In order to better understand for ourselves the rules for punctuation in participial turnover, let us explain some general points. About them - in this article.
What is participial turnover
Participle turnover is a syntactic construction that consists of a participle and words dependent on it. In the text, it serves as a definition for an object (phenomenon) expressed by a noun (pronoun), adjacent to it. Thus, the participial turnover should be considered in conjunction with the word being defined. This is important both for correct spelling and for the correct placement of punctuation marks in participial turnover.
Let's give an example of a sentence with participial turnover: "The tale read last was especially interesting."
In this example, the word being defined is the noun "fairy tale"; participial turnover - "read last."
We ask the question: "fairy tale" - what? - "last read".
Common and non-common
Syntactically, participial turnover can be considered as a definition that answers the questions “what?”, “what?”, “what?”. Like the definition, it may or may not be common in terms of the number of members. The simplest (non-common) participial phrase in a sentence is a phrase. It consists, as we have seen, of a participle and a dependent word (usually one or two).
A common participle turnover may include two or more participles and, accordingly, more than two dependent words. Compare two examples:
"Kira looked around the room, somehow tidied up, and unexpectedly smiled."
“Kira looked around the room, somehow tidied up and still keeping traces of desolation, and unexpectedly smiled.”
In the second example, there are two participial phrases (homogeneous definitions) connected by the union "and". So no comma is needed between them. In the absence of this union, a comma is placed:
"Kira looked around the room, somehow tidied up, still keeping traces of desolation, and unexpectedly smiled."
A participial turnover may consist of one participle and several homogeneous dependent words with appropriate punctuation marks. An example of such a proposal:
“Kira looked around the room, tidied up somehow, hastily, clumsily, and unexpectedly smiled.”
In a sentence
It may seem that punctuation in participial turnover (Grade 7) is not an easy task. However, there are simple rules, the observance of which will help you never make a mistake.
So, the participial turnover, standing in preposition to the word being defined (that is, before it), is not separated by a comma. Example:
"A baby sleeping in a crib suddenly woke up and started crying."
Here the participial phrase "sleeping in the crib" is in front of the word being defined (the noun "child") and the comma is not separated.
The participial phrase placed after the word being defined must be isolated. Compare with the example above:
"A baby sleeping in a crib suddenly woke up and started crying."
Please note that this simple rule applies when punctuating sentences with common and non-common participial phrases.
If there are two participial phrases in the sentence, then they are drawn up according to the general rule:
"A winding path among the forest thickets led me to a clearing generously strewn with ripening strawberries."
Difficulties of isolation
If you are writing a text, you should listen to the following rules for separating and using participial phrases.
1. The participial turnover can function as a circumstance if it comes after the verb in the sentence. In this case no commas are used:
“We came back soaking wet in the rain.”
2. The turnover is not isolated even if the pronoun to which it adjoins is in the accusative case:
"We found him sleeping in the corner under a blanket."
Difficulties in use
1. The participial turnover should not contain the word being defined. Sentences constructed in this way are considered incorrect. Example:
"I peered into the creeping fog along the bottom of the ravine."
Well-formed sentences should look like this:
"I peered into the fog creeping along the bottom of the ravine."
"I peered into the fog creeping along the bottom of the ravine."
2. The participle cannot have either the forms of the future tense or the subjunctive mood. By “inventing” such words, it is easy to violate the norms of the Russian language. For example:
"Each of the girls would like to meet her chosen one, who will certainly come to her one day."
It would be correct to rephrase this sentence as follows:
“Which of the girls does not dream of meeting her chosen one, who will certainly come to her one day?”.
3. Please note that a common participial turnover, especially before the word being defined, can significantly complicate the perception of the sentence, make it heavy. Example:
“Over the forest, the moon was completely invisible to me under the dense crown of trees.”
It is better to put it in postposition, not forgetting about punctuation marks in participial turnover:
“The moon shone over the forest, completely invisible to me under the dense canopy of trees.”
By following these simple rules, you will never make a mistake when using and punctuating in sentences with participles.
In the lesson, you will gain knowledge about the participle turnover, its place in relation to the word being defined, the rules for separating it with commas. We will help you develop the ability to see the word being defined, the participle, and all words dependent on it.
Theme: Communion
Lesson: Participle turnover. Punctuation marks in participial turnover
Participle turnover is a participle with dependent words
For example: telling (about what?) about the sacrament; sitting (at what?) at the table.
The main word in participial turnover is always participle.
Compare:
readingbook
Output: participial phrase is a phrase reading a book, because from the sacrament, you can ask a question: reading (what?) a book.
The participial turnover in a sentence is a definition.
The participial turnover is always one member of the sentence, and the word being defined is not part of the participial turnover.
For example:
Near the window.
If the participial turnover is after the word being defined, then it is distinguished by intonation, and in writing - by commas on both sides.
Compare (see table):
blinded us. -blinded us.
Two participial turnovers standing next to each other are drawn up according to the general rule.
For example : Meadows were visible from the windows , , .
Two homogeneous definitions, expressed in a sentence by participial phrases, behave in the same way as other homogeneous members of the sentence. Accordingly, punctuation marks between such turns are placed according to the rules for punctuation marks with homogeneous members of the sentence.
For example: The sun , And , brightened up this dull and unsightly plain.
