There are many options for how to provide wastewater drainage and treatment on a private site. The septic tank device Tank, Topas, Astra and others is a structure that can simultaneously perform these functions.

The simplest and cheapest option. Construction of a septic tank from concrete rings very similar to a classic cesspool, but with additional wall sealing. It consists of concrete forms that can have different diameter and the width of the bottom, cover and pipes supplying water. In most cases, this design does not involve further use of waste liquid - when overflowing, the water is simply pumped out of the container. But sometimes owners equip such a well with a drainage pump that pumps out technical fluid.

When water enters a well, through the influence of gravity, solid particles from the drain immediately settle to the bottom. Fermentation occurs over several days, due to which some more debris precipitates. Further, if it is equipped with a pump, the water passes through the filters using a compressor and is discharged into another storage tank. From it it can be used to water the field, fertilize plants, etc.

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Setting up such a storage single-chamber septic tank is not particularly difficult:

1. A hole is dug, compacted with crushed stone and sand, and a bottom is installed;
2. Concrete rings and other seals are installed in it. They pre-provide a hole for the entrance and exit of the sewer pipe;
3. After this, the cover is installed.

The design of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings has both advantages and disadvantages. Pros: simplicity and accessibility; rings for a cesspool can be easily made with your own hands. Cons: Regular cleaning is mandatory for such a well. This option is convenient for a toilet or shower in a country house where there is no large volume of wastewater, but for equipping a private building it is recommended to use autonomous treatment plants. By the way, a septic tank made of plastic containers, in particular, barrels or Eurocubes, has similar properties.

Topas (Topaz)

Topas (Topaz) is a septic tank, the design of which is an example of a classic biological purifier. It works thanks to the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the filters. These microorganisms are able to remain without air for a long time, which does not affect their vital activity. A septic tank consists of several chambers, each with a specific purpose.:

1. Primary cleaning compartment. Sewage flows here. In this department, water is purified from solid waste;
2. Aerotank. The most important part of the system is the bacterial container. It is here that special anaerobic filters are located that clean the wastewater from liquid contaminants, chemical compounds and grease. There are two filters here: one at the inlet to the container, the other at its outlet;
3. Sump. Using an overflow hose and a pump, water from the aeration tank enters the settling chamber. The technology of biological septic tanks involves treating wastewater over several days; it spends at least 3 (sometimes 10) in the septic tank. Here the remaining solid particles settle to the bottom, and the purified liquid flows further;
4. Post-treatment chamber. The last section separating the septic tank from the sewer system. Using a filter surface, water is purified from traces of bacterial activity, fat residues, etc.

Diagram of the Topas septic tank

This septic tank can be used for a bathhouse, toilet, shower, private home and even several buildings. To protect the housing from earth pressure, you will need to use a homemade or purchased metal frame.

Tank

A tank is a septic tank in a private house, the design of which involves the presence of several treatment chambers and settling tanks. It is a complete autonomous treatment system that simultaneously defends and cleans the drain. There are models of aerobic and anaerobic operating principles. Accordingly, the action of this antiseptic is carried out both with the help of oxygen-sensitive bacteria and with the use of insensitive microorganisms.

Septic tank design diagram Tank

Construction of an autonomous two-chamber septic tank Tank:

1. Large capacity, which is divided into two separate tanks: additional cleaning, biological aeration tank. In the first, wastewater comes from the sewer and settles for several days for further purification. In the aeration tank, water passes through several filters, after which it is carried through a pipe to the infiltrator;
2. Installation of this type of septic tank involves the installation of an infiltrator - a separate part of the structure in which wastewater is treated using soil or other absorbent substances. From here, part of the wastewater goes into the ground, the rest (if necessary) is carried further for technical use.

This is an ideal option for a large city cottage or private home. It should be noted that after the Tank, the wastewater meets the requirements of the norm on industrial water: It is 90% purified. Its analogue is Unilos Astra, but it is designed for other volumes of work. Their design also complies with SNiP 2.04.04-84.

Tver

The scheme of a three-chamber septic tank Tver is energy-dependent; its operating principle involves the use of electrical energy to clean wastewater. That is why it is rarely used for drainage in a country house or country house. It consists of a large PVC container containing three compartments. Everyone does some type of drain cleaning. One of the main advantages of this model is that after it the water does not need to be further purified by an infiltrator.

