GP-7 gas masks are the latest and proven models that reliably protect the user from exposure to various toxic substances. Using this equipment, you can protect your respiratory organs, face, and eyes from various substances - from toxic substances to radioactive dust and biological aerosols.

A little history

The first gas mask GP-7 was developed in the 80s of the last century. Thanks to improvements to the previous version of the GP-5 gas mask, the mask of the new model has become more reliable and safer; the ears do not close, since the belt fastening system has been improved. With the help of filtering gas masks, protection against chemical warfare agents is provided. True, the characteristics of the GP-7 gas mask as a protector at critical concentrations of poisons in indoors didn't deserve it good reviews. Today, gas masks of this brand are produced at three factories in Russia.

Purpose of civilian gas masks

The main purpose of these gas masks is to protect the population who live in the hotbed of air contamination by various harmful elements. Such equipment attracts attention due to its ease of use, ease of putting on and light weight, the ability to breathe clean air without harmful impurities for several hours. The GP-7 gas mask is good because it can be used simultaneously in combination with special means that protect the head. In addition, modifications of this gas mask have a special drinking device, thanks to which you can stay in it for quite a long time. Thanks to the convenient panoramic glass, good visibility is ensured. A civilian gas mask consists of several elements:

• metal filter-absorbing box;
• front part of IHL;
• anti-fog film - one box;
• two insulating cuffs MNU-3;
• bags for gas masks;
• rubber pressure cord;
• instruction manual and product form.

The gas mask can be supplemented with a DPG-3 cartridge, which equips civilian ones and thereby expands the scope of their application. The cartridge is able to protect the user from the effects of elements such as ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen cyanide hydride, phosgene, and amines.

Box Features

The main purpose of the filter-absorbing box is to clean the air that a person inhales. GP-7 gas masks are designed to protect the user from toxic, radioactive and bacterial agents. To create the box, tin or aluminum alloys are used, which are given cylindrical shape. To make the body strong, ridges are created on it. Modern gas masks have plastic or metal boxes, each of which is good in its own way. The lightest gas masks are created on the basis of durable plastic - such devices are lightweight and very convenient and comfortable to wear.

The top cover of the box has necks with screw-shaped threads that connect it to the front part. Sealing is ensured by a metal cap and rubber gasket. There is a hole in the bottom of the filter-absorbing box through which inhaled air enters. As additional equipment, the box has an anti-aerosol filter and a carbon catalyst (charge). GP-7 gas mask when placed in a bag is 285x210x115 mm.

The anti-aerosol filter includes a plate in the form of a special filter cardboard, which is folded to increase the filtering surface. The charge is located between two meshes, and on top of one of them there is tampon cardboard - it holds the coal dust.

FPK reliably protects the respiratory system and face from hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, of hydrochloric acid, tetraethyl lead, ethyl mercaptan, nitrobenzene, phenol and furfural.

Front part

GP-7 gas masks have a front part in the form of a mask, which is supplemented with round-shaped viewing glasses for the eyes. Viewing glasses are made of quality material and covered with anti-fog films. If the gas mask will be used at negative temperatures, it is complemented by an insulating cuff, which helps maintain the transparency of the glass during long-term operation.

The front part of the IHL is created for three heights. It includes several elements:

1. A volume-type mask that has an independent seal is a strip of thin rubber that ensures reliable sealing of the front part of the mask on the head.
2. Spectacle node.
3. (membrane).
4. Inhalation and exhalation valve assemblies.
5. Cowl.
6. Headband. It is needed to secure the front part; it consists of a back plate and five straps - they are securely fixed when fitting the mask to the face.
7. Clamping rings that secure films to glass.

Main advantages

GP-7 gas masks are similar in design and functions to previous models, but they also have a number of distinctive features:

• by reducing the resistance of the filter-absorbing box, breathing becomes easier;
• the inhalation/exhalation valve system is designed in the form of petals, so the chambers of the valve box are locked quickly and reliably;
• the presence of an independent seal ensures that the user can remain in a gas mask for a long time and not experience any unpleasant sensations (thanks to it, there is less pressure on the face and a high degree of facial protection is ensured);
• The civilian gas mask GP-7 is equipped with a modern intercom (membrane), due to which speech is clear.

Labeling and packaging

Each gas mask is marked: it is applied with a special waterproof mastic to the filter-absorbing box. Product data reflects information about the batch number, series and FPC number, manufacturer, and date of manufacture. The front part also has markings indicating the size, shape number and manufacturer.

GP-7 gas masks are stored in the original packaging in a box, each box contains 20 sets of products. Their front parts are laid in accordance with the size.

Modifications of GP-7

One of the popular modifications of the civilian gas mask GP-7 is GP-7V. It has the front part of the MGP-V, which is additionally equipped with a device for receiving water from ordinary water. Such equipment allows you to drink water without removing the gas mask. The GP-7 V filter gas mask is necessary as protection against toxic and chemically hazardous substances, radioactive dust, and bacterial agents. The composition of the gas mask is as follows: a filter-absorbing box, a front part, a tube for drinking from a flask, insulating cuffs, an anti-fog film, a bag and a grille.

Another popular type of gas mask GP-7 is the gas mask GP-7VM. The peculiarity of this model is its front shape, equipped with trapezoidal viewing glasses that improve visibility during operation. A special intercom and a device for receiving water are the main differences of this variety.

