IN modern construction all sizes landings and marches are strictly regulated State Standards, approved during the existence Soviet Union and still in force today is GOST 9818-85. This mainly concerns iron concrete structures and their assembly, as well as slopes, step sizes, and so on.

Below we will talk about such structures and standards, and you will also be shown a video in this article on this topic.

When manufacturing and installing reinforced concrete structural blocks for arranging stairs, parameters such as length, width, thickness, number of steps and their height, as well as strength characteristics are taken into account finished products. In addition, the parameters of the building where they will be installed are also taken into account, so their production has different dimensions.

Tables of dimensions of LM and LP

For marking flights of stairs The abbreviation LM is used, and for staircase landings LP. They are followed by numbers indicating the differences.

Marking of staircases	Compliance (GOST)	Dimensions in mm	Weight in kg	Volume in m3
LM 12/19/09-5-d	9818	1860x1200x900	1440	0?576
LM 19.13.5.09-5-d	9818	1860x1350x900	1620	0,648
LM 19.13.09-5-d	9818	1860x1300x900	1560	0,624
LM 22.09.10.5-5-d	9818	2160x900x1050	1250	0,5
LM 22.10.10.5-5-d	9818	2160x1000x1050	1390	0,556
LM 28.10.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x1000x1350	1760	0,704
LM 28.12.5.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x1250x1350	2200	0,88
LM 19.12.5.09-5-d	9818	1860x1250x900	1500	0,6
LM 22.10.5.10.5-5-d	9818	2160x1050x1050	1460	0,584
LM 22.11.5.10.5-5-d	9818	2160x1150x1050	1595	0,638
LM 22.1110.5-5-d	9818	2160x1100x1050	1525	0,61
LM 22.12.5.10.5-5-d	9818	2160x1250x1050	1735	0,6928
LM 22.12.10.5.-5-d	9818	2160x1200x1050	1655	0,666
LM 22.13.10.5-5-d	9818	2160x1350x1050	1875	0?75
LM 22.13.10.5-5-d	9818	2160x1300x1050	11805	0,722
LM22.09.12-5-d	9818	2460x900x1200	1415	0,566
LM 25.10.5.12-5-d	9818	2460x1050x1200	1685	0,674
LM 25.10.12-5-d	9818	2460x1000x1200	1575	0,63
LM 25.11.5.12-5-d	9818	2460h1150h1200	1845	0,738
LM 25.11.12-5-d	9818	2460x1100x1200	1730	0,692
LM 25.12.5.12-5-d	9818	2460x1250x1200	1965	0?786
LM 25.12.12-5-d	9818	2460x1200x1200	1925	0,77
LM 25.13.5.12-5-d	9818	2460x1350x1200	2125	0?85
LM 25.13.12-5-d	9818	2460x1300x1200	2045	0,818
LM 20.09.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x900x1350	1585	0,634
LM 28.10.5.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x1050x1350	1850	0?74
LM 28.11.5.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x1150x1350	2025	0,81
LM 28.11.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x1100x1350	1935	0,774
LM 28.12.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x1200x1350	2110	0,844
LM 28.13.5.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x1350x1350	2375	0,95
LM 28.13.13.5-5-d	9818	2760x1300x1350	2290	0,916
LM 30.10.5.14-5-d	9818	2760x1050x1400	1850	0,74
LM 10.10.14-5-d-2	9818	2760x1950x1400	1710	0,684
LM 30.11.5.14-5-d-2	9818	2760x1150x1400	2025	0,81
LM 30.11.14-5-d-2	9818	2760x1100x1400	1880	0,752
LM 30.12.14-5-d-2	9818	2760x1200x1400	2115	0,846
LM 30.09.15-5-d	9818	3060x900x1500	1750	0,7
LM 31.10.5.15-5-d	9818	3060x1050x1500	2050	0,82
LM 31.10.15-5-d	9818	3060x1000x1500	1945	0,778
LM 31.11.5.15-5-d	9818	3060x1150x1500	2225	0,89
LM 31.11-15-5-d	9818	3060x1100x1500	2150	0,86
LM 31.12.5.15-5-d	9818	3060x1250x1500	2430	0,972
LM 31.12.15-5-d	9818	3060x1200x1500	2325	0,93
LM 31.13.5.15-5-d	9818	3060x1350x1500	2575	1,03
LM 31.13.15-5-d	9818	3060x1300x1500	2530	1,012
LM 34.10.5.17-5-d	9818	3360x1050x1650	2235	0,894
LM 34.11.5.17-5-d	9818	3360x1150x1650	2445	0,978
LM 34.12.17-5-d	9818	3360x1200x1650	2550	1,02
LM 34.13.5.17-5-d	9818	3360x1350x1650	2825	1,13
LM 37.09.18-5-d	9818	3660x900x1800	2085	0,834
LM 37.10.5.18-5-d	9818	3660x1050x1800	2425	0,97
LM 37.10.18-5-d	9818	3660x1000x1800	2320	0,928
LM 31.11.5.18-5-d	9818	3660x1150x1800	2655	1,062
LM 37.11.18-5-d	9818	3660x1100x1800	2550	1,02
LM 37.12.5.18-5-d	9818	3660x1250x1800	2900	1,16
LM 37.12.18-5-d	9818	3660x1200x1800	2775	1,11
LM 37.13.5.18-5-d	9818	3660x1350x1800	3125	1,25
LM 37.13.18-5-d	9818	3660x1300x1800	3015	1,206
LM 19.09.09.-5-d	9818	1860x900x900	1080	0?432
LM 10/19/09-5-d	9818	1860x1000x900	1200	0,48
LM 19.10.5.09-5-d	9818	1860x1050x900	1260	0,506
LM 11/19/09-5-d	9818	1860x11100x900	1320	0?528
LM 19.11.5.09-5-d	9818	1860x1150x900	1380	0,552