Septic tank installation Tver:

1. The sewer pipe is connected to the incoming pipe of the installation. In the tank, gravity purification takes place and water is driven through large filters;
2. In the next compartment biological cleaning is carried out. Anaerobic bacteria “work” here;
3. The last container is characterized as a post-treatment tank. The water is distilled several times through special filters - this helps get rid of odor and residual fat.

Among the advantages is that a drainage and drainage system can also be connected to the septic tank, but it also has certain disadvantages. In particular, at high levels groundwater It will be quite difficult to install a septic tank of such a device with your own hands. In viscous soil (clay, loam), flooding of the system may occur. To avoid this, you will need to additionally equip the pits with iron mesh or make a body of concrete, stone, or brick.

Photo: septic tank Tver

Price overview

The cost of purchasing septic tanks, maintaining systems, installing and cleaning them may vary depending on the city of residence and the brand of the structure.

The estimate may also include additional costs for site preparation and sewer connection.

Rodlex two- and three-chamber septic tanks allow you to create an effective, energy-independent sewage system for a private house or cottage, where from 2 to 18 people live permanently or periodically.

Design and completeness of a multi-chamber septic tank

The Rodlex company produces two- and three-chamber septic tanks for homes or cottages with a capacity of 2, 3, 4 and 5 thousand liters. When purchasing, the required volume is calculated according to SNiP depending on the number of residents - on average about two hundred liters per day per person.

The scope of delivery includes:

• in fact, a septic tank is a seamless cylindrical container divided into compartments by partitions;
• one section of extension neck 50 cm high;
• durable lid with screw connection;
• four sets of PVC elbow and rubber cuff diameter 110 mm.

The septic tank body is a solid cast hollow cylinder with:

• reliable feet for installation on concrete base in the pit;
• seats for inserting pipelines with a cross-section of 110–160 mm;
• 800mm opening for Maintenance, onto which an extension neck (one or several, depending on the depth of the septic tank) is mounted with a screw connection.

Inside, the septic tank is divided by partitions into two or three chambers, which are connected to each other by an overflow system that ensures gradual settling and biological clarification of wastewater. Purified water, depending on the type of soil and groundwater level, is discharged to:

• soil (on sandy and sandy loam soils);
• bottomless concrete wells;
• filtration fields;
• filtration blocks or Rodlex filter wells.

For uninterrupted operation gravity autonomous sewerage At home, it is necessary to maintain the angle of inclination of the pipelines (from one centimeter per meter of pipe), for the unhindered movement of wastewater from the building to the septic tank, and purified water from the sump. It is important to insulate the container from above in order to maintain a comfortable habitat for anaerobic microorganisms, thanks to which biological processing of wastewater occurs.

How does a multi-chamber settling tank work?

Liquid household waste flows through the sewer pipeline into the first compartment of the septic tank, where it is mechanically settled: heavy particles of contaminants fall down, and surfactants and fats form an oil film. The overflow pipe connecting the compartments of the septic tank has an outlet in the middle part of the chamber, so that partially clarified water passes through.

In the second chamber, in the almost complete absence of oxygen, a two-stage fermentation of waste occurs:

1. Acidic - destruction of complex organic matter to fatty acids(acetic, formic, oil and other lower), alcohol and other compounds;
2. Methane - the products of the first stage of purification decompose into simple gaseous elements.

Substances that, as a result of fermentation, have passed from solution into a suspended state, form sediment at the bottom of the second and third (if any) chambers. In a three-chamber tank in the last compartment, the final settling and clarification of the water occurs, which is then removed by gravity from the septic tank.

To activate biological treatment (under heavy load or, conversely, after a long break in use), as well as to prevent the occurrence of unpleasant odors, it is advisable to periodically add bacterial cultures to the septic tank container, which are sold in liquid or dry form in specialized stores. The frequency of pumping out sludge depends on the intensity of operation (usually no more than once every three to four years).

Advantages of Rodlex multi-chamber septic tanks

Thanks to the application modern materials, thoughtful design and cleaning technology, Rodlex multi-chamber septic tanks have the following important advantages:

• energy independence while maintaining high efficiency;
• strength and durability (estimated service life of at least 30 years);
• Compatible with standard extension necks;
• reliable screw connections of the body, necks, lids;
• attractive design, the ability to decorate the cover with stone or wood to create a harmonious landscape design;
• high degree of wastewater treatment without the use of expensive accessories and consumables;
• absence of unpleasant odors;
• ease of installation and maintenance.

If necessary, Rodlex multi-chamber septic tanks together with additional branded tanks, such as R-Block infiltrators or UN filter wells, can be included in more complex systems autonomous sewage system to solve special problems engineering problems(in conditions limited space, on difficult soils). Our store specialists are ready to offer effective schemes creating a sewer system for a private house using various Rodlex containers.