Features of filter gas masks

The device of the GP-7 gas mask, which is filtering, is as follows: a gas mask bag, a box with anti-fog films for glasses, a lid with a rubber seal that promotes the tightness of the front part, as well as a rubber stopper. GP-7 products are in great demand due to their more advanced design and helmet-mask shape. They provide safe intake of water, liquid medications and other liquids in an area that has become contaminated. It is important that FPK compositions can work for an extended period, and the size is thought out in three sizes.

Prices for gas masks

Model GP-7B (GP-7VMB) is the cheapest GP-7 gas mask. The price of this variety is only 1962 rubles. His distinctive features- improved protective and ergonomic properties. In the process of developing this model, we used Newest technologies and original technical solutions. Using a gas mask, you can protect a person’s respiratory organs, eyes and skin from harmful effects various factors. The advantage of this model is in the FPK plastic box, which differs:

• corrosion resistance;
• low weight of the gas mask as a whole;
• reversible deformation of the material minimizes possible conditions for air penetration along the walls of the housing;
• the box is filled with a modern carbon catalyst that improves protective properties equipment and expands the boundaries of its application;
• The plastic box can be used in gas masks that protect against organic and inorganic gases and vapors.

This gas mask is used to protect the population from exposure to vapors, gases, aerosols, and chemically hazardous substances.

Model GP-7VMB with plastic box- another affordable gas mask GP-7. The price for it starts from 2000 rubles. The advantage of this model is the filter-absorbing box made of durable plastic.

Choosing the right one

1. First you need to pay attention to the compliance of the front part (helmet-mask) and its serviceability. To ensure that the dimensions fit accurately, you need to draw a measuring tape along a closed line of the head through the top of the head, cheeks and chin.
2. The results obtained should be compared with the data given in the table for the helmet. Please note that there are no cracks or punctures on the mask; the glasses must be intact and clean.
3. The gas mask must be worn and tested to ensure that the mask fits as tightly and comfortably as possible to the face.

conclusions

The civil filtering gas mask GP-7 is equipment that allows you to timely protect the user from the effects of negative factors. Modern models This brand is widely used in Russia for protection against vapors and gases contained in the air. Effective protection is provided against such harmful factors as:

• nerve-paralytic effect;
• general toxic effect;
• radioactive exposure;
• blister effect.

At the same time, a gas mask will not protect a person in case of exposure to low-boiling organic matter in the form of methane, ethane, butane, acetylene. Working with a mask is possible for up to 12 hours, and you only need to replace the filter-absorbing boxes when they are used.

Zelinsky Group unites three Russian factories for the production of products under its brand personal protection respiratory organs (RPE): JSC Sorbent (Perm), JSC Tambovmash (Tambov) and JSC Elektrostal Chemical-Mechanical Plant named after N.D. Zelinsky" (Elektrostal).

Among the presented RPE, there are two fundamentally different groups - insulating and filtering gas masks.

Of course, the most complete is the traditional line of gas masks (industrial, civilian, for law enforcement agencies). As a rule, the consumer does not have any questions regarding the choice according to the scope of application, but it is worth understanding the type according to the principle of the protective action of the gas mask. Great opportunity highlight the difference and explain the features - make a comparison using the example of models recently introduced into the range.

Filtering RPE. Operating principle and method of protection

When using a filter-type gas mask, its user breathes ambient air that has been purified in the FPS (filter-absorbing system, hereinafter referred to as the filter) from harmful substances(gases, vapors, aerosols).

Then the purified air enters under the face and into the respiratory organs. When you exhale, the air from under the front part, bypassing the filter, comes out. The absorption of gases and vapors is carried out by adsorption, chemisorption and catalysis, and the absorption of aerosols by filtration.

Adsorption is the absorption of gases and vapors by the surface of a solid body called an adsorbent. In gas masks, the adsorbent is activated carbon. This porous substance has a developed active surface (the surface of 1 g of active carbon is 400–800 sq. m). Aerosol filtration is carried out by an anti-aerosol filter made of fibrous materials that form a mesh. Passing through it, aerosols touch the fibers and are held on them.

There is a wide range of filter gas masks, the choice of which largely depends on the purpose of the gas mask, as well as on the conditions in which they should be used: on the composition, state of aggregation and quantitative content of substances in the air.

Filtering civil gas mask GP-21-U (GP-21-V)

This model is a new product in the Zelinsky Group assortment.

The civil filtering gas mask GP-21-U (GP-21-V) is designed to protect the respiratory system, facial skin and eyes of a person from toxic substances, radioactive substances, hazardous chemical substances of inhalation action, present in the air in the form of gases, vapors and aerosols, as well as from biological (bacterial) agents in emergency situations.

The gas mask is equipped with an MP-3 front part with panoramic glass, a combined special filter of the A1B1E1KHgP3D brand in an all-metal case, a bag for storing and carrying the gas mask, an instruction manual and a passport.

The front part of the MP-3 consists of a body in the form of a low-profile volume-type mask with a liner, a seal molded integrally with the mask body, panoramic “soft” glass, thermally built into the body, a non-separable capsule-type intercom, an exhalation unit, a headband, two inhalation units - a filter connection, one of which is closed with a plug. For the accounting individual characteristics For users, the front part has a left-sided and right-sided arrangement of inhalation units - filter connections. In this case, both inhalation units have threaded connections(one of the nodes is closed with a screw-in plug). This allows you to avoid rearranging the saddle of the inhalation unit when changing the location of the filter.

In the modification of the gas mask GP-21-V, the front part can be equipped with a drinking device, providing the ability to receive water from a flask during operation.