Flights of stairs (LM)

Marking of staircases	Compliance (GOST)	Dimensions in mm	Weight in kg	Volume in m3
LMP 43.11.15-4-1	GOST 9818-85	44250x1050x1500	2500	1,0
LMP43.11.15-4-2	GOST 9818	4250x1050x1500	2475	0,99
LMP 57.11.15-5r	GOST 9818	5650x1050x1500	2330	0,032
LMP57-11-14-5	Series 1.050.1.2.v.1.2	5650x1150x1400	2200	0,9
LMP 60-11-17-5	II-04-7	5980x1150x150	2600	1,04
LMP 60-11-17-5-3	II-04-7	4790x1150x150	2,1	0,84
LMP 62-11-15	GOST 9818	6200x1150x240	2450	0,98

Flights of stairs with a platform (LMP)

Marking of staircases	Compliance (GOST)	Dimensions in mm	Weight in kg	Volume in m3
2LMF 39-12-17-5	1.251.1-4	3913x1200x295	1290	0,52
2LMF 39-14-17-5	1.251.1-4	3913x1350x1650	1420	0,568
2LMF 3914-17-5y	1.251.1-4	3913x1350x1650	1243	0,5
2LMF 42-14-18-5	1.251.1-4	4249x1800x1200	1530	0,612

Flights of stairs with frieze steps (LMF)

Some explanations on the markings: 27 - length; 11- width; 14 - vertical height; 4 – design load.