Special attention Summer residents pay attention to autonomous septic tanks without pumping, which do not require frequent maintenance and calling a special sewer truck. In addition, such treatment plants have other positive traits, thanks to which they have earned such great popularity.

Autonomous septic tanks do not require frequent maintenance or calling a special sewer truck!

Surely you have already wanted to install such a turnkey septic tank at your dacha, because it is simple, convenient and profitable. However, which treatment plant should you choose from this category, and how do they work? Answering these frequently asked questions will certainly help you make the right choice.

How does a septic tank work without pumping?

The operating principle of a septic tank that operates without pumping out wastewater is simple. It consists of several chambers connected to each other by an overflow system. The first tank acts as a settling tank, in which solid sediment falls out of the wastewater and remains at the bottom of the chamber. Also in the first tank the wastewater passes through the primary mechanical cleaning with the division of factions.

Wastewater flows into containers that are located further as the first chamber is filled (only light fractions flow there). In the last chamber, the wastewater undergoes the final stage of biological purification, after which the purified water is sent outside the septic tank.

Certificates and expert opinion

Despite the fact that an autonomous septic tank without pumping can function for a long time without pumping out the solid waste generated when the wastewater is divided into fractions, pumping is still necessary. But this is not even waste, but waste products of bacteria living in the septic tank. As a result of the station's operation, a harmless sludge is formed, which can be pumped out with almost any submersible pump and disposed of independently.

Which septic tank without pumping should I choose?

If you do not want to bother yourself with the need to annually clean the septic tank from accumulated solids, pay attention to flow-through septic tanks. Due to the design features and special cleaning technology, these structures do not require constant pumping of waste, like storage models. Thus, after installation, you can forever forget about calling a sewer truck and only rarely carry out maintenance.

Don’t know which septic tank without pumping to buy for your dacha? There are several types of septic tanks, each of which has its own characteristics. Which one should you choose for your dacha? To answer this question, you only need to decide what degree of purification you need at the outlet of the septic tank and whether you have the opportunity to equip an area for additional filtration of wastewater with soil: a drainage element or a filtration field.

Anaerobic septic tank Eurolos Eco

A non-volatile, inexpensive, but effective septic tank for a summer residence, which can provide all the necessary benefits. An ideal solution for a summer residence on a minimal budget. However, before purchasing a flow-through septic tank, it should be taken into account that it will be necessary to install additional treatment facilities for domestic wastewater - an aeration field, filtering drainage elements or a filtration trench. And also the type of soil on the site, because such septic tanks can only be installed in well-permeable soils and at low groundwater levels.

Autonomous cleaning station Eurolos Bio

The Eurolos Bio septic tank is an autonomous productive pumping station, capable of serving both small country houses and impressive-sized cottages while maintaining a high degree of wastewater treatment at a level of up to 95%.

The high degree of purification allows the resulting purified water to be used for technical purposes or simply harmlessly discharged directly onto open ground.

A modern country house is equipped with many technological benefits that were unavailable even a couple of decades ago and the functioning of which requires water. In addition to preparing food and washing hands, there is at least a shower, washing machine, and maybe also Dishwasher. For all these devices, it is necessary to establish not only the supply clean water, but also draining the resulting wastewater. This means that the usual level of convenience cannot be imagined without modern device for treatment of domestic wastewater. When it is impossible to connect a house to a central collector, a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings can be one of the few ways that allows you to properly process waste and prevent soil contamination.

View of a septic tank made of concrete rings in the courtyard of a private house Source mirhat.ru

How does a septic tank work?

For a small private house, a septic tank made of concrete rings is installed according to classic scheme, including two tanks. If a significant volume of wastewater is expected, three tanks (wells) are installed, different in design and functionality. The first two wells are made hermetically sealed; in the third, a crushed stone filter is installed, through which the water flows into the soil.

The principle of constructing a septic tank made of concrete rings Source admiral-oz.ru

Purpose and design of cameras

• The first septic well serves to receive and settle wastewater. Here, thanks to the work of anaerobic bacteria, sedimentation occurs and partial treatment of wastewater occurs (Anaerobic bacteria are able to decompose complex organic matter into simple substances without access to oxygen). The initially clarified water flows into the second section. The volume of the chamber should be equal to half of the total planned volume of the system; its base is concreted.
• In the second well (drainage) with sealed walls and bottom, additional filtration occurs. Additional filters made of gravel can be installed here.
• In the third well, final filtration occurs. The bottom here is not concreted; a sand-crushed stone (or sand) mixture is poured in for final filtration.

