For the development of a child, it is necessary to use all possible means, including experiments for children, which trained parents can conduct at home. This type of activity is very interesting for preschoolers, it helps them learn a lot about the world around them and take direct part in the research process. The main rule that mothers and fathers should adhere to is the absence of coercion: classes should be conducted only when the child himself is ready for experiments.

Physical

Such scientific experiments will interest an inquisitive little one and help him gain new knowledge:

• about the properties of liquid;
• about atmospheric pressure;
• about the interaction of molecules.

In addition, under clear parental guidance, he will be able to repeat everything without difficulty.

Bottle filling

You should prepare your inventory in advance. You will need hot water, a glass bottle and a bowl of cold water (for clarity, the liquid should be pre-tinted).

The procedure is as follows:

1. It is necessary to pour hot water into the bottle several times so that the container warms up properly.
2. Pour out the hot liquid completely.
3. Turn the bottle upside down and place it in a bowl of cold water.
4. You will see that water from the bowl will begin to flow into the bottle.

Why is this happening? Due to the effect of the hot liquid, the bottle was filled with warm air. As the gas cools, it contracts, causing the volume it occupies to decrease, forming a low-pressure environment in the bottle. As water flows in, it restores balance. This experiment with water can be done at home without any problems.

With a glass

Every child, even at 3-4 years old, knows that if you turn over a glass filled with water, the liquid will spill out. However there is interesting experience, capable of proving the opposite.

Procedure:

1. Pour water into a glass.
2. Cover it with a piece of cardboard.
3. Holding the sheet with your hand, carefully turn the structure over.
4. You can remove your hand.

Surprisingly, the water will not spill out - the molecules of the cardboard and the liquid will mix at the moment of contact. Therefore, the sheet will hold on, becoming a kind of lid. You can also tell the child about atmospheric pressure, that it exists both inside the glass and outside, while in the container it is lower, outside it is higher. Due to this difference, water does not spill out.

A similar experiment is best carried out over a basin, since gradually the paper material will get wet and the liquid will drip.

Developmental experiments

Eat a large number of truly interesting experiments for kids.

Eruption

This experience is rightfully considered one of the most exciting and therefore loved by children. To carry it out you will need:

• soda;
• red paint;
• citric acid or lemon juice;
• water;
• a little detergent.

First, you should build the “volcano” itself by making a cone out of thick paper, fastening it along the edges with tape and cutting a hole on top. Then the resulting blank is put on any bottle. To resemble a volcano, it should be covered with brown plasticine and placed on a large baking sheet so that the “lava” does not spoil the surface of the table.

Procedure:

1. Pour soda into the bottle.
2. Add paint.
3. Add a drop of detergent (1 drop).
4. Pour water and mix well.

For the “eruption” to begin, you need to ask the child to add a little citric acid(or lemon juice). This simplest example chemical reaction.

Dancing worms

This simple, fun experiment can be done with both preschoolers and elementary school students. Necessary equipment:

• corn starch;
• water;
• baking tray;
• paints (food coloring);
• music column.

First you need to mix 2 cups of starch and a glass of water. Pour the resulting substance onto a baking sheet, add paint or dye.

All that remains is to turn on loud music and place the baking sheet on the speaker. The colors on the workpiece will be mixed in a chaotic manner, creating a beautiful, unusual spectacle.

We use food

To make an experiment that is unusual, interesting for your child and educational, it is not at all necessary to purchase complex equipment and expensive materials. We invite you to get to know the very simple options, available for execution at home.

With egg

Necessary equipment:

• glass of water (tall);
• egg;
• salt;
• water.

The idea is simple - an egg immersed in water will sink to the bottom. If you add table salt (about 6 tablespoons) to the liquid, it will rise to the surface. Such physical experience with salt helps illustrate the concept of density to your baby. So, salted water has more water, so the egg can float on the surface.

You can also show the opposite effect (which is why it was recommended to take a tall glass) - when added to salted liquid, a simple tap water the density will decrease and the egg will sink to the bottom.

Invisible ink

A very interesting and simple trick, which at first will seem like real magic to the baby, and after the parents explain it, it will help to learn about oxidation.

Necessary equipment:

• ½ lemon;
• water;
• spoon and plate;
• paper;
• lamp;
• cotton swab.

If lemon is not available, you can use analogues, such as milk, onion juice or wine.

Procedure:

1. Squeeze the citrus juice, add it to a plate, mix with an equal amount of water.
2. Dip the tampon into the resulting liquid.
3. Use it to write something the child can understand (or draw).
4. Wait until the juice dries, becoming completely invisible.
5. Heat the sheet (using a lamp or holding it over a fire).

Text or a simple drawing will become visible due to the fact that the juice has oxidized and turned brown when the temperature rises.

Color explosion

You can make the little ones happy fun experience with milk and paints, which can be done in the kitchen without any problems.

Required products and equipment:

• milk (preferably high fat content);
• food coloring (several colors - the more, the more interesting and brighter it will be);
• dishwashing liquid;
• plate;
• cotton buds;
• pipette.

If dishwashing liquid is not available, liquid soap can be used.

Procedure:

1. Pour milk into a plate. It should completely hide the bottom.
2. Let the liquid sit for a while until it reaches room temperature.
3. Using a pipette, carefully drop several different food colors into the bowl of milk.
4. By lightly touching the liquid with a cotton swab, you need to show the baby what is happening.
5. Next, take a second stick and dip it in detergent. It touches the surface of the milk and holds for 10 seconds. There is no need to mix colorful stains, a gentle touch is enough.

Next, the baby will be able to observe the most beautiful thing - the colors begin to “dance”, as if trying to escape from the soap stick. Even if you remove it now, the “explosion” will continue. At this stage, you can invite the child to participate himself - add dye, immerse a soapy stick in the liquid.

The secret of the experiment is simple - the detergent destroys the fat contained in the milk, which causes the “dance”.

With sugar

For children 3-4 years old, various experiments with food will be very interesting. The child will be happy to learn about new qualities of his usual food.

For this entertaining activity you will need:

• 10 tbsp. l. Sahara;
• water;
• food colors of several colors;
• two spoons (teaspoon, tablespoon);
• syringe;
• 5 glasses.

First you need to add sugar to the glasses according to this scheme:

• in the first glass - 1 tbsp. l.;
• in the second - 2 tbsp. l.;
• in the third - 3 tbsp. l.;
• in the fourth - 4 tbsp. l.

Add 3 tsp to each of them. water. Mix. Then you need to add a dye of your own color to each of the glasses and mix again. The next step is to carefully take the colored liquid from the fourth glass using a syringe or a teaspoon and pour it into the fifth, which was empty. Then colored water is added in the same order from the third, second and finally from the first glasses.

If you act carefully, the colored liquids will not mix, but, when layered on top of each other, they will help create a bright, unusual pyramid. The secret of the trick is that the density of water changes depending on the amount of sugar added to it.

With flour

Let's consider another interesting experience for children, simple and safe. It can be carried out either in kindergarten, and at home.

Necessary equipment:

• flour;
• salt;
• paints (gouache);
• brush;
• sheet of cardboard.

Procedure:

1. In a small glass you need to mix 1 tbsp. l. flour and salt. This is a blank from which we will later make paint of the same color. Accordingly, the number of such blanks is equal to the number of flowers.
2. Add 3 tbsp to each glass. l. water and gouache.
3. Using paint, ask your child to draw a picture on cardboard using a brush or cotton swab, one for each color.
4. Place the finished creation in the microwave (power 600 W) for 5 minutes.

The paints, which are dough, will rise and harden, making the drawing three-dimensional.

Lava lamp

Another unusual children's experiment allows you to create a real lava lamp. After watching just once, even a novice researcher will be able to repeat the experiment with his own hands, without the help of adults.

Required equipment and materials:

• vegetable oil(cup);
• salt (1 tsp);
• water;
• food coloring (several shades);
• glass jar.

Procedure:

1. Fill the jar 2/3 full with water.
2. Add vegetable oil, which at this stage forms a thick film on the surface.
3. Add food coloring.
4. Slowly add salt.

Under the weight of the salt, the oil will begin to sink to the bottom, and the dye will make the spectacle more colorful and impressive.

With soda

To demonstrate to a child preschool age An experiment with soda is perfect:

1. Pour the drink into a glass.
2. Drop a few peas or cherry pits into it.
3. Watch how they gradually rise from the bottom and fall again.

An amazing sight for a child who does not yet know that the peas are surrounded by bubbles of carbon dioxide, which brings them to the surface. Submarines operate on a similar principle.

With water

There are several educational optical experiments that, despite their simplicity, are very interesting.

• The missing ruble

Water is poured into a jar and an iron ruble is dropped into it. Now you need to ask the baby to find the coin by looking through the glass. Because of optical phenomenon refraction, the eye will not be able to see the ruble if it is directed from the side. If you look into the jar from above, the coin will be in place.

• curved spoon

Let's continue exploring optics with a preschooler. This easy but visual experiment is carried out like this: you need to pour water into a glass and dip a spoon into it. Ask your baby to look from the side. He will see that at the boundary of the media - water and air - the spoon appears curved. By taking out the spoon, you can make sure that everything is okay with it.