Site marking	Platform dimensions in mm			Weight in tons
	L (width)	B (Length)	H (height)
1LP 30-15-4	2980	1500	320	1,4
1LP 30-15V-4	3040	1600	320	2,4
1LP 30-18-4	2980	1800	320	2,9
2LP 22-12-4	2200	1300	320	1,035
2LP 22-12-4K	2200	1300	220	1,035
2LP 22-15	2200	1600	220	1,2
2LP 22-15-4	2200	1600	320	1,2
2LP 22-15-4K	2200	1600	320	1,2
2LP 22-18	2480	1900	320	1,37
2LP 22-18-4	2480	1900	320	1,37
2LP 22-18-4K	2200	1900	320	1,37
2LP 25-12	2500	1300	320	1,16
2LP 25-12-4	2500	1300	320	1,16
2LP 25-12-4K	2500	1300	320	1,16
2LP 25-12V-4K	2780	1300	320	1,16
2LP 25-15-4	2480	1600	320	1,345
2LP 25-15-4K	2480	1600	320	1,345
2LP 25-15V-4K	2500	1600	320	1,37
2LP 25-18-4	2500	1900	320	1,463
2LP 25-18-4ML	2500	1900	320	1,395
2LP 25-18-4MLV	2500	1900	320	1,47
2LP 25-18-4K	2500	1800	280	1,533
LP 1-26-18	2680	1860	160	1,942
LP 15-14	1385	1490	300	0,585
LP 1P	2820	1370	320	1,14
LP 1P1	2820	1370	320	1,14
LP 22-16	2680	1860	160	1,865
LP 22-15	2480	1600	320	1,15
LP 22-16-1	2440	1440	300	0,397
LP 24-14	2600	1150	250	0,775
LP 25-15-4K	2500	1600	–	–
LP 28-13	3040	1060	350	0,87
LP 28-15	3040	1260	350	0,98
LP 28-17	3000	1540	250	1,1
LP 30-13	3020	1330	200	1,148
LP 30-18	3020	1830	320	1,875
LP 30-18-1	3020	1830	320	1,875
LP 32-18	3180	1780	320	4,527
BOB 14-12V	1440	1200	240	0,5
BOB 14-13V	1440	1325	240	0,6
BOB 14-15V	1440	1475	240	0,6
BOB 15-1	–	–	–	0,413
BOB 15-15V	1540	1490	240	0,75
BOB 15-6	–	–	–	0,25
BOB 16-15V	1610	1490	240	0,775
LPF 25-10-5	2500	990	350	0,9
LPF 25-11-5	2500	1140	350	0,98
LPF 25-13-5	2500	1290	350	1,075
LPF 28-11-5	2800	1140	350	1,1
LPF 28-13-5	3080	1290	350	1,195
LPF 31-13-5	3100	1290	350	1,315
LPR 22-15K	2480	1600	320	1,2
LPR 22-18K	2480	1900	320	1,4
LPR 25-12	2780	1300	320	1,13
LPR 25-18	2500	1900	320	1,73
LPR 25-18 MLA	2500	1900	320	1,395
LPR 25-18 MLB	2500	1900	320	1,4
LPR 25-18 MLS	2500	1900	320	1,4

Stair landings

Some explanations on the markings: LP and LPS – staircase landings; 1LP – for LM type marches; 2LP – ribbed platform for LM; LPF – ribbed platform for LMF; LPP – ribbed platform and p./platform for LMP; LPR – ribbed platform; K – console for support.

Width Features

• In addition to slope and length, flights of stairs and landings vary in width what has great importance not only for ease of movement, but also for the safety of people in emergency situations at the time of urgent evacuation. In the image above you see three conditional parameters, where the minimum is considered in the size of 60-80 cm and is recommended only for rooms with little traffic; standard – from 90 to 120 cm – recommended for everyday use; comfortable – from 125 to 150 cm – for luxury residential buildings and public spaces.
• When designing houses, developers usually use standard width flights of stairs, which you are probably convinced of every day when you enter the entrances of different residential buildings and most office and industrial buildings.
  But such flights of stairs and landings are sometimes difficult to fit into a project own home– we are not talking about the material, but about the parameters. That's why private sector it is better known for narrow stairs up to 60 cm, and sometimes you can even find flights 50 cm wide, which is extremely unsafe in emergency situations.

• In any case, the arrangement of flights of stairs and landings must be the same in width, that is, the span can in no way be wider than the landing, and the same rule applies when designing flights of stairs with half-landings. The height of the platform can be higher by only one step, no more, and the same level of difference is acceptable for two-level platforms. In cases where the staircase has no turns, the length of the transition plane should be at least 60-64 cm (the average human step).