Advantages and disadvantages of a septic tank made of concrete rings

Due to the features of use, design and installation, such a system is optimal solution In many cases.

Let's consider all the pros and cons of septic tanks made of concrete rings:

Its advantages include:

• simple installation and use technology. There is no need to supply electrical power, arrange additional drainage, or install a pump;
• reliable autonomous design with high mechanical strength;
• complete freedom in choosing the dimensions of the structure;
• long service life;
• large useful volume and easy maintenance;
• resistance to aggressive environment Wastewater;
• the weight of the rings is a guarantee that groundwater will not displace the septic tank from the soil;
• available materials and reasonable price for building a septic tank.

Video description

Additionally, the septic tank can be improved - example in the video:

Disadvantages of concrete septic tanks:

• Weight building material. During installation it is difficult to do without construction equipment.
• The need for high-quality sealing of seams between rings and joints with pipes.
• Hygroscopicity of concrete, which does not allow the method to be used in flooded areas.
• The need for regular cleaning of containers and pumping out wastewater.

Making the right calculations: capacity and design

At the design stage, a septic tank diagram is created from concrete rings, then the volume of the future device is determined:

Number of cameras

The number of cameras depends on the number of people using the sewer system. If the family actively uses the shower, bathtub and household appliances, the discharge into the sewer will be significant. The drains will require thorough cleaning, for which you will need a septic tank of three wells, two of which will be settling chambers.

Diagram of a septic tank made of concrete rings Source tolkobeton.ru

Capacity

To determine the volume of wastewater entering the septic tank from the kitchen, bathhouse and toilet, you need to calculate the daily water consumption. Knowing that the daily rate of domestic water consumption for one resident is equal to 200 liters, it is easy to calculate that a family of 4 people will fill the septic tank at a rate of 800 liters per day.

The quality of the septic tank improves if wastewater lingers in the chambers for a long enough time. By increasing the volume, you can improve the quality of the wastewater and protect the system from clogging with difficult-to-decompose fat.

By building regulations, the installation must accommodate wastewater that is generated over three days (the daily flow rate must be multiplied by 3). This number determines the volume of the septic tank and the number of chambers:

• a single-chamber septic tank is installed if daily waste does not exceed 1 cubic meter;
• two-chamber – up to 5 cubic meters;
• three-chamber – 8 or more cubic meters.

In a septic tank with two chambers, the first sump occupies the volume of 2/3 of the entire septic tank, in a three-chamber septic tank - half.

What to pay attention to before starting work

If the area has a high aquifer:

• The seams of the septic tank are carefully sealed, otherwise it will constantly be recharged with groundwater and overflow. There will be additional costs for calling a sewage disposal truck.
• The installation of a filtration well becomes meaningless; For additional treatment and drainage of water from the septic tank, another option is needed.

Video description

About septic tanks on high groundwater in the video:

Increased structural strength:

• To protect the building from possible ground movements and shifting of the rings, they are additionally secured with metal ties.
• To reduce the subsidence of the septic tank and improve its thermal insulation and drainage, during installation a cushion of sand, crushed stone or gravel is placed around it.

How much will the rings cost?

Concrete rings are selected based on calculations of the volume of the septic tank. The dimensions of concrete rings for a septic tank are indicated on the marking. They are characterized by the height, diameter and thickness of the walls of the structure, as well as the type of product:

• KS – wall ring, suitable for erecting walls;
• PP – floor slabs;
• PD – road slabs, installed at the bottom of the pit.

The cost of concrete rings is affected by their size and location of production. Reinforced concrete rings with low surface permeability, resistant to aggressive environments, are suitable for sewerage.

The height can be 290, 590, 800, 900 mm. A typical product with a height of 900 mm can have a diameter of 700, 800, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mm. The average price for it varies from 1200 to 1800 rubles. Rings with other parameters can cost from 680-1050 to 1500-2400 rubles.

Rings for septic tank Source humphrey.alpvd.ru

It should be remembered that some rings are marked with an internal (useful) diameter, while others have an external diameter, which is important for selecting caps. The average cost of a reinforced concrete cover or polymer hatch ranges from 1,700 to 2,000 rubles.

When drawing up an estimate for a septic tank made of concrete rings, the price is based on additional materials: pipes, cement, sealant, as well as the cost of work (digging, installing rings). Final average price A turnkey septic tank ranges from 38,000 to 69,000 rubles.