Combined filter brand A1B1E1KHgP3D for gas mask GP-21

The filter has the shape of a cylinder with an external screw neck for connection to the front part. The filter is filled with an absorbing layer (charge) and is equipped with an anti-aerosol filter.
The filter housing is made of metal with a paint coating. This allows you to visually determine visible damage (dents) and spillage of the charge at the site of damage without testing.

The roll-up seam of the filter is located in the area of ​​the filter element, which prevents the entry of untreated air (chemically hazardous substances) into the inhalation zone, even in the event of mechanical damage to the roll-up seam.

Key advantages of the gas mask GP-21-U

• Mask category 3 (Cl3) – mask special purpose for use in emergency situations.
• Speech intelligibility when wearing a gas mask is at least 80%.
• Low profile mask - compatible with any head protection.
• Durable all-metal combination filter brand A1B1E1K1HgP3D.
• Two inhalation valve assemblies, the ability to mount a filter on the right and left sides.
• Self-tightening head straps make it easy to put on and take off the gas mask.

Non-distorting panoramic glass is not destroyed by mechanical stress, the field of view is more than 70%.

The mask prevents fogging and frosting of the panoramic glass.

Operating temperature range is from –40°С to +40°С, with relative air humidity up to 100%.

Each batch of gas masks is accompanied by a certificate of compliance with requirements Technical regulations Customs Union TR CU 019/2011 “On the safety of personal protective equipment”.
The guaranteed shelf life of the civilian gas mask GP-21 is 12.5 years from the date of manufacture.

Insulating RPE. Operating principle and method of protection

The difference between insulating gas masks and filtering ones is that their users do not breathe into the environment atmospheric air, but with clean air from another source.
Such gas masks are divided into two types according to the type of source: self-contained breathing apparatus (when a compressed air cylinder is used) and hose breathing apparatus (when air is supplied through a hose from an external source, for example, a pipeline compressed air). This review shows an example of a breathing apparatus with an air supply hose.

Insulating gas mask PSh-1-155

This model is a new product in the Zelinsky Group assortment.

The insulating hose gas mask PSh-1-155 is designed to protect the respiratory organs, eyes and skin of a person from any harmful impurities in the air, regardless of concentration, as well as for work in conditions of lack of oxygen in the air working area, for work in containers, wells, cisterns, compartments, tanks and closed limited volumes. It is used in various industries, transport, agriculture and public utilities.
Safety of work in a breathing apparatus is ensured by the compatibility of the air supply hose line, elements of equipment and a safety harness.

The PSh-1-155 gas mask is a single-channel insulating Breathe-helping machine, supplying the user with clean air through an air supply hose due to the person's breathing. The time of protective action is not limited!

The rubber-fabric air supply hose is reinforced with a wire spiral to reduce the likelihood of a sharp bend or flattening of the hose.

A person working in a gas mask must be served by an assistant who is located in a clean area (breathable air comes from it through a hose) and communicates with the worker through visual and voice signals. For collaboration Coherence and preliminary preparation are necessary.

Key advantages of gas mask PSh-1-155

• the time of protective action is not limited;
• it is possible to ensure safety when carrying out work in closed containers and gas-hazardous work at height;
• Safety and ease of operation are ensured by the combination of an air supply hose line, equipment elements and a safety harness.

Guaranteed shelf life – 3 years.

Compliance with the requirements of standards: TR TS 019/2011, GOST R 12.4.252-2009, GOST R 12.4.236-2013 class 2, GOST R 12.4.189-99 (category 2,3).

The design ensures gas-safe work in accordance with the provisions of the instructions “ Standard instructions on organizing safe work" dated February 20, 1985 and carrying out work that falls within the requirements of the rules for work at height in accordance with Order of the Russian Ministry of Labor No. 155n dated March 28, 2014 "On approval of labor protection rules when working at height" . The antistatic safety harness PS-03 AS included in the gas mask (GOST R EN 361-2008) is used to provide insurance against falling from a height and emergency evacuation of people from hazardous areas.

How to choose a gas mask and what to consider

For convenience, we summarize the main fundamental features of the use, similarities and differences of gas masks of the types considered in Table 1.

The presence in the Zelinsky Group assortment of both filtering and insulating gas masks reliably provides the ability to select a model for most emerging needs.
Stay tuned for new products! Work to improve the effectiveness of existing gas masks will continue. The devices will be improved and further developed, and perhaps completely new forms of personal protection against toxic substances will even appear.

Gas masks are means to protect the respiratory system, vision and skin from hazardous substances in the air. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the different types and types of gas masks. You will learn about the design features of protective equipment, how to choose a gas mask, how to wear it correctly and what is prohibited to do while wearing it. Read the most full instructions to civilian gas masks.

What is a gas mask and what is it intended for?

Gas masks are divided into various types and types, they depend on the design features and the scope of their application. Next, we will look at which models of gas masks are used in specific situations. The purpose of gas masks is different:

• Protection of the civilian population located within the radius of contamination with potent toxic substances (STS) for safe movement.
• Protection during the military use of bacteriological and chemical weapons (carrying out combat missions in contaminated conditions).
• Personnel protection industrial enterprises, interacting at work with SDYAV.
• Immersion in water (using an insulating gas mask).
• Work in smoke-filled areas (rescue services, firefighters).
• Carrying out work and rescue operations in rooms with sprayed aerosols.
• Working with aerosol substances in everyday life (when spraying garden plots).