The child should be explained that a ray of light bends when passing through water, which is why we see a changed image. You can continue the water theme and lower the same spoon into a small jar. Curvature will not occur since the walls of this container are smooth.

This biological experiment will help the child get acquainted with the world of living nature and observe how a sprout is formed. Beans or peas are needed for this.

Parents can invite the young botanist to independently moisten a piece of gauze folded several times with water, place it on a saucer, place peas or beans on the cloth and cover with damp gauze. The baby’s task is to carefully ensure that the seeds are moistened at all times and check them regularly. In a couple of days the first shoots will appear.

Photosynthesis process

This plant and candle activity is best suited for younger students who know that trees and grass absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

The gist is this:

1. Carefully place burning candles into two jars.
2. Place a living plant in one of them.
3. Cover both containers with a lid.

Observe that the candle in the jar with the plant continues to burn because oxygen is present in it. In the second bank it goes out almost immediately.

Entertaining

We catch electricity. This small and safe experiment can be done with kids.

1. One inflated one is placed on the wall balloon, several others are lying on the floor.
2. The mother invites the child to place all the balls on the wall. However, they will not hold on and will fall.
3. The mother asks the baby to rub the ball on his hair and try again. Now the ball has been attached.

After this, you need to tell that the “miracle” happened thanks to the electricity that was generated when the ball was rubbed on the hair.

Another option for the curious is an experiment with foil. It goes like this:

1. A small piece of foil needs to be cut into strips.
2. Ask your little one to comb her hair.
3. Now you need to lean the comb against the strip and observe. The foil will stick to the comb.

You can also demonstrate “The Lost Chalk” to children. To do this, a piece of ordinary chalk is placed in vinegar. The limestone will begin to hiss and decrease in size. After some time it will completely dissolve. This is due to the fact that chalk, when it comes into contact with vinegar, turns into other substances.

Experiments with preschool children - a great opportunity develop their curiosity, answer many questions in a visual and understandable form. In addition, by offering children a variety of experiments, attentive parents will help them outline their own range of interests at an early age. And the research itself will be a great and fun pastime.

Chemist is a very interesting and multifaceted profession, uniting under its wing many different specialists: chemical scientists, chemical technologists, analytical chemists, petrochemists, chemistry teachers, pharmacists and many others. We decided to celebrate the upcoming Chemist’s Day 2017 with them, so we selected several interesting and impressive experiments in the field under consideration, which even those who are as far from the profession of a chemist as possible can repeat. The best chemical experiments at home - read, watch and remember!

When is Chemist's Day celebrated?

Before we begin to consider our chemical experiments, let us clarify that traditionally Chemist’s Day is celebrated in the countries of the post-Soviet space at the very end of spring, namely on the last Sunday of May. This means that the date is not fixed: for example, in 2017 Chemist’s Day is celebrated on May 28. And if you work in the chemical industry, or are studying a specialty in this area, or are otherwise directly related to chemistry on duty, then you have every right to join the celebration on this day.

Chemical experiments at home

Now let's get down to the main thing and begin to perform interesting chemical experiments: it is best to do this together with young children, who will definitely perceive what is happening as a magic trick. Moreover, we tried to select such chemical experiments, reagents for which can be easily obtained at a pharmacy or store.

Experiment No. 1 - Chemical traffic light

Let's start with a very simple and beautiful experiment, which received this name for good reason, because the liquid participating in the experiment will change its color exactly to the colors of the traffic light - red, yellow and green.

You will need:

• indigo carmine;
• glucose;
• caustic soda;
• water;
• 2 transparent glass containers.

Don't let the names of some ingredients scare you - you can easily buy glucose tablets at a pharmacy, indigo carmine is sold in stores as a food coloring, and you can find caustic soda in a hardware store. It is better to take tall containers, with a wide base and a narrower neck, for example, flasks, to make them easier to shake.

But what is interesting about chemical experiments is that there is an explanation for everything:

• By mixing glucose with caustic soda, i.e. sodium hydroxide, we obtained an alkaline solution of glucose. Then, by mixing it with a solution of indigo carmine, we oxidize the liquid with oxygen, which it was saturated with during pouring from the flask - this is the reason for the appearance of the green color. Next, glucose begins to work as a reducing agent, gradually changing color to yellow. But by shaking the flask, we saturate the liquid with oxygen again, allowing the chemical reaction to go through this circle again.

You will get an idea of ​​how interesting it looks in real life from this short video:

Experiment No. 2 - Universal acidity indicator from cabbage

Children love interesting chemical experiments with colorful liquids, it’s no secret. But we, as adults, responsibly declare that such chemical experiments look very spectacular and interesting. Therefore, we advise you to conduct another “color” experiment at home - a demonstration amazing properties red cabbage. It, like many other vegetables and fruits, contains anthocyanins - natural indicator dyes that change color depending on the pH level - i.e. degree of acidity of the environment. This property of cabbage will be useful to us in order to obtain further multi-colored solutions.

What we need:

• 1/4 red cabbage;
• lemon juice;
• baking soda solution;
• vinegar;
• sugar solution;
• Sprite type drink;
• disinfectant;
• bleach;
• water;
• 8 flasks or glasses.

Many of the substances on this list are quite dangerous, so be careful when performing simple chemical experiments at home, wear gloves and, if possible, safety glasses. And don’t let children get too close - they may knock over the reagents or the final contents of the colored cones and even want to try them, which should not be allowed.

Let's get started:

How do these chemical experiments explain the color changes?

• The fact is that light falls on all objects that we see - and it contains all the colors of the rainbow. Moreover, each color in the spectrum has its own wavelength, and the molecules different shapes, in turn, reflect and absorb these waves. The wave that is reflected from the molecule is the one that we see, and this determines what color we perceive - because other waves are simply absorbed. And depending on what substance we add to the indicator, it begins to reflect only the rays a certain color. Nothing complicated!

For a slightly different version of this chemical experiment, with fewer reagents, see the video:

Experiment No. 3 - Dancing jelly worms

We continue to do chemical experiments at home - and we will conduct the third experiment on everyone’s favorite jelly candies in the form of worms. Even adults will find it funny, and children will be absolutely delighted.

Take the following ingredients:

• a handful of gummy worms;
• vinegar essence;
• ordinary water;
• baking soda;
• glasses - 2 pcs.

When choosing suitable candies, choose smooth, chewy worms without sugar coating. To make them less heavy and easier to move, cut each candy lengthwise into two halves. So, let's begin some interesting chemical experiments:

1. Make a solution of warm water and 3 tablespoons of soda in one glass.
2. Place the worms there and keep them there for about fifteen minutes.
3. Fill another deep glass with essence. Now you can slowly drop the jellies into the vinegar, watching how they begin to move up and down, which is in some way similar to a dance:

Why is this happening?

• It's simple: baking soda, in which the worms are soaked for a quarter of an hour, is sodium bicarbonate, and the essence is an 80% solution of acetic acid. When they react, water, carbon dioxide in the form of small bubbles and sodium salt of acetic acid are formed. It is carbon dioxide in the form of bubbles that the worm becomes overgrown with, rises up, and then descends when they burst. But the process still continues, causing the candy to rise on the resulting bubbles and fall until it is completely completed.

And if you are seriously interested in chemistry, and want Chemist’s Day to become your professional holiday in the future, then you will probably be interested in watching the following video, which details the typical everyday life of chemistry students and their fascinating educational and scientific activities:

Take it for yourself and tell your friends!

Read also on our website:

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Entertaining physics in our presentation he will tell you why in nature there cannot be two identical snowflakes and why the driver of an electric locomotive backs up before moving, where the largest reserves of water are located and what invention of Pythagoras helps fight alcoholism.

Entertaining experiments and experiments for schoolchildren
How to curb the ebullient energy and indefatigable curiosity of a baby? How to make the most of the inquisitiveness of a child’s mind and push the child to understand the world? How to promote development creativity child? These and other questions certainly arise before parents and educators. This work contains a large number of different experiences and experiments that can be carried out with children to expand their understanding of the world, for the intellectual and creative development of the child. The experiments described do not require any special preparation and almost no material costs.How to puncture a balloon without harming it?
The child knows that if you puncture the balloon, it will burst. Place a piece of tape on both sides of the ball. And now you can easily push the ball through the tape without any harm to it."Submarine" No. 1. Grape submarine
Take a glass of fresh sparkling water or lemonade and drop a grape into it. It is slightly heavier than water and will sink to the bottom. But gas bubbles, like small balloons, will immediately begin to land on it. Soon there will be so many of them that the grape will float up.

But on the surface the bubbles will burst and the gas will fly away. The heavy grape will sink to the bottom again. Here it will again become covered with gas bubbles and float up again. This will continue several times until the water runs out. This principle is how a real boat floats up and rises. And fish have a swim bladder. When she needs to submerge, the muscles contract, squeezing the bubble. Its volume decreases, the fish goes down. But you need to get up - the muscles relax, the bubble dissolves. It increases and the fish floats up.

"Submarine" No. 2. Egg submarine
Take 3 cans: two half-liter and one liter. Fill one jar clean water and put it in it a raw egg. It will drown.

