zone is a maximum of 70 mm. The thickness of the wood layer when joined into a Russian bowl is almost equal to the diameter of the log. At the same time, the latter is insulated over the entire area. So which of the two compounds is warmer?

The next statement: it is less labor-intensive to implement. Yes, making a trapezoid with almost flat edges by cutting with a chainsaw is really easier than, as in the Russian version, cutting out a bowl with an axe, adze, or even a chisel.

But let’s not forget that making a Canadian bowl also involves a rather complex double drawing of logs, as well as a large volume manual grinding. That is why the price of Canadian log houses is quite high. It is also necessary to take into account the influence of processing methods on the durability of wood. The saw loosens and “fringes” the surface of the wood, which even after sanding remains vulnerable to the penetration of dampness. The ax smoothes the outer layers, closing the pores, which prevents moisture from penetrating inside the product. So which option is better?

Now about Post ® Beam technology. Like all frame methods construction, it allows you to build houses on permanent place their location with greater speed (assembly lasts 1-2 weeks). And proceed to finishing walls can be installed immediately after the installation of the frame is completed (the structure is not subject to shrinkage).

But if we talk about the Hybrid Post ® Beam technology, in which a log structure is combined with a frame structure, then when they shrink, they will behave completely differently. Of course, the situation can be saved by screw shrinkage compensators installed under each pillar support, but only on the condition that the need for their regulation will be monitored experienced specialists. In general, the construction of such houses - structurally complex, with elements having a huge mass - should be trusted exclusively to professionals in this technology. Unfortunately, we still have few of those.

And yet the appearance on Russian market The new technology cannot but rejoice, because it opens up wide opportunities for architects to implement various ideas designed to make each house unusual and even unique, like a work of art. Besides. Hybrid Post ® Beam saves money cash thanks to the use of lighter foundation options ( frame construction lighter than logs) and reducing the start time for finishing work.

DIAGRAMS FOR THE SHRINKING PROCESS OF RUSSIAN AND CANADIAN BOWLS

1. The shape of the bowl partially follows the surface of the lower log. The insulation is laid over the entire area of ​​the bowl

2. The logs are adjusted to each other more accurately. The insulation is placed in the so-called saddle gap

3-4. Both types of cups undergo changes during drying. Depending on the initial moisture content of the logs, their diameter decreases by 5-10 96. Accordingly, the shapes of the bowls and the size of the gaps in them change. The log house begins to settle

5. Large gaps remain at the bottom of the cup, which will have to be caulked with flax jute or tow.

6.Due to the triangular shape of the bowl, the connection self-seals. No need to caulk

Filling frame walls

The connection of the ends of the horizontal elements with the vertical logs-posts was made using the “tenon-groove” system: the groove was selected in the posts (a), and the tenons were cut at the ends of the filling logs (b). At the bottom of each log, a longitudinal groove was selected, into which final assembly an inter-crown seal was inserted. They also sealed the tongue-and-groove joints.

Additional Information

CLEANING THE BARK WITH A JET OF WATER

When processing wood, it is important to preserve it natural properties. That is why devices are increasingly being used to remove bark from a log using a pressurized water jet. With this debarking, the metal of the tool does not come into contact with the most important protective layer of the log - the sapwood and does not damage it. As a result, wood not only preserves natural beauty and surface texture, but also better resists impact environment.

CENTURY TRADITIONS

The main tool of a carpenter, as many centuries ago, is a “draw” - a tool similar to a compass: when marking, one leg slides along the surface of the lower log, the second draws a line on the upper one. Another ancient, but equally indispensable tool is an adze, with which a longitudinal groove is made. This ax smoothes the outer layers of wood, closing the pores and preventing moisture from penetrating inside the product.