Types of gas masks

According to the internal structure and method of protection, there are two main types: and. Civil filtering gas masks (GP) are equipped with a filter box, which allows air to be purified when inhaled. A person inhales the same air that is around him, but without harmful impurities. Filters are suitable for specific types of toxic substances and are easily replaced.

An insulating gas mask (IG) is equipped with a compressor box and is used when there is a lack of oxygen in the environment. The main difference from GP: a person inhales air from a protected source and is completely isolated from the effects of SDYAV. This method of protection is universal; its effectiveness is not related to the type of air pollution. PI are divided into autonomous (they have their own cylinder with compressed air) and hose (air enters them from an external source using a long hose).

Purpose of an insulating gas mask:

• When keeping large quantity hazardous substances in the air.
• When the air is saturated with substances that are able to pass through the GP filters.
• Under oxygen-free conditions and for underwater work.

Types of gas masks by area of ​​application

Gas masks are used in different areas vital activity, they are divided into several groups:

• Civilian (GP).
• Military mask-and-box (PMK).
• Industrial (VC).
• Children's and infants.

Civilian gas masks are used to preserve people's health during a chemical attack and air contamination. They have the simplest design and a device that every person can understand. They can be used after minimal instruction.

Military gas masks have a more complex design and are supplemented with various attributes (hose, various filters, air cylinder, and so on). Even while using a secondary battery, a soldier must be able to carry out combat missions.

Industrial devices are used in hazardous industries where the concentration of toxic substances is exceeded and when there is a threat of emergency situations. Children's and infant GPs are distinguished by their reduced size.

Components of gas masks

The internal design of gas masks depends on the type of device. The main components of the filter GP include:

• Front part (helmet-mask).
• Removable box with filter.
• Inhalation and exhalation valves.
• Intercom device.

Insulating gas masks, instead of a box with a filter, are equipped with a hose that is combined with a cartridge for air regeneration or an oxygen cylinder. In addition to these parts, the design contains: an insulating cover, a starting briquette, a breathing bag, and a bag.

The design of the front part of different gas masks differs. Some models hermetically cover the face, ears, and back of the head. Other types (especially military gas masks) have holes for the ears or cover only the face. This was done in order to improve audibility in tactical conditions.

The principle of operation of a gas mask

Let's look at how a filter gas mask works. Main component GP is a filter box. Once air enters it, it goes through several stages of purification (this depends on the filter used). Activated carbon is used as an absorber of hazardous substances. Due to the porosity and increased active surface of coal, it retains some substances inside itself.

However, not all SDYAVs are retained by a conventional carbon filter. In this case, a layer with a chemically active substance (silver oxide, copper oxide) is added to the layer of activated carbon. This provokes additional reactions. To protect against smoke and aerosols, special types of filters are used: anti-aerosol filters. They consist of a multilayer fibrous material that traps particles.

Insulating models of gas masks are based on a different operating principle: they do not filter the surrounding air, but allow a person to breathe without it. A special frame houses a regenerating cartridge and a breathing bag, from where air is supplied to the respiratory organs through a system of tubular connections. The disadvantages of IP are the limited time of use and heavy design.

How to put on a gas mask

They teach you how to put on a gas mask correctly in life safety classes at school. This is a simple sequence of actions. Their knowledge will help save the lives of yourself and your loved ones. Dangerous workers industrial production must study the instructions for gas masks.

There are generally three positions of protective equipment: “traveling” (in a special bag), “ready” (intermediate state) and “combat” (direct use).

Instructions for putting on a gas mask and bringing it to a state of combat readiness:

• Remove any foreign objects from your head.
• Close eyes.
• Hold your breath.
• Remove the gas mask from the storage bag.
• Take the front part at the bottom so that your thumbs are on the outside of the mask and the rest on the inside.
• Insert your chin into the lower part of the protection.
• Put on the front part with a quick movement.
• If folds or discomfort appear, repeat the operation again.
• Open your eyes, start breathing.

How to choose a gas mask: basic rules

First you need to decide on the type of gas mask. GPs represented various models filter type. They may differ in the degree of protection, filter features, and additional attributes for comfort and safety. However, the main task is to select the correct size of the GPU. Its efficiency and reliability directly depend on this.

For determining correct size device, measure two main parameters: head circumference in the vertical and horizontal parts. The horizontal measurement is taken through the eyebrows and top part ears, vertical - through the crown and chin. Both indicators are summed up, and as a result we find out the size of the gas mask: from 0 to 4.

• Up to 92 – 0.
• From 92 to 95.5 – 1.
• From 95.5 to 99 – 2.
• From 99 to 102.5 – 3.
• More than 102.5 – 4.

Some gas masks are equipped with adjustable straps, their size can be slightly adjusted. Otherwise, it is necessary to select it as accurately as possible. GP models for children and teenagers are usually equipped with such straps. A correctly selected size will ensure not only safety, but also ease of use.

What not to do when wearing

When wearing a gas mask in emergency conditions, it is strictly forbidden to allow it to depressurize. Sometimes the desire to free yourself from a heavy and uncomfortable device is too great, especially in conditions of physical activity or insufficient oxygen supply to the lungs. The filter box allows a small amount of oxygen to pass through, which leads to discomfort for people with respiratory diseases. However, it should be remembered that even a small ingress of poisoned air into the gas mask will make its use meaningless.

by discipline

Individual protection means. Types of gas masks

INTRODUCTION

As a result of their activities, people use chemicals that, due to their properties, have a harmful effect on the body. Despite the constant improvement of technology, the potential danger of situations associated with releases of highly toxic substances (STS), leaks, etc. is increasing.