Pour a strong solution of table salt into the second jar (2 tablespoons per 0.5 liters of water). Place the second egg there and it will float. This is explained by the fact that salt water is heavier, which is why it is easier to swim in the sea than in a river.

Now place an egg at the bottom of a liter jar. By gradually adding water from both small jars in turn, you can get a solution in which the egg will neither float nor sink. It will remain suspended in the middle of the solution.

When the experiment is completed, you can show the trick. By adding salt water, you will ensure that the egg floats. Adding more fresh water- that the egg will sink. Externally, salt and fresh water are no different from each other, and it will look amazing.

How to get a coin out of water without getting your hands wet? How to get away with it?
Place a coin in the bottom of a plate and fill it with water. How to take it out without getting your hands wet? The plate must not be tilted. Fold a small piece of newspaper into a ball, set it on fire, throw it into a half-liter jar and immediately place it with the hole down in the water next to the coin. The fire will go out. The heated air will come out of the can, and due to the difference in atmospheric pressure inside the can, water will be drawn into the can. Now you can take the coin without getting your hands wet.Lotus flowers
Cut out flowers with long petals from colored paper. Using a pencil, curl the petals towards the center. Now lower the multi-colored lotuses into the water poured into the basin. Literally before your eyes, flower petals will begin to bloom. This happens because the paper gets wet, gradually becomes heavier and the petals open.Natural magnifying glass
If you need to see a small creature, such as a spider, mosquito or fly, it is very easy to do.

Place the insect in a three-liter jar. Cover the top of the neck with cling film, but do not pull it, but, on the contrary, push it through so that a small container is formed. Now tie the film with a rope or elastic band, and pour water into the recess. You will get a wonderful magnifying glass through which you can perfectly see the smallest details.

The same effect will be obtained if you look at an object through a jar of water, fixing it on back wall cans with clear tape.

Water candlestick
Take a short stearin candle and a glass of water. Weight the lower end of the candle with a heated nail (if the nail is cold, the candle will crumble) so that only the wick and the very edge of the candle remain above the surface.

The glass of water in which this candle floats will act as a candlestick. Light the wick and the candle will burn for quite a long time. It seems that it is about to burn down to the water and go out. But this won't happen. The candle will burn out almost to the very end. And besides, a candle in such a candlestick will never cause a fire. The wick will be extinguished with water.

How to get water for drinking?
Dig a hole in the ground about 25 cm deep and 50 cm in diameter. Place an empty plastic container or wide bowl in the center of the hole, and place fresh green grass and leaves around it. Cover the hole with clean plastic wrap and fill the edges with soil to prevent air from escaping from the hole. Place a pebble in the center of the film and lightly press the film over the empty container. The water collecting device is ready.

Leave your design until the evening. Now carefully shake off the soil from the film so that it does not fall into the container (bowl), and look: there is pure water.

Where did she come from? Explain to your child that under the influence of the sun's heat, the grass and leaves began to decompose, releasing heat. Warm air always rises. It settles in the form of evaporation on the cold film and condenses on it in the form of water droplets. This water flowed into your container; remember, you slightly pressed the film and put the stone there.

Now all you have to do is come up with an interesting story about travelers who went to distant countries and forgot to take water with them, and begin an exciting journey.

Wonderful matches
You will need 5 matches.
Break them in the middle, bend them at a right angle and place them on a saucer.
Place a few drops of water on the folds of the matches. Watch. Gradually the matches will begin to straighten out and form a star.
The reason for this phenomenon, called capillarity, is that wood fibers absorb moisture. It creeps further and further through the capillaries. The tree swells, and its surviving fibers “get fat”, and they can no longer bend much and begin to straighten out.


The head of the wash basins. Making a washbasin is easy
Babies have one peculiarity: they always get dirty when there is even the slightest opportunity. And taking a child home to wash all day is quite troublesome, and besides, children don’t always want to leave the street. Solving this issue is very simple. Make a simple washbasin with your child.

To do this, you need to take a plastic bottle and make a hole on its side surface about 5 cm from the bottom with an awl or nail. The work is finished, the washbasin is ready. Plug the hole with your finger, fill it to the top with water and close the lid. By slightly unscrewing it, you will get a trickle of water; by screwing it, you will “close the tap” of your washbasin.

Where did the ink go? Transformations
Add ink or ink to a bottle of water until the solution is pale blue. Place a tablet of crushed activated carbon there. Close the neck with your finger and shake the mixture.

It will brighten before our eyes. The fact is that coal absorbs dye molecules on its surface and it is no longer visible.

Making a cloud
Pour into a three-liter jar hot water(approximately 2.5 cm). Place a few ice cubes on a baking sheet and place it on top of the jar. The air inside the jar will begin to cool as it rises. The water vapor it contains will condense to form a cloud.

This experiment simulates the process of cloud formation as warm air cools. Where does rain come from? It turns out that the drops, having heated up on the ground, rise upward. There they get cold, and they huddle together, forming clouds. When they meet together, they increase in size, become heavy and fall to the ground as rain.

I don't believe my hands
Prepare three bowls of water: one with cold water, one with room temperature, and the third with hot water. Have your child place one hand in a bowl of cold water and the other in a bowl of cold water. hot water. After a few minutes, have him immerse both hands in room temperature water. Ask if she seems hot or cold to him. Why is there a difference in how your hands feel? Can you always trust your hands?Water suction
Place the flower in water tinted with any paint. Observe how the color of the flower changes. Explain that the stem has conducting tubes through which water rises to the flower and colors it. This phenomenon of water absorption is called osmosis.Vaults and tunnels
Glue a tube out of thin paper, slightly larger in diameter than a pencil. Insert a pencil into it. Then carefully fill the pencil tube with sand so that the ends of the tube protrude out. Pull out the pencil and you will see that the tube remains uncrumpled. Grains of sand form protective arches. Insects trapped in sand emerge from under the thick layer unharmed.Equal share for everyone
Take a regular coat hanger, two identical containers (these can also be large or medium-sized disposable cups and even aluminum drink cans, although the cans need to be trimmed top part). In the upper part of the container on the side, opposite each other, make two holes, insert into them
any rope and attach it to a hanger, which you hang, for example, on the back of a chair. Balance containers. Now pour berries, candies, or cookies into these improvised scales, and then the children won’t argue about who got the most goodies."Good boy and Vanya-Vstanka." Obedient and naughty egg
First, try placing a whole raw egg on the blunt or sharp end. Then start the experiment.

Poke two holes the size of a match head in the ends of the egg and blow out the contents. Rinse the inside thoroughly. Let the shell dry thoroughly from the inside for one to two days. After this, cover the hole with plaster, glue with chalk or whitewash so that it becomes invisible.

Fill the shell about one-quarter full of clean, dry sand. Seal the second hole in the same way as the first. The obedient egg is ready. Now, in order to put it in any position, just shake the egg slightly, holding it in the position that it should take. The grains of sand will move, and the placed egg will maintain balance.

To make a “vanka-vstanka” (tumbler), instead of sand, you need to throw 30-40 pieces of the smallest pellets and pieces of stearin from a candle into the egg. Then put the egg on one end and heat it up. The stearin will melt, and when it hardens, the pellets will stick together and stick them to the shell. Mask the holes in the shell.

It will be impossible to lay the tumbler down. An obedient egg will stand on the table, on the edge of a glass, and on the handle of a knife.
If your child wants, let him paint both eggs or glue funny faces on them.

Boiled or raw?
If there are two eggs on the table, one of which is raw and the other is boiled, how can you determine this? Of course, every housewife will do this with ease, but show this experience to a child - he will be interested.
Of course, he is unlikely to connect this phenomenon with the center of gravity. Explain to him that a boiled egg has a constant center of gravity, so it rotates. And in a raw egg, the internal liquid mass acts as a kind of brake, so the raw egg cannot spin."Stop, hands up!"
Take a small plastic jar for medicine, vitamins, etc. Pour some water into it, put any effervescent tablet and close it with a lid (non-screw).

Place it on the table, turning it upside down, and wait. The gas released during the chemical reaction of the tablet and water will push the bottle out, a “rumble” will be heard and the bottle will be thrown up.

" Magic Mirrors" or 1? 3? 5?
Place two mirrors at an angle greater than 90°. Place one apple in the corner.
This is where the real miracle begins, but only just begins. There are three apples. And if you gradually decrease the angle between the mirrors, the number of apples begins to increase.
In other words, the smaller the angle of approach of the mirrors, the more objects will be reflected.

Ask your child if it is possible to make 3, 5, 7 from one apple without using cutting objects. What will he answer you? Now perform the experiment described above.

How to scrub green grass off your knee?
Take fresh leaves of any green plant, put them in a thin-walled glass and pour in a small amount of vodka. Place the glass in a pan of hot water (on water bath), but not directly to the bottom, but onto some kind of wooden circle. When the water in the saucepan has cooled, use tweezers to remove the leaves from the glass. They will become discolored, and the vodka will turn emerald green, as chlorophyll, the green dye of plants, has been released from the leaves. It helps plants “feed” on solar energy.

This experience will be useful in life. For example, if a child accidentally stains his knees or hands with grass, you can wipe them off with alcohol or cologne.