• In most cases, when flights of stairs with landings are designed in a private house, the problem is that you have to make a U-shaped staircase (with a 180⁰ turn). This means that when arranging the structure, you need to accommodate two widths plus the gap between them, which will be at least 5-10 cm - all this requires a certain amount of space in the room.
  Therefore, in such situations, they often compromise on convenience and safety by making narrower spans to save space in the room.

Calculations for a private house

• When installing landings and flights of stairs with your own hands, you must make calculations on the slope and number of steps. So, optimal slope, as a rule, is 30⁰-35⁰, but if there is a shortage of free space in the house, it is made much steeper.

Warning. A steep slope, which is considered an angle of 40⁰-45⁰, is quite acceptable for residential premises, but only physically strong people with good health People.
For the average person, not to mention children and the elderly, the instructions advise installing flatter stairs.

• Let's imagine that the height of the first floor is 3m and we need to calculate the flight of stairs with the landing. Then we take into account the thickness of the floor on the second floor and, let’s say, it will be 0.2 m, then the total height will be 3.2 m, and at this interval we will install 2 flights, each 1.6 m high (the platform will be in the middle). For such dimensions, it will be convenient for us to make steps 16 cm high - 10 pieces for each flight.
• Now we select the required width of the tread and for this we will start from the value of the average human step that we already know, using the formula 2h step + d tread ≈60≈64 cm, then d tread will be from 28 to 32 cm, but we will stop at 30. This means that the segment AC will be 30*10=3.0 m.
• Now we need to find out the length of the stringer or segment AB, and for this we use the formula d 2 +e 2 =x 2 =1.6 2 +3 2 =2.56+9=11.56. But now we extract √11.56 = 3.4 m, that is, this will be the length of the stringer or string of the stairs. When calculating the area that the stairs will occupy, do not forget to add the length of the landing, for example, (3.0+0.6)*(0.9+0.9+0.1)=6.84m2.

• During construction, the fencing of staircases and landings is subject to GOST 25772-83 (clauses 1.2, 1.3), which provides for a railing height of at least 0.9 m including handrails. For wooden structures balusters should be installed one at a time on each step, and on the landing, as well as for fencing the second floor, it is better to keep the step the same. In our case it will be 30 cm.

Advice. To calculate the length of the handrails on the flights, you can use the formula we already know d 2 + e 2 = x 2 by drawing a right triangle of the required scale.

Conclusion

When arranging a staircase, its price will depend not only on the amount of materials, but also on the complexity of production. The article discussed a simpler option, with straight platforms, but there are also options with winder rotary steps.

Installation is a long and responsible process. Incorrect calculation or incorrect installation of parts can significantly reduce the reliability and durability of the structure. For this reason, it must be carried out in a certain order, following certain rules.

The installation of the staircase to the second floor takes place in stages: first, some elements are installed, the second ones are added to them, then the third, fourth, etc. Therefore, before installation, you should familiarize yourself with the names of the staircase parts:

• steps - elements along which descent or ascent occurs;
• tread – the horizontal part of the step;
• riser - a vertical part of a step;
• kosour – load-bearing beam, on which the steps are installed from above;
• bowstring – load-bearing element with cutouts for steps;
• railing - a staircase railing that prevents falls;
• baluster - the vertical component of the railing (in other words, a post);
• handrail - horizontal part of the railing;
• area - free space dividing the staircase to the second floor into 2 or more parts;
• support beam (so-called zero step) - a beam or crossbar against which the load-bearing elements rest;
• stand – the main load-bearing element of a screw structure.

Preparing for work

Installing stairs to the second floor is a long and expensive process. To make it as easy as possible, you need to be properly prepared. For more convenience, preparatory work can be divided into 3 stages:

1. design (drawing creation);
2. selection of necessary materials;
3. preparation of tools.