In order to protect the population from the effects of ADAS, as well as to localize the consequences, timely and correct use of personal protective equipment is required.

Among the measures to protect the population in emergencies of a man-made nature or when exposed to weapons of mass destruction (WMD) of a possible enemy, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) occupies one of the leading places. PPE is necessary to protect the respiratory system when people are in an atmosphere of contaminated air with poisonous, radioactive hazardous chemical substances, biological agents, as well as to protect open areas of skin and clothing (uniforms) from contact with drops and aerosols of toxic and hazardous chemical substances, radioactive dust and biological agents.

This abstract gives an idea of ​​personal protective equipment, the procedure for their use, and also contains information on determining the individual size of personal protective equipment.

PERSONAL RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Classification of personal protective equipment

Personal protective equipment is divided into:

· personal respiratory protection equipment (RPP);

· Personal skin protective equipment (SPE).

Based on the principle of protective action, RPE and SIZK are divided into filtering and insulating. RPE includes gas masks, respirators, portable breathing apparatus (PDA), and a set of additional cartridges.

PPE includes protective clothing of the filtering and insulating type, made of filtering and insulating materials, respectively. In the complex of protective measures, it is important to provide the population with personal protective equipment and practical training in the correct use of these equipment in conditions of the enemy’s use of weapons of mass destruction. Personal protective equipment is intended to protect against the entry of radioactive, toxic substances and bacterial agents into the body, skin and clothing. The first include filtering and insulating gas masks, respirators, as well as anti-dust fabric masks (PTM - 1) and cotton-gauze bandages; the second category includes special insulating protective clothing, protective filtering clothing (PF) and adapted clothing for the population. Based on the principle of protection, personal protective equipment is divided into filtering and insulating. The principle of filtration is that the air necessary to maintain human life is cleared of harmful impurities when passing through protective equipment. Isolating personal protective equipment completely isolates the human body from environment using materials impermeable to air and harmful impurities. According to the manufacturing method, personal protective equipment is divided into: industrially manufactured and simple, made from scrap materials.

Filtering gas masks.

Filtering gas masks are the main means of personal respiratory protection. The principle of their protective action is based on preliminary purification (filtration) of the air inhaled by a person from various harmful impurities.

Currently, the civil defense system for the adult population uses filtering gas masks GP-5, GP-7. (Fig. 1).

Components: filtering - absorbent box, front part (for gas mask GP-5 - helmet-mask, GP-7 - mask), bag for gas mask, connecting tube, box with anti-fog films.

Terms of use. When putting on a gas mask, it is necessary to remove hair from the forehead and temples. If they get under the seal, the seal will break. Therefore, girls should comb their hair smoothly back, remove hairpins, combs, pins and jewelry.

When transferring the gas mask to the combat position, on the command “Gases!”, it is necessary:

· hold your breath and close your eyes;

· remove the headdress and hold it between your knees or place it next to you;

· take the helmet-mask out of the bag, take it with both hands by the thickened edges at the bottom so that the thumbs are facing outside, and the rest are inside. Bring the helmet-mask to your chin and with a sharp movement of your hands up and back, put it on your head so that there are no folds at the top (for GP-7, pull the cheek straps all the way);

· exhale completely, open your eyes and resume breathing;

· put on a hat, fasten the bag and secure it to the body.

The gas mask is considered to be worn correctly if the glasses of the front part are against the eyes and the helmet-mask fits tightly to the face.

The need to exhale forcefully before opening your eyes and resuming breathing after putting on a gas mask is explained by the fact that it is necessary to remove contaminated air from under the mask if it got there at the time of putting it on.

The gas mask is removed by the command “Gas mask off!” To do this, you need to lift the headgear, take the valve box with the other hand, slightly pull the helmet-mask down and remove it with a forward and upward movement, put on the headgear, turn the helmet mask out, wipe it thoroughly and put it in the bag.

For children - DP-6, DP-6m, PDF-7, PDF-2D, PDF-2Sh, as well as a children's protective camera KDZ-6. It should be borne in mind that filter gas masks do not protect against carbon monoxide, therefore, to protect against carbon monoxide, an additional cartridge is used, which consists of hopcalite, a desiccant, an outer neck for screwing on the connecting tube, and an inner neck for connecting to the gas mask box.

Insulating gas masks.

Insulating gas masks (IP-4M, IP-4MK, IP-5, IP-46, IP-46m) are special means of protecting the respiratory system, eyes, and facial skin from all harmful impurities contained in the air. (Fig. 3). They are used when filter gas masks do not provide such protection, as well as in conditions of lack of oxygen in the air. The air necessary for breathing is enriched in insulating gas masks with oxygen in a regenerative cartridge equipped with a special substance (sodium peroxide and sodium superperoxide).

The gas mask consists of:

front part;

· regenerative cartridge;

· breathing bag;

frame;

·bags.

Respirators, dust-proof cloth masks and cotton-gauze bandages

In the civil defense system, the R-2 respirator is most widely used. Respirators are used to protect the respiratory system from radioactive and ground dust and when operating in a secondary cloud of bacterial agents.

The R-2 respirator is a filtering half mask equipped with two inlet valves and one outlet valve (with a safety screen), a headband consisting of elastic bands and a nose clip.

If a lot of moisture appears while using the respirator, it is recommended to remove it for 1 - 2 minutes, remove the moisture, wipe the inner surface and put it on again.