Where did the smell go?
Take the corn sticks, put them in a jar that has previously had a drop of cologne in it, and close it with a tight lid. After 10 minutes, opening the lid, you will not feel the smell: it was absorbed by the porous substance of the corn sticks. This absorption of color or odor is called adsorption.What is elasticity?
Take a small rubber ball in one hand and a plasticine ball of the same size in the other. Throw them onto the floor from the same height.

How did the ball and ball behave, what changes happened to them after the fall? Why doesn't the plasticine bounce, but the ball does - maybe because it's round, or because it's red, or because it's rubber?

Invite your child to be the ball. Touch the baby's head with your hand, and let him sit down a little, bending his knees, and when you remove your hand, let the child straighten his legs and jump. Let the baby bounce like a ball. Then explain to the child that the same thing happens to the ball as to him: he bends his knees, and the ball is pressed in a little, when it falls to the floor, he straightens his knees and jumps, and what was pressed in the ball is straightened. The ball is elastic.

But a plasticine or wooden ball is not elastic. Tell your child: “I will touch your head with my hand, but you don’t bend your knees, don’t be resilient.”

Touch the child’s head, but don’t let him bounce like a wooden ball. If you don't bend your knees, then it's impossible to jump. You can’t straighten knees that aren’t bent. A wooden ball, when it falls on the floor, is not pressed in, which means it does not straighten out, which is why it does not bounce. It's not elastic.

The concept of electric charges
Inflate a small balloon. Rub the ball on wool or fur, or even better, on your hair, and you will see how the ball begins to stick to literally all objects in the room: to the closet, to the wall, and most importantly, to the child.

This is explained by the fact that all objects have a certain electrical charge. As a result of contact between two different materials, electrical discharges separate.

Dancing foil
Cut aluminum foil (the shiny wrapper from chocolate or candy) into very narrow, long strips. Run the comb through your hair and then bring it close to the sections.

The stripes will begin to “dance”. This attracts positive and negative electrical charges to each other.

Hanging on your head, or Is it possible to hang on your head?
Make a light top out of cardboard by placing it on a thin stick. Sharpen the lower end of the stick, and insert a tailor's pin (with a metal, not a plastic head) deeper into the upper end so that only the head is visible.

Let the top “dance” on the table, and bring a magnet to it from above. The top will jump and the pinhead will stick to the magnet, but, interestingly, it will not stop, but will rotate, “hanging on its head.”

Secret letter
Let the child make a drawing or inscription on a blank sheet of white paper using milk, lemon juice or table vinegar. Then heat a sheet of paper (preferably over a device without an open flame) and you will see how the invisible turns into visible. The improvised ink will boil, the letters will darken, and the secret letter can be read.

Descendants of Sherlock Holmes, or In the Footsteps of Sherlock Holmes
Mix stove soot with talcum powder. Have the child breathe on a finger and press it to a piece of white paper. Sprinkle this area with the prepared black mixture. Shake the sheet of paper until the mixture well covers the area where your finger was applied. Pour the remaining powder back into the jar. There will be a clear fingerprint on the sheet.

This is explained by the fact that we always have some fat from the subcutaneous glands on our skin. Everything we touch leaves an imperceptible mark. And the mixture we made sticks well to fat. Thanks to black soot, it makes the print visible.

It's more fun together
Cut a circle out of thick cardboard around the rim of the tea cup. On one side, in the left half of the circle, draw a figure of a boy, and on the other side, a figure of a girl, which should be located upside down in relation to the boy. Make a small hole on the left and right of the cardboard, insert the elastic bands in loops.

Now stretch the elastic bands different sides. The cardboard circle will spin quickly, the pictures from different sides will align, and you will see two figures, standing nearby.

The secret jam thief. Or maybe it's Carlson?
Chop the pencil lead with a knife. Let the child rub the prepared powder on his finger. Now you need to press your finger to a piece of tape, and stick the tape to a white sheet of paper - the imprint of your baby’s finger pattern will be visible on it. Now we will find out whose fingerprints were left on the jam jar. Or maybe it was Carlosson who flew in?Unusual drawing
Give your child a piece of clean, light-colored fabric (white, blue, pink, light green).

Pick some petals from different colors: yellow, orange, red, blue, blue, and green leaves of different shades. Just remember that some plants are poisonous, such as aconite.

Sprinkle this mixture onto a cloth placed on a cutting board. You can either spontaneously sprinkle petals and leaves or build a planned composition. Cover it with plastic wrap, secure the sides with buttons and roll it all out with a rolling pin or tap the fabric with a hammer. Shake off the used "paints", stretch the fabric over thin plywood and insert it into the frame. The masterpiece of the young talent is ready!

It turned out wonderful gift mother and grandmother.

Educational experiences for children

Does your baby love everything mysterious, enigmatic and unusual? Then be sure to carry out the simple but very interesting experiments described in this article with him. Most of them will surprise and even puzzle the child, give him the opportunity to see for himself in practice the unusual properties of ordinary objects, phenomena, their interaction with each other, understand the reason for what is happening and thereby acquire practical experience.

Your son or daughter will certainly earn the respect of their peers by showing them experiments like magic tricks. For example, they can make cold water “boil” or use a lemon to launch a homemade rocket. Such entertainment can be included in the birthday program for children of preschool and primary school age.

Invisible ink

half a lemon, cotton wool, a match, a cup of water, a sheet of paper.

1. Squeeze the juice from the lemon into a cup and add the same amount of water.

2. Dip a match or a toothpick with cotton wool in a solution of lemon juice and water and write something on paper with this match.

3. When the “ink” is dry, heat the paper over the turned on table lamp. Previously invisible words will appear on paper.

Lemon inflates a balloon

To conduct the experiment you will need:1 tsp baking soda, lemon juice, 3 tbsp. vinegar, balloon, electrical tape, glass and bottle, funnel.

1. Pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.

2. In a separate bowl, mix lemon juice and 3 tablespoons of vinegar and pour into a bottle through a funnel.

3. Quickly place the ball on the neck of the bottle and secure it tightly with electrical tape.

Look what's happening! Baking soda and lemon juice mixed with vinegar come into chemical reaction, release carbon dioxide and create pressure that inflates the balloon.

Lemon launches a rocket into space

To conduct the experiment you will need:bottle (glass), wine bottle cork, colored paper, glue, 3 tbsp lemon juice, 1 tsp. baking soda, a piece toilet paper.

1. Cut it out of colored paper and glue it on both sides wine cork strips of paper to make a mock-up of a rocket. We try on the “rocket” on the bottle so that the cork fits into the neck of the bottle without effort.

2. Pour and mix water and lemon juice in a bottle.

3. Wrap the baking soda in a piece of toilet paper so that you can stick it into the neck of the bottle and wrap it with thread.

4. Place the bag of soda into the bottle and plug it with a rocket stopper, but not too tightly.

5. Place the bottle on a plane and move away to a safe distance. Our rocket will fly up with a loud bang. Just don't put it under the chandelier!

Running toothpicks

To conduct the experiment you will need:a bowl of water, 8 wooden toothpicks, a pipette, a piece of refined sugar (not instant), dishwashing liquid.

1. Place toothpicks in rays in a bowl of water.

2. Carefully lower a piece of sugar into the center of the bowl; the toothpicks will begin to gather towards the center.

3. Remove the sugar with a teaspoon and drop a few drops of dishwashing liquid into the center of the bowl with a pipette - the toothpicks will “scatter”!

What's going on? The sugar absorbs the water, creating a movement that moves the toothpicks towards the center. The soap, spreading over the water, carries along the water particles, and they cause the toothpicks to scatter. Explain to the children that you showed them a magic trick, and all magic tricks are based on certain natural physical phenomena that they will study at school.

Mighty Shell

To conduct the experiment you will need:4 eggshell halves, scissors, narrow duct tape, several full tin cans.

1. Wrap some tape around the middle of each eggshell half.

2. Using scissors, cut off the excess shell so that the edges are even.

3. Place the four halves of the shell with the dome up so that they form a square.

4. Carefully place a jar on top, then another and another... until the shell bursts.

How many jars could the fragile shells bear? Add up the weight indicated on the labels and find out how many cans you can put in to make the trick a success. The secret of strength is in the dome-shaped shape of the shell.

Teach an egg to swim

To conduct the experiment you will need:raw egg, glass of water, a few tablespoons of salt.

1. Place a raw egg in a glass with a clean tap water- the egg will sink to the bottom of the glass.

2. Take the egg out of the glass and dissolve a few tablespoons of salt in the water.

3. Place the egg in a glass of salted water - the egg will remain floating on the surface of the water.

Salt increases the density of water. The more salt there is in the water, the more difficult it is to drown in it. In the famous Dead Sea, the water is so salty that a person can lie on its surface without any effort, without fear of drowning.

"Bait" for ice

To conduct the experiment you will need:thread, ice cube, glass of water, pinch of salt.

Bet a friend that you can use a thread to remove an ice cube from a glass of water without getting your hands wet.

1. Place the ice in the water.

2. Place the thread on the edge of the glass so that one end of it lies on an ice cube floating on the surface of the water.