LITTLE TRICKS

It is no secret that when cutting logs across the edge of the cut with a chainsaw, thin chips become overgrown. To prevent their appearance, a simple technique is used - a knife is first drawn along the cut line. In this case, chips may appear only on the cut part of the log

Probably many people dreamed of their own small country house, built from wooden log house. Such huts will look great both on their own and will be a great addition. landscape design. In addition, log buildings have excellent thermal insulation. You can build such a house using several technologies, among which Canadian logging is the most popular. And this is not surprising, because winters in Canada are very cold and snowy, so Canadians certainly know a lot about building warm and cozy houses.

general information

Canadian logging, the technology of which will be described later in the article, is distinguished by its quality and has virtually no disadvantages. It was invented about 50 years ago and during this time it became widespread throughout the world. This is due to the fact that the technology is entirely based on manual labor and does not require the use of specialized equipment, so the cost of log houses is relatively low. However, in order for the house to turn out to be of high quality, warm and durable, you must have certain skills and knowledge, because when installing logs, every millimeter is important.

Selection of materials

Before you understand the principle by which Canadian logging houses are built, you need to talk about the choice of materials. This is very important because the logs must meet certain standards. Their diameter at the top of the trunk must be at least 30 centimeters. This is due to the fact that their thickness will decrease after shrinkage and shrinkage of the structure. In addition, the larger the diameter of the logs, the better the heat will be retained in the building. However, such material is more expensive. Therefore, when choosing building material You should consider your financial capabilities.

As for the length, the Canadian loghouse, the photo of which looks simply amazing, involves the use of logs 14 meters long. It is possible to build houses from longer logs, but in this case the joining of logs must be done with screw ties, and the joints must be covered with a transverse wall.

A few words about wood species

The best material for houses built according to Canadian technology, are coniferous trees that are highly resistant to moisture and have a high resin content. Such houses will not be afraid of any climatic conditions. In addition, structures made from these types of wood will last for many years.

In our country, the following types of trees are used to construct buildings using Canadian logging technology:

• Pine is highly dense and has a high resin content, so houses made of this wood will last for quite a long time, even if they are not lined with anything.
• Larch is even superior to pine in its density and amount of resin content, so it is not only not afraid of moisture, but is also not susceptible to rotting.
• Cedar is valued for its antiseptic properties.

These types of wood are considered traditional for houses built using Canadian logging, so it is best to use them.

Construction technology

Canadian felling of houses, the designs of which can be very diverse, is ideal option for the construction of buildings made of round logs in regions with severe climatic conditions and very frosty winters. The logs and insulation are laid in such a way that the structure does not require cladding, retains heat well and eliminates drafts.

The logs are joined together using the tongue-and-groove principle. The spike is directed downward, resulting in higher thermal insulation. The groove is cut in the same shape as the tenon. Thanks to the identical shape of the tenon and groove, the logs are firmly fixed to each other, and after the wood shrinks and the building settles, no gaps form between them. To prevent the penetration of cold air and moisture at the joints of the logs, insulation is placed in the cup.

When cutting out a cup, Canadian log house cutting involves cutting the log at an angle of 45 degrees. In this case, the tilt radius may slightly increase or decrease depending on the thickness of the logs. To achieve maximum fit of the logs to each other after shrinkage, a small gap approximately 3 centimeters thick is hollowed out in the cup.

The size of the landing part of the tenon depends on the width of the landing gap. Its minimum width is 9 centimeters. However, when cutting it out, you need to try to ensure that its shape matches the groove.

Canadian logging is based on these rules. A project built using this technology will last for several decades and will retain heat perfectly without replacing the insulation material.

Canadian and Russian cutting: what are the differences

The Russian technology for constructing log houses differs from the Canadian one in that in it the shape of the nest has the same shape as the log, while in Canadian logging the bowl is trapezoidal. Thus, when joining logs using Russian technology, gaps will form between them, which will have to be sealed, and this takes a lot of time.

However, the owner of a house built using Russian felling technology will encounter the main problem approximately in the third year of operation of the building after it has settled down. Between the logs there will be quite large gaps which will have to be caulked. Canadian logging does not have this drawback, so the house will remain warm and protected from drafts for a long period of time.

The second significant difference is the ease of construction. Russian felling requires quite a lot of time and physical effort, since it involves multi-stage procurement and processing of materials, as well as an overly complex technology for laying logs. Canadian technology is simpler because there is nothing superfluous in it.