Anti-dust fabric mask PTM-1 and a cotton-gauze bandage are intended to protect the human respiratory system from radioactive dust and when operating in a secondary cloud of bacterial agents. They do not protect against toxic substances. The mask consists of two main parts - the body and the mount. The body is made of 2 - 4 layers of fabric. There are inspection holes cut out in it with glass inserted into them. The mask is attached to the head with a strip of fabric sewn to the side edges of the body. A tight fit of the mask to the head is ensured with the help of an elastic band in the top seam and ties in the bottom fastening seam, as well as with the help of a transverse elastic band sewn to the upper corners of the mask body. The air is purified by the entire surface of the mask as it passes through the fabric upon entry.

Anyone can make a mask.

The mask is worn when there is a threat of contamination from radioactive dust. When leaving the contaminated area, decontaminate it as soon as possible: clean it (knock out the radioactive dust), wash it in hot water with soap and rinse thoroughly, changing the water.

Cotton-gauze bandage. (VMP) This requires a piece of gauze measuring 100 by 50 cm. A layer of cotton wool 1 - 2 cm thick, 30 cm long, 20 cm wide is applied to the gauze. The gauze is folded on both sides and placed on the cotton wool. The ends are cut lengthwise at a distance of 30 - 35 cm so that two pairs of ties are formed. If necessary, cover the mouth and nose with a bandage; The upper ends are tied at the back of the head, and the lower ends at the crown. Lumps of cotton wool are placed in narrow strips on both sides of the nose. Dust-proof goggles are used to protect the eyes.

SKIN PROTECTION PRODUCTS

Isolating and filtering skin protection products.

Based on the principle of protective action, skin protection products are divided into insulating and filtering ones.

Insulating skin protection products are made from airtight materials, usually from special elastic and frost-resistant rubberized fabric. They can be sealed or not sealed. Sealed means cover the entire body and protect from vapors and drops of chemical agents; non-sealed means protect only from drops of chemical agents.

Insulating skin protection means include a general protective kit and special protective clothing.

Filtering skin protection products are made in the form of cotton uniforms and linen impregnated with special chemicals. Impregnation thin layer envelops the threads of the fabric, and the spaces between the threads remain free; As a result, the air permeability of the material is largely preserved, and OM vapors are absorbed when contaminated air passes through the fabric.

Ordinary clothing and underwear can serve as filtering means for protecting the skin if they are impregnated, for example, with a soap-oil emulsion.

Insulating skin protection general protective kit, lightweight protective suit.

Insulating skin protection means - general protective kit and special protective clothing - are intended mainly to protect personnel of civil defense formations when working in contaminated areas.

The combined arms protective kit consists of a protective raincoat, protective stockings and protective gloves.

The protective raincoat of the set has two sides, sides, sleeves, a hood, as well as straps, ribbons and fasteners, allowing the raincoat to be used in various options. The fabric of the raincoat provides protection from toxic, radioactive substances and bacterial agents, as well as from light radiation. The weight of the protective raincoat is about 1.6 kg.

Protective raincoats are made in five sizes: the first for people up to 165 cm tall, the second - from 165 to 170 cm, the third from 170 to 175 cm, the fourth - from 175 to 180 cm and the fifth - over 180 cm.

Protective gloves - rubber, with seals made of impregnated fabric (fabric impregnated with special compounds that increase its protective ability against chemical vapors) come in two types: summer and winter. Summer gloves are five-fingered, winter gloves are two-fingered, have an insulated liner fastened with buttons. The weight of protective gloves is about 350 g.

Protective stockings are made of rubberized fabric. Their soles are reinforced with canvas or rubber vamps. Stockings with a canvas vamp have two or three ribbons for attaching to the leg and one ribbon for attaching to the waist belt; Stockings with a rubber vamp are attached to the legs using straps, and to the waist belt - with a ribbon. The weight of protective stockings is 0.8-1.2 kg. When operating in contaminated areas, a protective raincoat is used in the form of overalls.

Special protective clothing includes: light protective suit L-1.

The suits are made in three sizes: the first for people up to 165 cm tall, the second from 165 to 172 cm, the third above 172 cm.

Fig.1. The lightweight protective suit is made of rubberized fabric and consists of a shirt with a hood 1, trousers 2, sewn together with stockings, two-fingered gloves 3 and a balaclava 4. In addition, the suit includes a bag 5 and a spare pair of gloves. The weight of the protective suit is about 3 kg.

The protective overalls are made of rubberized fabric. It consists of trousers, a jacket and a hood sewn into one piece. The overalls are manufactured in three sizes, corresponding to the dimensions specified for a light protective suit.

The overalls are used together with a balaclava, gloves and rubber boots. Rubber boots are made from sizes 41 to 46. Rubber gloves are all the same size, five-fingered.

The weight of the protective overalls complete with boots, gloves and balaclava is about 6 kg.

Filtering skin protection means include a set of filter clothing in the Western Federal District, consisting of cotton overalls, men's underwear, a cotton balaclava and two pairs of cotton foot wraps.

Along with filtering and isolating skin protection products, improvised skin protection products are also used.

MEDICAL PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Classification of medical personal protective equipment.

Medical personal protective equipment is medical preparations, materials and special means intended for use in emergencies to prevent damage or reduce the effect of exposure to damaging factors and prevent complications.

Standard medical personal protective equipment includes:

Individual first aid kit AI-2;

Universal first aid kit

Individual anti-chemical packages - IPP-8, IPP-10.

Medical dressing package - PPM

Individual first aid kit AI-2.