3. Sprinkle some salt on the ice and wait 5-10 minutes.

4. Take the free end of the thread and pull out the ice cube from the glass.

Salt, once on the ice, slightly melts a small area of ​​it. Within 5-10 minutes, the salt dissolves in water, and clean water on the surface of the ice freezes along with the thread.

Can cold water “boil”?

To conduct the experiment you will need:a thick handkerchief, a glass of water, a rubber band.

1. Wet and wring out the handkerchief.

2. Pour a full glass of cold water.

3. Cover the glass with a scarf and secure it to the glass with a rubber band.

4. Press the middle of the scarf with your finger so that it is immersed in water by 2-3 cm.

5. Turn the glass upside down over the sink.

6. Hold the glass with one hand and lightly hit the bottom with the other. The water in the glass begins to bubble (“boil”).

A wet scarf does not allow water to pass through. When we hit the glass, a vacuum is formed in it, and air begins to flow through the handkerchief into the water, sucked in by the vacuum. It is these air bubbles that create the impression that the water is “boiling.”

Pipette straw

To conduct the experiment you will need:cocktail straw, 2 glasses.

1. Place 2 glasses next to each other: one with water, the other empty.

2. Place the straw in the water.

3. Pinch the straw on top with your index finger and transfer it to the empty glass.

4. Remove your finger from the straw - the water will flow out into empty glass. By doing the same thing several times, we will be able to transfer all the water from one glass to another.

A pipette, which you probably have in your home medicine cabinet, works on the same principle.

Straw-flute

To conduct the experiment you will need:wide cocktail straw and scissors.

1. Flatten the end of the straw about 15 mm long and trim its edges with scissors.

2. At the other end of the straw, cut 3 small holes at the same distance from each other.

So we got a “flute”. If you blow lightly into a straw, slightly squeezing it with your teeth, the “flute” will begin to sound. If you close one or the other hole of the “flute” with your fingers, the sound will change. Now let's try to find some melody.

Rapier straw

To conduct the experiment you will need:raw potatoes and 2 thin cocktail straws.

1. Put the potatoes on the table. Let's hold the straw in our fist and with a sharp movement try to stick the straw into the potato. The straw will bend, but will not pierce the potato.

2. Take the second straw. Close the hole at the top with your thumb.

3. Sharply lower the straw. It will easily enter the potato and pierce it.

The air that we pressed inside the straw with our thumb makes it elastic and does not allow it to bend, so it easily pierces the potato.

Bird in a cage

To conduct the experiment you will need:a piece of thick cardboard, a compass, scissors, colored pencils or markers, thick thread, a needle and a ruler.

1. Cut out a circle of any diameter from cardboard.

2. Use a needle to pierce two holes in the circle.

3. Drag a thread approximately 50 cm long through the holes on each side.

4. On front side Let's draw a birdcage around the circle, and on the back - a small bird.

5. Rotate the cardboard circle, holding it by the ends of the threads. The threads will spin. Now let's pull their ends in different directions. The threads will unwind and rotate the circle in reverse side. It looks like the bird is sitting in a cage. A cartoon effect is created, the rotation of the circle becomes invisible, and the bird “finds itself” in a cage.

How does a square turn into a circle?

To conduct the experiment you will need:rectangular cardboard, pencil, felt-tip pen and ruler.

1. Place the ruler on the cardboard so that one end touches its corner and the other end touches the middle of the opposite side.

2. Using a felt-tip pen, place 25-30 dots on the cardboard at a distance of 0.5 mm from each other.

3. Pierce the middle of the cardboard with a sharp pencil (the middle will be the intersection of the diagonal lines).

4. Place the pencil vertically on the table, holding it with your hand. The cardboard should rotate freely on the pencil tip.

5. Unroll the cardboard.

A circle appears on the rotating cardboard. This is just a visual effect. Each point on the cardboard moves in a circle when rotated, as if creating a continuous line. The point closest to the tip moves the slowest, and we perceive its trace as a circle.

Strong newspaper

To conduct the experiment you will need:long ruler and newspaper.

1. Place the ruler on the table so that it hangs halfway.

2. Fold the newspaper several times, put it on a ruler, and hit it hard on the hanging end of the ruler. The newspaper will fly off the table.

3. Now let’s unfold the newspaper and cover the ruler with it, hit the ruler. The newspaper will only rise slightly, but will not fly anywhere.

What's the trick? All objects experience air pressure. How larger area object, the stronger the pressure. Now it’s clear why the newspaper has become so strong?

Mighty Breath

To conduct the experiment you will need:clothes hanger, strong threads, book.

1. Tie the book with threads to a clothes hanger.

2. Hang the hanger on the clothesline.

3. Let’s stand near the book at a distance of approximately 30 cm. Blow on the book with all our might. It will deviate slightly from its original position.

4. Now let’s blow on the book again, but lightly. As soon as the book deviates a little, we blow after it. And so on several times.

It turns out that with such repeated light blows you can move a book much further than by blowing hard on it once.

Record weight

To conduct the experiment you will need:2 cans from coffee or canned food, a sheet of paper, an empty glass jar.

1. Place two tin cans at a distance of 30 cm from each other.

2. Place a sheet of paper on top to create a “bridge.”

3. Place an empty glass jar on the sheet. The paper will not support the weight of the can and will bend down.

4. Now fold the sheet of paper like an accordion.

5. Let's put this “accordion” on two tin cans and put a glass jar on it. The accordion does not bend!

Science tricks for kids

Snow flowers

Prepare for the experiment:

- a straw,
- soap solution

When a cloud forms at a very low temperature, instead of raindrops, water vapor condenses into tiny needles of ice; the needles stick together and snow falls to the ground. Snow flakes consist of small crystals arranged in the shape of stars of amazing regularity and variety. Each star is divided into three, six, or twelve parts, symmetrically located around one axis or point.

We don't need to climb into the clouds to see how these snow stars form.

Only needed in severe frost leave the house and blow soap bubble. Immediately, ice needles will appear in a thin film of water; They will gather before our eyes into wonderful snow stars and flowers.

Living shadow

Prepare for the experiment:

- mirror,
- candle (lamp),
- paper,
- scissors

If you stand between a light source and a wall, your shadow will appear on the wall - a black silhouette, without eyes, without a nose, without a mouth. Or you can make the shadow have eyes, not simple ones, but huge ones, like those of a monster, and a nose of any shape, and a mouth that will open and close.

To do this, just stand in the corner of the room near the wall on which the mirror hangs. The lamp or candle must be placed so that the “bunny” from the mirror falls on the wall, which serves as a screen, exactly in the place where the shadow of your head falls; an illuminated rectangle or oval will appear in this place, depending on the shape of the mirror.

But the mirror can be covered with a sheet of paper, and in that sheet you can cut out eyes, a nose, and a mouth; they will immediately appear as light spots on the shadow that your head casts on the wall.

If you prepare two sheets with different cutouts, fix one firmly on the mirror, and then put the other on top of the first, then remove it, the eyes on the shadows will begin to move, and the mouth will open and close. This is a very easy and fun trick.

Hanging without a rope

Prepare for the experiment:

- wire ring,
- threads,
- matches,
- salt solution

Soak the thread in strong solution salt and dry it; repeat this operation several times.

Now that your secret preparations are finished, show your friends the thread, it looks no different from any other.

Hang a light wire ring on this thread. Set fire to the thread, the fire will spread from bottom to top, and to the surprise of the audience, the ring will calmly hang on a thin cord of ash!

Your thread has indeed burned away, leaving only a thin tube of salt, strong enough to support the ring if the air is calm and there is no draft in the room.

Note: When you do this trick, both the doors and windows in the room should be closed so that there is not the slightest draft. The slightest movement of air is enough for the fragile threads to break and the ring to fall to the floor.

Source: Tom Titus "Science Fun".

"Liquid" tricks

Live fish

Cut out a fish from thick paper. There is a round hole in the middle of the fish A , which is connected to the tail by a narrow channelAB . You can also use our template Print the fish on a printer, stick it on cardboard and cut it out with scissors.

Pour water into a basin and place the fish on the water so that the bottom side is completely wet and the top side remains completely dry. It’s convenient to do this with a fork: placing the fish on the fork, carefully lower it into the water, push the fork deeper and pull it out.

Now you need to drop a large drop of oil into hole A. It is best to use a bicycle oiler for this or sewing machine. If you don’t have an oil can, you can put machine or vegetable oil into a pipette or cocktail tube: lower one end of the tube into the oil 2-3 mm. Then cover the upper end with your finger and transfer the straw to the fish. Keeping the bottom end exactly above the hole, release your finger. The oil will flow directly into the hole.

Trying to spread over the surface of the water, the oil will flow through channel AB. The fish will not allow it to spread in other directions. What do you think the fish will do under the influence of the oil flowing back? It’s clear: she will swim forward!

Restless grains

It’s as easy as shelling pears to make an object move by pushing it with your hand. Is it possible to make grains of rice move without touching them? Try this experiment and you will know at least one way.

Props:
- chilled can of beer
- cup
- 6 grains of rice

Preparation:
1. Lay out necessary items on the table.
2. Open the can and pour the beer into the glass.

Let's begin the scientific magic:
1. Announce to the audience: “I have several grains of rice that just don’t want to go to sleep. They’re always moving and can’t stop.”
2. Pour the grains into a glass of beer.
3. Wait a few seconds and watch what happens.