Installation of a spiral staircase: a brief description

Since the shape of the screw structure differs from the marching varieties, the installation principle here is different. It is recommended to install such a staircase to the next floor in the following order:

1. a drawing is drawn up;
2. Based on the calculations, structural elements are manufactured;
3. in the selected location, the lower support unit is installed and secured to the floor;
4. a vertical stand is inserted into the unit;
5. the steps in the tripod are pinched (or placed on it);
6. a platform is installed at the floor level of the second floor and a support rod is secured;
7. Balusters are inserted into the holes on the steps, onto which the railings are placed.

Installation of a finished spiral staircase

Requires a careful approach and attentiveness from the master. Incorrect calculation or poor quality fixation of elements can negatively affect the strength and durability of the structure. For this reason, the assembly of the staircase structure must be carried out with special care.

Staircases and landings installed as the walls of the building are erected. The intermediate platform and the first march are installed along the course of the masonry interior walls the staircase, the second (floor) landing and the second flight - upon completion of the floor laying.

Before installation of staircases and flights begins, their dimensions are checked. Then the installation sites are marked, a layer of mortar is applied to the support area and the landing is installed. Immediately after the site has been reconciled, the next march is installed. This allows you to adjust the relative position of the march and the platform before the mortar sets.

Rice. 117. Verification of the position of landings:
1 - floor slabs, 2 - intermediate platform, 3 - template, 4 - floor platform

Methods for installing landings do not differ from methods for laying floor panels. The position of the landing is verified vertically and horizontally. If the level of the top of the site turns out to be higher than the design level, then accordingly it will be necessary to raise the level of the floor covering, and this will require additional costs labor and materials. To verify the position of landings (Fig. 117) in plan, use template 3, which copies the profile of the supporting part of the flight.

Rice. 118. Flight of stairs, slinged with a two-legged sling using a fork

The flight of stairs is fed by a crane using a fork and a two- or four-branch sling with two shortened branches (Fig. 118), which, when lifted, give the flight a slope slightly greater than the design one. When installing a flight of stairs, it is first supported on the lower platform, and then on the upper one. If you do the opposite, the march may fall off the upper platform. With such a landing, the march may also become wedged between the upper and lower platforms.

Before installing the flight, installers make a bed of mortar on the supporting places of the landings, spreading it and leveling it with trowels.

Rice. 119. Sequence of installation of a flight of stairs:
a - slinging with a fork, b - lifting, c - acceptance and lowering, d - installation in the design position

When installing flights, one installer is on the lower platform, the other is on the overlying ceiling or on the scaffolding next to the staircase, the first accepts the flight and directs it to staircase, moving simultaneously to the upper platform. At a height of 300...400 mm from the landing site of the flight, both installers press it against the wall, give the crane driver a signal and install first the lower end of the flight, then the upper one. Installation inaccuracies are corrected with crowbars, after which the sling is unhooked and the joints between the march and the platforms are sealed. cement mortar and install inventory barriers. The sequence of operations is shown in Fig. 119, a...g.

Permissible deviations from the design position of prefabricated flights of stairs and landings

• Deviation of the level of the top of the landing from the design - 5 mm
• Deviation of platforms from horizontal - 5 mm
• The difference in elevations of the upper surface of adjacent steps is 3 mm
• Deviation from the horizontal of the treads of a flight of stairs - 5 mm

Not only apartment buildings, but private buildings often have more than one floor in height. To move between levels, it is necessary to install flights of stairs and landings. This article gives basic ideas about structural elements stairs, their characteristics and GOST standards.

Elements of staircase design

When choosing a transitional structure between floors, the average person most often gives priority to the beauty and aesthetics of the staircase elements, but we should not forget that the design of the staircase must first of all meet the utilitarian requirements regulated by GOST, among which safety is paramount.

Staircase design elements

Below are definitions of the main stair elements:

• March-type span (march) - the number of steps between the platforms.
• The turning area is the horizontal zone between the main flights.
• Stringers are special bases for supporting steps.
• Risers - vertical elements steps covering the space underneath.
• A bowstring is a solid wooden or metal beam that connects all steps of a flight.
• Balusters are the supports on which the railings of the fence are attached.