Individual first aid kit AI-2 is intended for prevention and first aid for radiation, chemical and bacterial injuries, as well as their combinations with injuries. Carry a first aid kit in your pocket. It contains:

Socket No. 1: syringe tube with an analgesic agent (with a colorless cap). Not included in the first aid kit. It is used for severe pain caused by bone fractures, extensive burns and wounds, in order to prevent shock by injection into the thigh or buttock (can be done through clothing).

Socket No. 2: AI-2 contains a prophylactic agent for poisoning with FOV - toren. The onset of action of toren is 20 minutes after administration. Take one tablet at a time when there is a chemical alarm. Children under 8 years old take a quarter of a tablet at a time, 8-15 years old - half a tablet. A single dose of toren reduces the damaging dose of FOV by 10 times. If signs of poisoning increase, take another single dose, and subsequently take the drug after 4-6 hours. Instead of toren or in addition to it, the drug P-6 can be used. A single dose of 2 tablets provides protection against 3-4 lethal doses within 12 hours. The personnel of the Armed Forces and non-paramilitary civil defense formations are provided with AI-1 first aid kits, which contain the medicinal drug Athens in a syringe tube with a red cap, used for FOV poisoning.

Slot No. 3: antibacterial agent No. 2 (sulfadimethoxine) is intended for the prevention of infectious diseases after radiation exposure. Take 7 tablets at a time after irradiation if gastrointestinal disorders occur, 4 tablets in the next 2 days. Children under 8 years old: 2 tablets on the first day, 1 tablet in the next 2 days; 8-15 years old, 3.5 tablets on the first day, 2 tablets on the next two days.

Socket No. 4: radioprotective agent N 1 (RS-1, cystamine tablets) - has a preventive effect in case of lesions ionizing radiation. The dose reduction factor (DRF) - an indicator characterizing the degree of reduction in the biological effect of radiation - when taking RS-1 is 1.6. If there is a threat of radiation, on the signal “Radiation danger” or before entering an area with an increased level of radiation 35-40 minutes take 6 tablets with water. The protective effect lasts 5-6 hours. If necessary (continuing exposure or a new threat), take 6 more tablets 4-5 hours after the first dose. Children under 8 years old are given 1.5 tablets per dose, 8-15 years old - 3 tablets.

Socket No. 5: antibacterial agent No. 1 (chlortetracycline tablets with nonstate) is intended for general emergency prevention of infectious diseases (plague, cholera, tularemia, anthrax, brucellosis, etc.), the pathogens of which can be used as biological weapons. Take when there is a threat of bacteriological infection or infection itself (even before the type of pathogen is determined). Single dose - 5 tablets at a time, washed down with water. Repeat the same dose after 6 hours. Children under 8 years old take 1 tablet per dose, 8-15 years old - 2.5 tablets. PBS-1 can also be used to prevent infectious complications of radiation sickness, extensive wounds and burns.

Socket No. 6: radioprotective agent N 2 (RS-2, potassium iodide tablets 0.25 each) is intended for persons located in the zone of radioactive fallout: it blocks the thyroid gland for radioactive iodine entering with breath, food and water. Take 1 tablet on an empty stomach for 10 days (in peacetime, in the event of a nuclear power plant accident, take it all the time and for another 8 days after the last emission). Children 2-5 years old are given half a tablet, less than 2 years old - a quarter tablet, infants - a quarter tablet only on the first day. If you start taking it in the first 2-3 hours after the deposition of radioactive iodine, the protection is 90-95%, after 6 hours - 50%, after 12 hours - 30%, after 24 hours - there is no effect.

Socket No. 7: an antiemetic is used after irradiation, as well as for nausea as a result of a head injury. You can take no more than 6 tablets per day.

Individual anti-chemical package.

IPP-11 contains a polydegassing formulation contained in a bottle and a set of wipes. Designed for disinfection of skin areas, adjacent clothing and personal protective equipment, of the population over 7 years of age from combat agents and BS. Avoid contact of liquid with eyes.

Treatment sequence: use a moistened swab to wipe open areas of the skin (neck, hands), as well as outer surface the gas mask he was wearing. Use another swab to wipe the collar and edges of the cuffs of the clothing adjacent to the open areas skin. Degassing liquid can be used to decontaminate skin contaminated with radioactive substances when it is not possible to reduce the presence of radioactive substances to acceptable limits with water and soap.

Medical dressing package.

The PPM dressing package is used to dress wounds, burns and stop certain types of bleeding. It is a sterile bandage with two cotton-gauze pads, enclosed in an impenetrable hermetic package. The procedure for using the PPM: tear the outer shell along the cut and remove it; unfold the inner shell; take the end with one hand and the roll of the bandage with the other and unfold the bandage; Apply to the wound surface so that their surfaces, stitched with colored thread, are at the top.

respirator gas mask protective suit

CONCLUSION

Respiratory and skin protection equipment is now needed not only by military personnel in case of the use of toxic substances during combat operations. They are widely used in peacetime, especially in enterprises that manufacture or use hazardous chemical substances (HAS) in production. Gas and mine rescue teams have to work in gas masks.

Thus, skillful use of PPE is achieved through constant training. In this case, special attention during training should be paid to: acquiring knowledge about the purpose, design and procedure for using PPE in different conditions situation. You should also know that maintaining PPE in good condition and constant readiness for use is achieved by following the rules for their conservation, timely and high-quality repairs And technical maintenance.

In the complex of protective measures carried out by civil defense, great importance has provision of the population with means of special prevention and first aid, as well as training in the rules of their use.