Note: instead of rice, you can use finely broken spaghetti. Break them into 1.25 cm pieces and put them in beer.

Result:
After a while, the grains of rice in the glass will begin to float up and down.

Explanation:

This happens because the can of beer contains a gas called carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide in the jar is dissolved in the liquid and is under pressure. By opening the can and pouring the beer into the glass, you release this gas. The density of carbon dioxide is lower than that of the liquid in the jar, so its bubbles rise to the surface.

When you pour grains of rice into a glass, gas bubbles “stick” to them from the surface. The density of grains combined with bubbles becomes lower than that of beer. Bubble-covered grains of rice rise to the surface of the liquid. There, the carbon dioxide bubbles burst, and the density of the grains again becomes higher than the density of beer. Freed from the gas bubbles, they sink again. There, gas bubbles again “stick” to the surface of the grains, and everything repeats all over again. This happens until the beer stops releasing gas. Pretty soon, carbon dioxide stops being released, and the grains calmly sink to the bottom.

Density Tower

In this experiment, objects will hang in the thickness of the liquid.

Props:
- tall narrow glass vessel, for example, an empty, clean half-liter jar of canned olives or mushrooms
- 1/4 cup (65 ml) corn syrup or honey
- food coloring of any color
- 1/4 cup tap water
- 1/4 cup vegetable oil
- 1/4 cup of rubbing alcohol
- various small objects, for example, a cork, a grape, a nut, a piece of dry pasta, a rubber ball, a cherry tomato, a small plastic toy, a metal screw

Preparation:
1. Carefully pour honey into the vessel so that it occupies 1/4 of the volume.
2. Dissolve a few drops of food coloring in water. Pour water into the vessel halfway. Please note: when adding each liquid, pour it very carefully so that it does not mix with the bottom layer.
3. Slowly pour the same amount of vegetable oil into the vessel.
4. Fill the vessel to the top with alcohol.

Let's begin the scientific magic:
1. Announce to the audience that you will now force various items swim. They may tell you that it is easy. Then explain to them that you will make different objects float in liquids at different levels.
2. Carefully place small objects into the container one at a time.
3. Let the audience see for themselves what happened.

Result:
Different objects will float in the liquid at different levels. Some will “hang” right in the middle of the vessel.

Explanation:
This trick is based on the ability of various substances to sink or float depending on their density. Substances with lower densities float on the surface of denser substances.

The alcohol remains on the surface of the vegetable oil because the density of alcohol is less than the density of oil. Vegetable oil remains on the surface of the water because the density of oil is less than the density of water. In turn, water is a substance less dense than honey or corn syrup, so it remains on the surface of these liquids.

When you put objects into a vessel, they float or sink depending on their density and the density of the layers of liquid. The screw has a higher density than any of the liquids in the vessel, so it will fall to the very bottom. The density of pasta is higher than the density of alcohol, vegetable oil and water, but lower than the density of honey, so it will float on the surface of the honey layer. The rubber ball has the lowest density, lower than that of any liquid, so it will float on the surface of the topmost, alcohol, layer.

Hard as a rock

Sometimes what you expect doesn't happen. Try this experiment to baffle your friends.
Please note: This experiment requires adult assistance.

Props:
- 2 plastic cups of water (total 250 ml water)
- microwave
- potholders
- adult assistant

Preparation:
1. Place one cup of water in the freezer for at least 2 days to ensure the water is completely frozen.
2. Place both cups on the table.

Let's begin the scientific magic:
1. Invite an adult to be your assistant.
2. Ask the audience: “What do you think will happen if you put a cup of water and a cup with the same amount of ice in the microwave for 2 minutes?” They will probably answer that the ice will melt and the water will heat up.
3. Place both cups in the microwave.
4. Turn on the oven at maximum power for 2 minutes.
5. Once they have passed, have your adult assistant use oven mitts to remove both cups from the microwave.

Tips for a learned wizard:
For the trick to work better, the ice must be very well frozen. If you have a freezer at home, it's better to use it because it's usually more low temperature than in the freezer compartment of a conventional refrigerator.

Result:
The ice will remain frozen, but the water in the second cup will almost boil.

Explanation:
In solid water - ice - the water molecules are very tightly packed. They can only oscillate slightly in place. In liquid water, molecules not only vibrate in place, but can also rotate around their own axis and each other. When water is heated, the molecules become even more mobile and begin to collide with each other.

IN microwave oven products are heated due to an increase in the speed of rotation and movement of molecules. However, those molecules that can only vibrate slightly are weakly affected by microwaves. So when ice and water are microwaved together, the microwaves increase the temperature of the water but have little effect on the ice.

If you put ice in the microwave for a longer time, it will melt. The ice begins to melt and turn into water not thanks to microwaves, but due to the increase in air temperature in the oven chamber. Since microwaves act on water, the small amount of it that manages to emerge from the ice heats up and melts the ice nearby. This process continues and eventually all the ice melts.

This is how a microwave oven is used to defrost food. This occurs at lower operating power and, accordingly, temperature. The temperature in the chamber causes some of the food to thaw and the water it contains becomes liquid. This water is heated by microwaves and warms the frozen product. This gradual process continues until all food is thawed. Usually the outer parts will get very hot and begin to cook before the inside is completely defrosted.

Broken pencil

This experience is based on the properties of water and light.

Props:
- cup
- tap water
- pencil

Preparation:
1. Fill the glass about 2/3 full with tap water.
2. Place a glass of water and a pencil on the table.

Let's begin the scientific magic:
1. Hold a pencil in front of you. Announce to the audience: “Now I will break a pencil by simply putting it in a glass of water.”
2. Dip the pencil vertically into the water so that its tip is approximately halfway between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water.
3. Keep the pencil at the back of the glass, away from the audience.
4. Move the pencil back and forth in the water, holding it vertically. Ask the audience what they see.
5. Take the pencil out of the water.

Result:
The audience will think that the pencil is broken. From their point of view, the part of the pencil that is under water is slightly offset from the part that is under water.

Explanation:
This effect occurs due to refraction. Light travels in a straight line, but when a ray of light passes from one transparent substance to another, its direction changes. This is refraction. When light passes from a denser substance, such as water, to a less dense substance, such as air, refraction occurs, or a visible change in the angle of incidence of the beam. Light travels at different speeds in substances of different densities.

Light reflected from a pencil, passing through air, appears to viewers to be in one place, and through water, in another.

Vanishing coin

Here is another experiment in which water and light produce a mysterious effect.

Props:
- 1 liter glass jar with lid
- tap water
- coin
- assistant

Preparation:
1. Pour water into the jar and close the lid.
2. Give your assistant a coin so that he can make sure that it is really an ordinary coin and there is no trick in it.
3. Have him put the coin on the table. Ask him: “Do you see the coin?” (Of course he will answer yes.)
4. Place a jar of water on the coin.
5. Say magic words, for example: “Here is a magic coin, here it was, but here it is not.”
6. Let your assistant look through the waterfrom the side jars and say if he sees the coin now? What will he answer?

Tips for a learned wizard:
You can make this trick even more effective. After your assistant fails to see the coin, you can make it appear again. Say other magic words, for example: “As the coin failed, so it appeared.” Now remove the jar and the coin will be back in place.

Result:
When you place a jar of water on a coin, the coin seems to disappear. Your assistant won't see it.

Explanation:
This trick is achieved by reflecting light from the wall of the jar. Reflection is the bounce of light back from a surface.

Fun experiments in the kitchen

Making cottage cheese

Grandmothers who are over 50 years old remember well how they made cottage cheese for their children. You can show this process to your child.

Heat the milk by pouring a little lemon juice into it (calcium chloride can also be used). Show the children how the milk immediately curdles into large flakes with whey on top.

Drain the resulting mass through several layers of gauze and leave for 2-3 hours.

You made a wonderful cottage cheese.

Pour syrup over it and offer it to your child for dinner. We are sure that even those children who do not like this dairy product will not be able to refuse a delicacy prepared with their own participation.

How to make ice cream?

For ice cream you will need: cocoa, sugar, milk, sour cream. You can add grated chocolate, wafer crumbs or small pieces of cookies to it.

Stir two tablespoons of cocoa, one tablespoon of sugar, four tablespoons of milk and two tablespoons of sour cream in a bowl. Add cookie and chocolate crumbs. The ice cream is ready. Now it needs to be cooled.

Take a larger bowl, put ice in it, sprinkle it with salt, stir. Place a bowl of ice cream on the ice and cover with a towel on top to prevent heat from penetrating into it. Stir the ice cream every 3-5 minutes. If you have enough patience, then after about 30 minutes the ice cream will thicken and you can taste it. Tasty?

How does our homemade refrigerator? It is known that ice melts at a temperature of zero degrees. Salt retains the cold and prevents ice from melting quickly. Therefore, salted ice stays cold longer. Moreover, the towel prevents warm air from penetrating to the ice cream. And the result? Ice cream is beyond praise!

Let's beat the butter

If you live in the country in the summer, you probably take natural milk at the thrush. Do experiments with milk with your children.