Advantages of Canadian logging

1. The processing of materials and the construction of the building are carried out entirely by hand, so the quality of the house can be controlled at all stages of construction.
2. Excellent thermal insulation. Thanks to a special technology for fastening logs and the absence of gaps between them, heat loss is minimized.
3. Canadian logging allows the use of logs that have not been cleared of bark, which will provide better thermal insulation and additional protection from external factors and pests.
4. After laying the logs and completing the construction of the house, the aesthetic appearance of the tree is preserved, thanks to which the buildings look very beautiful even without cladding.
5. The technology is very simple, so people who do not have a construction education or similar work experience can master it.

In addition to all of the above, this construction technology is universal, therefore it allows you to implement any projects.

If you do not have any experience in construction and you have not studied to be a carpenter, then it is recommended to use a saw and chisel when working with logs and creating a castle. First, notches are made on the log, after which all excess is simply hollowed out. To ensure that all the locks turn out to be of high quality and the joints are reliable, it is recommended to make a template in advance, according to which you will do all the work.

Conclusion

Canadian cutting is one of the best construction technologies, with the help of which you can build a reliable, warm, cozy and durable house from logs. At the same time, during construction you can independently control all processes, which will allow you to carefully work out everything to the smallest detail and create the home of your dreams. During work, the most important thing is to adhere to certain instructions and observe safety precautions.

On the one hand, the design does not seem to be the most complicated. On the other hand, few people work with the Canadian bowl. Why?

Because it’s not enough to just make a trapezoidal bowl shape, cut a tenon on the top log and a groove on the bottom. It is necessary to optimally calculate all dimensions so that the parts of the lock fit as tightly as possible to each other. Otherwise, all the advantages of such a cup will come to naught.

And only real professionals who have been working with logs for years can cope with this task. manual cutting. At the same time, do something like this quality connection is possible only with the help of excellent professional tool, which is quite expensive and not everyone has it.

What is the main advantage of cutting a log house into a Canadian bowl?

In the tightness of corner joints after shrinkage of the house. Unlike the classic Russian bowl, this connection of logs does not dry out after shrinkage. It's still tight!

It turns out that the joints of logs in the Canadian bowl do not need re-caulking? This is partly true. But not really!

It is impossible to predict how the tree will behave when it dries out. Therefore, it cannot be guaranteed that the Canadian bowl completely eliminates the need for subsequent caulking.

But we can guarantee that the amount of caulking work after the house has settled will be minimal and experienced craftsmen will cope with the task very quickly.

Many will agree with the statement that in wooden house There is a magical atmosphere. This “hut” seems to have come out of a fairy tale, and looks quite harmonious both in the forest and in the suburbs of the metropolis. If you dream of creating just such a home, you should use the Canadian felling method. About ten years ago, few people had heard of this method, but today Canadian log cutting is quite common. It is noteworthy that in Canada this method has been used since the 70s of the last century, and, therefore, the technology is time-tested.

Material selection

Canadian house logging involves the use of logs that meet specific standards. Experts insist on using logs with a diameter of at least 30 cm at the top. This condition must be met due to the specifics of shrinkage and shrinkage of the entire log structure. A larger diameter can be used at the request of the customer - the thicker the log, the fewer crowns are needed for a log structure, which, of course, will have a positive effect on preserving the heat of the future home. The thick log guarantees thermal insulation of the corner cups.

The length of the logs used can be 14m. During the construction of walls that exceed this parameter in length or according to design needs, joining can be done using screw ties. In addition, the junction must be covered with a transverse wall of the cut. It turns out that for large-area projects, using different lengths of harvested logs, it is possible to erect buildings of any shape and size. It is important to choose the right logs in terms of quality, diameter and length.

In the process of construction wooden cottages Canadian logging uses only wood coniferous varieties. This is due to the high stability coniferous wood to environmental humidity. Such a house will not be subject to destruction either in wet weather or in rain or snow. This wood contains a lot of resins; in addition, it has a high density.