What other materials will you need?

In addition to the required number of reinforced concrete well rings and slabs with a hole for the hatch, additional materials are needed:

• sand, gravel, cement, crushed stone for the “pillow”;
• cement, liquid glass for sealing seams between rings;
• sealed (polymer) hatches;
• shovels, hammer drill;
• pipes and fittings.

Construction stages

Installation is carried out in the following order:

• A location is selected, an installation diagram is drawn up, and the parameters of the septic tank are calculated.
• A hole is dug.
• Rings are installed, pipes are supplied.
• Sealing and waterproofing work is being carried out.
• Floors are being installed.
• Backfilling is in progress.

Video description

The work procedure and installation of a septic tank made of concrete rings in the video:

How to choose the optimal location for a septic tank

The structure is mounted above the groundwater level. The best location is at the maximum distance from the house (at least 7 meters, but no more than 20, so as not to increase the cost of pipeline construction). It is logical to place the septic tank on the border of the site, next to the road. This will reduce operating costs, since the cost of leaving a sewage tank is affected by access to the system and the length of the hose. Moreover, when correct location the sewage disposal truck does not need to enter the yard, and the hoses will not lie on the beds or paths (otherwise, when the hose is rolled up, waste may end up in the garden).

Distance to nearest source drinking water(well, well) - at least 30 (and if possible more) meters.

Pit preparation

Ground work using an excavator takes 2-3 hours. The size of the pit should be slightly larger than the dimensions of the wells. This is necessary for the smooth installation of the rings and their waterproofing. The bottom is covered with crushed stone and concreted.

Preparing a pit for a septic tank made of concrete rings Source rostovgruz.ru

Installation of rings and sewer pipes

Rings for a septic tank are installed using lifting equipment, which significantly saves time (when compared with manual installation). Fixation of the seams is ensured with cement mortar; additionally, metal ties (staples, plates) are installed.

Holes are punched in the rings and plastic overflow pipes are installed. They have a curved shape and work on the principle of a water seal.

The crucial moment is the process of installing rings Source remoskop.ru

Sealing and waterproofing

The seams of a septic tank made of concrete rings are sealed on both sides of the structure. For this purpose, cement and coating protective solutions are used. You can install ready-made plastic cylinders inside the well. This additional cost will make the system 100% sealed.

In the process of waterproofing concrete rings for a septic tank, the connections are processed liquid glass, mastic based on bitumen or polymer, concrete mixture. To prevent freezing (and destruction) of the structure in winter, it is recommended to insulate it with a layer of polystyrene foam.

Sealing joints and waterproofing septic tanks made of concrete rings Source zen.yandex.ru

Hatch installation and backfilling

The wells are covered concrete slabs, with holes for hatches. In the first two wells, ventilation is installed, which is necessary for the removal of methane (gas appears as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria). To backfill the installed floors, use soil taken from the pit (backfill).

Backfilling of finished wells Source lanshaft.com

How to put a septic tank into operation

In order for the system to begin to function effectively, the constructed septic tank must be saturated with anaerobic microflora. The natural accumulation process takes several months, so it is accelerated by saturating the septic tank with imported microflora. You can do this in two ways:

• The new septic tank is being filled wastewater and leave them for 10-14 days. Then sludge sludge from an existing anaerobic septic tank is loaded into it (2 buckets per cubic meter).
• You can purchase ready-made bioactivators (bacterial strains) in the store (the main thing here is not to confuse them with aerobes, which are intended for other treatment systems).

Ready-to-start septic tank made of rings Source remont-book.com

What rules must be followed when servicing a septic tank?

There are simple rules that support the high-quality operation of the system.

1. Cleaning. Twice a year, in addition to cleaning the drains, the septic tank must be inspected and the pipelines cleaned. Once every 5 years (or better yet, every 2-3 years) the bottom heavy fats are removed. The volume of sludge should not exceed 25% of the tank volume. When cleaning, part of the sludge is left to restore the microflora.
2. Quality of work. The wastewater leaving the system must be 70% purified. Analysis of wastewater in the laboratory will determine the acidity indicator, which will allow you to find out the quality of the drainage system.
3. Security measures:

• Work inside the septic tank is allowed only after intensive ventilation and using a safety belt (gases formed inside can be dangerous to human life).
• Increased safety measures are required when working with power tools (humid environments).

A septic tank made of concrete rings makes private housing more autonomous and, despite its shortcomings, it is one of the most reliable and durable options for treatment facilities for suburban real estate.