The use of medical personal protective equipment in combination with respiratory and skin protective equipment is one of the main ways to protect people in conditions of the enemy using weapons of mass destruction, as well as in peacetime emergency situations. Considering that in a difficult situation it is necessary to ensure prevention and first medical care in the shortest possible time, the use of medical means in the form of self- and mutual assistance becomes of particular importance.

The lack of skill in using PPE and violation of the rules of storage, conservation, maintenance and timely refreshment have an extremely negative impact on the readiness of units in the face of the enemy’s use of weapons of mass destruction and the performance of combat missions to eliminate man-made and natural emergencies.

All respiratory protection equipment must be kept in good working order and ready for use at all times.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1)“Life Safety” Textbook. Moscow 2001

)“Protection from emergency situations” Library “Military Knowledge” Moscow 2008

)“Respiratory and skin protection means.” Moscow 2007

)« Emergencies. a brief description of and classification" Moscow-2008

)"Emergencies". Schoolchild's Encyclopedia. 2005

As you know, gas masks are intended mainly to protect the respiratory organs, eyes and facial skin from the penetration of harmful elements that could be contained in the intake air. To date, a huge number of different gas mask systems have been created, and it is difficult to understand the purpose of all of them. to an ordinary person not so easy.

Purpose of a gas mask

The invention of the gas mask is associated with the use of a new tactic by the German army during the First World War - gas attack. The gas was extremely difficult to use; it killed slowly and painfully, but with a huge area of ​​destruction for those times.

Just two weeks after the first attack, the first personal protective equipment against the toxic substance began to appear. At first they tried to protect themselves with bandages soaked in acids that neutralized chemical agents, and then they thought about more effective countermeasures. They were vigorously developed by military and civilian departments around the world.

Gas mask and respirator: distinctive features

Personal chemical protection equipment is divided into two main categories: gas masks and respirators. The main difference between these two products is that the respirator does not cover the entire face, but only the area of ​​the nose and mouth - everything else remains open. Whereas a gas mask covers almost the entire head, eyes and protects both the respiratory organs and the surface of the entire head from the penetration of harmful elements.

Types of gas masks

The main purpose of most types of gas masks is to protect the respiratory tract. Based on the methods of protection and types of structures, there are two types of gas masks: filtering and insulating.

Filtering gas mask GP

Used with a filter box and designed to protect the respiratory system using mechanical filters or chemical reactions. Those who wear such a gas mask continue to inhale the surrounding air mixture in a purified form.

Such gas masks provide protection only for a limited time and only against a specified type of harmful elements. This happens because the filter box is not universal and, moreover, will require replacement after its service life has expired. Filter lifespans may vary. Their effect can last a few minutes, or even a day, and depends on the degree of damage to the habitat.

Self-contained gas mask (IP)

This device is equipped with a compressor box. An insulating gas mask is intended to protect the respiratory organs in conditions of oxygen deficiency. Distinctive feature The difference between an insulating gas mask and a filter one is that its owner can receive the breathing mixture not from the external environment.

This type of gas mask is divided into two types depending on the source of the breathing mixture. The first type is a self-contained breathing apparatus, the owner of which has its own compressor box with a compressed air cylinder. The second type is a hose gas mask (respirator) that receives air flow from an external source, for example, from a pipeline with compressed air.

In addition, combined versions of insulating gas masks are often used. For example, when the main air flow comes through a hose, but in case of emergency there is also a self-contained air tank.

Types of gas masks by area of ​​application

By area, gas masks are divided into military, civil, industrial and even children's.

Military gas mask (PMK)

Military gas masks are different high level reliability and versatility and are included in the standard equipment of all military personnel. In addition, they are used by some paramilitary structures. For example, a general-arms gas mask can be used in the Ministry of Emergency Situations and similar organizations.

Civilian gas mask (GP)

May be issued to the public in emergency circumstances. These gas masks are quite cheap to produce but are generally reliable. Outwardly, they are not very different from military modifications, if you do not pay attention that the materials of the GP are not as high as those of military models.

Industrial gas mask (IGC)

This is a special type of gas masks for working with dangerous chemical elements. As a rule, such gas masks are built into OZK or similar protective equipment.

Children's gas mask

This modification is used to protect the respiratory organs of children and adolescents; it is smaller in size. By the way, there are also infant devices - designs with rubber chambers in metal frame, in which the entire child is placed, into which air is then pumped using bellows.

Purpose of civilian gas masks

The main purpose of all civilian gas masks is to protect the population caught in areas of environmental contamination with various harmful substances. Such devices are distinguished by their ease of use, light weight, and the ability to breathe purified air for a limited time.

Rules for using gas masks

In case of a possible threat, the device is worn on the stomach in a special bag, and the buttons on it must be undone. The procedure for putting on a gas mask:

1. Take a breath;
2. Hold the breath;
3. Close eyes;
4. Remove the gas mask from the bag using your left hand;
5. Remove the plug in the filter box;
6. Place four fingers of each hand inside the gas mask, leaving the thumbs outside;
7. Place the bottom of the mask on the chin area;
8. Exhale;
9. Pull the gas mask from bottom to top with a sharp movement and straighten it so that there are no wrinkles;
10. Open eyes;
11. Hang the bag to the side so that it does not interfere with freedom of movement.

When devices are issued for a long time, it is necessary to monitor their condition. They need to be cleaned, the glasses of the mask must be wiped. In addition, you should monitor the level of production in the filter box (the time and conditions for its replacement are usually written on it).

And most importantly, you need to try to get out of the affected area as quickly as possible.

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