Can be used:

• pine It is traditionally used for the construction of log houses. The level of its resin content and high density guarantee the durability of the structure, and the attractive amber shade of the timber makes it possible to leave the cottage without cladding
• larch. Its strength is 30% higher than that of pine. The level of resin is also higher, so it is more resistant to damage by microorganisms. This wood is a good option for baths
• cedar (cedar pine) is a natural antiseptic. Since ancient times, people have noticed that this wood heals those who live in the house
• Canadian red cedar.

Technology

Canadian logging, the technology of which is excellent when you need a log house with round log, perfectly protects against drafts. Also, this type felling makes it possible not to think about constantly filling up the log house. After all, the technology itself assumes the absence of gaps.

The Canadian log house is built using the tongue-and-groove technology. The groove is a Canadian cup, it faces downwards, as a result of which it is guaranteed additional protection from drafts and moisture. The groove is trapezoidal in shape, and the tenon coinciding with it is wedge-shaped. This is what prevents the cups from opening during drying with the formation of cracks (as in the case of Russian felling), but “jams” the logs one on top of the other. It is worth noting that neither moisture nor air comes into contact with the insulation in the bowl, which means it retains all its properties.

In the process of forming the Canadian cup, double-sided cutting of the log is used at an angle of 45-50 degrees. However, the accuracy of the angle is determined by a specialist for specific logs and adjusted manually. The length of the cut is taken to be two diameters of the log itself (often 60 cm). It is very important to align the notch lines with the mating line of the cups to ensure the integrity of the logs.

To guarantee perfect abutment and “jamming” of the log in the groove and cups during drying, it is worth leaving a special saddle gap of approximately 25 mm. This process is called hanging logs - underwriting or drawing with magnification.

Experts distinguish two types of bowl (lock):

• classic with two tassels at the top
• diamond or diamond notch, which has four notches, two on top and two on bottom. Quite similar to a Norwegian castle, only on a round log.

In Canadian logging there are log releases at the corner joints, which are called “corners”. Such issues are issued different ways: flat end, radially, running, figured/curvilinear. The use of logs in the corners of the butt “skirts” allows you to give an attractive style log houses, which emphasizes the uniqueness and natural beauty of natural architecture.

Why is it worth building according to Canadian logging?

There are a number of reasons why it is worth constructing buildings using Canadian technology:

• this method requires builders to select and process each log by hand. Even the planing and sanding of logs has to be done by specialists rather than by machines, which makes it possible to choose the most quality material and achieve its best condition for construction. Thus, a log prepared for Canadian felling compares favorably with a rounded one
• Heat saving is the basic concept for this technology. For this reason, even cups for insulation and grooves are selected manually to guarantee the most accurate connection
• Due to the peculiarities of fitting logs, it is possible to build a log house in such a way that it looks like a solid mass without joints, gaps, or gaps. The insulation is not visible either from the outside or from the inside, and a second “caulk” is not needed
• Canadian log cutting assumes that during the process of forming walls, the outer layer of wood is not removed, this guarantees the building additional biosecurity and protection from freezing
• The wood layer prevents damage by microorganisms, and also preserves the material from destruction from ultraviolet radiation and burnout. This means that the tree does not change its color under the sun and its properties over time.
• the log retains its natural curves, natural shape and surface structure, thus removing some artificiality from the log house
• Using this technology, a special microclimate is formed in the house, as a result of which the level of comfort and coziness increases. The bathhouse looks very advantageous - the Canadian cabin makes it possible to save money for this room maximum amount properties of the original tree.

Disadvantages of Canadian logging

Among the disadvantages it is worth highlighting:

• possible errors arising from the fact that the crowns are selected by eye without special measurements
• inexperienced craftsmen may not symmetrically attach horizontal crowns
• only experienced craftsmen can build using Canadian technology
• high price.

At all times, the quality of log buildings has been measured by their durability. The technology has been honed over centuries, with masters passing on their art from generation to generation.

Canadian logging was invented by Russian settlers who set foot on American soil in the early 18th century. Solid and beautiful have gained wide popularity in Canada, hence the name of the method.