Prepare a liter jar. Fill it with milk and put it in the refrigerator for 2-3 days. Show children how the milk separates into lighter cream and heavier skim milk.

Collect the cream in a jar with an airtight lid. And if you have patience and free time, then shake the jar for half an hour, taking turns with the children, until the fat balls merge together and form oil lumps.

Believe me, children have never eaten such delicious butter.

Homemade lollipops

Cooking is a fun activity. Now we’ll make homemade lollipops.

To do this, you need to prepare a glass of warm water in which to dissolve as much granulated sugar as can be dissolved. Then take a cocktail straw, tie a clean string to it, and attach a small piece of pasta to the end (small pasta is best). Now all that remains is to place the straw on top of the glass, across it, and dip the end of the thread with the pasta into the sugar solution. And be patient.

When the water from the glass begins to evaporate, the sugar molecules will begin to move closer together and sweet crystals will begin to settle on the thread and on the pasta, taking on bizarre shapes.

Let your little one try the lollipop. Tasty?

The same candies will be much tastier if you add jam syrup to the sugar solution. Then you will get lollipops with different tastes: cherry, blackcurrant and others he wants.

"Roasted" sugar

Take two pieces of refined sugar. Moisten them with a few drops of water to make it moist, place in a stainless steel spoon and heat it over gas for a few minutes until the sugar has melted and turned yellow. Don't let it burn.

As soon as the sugar turns into a yellowish liquid, pour the contents of the spoon onto the saucer in small drops.

Taste your candies with your children. Liked? Then open a confectionery factory!

Changing the color of cabbage

Together with your child, prepare a salad of finely shredded red cabbage, grated with salt, and pour vinegar and sugar over it. Watch the cabbage turn from purple to bright red. This is the effect of acetic acid.

However, as it is stored, the lettuce may again turn purple or even turn blue. This happens because acetic acid is gradually diluted with cabbage juice, its concentration decreases and the color of the red cabbage dye changes. These are the transformations.

Why are unripe apples sour?

Unripe apples contain a lot of starch and no sugar.

Starch is an unsweetened substance. Let your child lick the starch and he will be convinced of it. How can you tell if a product contains starch?

Make a weak iodine solution. Drop it on a handful of flour, starch, on a piece of raw potato, on a slice of unripe apple. The blue color that appears proves that all these products contain starch.

Repeat the experiment with the apple when it is fully ripe. And you will probably be surprised that you will no longer find starch in an apple. But now there is sugar in it. This means that fruit ripening is a chemical process of converting starch into sugar.

Edible glue

Your child needed glue for a craft project, but the bottle of glue turned out to be empty? Don't rush to the store to buy. Cook it yourself. What is familiar to you is unusual to a child.

Cook him a small portion of thick jelly, showing him each stage of the process. For those who don’t know: into boiling juice (or into water with jam), you need to pour, stirring thoroughly, a solution of starch diluted in a small amount of cold water and bring to a boil.

I think the child will be surprised that this glue-jelly can be eaten with a spoon, or you can glue crafts with it.

Homemade sparkling water

Remind your child that they breathe air. Air is made up of different gases, but many are invisible and odorless, making them difficult to detect. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that makes up air and... carbonated water. But it can be isolated at home.

Take two cocktail straws, but different diameters, so that the narrow one fits tightly into the wider one a few millimeters. The result was a long straw made up of two. Make a through vertical hole in the stopper of a plastic bottle with a sharp object and insert either end of the straw into it.

If there are no straws of different diameters, then you can make a small vertical cut in one and stick it into another straw. The main thing is to get a tight connection.

Pour water diluted with any jam into a glass, and pour half a tablespoon of soda into the bottle through a funnel. Then pour vinegar into the bottle - about one hundred milliliters.

Now you need to act very quickly: stick the cork with a straw into the bottle, and lower the other end of the straw into a glass of sweet water.

What's going on in the glass?

Explain to your child that vinegar and baking soda have actively begun to interact with each other, releasing bubbles of carbon dioxide. It rises up and passes through the straw into a glass of drink, where it bubbles to the surface of the water. Now the sparkling water is ready.

Drown and eat

Wash two oranges thoroughly. Place one of them in a bowl of water. He will float. And even if you try very hard, you won’t be able to drown him.

Peel the second orange and place it in water. Well? Don't believe your eyes? The orange drowned.

How so? Two identical oranges, but one drowns and the other floats?

Explain to your child: “There are a lot of air bubbles in an orange peel. They push the orange to the surface of the water. Without the peel, the orange will sink because it is heavier than the water it displaces.”

About the benefits of milk

Oddly enough, the best way to find out why you need to drink milk is to do an experiment with bones.

Take the eaten chicken bones, wash them properly, and let them dry. Then pour vinegar in a bowl so that it completely covers the seeds, close the lid and leave for a week.

After seven days, drain the vinegar, carefully examine and touch the bones. They have become flexible. Why?

It turns out that calcium gives strength to bones. Calcium dissolves in acetic acid, and the bones lose their hardness.

Do you want to ask: “What does milk have to do with it?”

It is known that milk contains a lot of calcium. Milk is healthy because it replenishes our body with calcium, which means it makes our bones hard and strong.

How to get drinking water from salt water?

Pour water into a deep basin with your child, add two tablespoons of salt there, stir until the salt dissolves. Place washed pebbles at the bottom of an empty plastic glass so that it does not float, but its edges should be higher than the water level in the basin. Pull the film over the top, tying it around the pelvis. Squeeze the film in the center above the cup and place another pebble in the recess. Place the basin in the sun.

After a few hours, unsalted, clean drinking water will accumulate in the glass.

This is explained simply: water begins to evaporate in the sun, condensation settles on the film and flows into an empty glass. The salt does not evaporate and remains in the basin.

Now that you know how to get fresh water, you can safely go to the sea and not be afraid of thirst. There is a lot of water in the sea, and you can always get the purest drinking water from it.

Live yeast

A famous Russian proverb says: “A hut is red not in its corners, but in its pies.” However, we won’t bake pies. Although, why not? Moreover, we always have yeast in our kitchen. But first we’ll show you our experience, and then we can get down to pies.

Tell children that yeast is made up of tiny living organisms called microbes (which means that microbes can be beneficial as well as harmful). As they feed, they emit carbon dioxide, which, when mixed with flour, sugar and water, “raises” the dough, making it fluffy and tasty.

Dry yeast looks like small lifeless balls. But this is only until millions of tiny microbes that lie dormant in a cold and dry state come to life.

Let's revive them. Pour two tablespoons of warm water into a jug, add two teaspoons of yeast, then one teaspoon of sugar and stir.

Pour the yeast mixture into the bottle, placing a balloon over the neck of the bottle. Place the bottle in a bowl of warm water.

Ask the guys what will happen?

That's right, when the yeast comes to life and begins to eat sugar, the mixture will be filled with bubbles of carbon dioxide, which is already familiar to children, which they begin to emit. The bubbles burst and the gas inflates the balloon.

Is the fur coat warm?

Children should really enjoy this experience.

Buy two cups of paper-wrapped ice cream. Unfold one of them and place it on a plate. And wrap the second one right in the wrapper in a clean towel and wrap it well in a fur coat.

After 30 minutes, unwrap the wrapped ice cream and place it without wrapper on a saucer. Unwrap the second ice cream too. Compare both portions. Surprised? What about your children?

It turns out that the ice cream under the fur coat, unlike the one on the plate, almost did not melt. So what? Maybe the fur coat is not a fur coat at all, but a refrigerator? Why then do we wear it in winter if it does not warm, but cools?

Everything is explained simply. The fur coat no longer allowed room heat to reach the ice cream. And because of this, the ice cream in the fur coat became cold, so the ice cream did not melt.

Now the question is logical: “Why does a person put on a fur coat in the cold?”
Answer: "So as not to freeze."

When a person puts on a fur coat at home, he is warm, but the fur coat does not release heat to the street, so the person does not freeze.

Ask your child if he knows that there are “fur coats” made of glass?

This is a thermos. It has double walls, and between them there is emptiness. Heat does not pass through emptiness very well. Therefore, when we pour hot tea into a thermos, it remains hot for a long time. And if you pour cold water into it, what happens to it? The child can now answer this question himself.

If he still finds it difficult to answer, let him do one more experiment: pour cold water into the thermos and check it after 30 minutes.

Thrust funnel
Can a funnel “refuse” to let water into a bottle? Let's check!

We will need:
- 2 funnels
- two identical clean, dry plastic bottles of 1 liter each
- plasticine
- jug of water

Preparation:
1. Insert a funnel into each bottle.

2. Cover the neck of one of the bottles around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap left.

Let's begin the scientific magic!

1. Announce to the audience: “I have a magic funnel that keeps water out of the bottle.”

2. Take a bottle without plasticine and pour some water into it through a funnel. Explain to the audience: “This is how most funnels behave.”

3. Place a bottle of plasticine on the table.

4. Fill the funnel with water to the top. See what happens.
Result:
A little water will flow from the funnel into the bottle, and then it will stop flowing completely.