Materials for stairs

Depending on what materials the staircase is made of, both the price of the product and its characteristics depend.
For marches and flights the following is used:

• wood is the most common material from which it is easy to make your own stringers, steps and fences;
• metal – has the greatest strength;
• stone is durable and reliable in use;
• glass - a modern original solution;
• concrete and reinforced concrete are the “classics” of modern construction.

Main characteristics of marches and platforms

According to GOST, the slope of the march is 1:2 - 1:1.75 ratio of height to length of step, for auxiliary steps - no steeper than 1:1.25. The steps in the march are made identical, comfortable for walking, their number is no less than three and no more than 18. The most common are marches with 10 - 13 steps - this number is considered the most convenient when ascending or descending.

The width of the steps should ensure the placement of a full foot (at least 250 mm), the height should be in the range of 130-200 mm. The fencing of platforms and flights is made with a height of 0.9 m. The width of the flights according to GOST is at least 800-1000 mm, and the width of the platform is not less than the same size chosen for the flight.

Preparation for installation

Depending on the material, the work performed to construct the stairs differs. They can be divided into two stages: preparation of elements and installation.

The installation of staircases and landings by specialists begins with drawing up a project, where they visualize the nuances of operations, the arrangement of structural parts and compliance with GOST.

Based on technical documentation, elements are purchased or manufactured required sizes: stringers, steps, platforms and fences. The place of their fastening is marked and, if necessary, enlarged assembly is carried out. At this stage, it is important to comply with GOST requirements for the size and configuration of stairs.

Installation of main elements

The fastening of the staircase elements also depends on the type of material, which determines what characteristics the stringers and other components should have. One thing remains unchanged - installation must ensure rigid fixation of flights of stairs and landings to load-bearing walls. This is the price of security.

Installation of fences

Fencing of flights and platforms is one of the important components of the stairs. Its primary task is to ensure safety (protect against a possible fall) and ease of movement (serve as a support when ascending or descending).

Essential elements:

1. balusters – vertical or horizontal supports fencing;
2. handrails;
3. infill is a fencing element that performs both a decorative function (due to artistic design) and a protective function (limiting the space between the balusters).

Requirements to stair railings are regulated by GOST standards, according to which their height for internal stairs is at least 90 centimeters. Fences must be free of sharp corners and protrusions and have a fire-resistant treatment.

Special requirements apply to stairs in institutions where children are located (schools or kindergartens). Here, the design according to GOST must be such as to protect children: it is mandatory to install additional handrails 50 centimeters high. The maximum gap between balusters is 10 cm. If there are children in a private house, it is worth complying with these GOST requirements when constructing a staircase railing.

Exist various methods fastening fencing balusters to flights and platforms: welding, concreting, fixing with screws - for each material there is its own, most correct, solution. The main condition: the design of the stairs must be safe.

The collected information outlines the main milestones of “staircase construction”. Those who wish to study “narrow” issues in more detail are invited to find answers on our Internet resource or leave a comment with wishes for the disclosure of a topic of interest. For example, more details about the requirements have already been written in the corresponding article.

Installation of staircases is difficult process, which determines how safe your movement between floors will be. In addition, it is important to take into account the aesthetic component. Let's look at how to do this job correctly.

Design Features

March- this is the number of steps of a staircase between two floors or landings. If you decide to make a staircase in your house with your own hands, be sure to familiarize yourself with the design of staircases and landings various types. In order for the design to be safe and aesthetically pleasing, it is necessary to comply with a whole list requirements. Most often, stairs are made of concrete, wood and metal. For reinforced concrete, it is imperative to prepare formwork for staircases.

Double flight staircase design

The peculiarity of complex two-flight products is that the steps of the flight of stairs are supported on the landing. Its presence is mandatory for structures longer than 16 steps, but not less than three. It is important to maintain the center line. The distance from it to the edge of the stairs cannot be less than 30 cm.

Preparation

Before you begin installing flights of stairs with your own hands, you need to prepare the space for the work. First of all, you need to prepare support structures. This applies to the floors of the floors and platforms separating the marches. Device complex staircase structures assumes the presence of such gaps to distribute the load.