Canadian log cutting technology

Canadian logging is used in the construction of structures made of massive round profile logs. The diameter of the logs varies from 30 to 60 cm, the thicker the log, the better. The “Canadian cup” frame is easily recognizable – a trapezoid-shaped bowl with side edgings. This technology allows the grooves to be firmly jammed and ensure that there are no gaps between the logs. During the shrinkage process, the log frame forms almost monolithic wall. Best materials for the construction of a Canadian log house - pine, larch or cedar, harvested in winter.

Each log used is selected with the utmost care.
Processing is carried out exclusively by hand, this preserves the upper protective layer wood fibers - sapwood.
Precise fit ensures that there are no gaps between the logs.
The layers of insulation are not visible, creating the feeling of a solid solid wood.
Creating a comfortable microclimate indoors - the house is warm in winter and cool in summer.
Unpretentious in operation - no work on insulation or elimination of cracks and cracks is required.

Initially, the Canadian log differed from the Russian and Norwegian only in the shape of the bowl, which, thanks to its trapezoidal shape, tightly fit the adjacent log during the shrinkage process. However, over time, additional tenons and grooves began to be used inside the bowl; with their help, it was possible to achieve a tight connection of the logs and ideal mating of the crowns. The junction of the internal groove and the tenon is called the “fat tail”; during the shrinkage process, the logs are tightly connected to each other, while the entire mass of the insulation remains inside, which improves appearance the buildings. To minimize defects arising during the drying process, it is used special technology- humiliation. A cut is made along the axis of the log; its depth ranges from 5 to 15 mm. Thanks to this, the log does not crack when dried and retains its original shape.

Economics of construction: comparing Canadian and Russian logging

The construction of a Canadian log house is an expensive process, but quite justified from the point of view of durability. You can visually distinguish a Canadian felling from a Russian one, even in a photo, by the presence or absence of characteristic knots in the cutting areas.

And yet, the main difference is the tenon in the “Canadian cup” - it is this that guarantees the absence of gaps between the logs and the high heat-saving characteristics of the building.

The technology in this case is much more complicated, and the cost of the log house will be higher than when using Russian log house. The time required is also higher, this is due to the complexity of fitting the tenons and grooves inside the bowl and careful sanding of the wood.

When choosing a cutting option, the percentage of wood shrinkage is first taken into account, because over time the diameter of the log can become 10% smaller. This will lead to a violation of the proportions of the cup and the appearance of cracks. Natural shrinkage is an inevitable process, and even the highest quality logs sag, creating cracks that will have to be filled with tow or other specialized material. It is at this stage that it becomes obvious advantage Canadian cutting before Russian: the deformation of the cups will be almost zero, and cracks will form extremely rarely. In addition, the shape of the cup prevents the accumulation of moisture, reducing the likelihood of rotting and damage to the wood.

The disadvantage of Canadian cutting can be considered the complexity of execution. All work is done by hand, due to which the top dense layer of wood remains on the logs, ensuring the high resistance of the building to environmental influences. The increase in monetary and time costs for building a house using Canadian technology will fully justify itself in 5–7 years; the costs of insulating and repairing a Russian log house will amount to no less.

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Maintenance and operation costs after construction

The main cost item when operating a log house is ensuring the tightness of the walls. The cracks that appear during drying must be caulked. Houses built using Russian logging technology require caulking 2-3 times a year for 10 years after completion of construction. Caulking is the process of filling the resulting cracks thermal insulation materials– tow or jute fiber. This is a very labor-intensive task that requires special skills. Accordingly, the cost of work will be very high. The use of putties and sealants when caulking is unacceptable, since the process of natural air exchange in the layers of wood is disrupted, this leads to increased humidity and the development of mold and mildew.

Canadian logging does not provide for additional caulking of walls during the shrinkage process. A layer of insulation is placed in the crowns during construction; if the construction technology is followed, the walls reliably retain heat even in the most harsh winter. Thanks to the special shape of the bowl, the dried upper log is tightly connected to the lower one, forming a monolithic joint that does not require additional insulation. This is why Canadian log houses are often not lined from the inside, while heat loss is kept to a minimum.