Explanation:
Water flows freely into the first bottle. Water flowing through the funnel into the bottle replaces the air in it, which escapes through the gaps between the neck and the funnel. A bottle sealed with plasticine also contains air, which has its own pressure. The water in the funnel also has pressure, which arises due to the force of gravity pulling the water down. However, the force of air pressure in the bottle exceeds the force of gravity acting on the water. Therefore, water cannot enter the bottle.

If there is even a small hole in the bottle or plasticine, air can escape through it. This will cause its pressure inside the bottle to drop, allowing water to flow into it.

Dancing cereal

Some cereals can make a lot of noise. Now we will find out whether it is possible to teach rice cereal to also jump and dance.

We will need:
- paper towel
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) crispy rice cereal
- balloon
- wool sweater

Preparation:

2. Pour the cereal onto a towel.

Let's begin the scientific magic!
1. Address the audience like this: “Of course, you all know how rice cereal can crack, crunch and rustle. And now I will show you how they can jump and dance.”

2. Inflate the balloon and tie it.
3. Rub the ball on a wool sweater.
4. Hold the ball near the cereal and see what happens.

Result:
The flakes will bounce and be attracted to the ball.

Explanation:
Static electricity helps you in this experiment. Electricity is called static when there is no current, that is, movement of charge. It is formed due to the friction of objects, in this case a ball and a sweater. All objects are made of atoms, and each atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons. Protons have a positive charge, and electrons have a negative charge. When these charges are equal, the object is called neutral, or uncharged. But there are objects, such as hair or wool, that lose their electrons very easily. If you rub a ball against a woolen item, some electrons will transfer from the wool to the ball, and it will acquire a negative static charge.

When you bring a negatively charged ball closer to the flakes, the electrons in them begin to be repelled from it and move to the opposite side. Thus, the upper side of the flakes, facing the ball, becomes positively charged, and the ball attracts them towards itself.

If you wait longer, electrons will begin to transfer from the ball to the flakes. Gradually the ball will become neutral again and will no longer attract flakes. They will fall back onto the table.

Sorting
Do you think it is possible to separate the mixed pepper and salt? If you master this experiment, you will definitely cope with this difficult task!

We will need:
- paper towel
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) salt
- 1 teaspoon (5 ml) ground pepper
- spoon
- balloon
- wool sweater
- assistant

Preparation:
1. Lay a paper towel on the table.
2. Sprinkle salt and pepper on it.

Let's begin the scientific magic!

1. Invite someone from the audience to become your assistant.
2. Mix salt and pepper thoroughly with a spoon. Have a helper try to separate the salt from the pepper.
3. When your assistant despairs of separating them, now invite him to sit and watch.
4. Inflate the balloon, tie it and rub it on a woolen sweater.
5. Bring the ball closer to the salt and pepper mixture. What will you see?

Result:
The pepper will stick to the ball, and the salt will remain on the table.

Explanation:
This is another example of the effects of static electricity. When you rub the ball with a woolen cloth, it becomes negatively charged. If you bring the ball to a mixture of pepper and salt, the pepper will begin to be attracted to it. This happens because the electrons in the pepper dust tend to move as far away from the ball as possible. Consequently, the part of the peppercorns closest to the ball acquires a positive charge and is attracted by the negative charge of the ball. The pepper sticks to the ball.

The salt is not attracted to the ball, since electrons do not move well in this substance. When you bring a charged ball to salt, its electrons still remain in their places. The salt on the side of the ball does not acquire a charge - it remains uncharged or neutral. Therefore, the salt does not stick to the negatively charged ball.

flexible water

In previous experiments, you used static electricity to make flakes dance and separate pepper from salt. From this experiment you will learn how static electricity affects ordinary water.

We will need:
- water tap and sink
- balloon
- wool sweater

Preparation:
To conduct the experiment, choose a location where you have access to running water. The kitchen would be perfect.

Let's begin the scientific magic!
1. Announce to the audience: “Now you will see how my magic will control water.”
2. Open the tap so that the water flows in a thin stream.
3. Say magic words, calling the stream of water to move. Nothing will change; then apologize and explain to the audience that you will have to use the help of your magic ball and magic sweater.
4. Inflate the balloon and tie it. Rub the ball on your sweater.
5. Say the magic words again, and then bring the ball to the stream of water. What will happen?

Result:
The stream of water will deflect towards the ball.

Explanation:
When rubbed, electrons from the sweater transfer to the ball and give it a negative charge. This charge repels the electrons in the water, and they move to the part of the stream that is furthest from the ball. Closer to the ball, a positive charge arises in the stream of water, and the negatively charged ball pulls it towards itself.

For the movement of the jet to be visible, it must be small. The static electricity accumulated on the ball is relatively small, and it cannot move a large amount of water. If a stream of water touches the ball, it will lose its charge. The extra electrons will go into the water; both the ball and the water will become electrically neutral, so the stream will flow smoothly again.

When choosing a gift for my eleven-year-old nephew, I couldn’t do without a book))). It was decided to search among books aimed at distracting the guy as much as possible from modern gadgets. Since he is very smart and inquisitive, I hope that he will spend his summer holidays not bored without a tablet, but with the help of this book and another gift, but that’s another topic. I settled on “Fun scientific experiments for children. 30 exciting experiments at home”, Egor Belko, Petersburg publishing house.

ISBN 978-5-496-01343-7

Home experiments. There is probably no child who would not be interested and would not want to build an erupting volcano at home or “settle” a cloud in a jar, a rainbow in a glass, push an egg into a bottle or grow a purple daisy. And even more so when everything that is needed for these experiments is at home: on the desktop or in mom’s kitchen, and no special reagents or chemicals are needed. The most “dangerous” means for conducting experiments in this book is perhaps vinegar.

On each spread it is given detailed description experiment: necessary materials, a description of the preparation and progress of the experiment and its scientific explanation, as well as clear and colorful illustrated tips. All experiments are very simple, and everything needed to carry them out can be easily found in every home. From the age of 6-7, I think, you can already give a book to a child for independent study, and before this age you can have a great time with mom, or even better with dad (dads are better able to explain the properties of objects and materials, they somehow it turns out simpler and clearer)))

My daughter is almost 3 years old, but we also love to experiment. For example, we have already done, we built an entire installation of a mountain peak and a volcano erupting in it, and with ice and simply painted with “soda” paints, and then “foamed” the drawing with vinegar or, perhaps, a solution of citric acid. The child’s delight is guaranteed, and even if he does not understand the reason for what is happening, he will certainly remember the impressions of what he saw. The goal and task of such activities with a child is to simply and clearly show that any phenomenon in nature or human life has a simple explanation, and we can understand its components; awaken the child’s interest in everything that has a logical scientific explanation, but does not give impetus to curiosity at first sight; teach the child to seek the truth of what is happening; and just to make it clear that from any object or material found in the kitchen, yard or bathroom, you can make something interesting and exciting with your own hands. We have already sent the book to my nephew, but I photographed all the spreads so that I could repeat the experiments with my daughter. There is a lot of information about such things on the Internet now, and if you try, you can compile your own book of “home experiments,” but if you don’t want to spend a lot of time searching or just have a holiday coming up for your beloved children, then this book is worthy of attention.

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We have a lot of things stored in our kitchen that we can use most interesting experiments for children. Well, for myself, to be honest, make a couple of discoveries from the “how did I not notice this before” category.

website I chose 9 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.

1. Lava lamp

Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large transparent glass or glass jar.

Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.

2. Personal rainbow

Needed: A container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.

Experience: Pour water into a container and place a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of the flashlight onto the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on the paper on which a rainbow should appear.

Explanation: A ray of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it breaks down into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.

3. Vulcan

Needed: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.

Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle from clay or sand - for the surroundings. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and finally pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.

Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins, releasing water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles push the contents out.

4. Growing crystals

Needed: Salt, water, wire.

Experience: To obtain crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which the salt does not dissolve when adding a new portion. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Next, you can lower a wire with a small loop at the end into the solution. Place the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. In a few days, beautiful salt crystals will grow on the wire. If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.

5. Dancing coin

Needed: Bottle, coin to cover the neck of the bottle, water.

Experience: The empty, unclosed bottle should be placed in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle removed from the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.

Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, but has now heated up and begun to expand.

6. Colored milk

Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.

Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of coloring. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.

Explanation: The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and causes them to move. This is why skim milk is not suitable for the experiment.

7. Fireproof bill

Needed: Ten-ruble bill, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (1/2 part alcohol to 1/2 part water).

Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution until it is completely saturated. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and let it drain excess liquid. Set the bill on fire and watch it burn without getting burned.

Explanation: The combustion of ethyl alcohol produces water, carbon dioxide and heat (energy). When you set fire to a bill, the alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not sufficient to evaporate the water with which the paper bill is soaked. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.

9. Camera obscura

You will need:

A camera that supports long shutter speeds (up to 30 s);

Large sheet of thick cardboard;

Masking tape (for gluing cardboard);

A room with a view of anything;

Sunny day.

1. Cover the window with cardboard so that light does not come from the street.

2. Make a straight hole in the center (for a room 3 meters deep, the hole should be about 7-8 mm).

3. When your eyes get used to the darkness, you will see an inverted street on the walls of the room! The most visible effect will be achieved on a bright sunny day.

4. Now the result can be shot with a camera at a long shutter speed. A shutter speed of 10-30 seconds is fine.