If you are planning to make a concrete structure, you will need to prepare formwork for the staircases. In addition to it, you will need a support beam for fixing the elements and clamping parts.

Concrete structures

The most reliable, but most difficult to implement, is perhaps the concrete structure. Its production requires a lot of time and materials.

Concrete stairs are most often poured on site

There are two options: do all the work on site or install an already cast flight of stairs on a prepared platform.

Since a concrete flight of stairs is generally made by hand directly at its final location, it is necessary to prepare a site for its installation. First of all, the frame is erected, best option– moisture-resistant plywood; high-quality metal reinforcement is used to strengthen the structure. Since the pressure is on top part, the load is distributed in such a way that the greatest support falls on the bottom of the steps, therefore Special attention should be given to this particular area.

The formwork for a flight of stairs must be well reinforced

When the structure of the “skeleton” of the future product is ready, you can install the formwork for the flight of stairs, thanks to which the solution will not leak outside the frame. Concrete is poured from the bottom up. It should be mixed and vibrated to remove voids in the structure of the mixture. If you are installing an already cast march, the edges of the platforms are prepared for it. Adhesion is achieved using a cement pad. After the solution has hardened, you need to level the surface and eliminate distortions and defects. After this, painting or other finishing can be done.

When installing ready-made monolithic flights of stairs, you cannot do without special equipment

Tree

More simple and affordable option For most, it is the installation of wooden staircases. In this case, more installation options are available. First you need to define the final project. Depending on the available space and configuration, you can make a single-flight staircase with winder steps or complex with the installation of platforms. Manufacturing begins with installation supporting elements, in most cases these are stringers.

Wooden flight of stairs

How to make a flight of stairs from wood with your own hands:

1. Cut stringers from wood according to the dimensions of the project. They can be serrated or straight. In the latter case, use additional elements- fillies.
2. Place additional supports if necessary.
3. Fasten the prepared parts.
4. Place the steps on the jagged stringers. They can be fixed with dowels, screws or glue.
5. Install risers. Ideally, the step should hang over them by about 2-3 cm.

Structural elements of a wooden flight of stairs

If desired, you can use several materials in the design, for example, a metal frame or decorative elements. After installing the fences, the product is painted.

Metal

Metal stairs are very strong and durable if you follow the regulations and standards when working with this material. The process of making metal staircases with your own hands takes more time compared to wooden ones, but this material allows you to build a stable structure of almost any configuration. It is from metal that they are most often built spiral staircases in private homes. As for marching ones, their design can differ radically in each specific case; this largely depends on the type of frame: it can be stepped or straight, double or single.

Metal staircases in most cases have a welded structure

Do-it-yourself installation of metal staircases and flights is mainly done using welding machine. To begin with, set up the elements that provide support for the entire structure: support pillars. After this, platforms are attached for installing steps and platforms. In most cases, their manufacture requires that the steps themselves be made of wood. The platform can be made flat or in the form of a frame made of corners. The steps are fastened with screws, and risers do not need to be made at all. After this, the metal must be painted to prevent corrosion. Wooden fragments are also painted.

Decorative processing

After everything installation work will be completed should be taken care of decorative finishing flight of stairs. The following options are possible here:

• coloring;
• sheathing;
• laying tiles;
• plaster.

Interesting decorative design staircases - granite cladding

Painting of parts can be done before installation, if not provided dirty job. This is especially true for modular structures.

The finishing of the walls of staircases is most often done using plaster. Additionally can be used decorative panels. The same goes for reverse side concrete structures. The steps of the latter can be covered with tiles, wood or laminate. Painting is a suitable method for all options. Anyone can do this with their own hands. Wooden and hardware must be treated to protect it from destruction. Finished flights of stairs are painted using enamels, pigment impregnations, alkyd, acrylic, oil paints, varnishes, etc.

If you install the stairs yourself, take care of the safety of the spans and platforms in advance. To do this, you need to secure fences and handrails. If you follow all the rules, you will end up with a reliable and beautiful product.