Rice. 2. A comma is not put before a single union AND, connecting homogeneous members of a sentence.
The sun , but nevertheless brightened up this dull and unsightly plain.
Rice. 3. Comma before opposing unions A, BUT. ()
You should be very careful when determining the boundaries of the participial turnover, because in the same sentence there may be participial phrases that need to be separated on both sides by commas, and a participial turnover that does not need to be separated by commas.
For example:
Homework
№ 69, 70. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.
Exercise 1. Write with punctuation marks. Indicate participial phrases, make sentence schemes.
1) Golden autumn is coming, bringing rain. 2) The river that went around the bank went into the mountains. 3) The dawn, not covered by a cloud, illuminated the windows. 4) We lower our hands into the water flowing between our fingers. 5) The flowers frozen during the night came to life. 6) The leaves swirling in the air fall to the ground.
Task 2. Write off. Underline the defined words with a straight line and participial phrases with a wavy line. Pay attention to the role of the union And.
The Great, or Pacific, Ocean this time seemed to want to justify its name, which was completely unfairly given to it by the Portuguese sailors, who visited it for the first time and never encountered storms (Stanyuk.). 2) Only the pale-faced, lanky blond who was sitting at the window, resting his big blond head in his palms, did not laugh, and seemed to be immersed in the contemplation of the stars sparkling in the sky (Stanyuk.). 3) There were no words to convey the curves of the bays, the shaded corners, the grottoes lined with black glitter and light underwater grass, the dark transparency of the waves that shook silver bonitos far below the back, and, finally, the moon, visible from below even during the day and looking like a ball of pink steam frozen in the cold of unattainable heights (Paust.).
Russian language in diagrams and tables. Participial. Punctuation marks.
Didactic materials. Section "Communion"
Spelling of participles. Exercises.
The formation of the sacraments.
Literature
1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
2. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.
3. Russian language. Practice. 7th grade. Ed. S.N. Pimenova. 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language. 7th grade. In 3 hours, 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.
In Russian, the participle turnover, which includes the participle and dependent words, is always distinguished by punctuation marks. This article describes in detail the rules for separating participial phrases, as well as exceptions to these rules with examples.
Participial- a syntactic construction, which is a participle with dependent words. In Russian, the use of punctuation marks in participial turnover depends on its position in relation to the word being defined in the sentence:
- If the participial phrase is in front of the word being defined, it not separated by commas.
Examples: Floating across the sky the clouds were mesmerizing with their beauty. We discussed all evening seen in the museum paintings.
- If the participial phrase is after the word being defined, it separated by commas on both sides.
Examples: History, told by the boy everyone liked it very much. People, first in line, bought tickets for the best seats.
Exceptions
In some cases, when using participle turnover, punctuation is required even if the participial phrase is in front of the word being defined:
- If the word being defined is represented by a personal pronoun.
Example: Enraptured by the music he heard He sat in his office for a long time.
- If the participial turnover expresses adverbial meaning.
Example: Tired after a long climb, tourists decided to make a short stop (decided to make a stop (Why? For what reason?) tired after a long climb).
- If there are other members of the sentence between the participial turnover and the word being defined.
Example: Made from blue silk Anya really liked the light dress.
TOP 5 articleswho read along with this
A large convoy of Russian peasants was walking towards them, bringing provisions to Sevastopol, and now walking from there, filled with sick and wounded soldiers in gray overcoats ...
If the answer is 1.3, then most likely Alexander is right - just a typo, it must be bringing and going, because for educational tasks the text is often "combed" under the necessary rules, which is why they write "based on Tolstoy's stories", and not "According to Tolstoy".
How to explain in this sentence the presence of the union AND between participial phrases related to different defined words? Are they homogeneous? Can you tell that there is a grammatical error in the sentence?
According to modern syntax rules - yes, a grammatical error, L. Tolstoy was often accused of slovenly syntax, but he did not succumb to criticism. Tolstoy's syntax is modeled on the syntax of French analysts and uses all available means of complex logical subordination. This combination of the purest colloquial vocabulary with a very complex and logical syntax gives Tolstoy's Russian a special personality. He had his own view of the language of the work: the deliberate imperfection of the form should catch, slow down reading, make you go deeper into the essence of what was said. In the treatise "What is Art" he writes that art should have nothing to do with beauty, the purpose of art is to be a means of conveying feelings from one person to another.
I think this proposal reflects just that. If he "combed" the sentence in accordance with the rules for constructing a sentence with homogeneous participial phrases, then it would turn out that this wagon train brought provisions, and he wants us to understand: simple russian men they carried provisions to the fighting Sevastopol, but from there they also carried wounded soldiers, but in the second part of the sentence it is important to convey that the convoy was filled wounded. Homogeneous members did not fit in any way, so he used something like joining, but in general, everything still looked like sentences with homogeneous members, because it was about the same convoy of Russian peasants. The result was a rough, clumsy phrase, but the meaning was correct - what he wanted to convey.
This is something like how certain forms of subjects agree with predicates. If the total number of counted items is important to us, we put the predicate in units. number: Several bullets screeched over my head, but if these are personalities and each personality is important to us, we put it in the plural: Several strangers in uniform coats were talking about something.
Such freedom was legalized, but we consider Tolstoy's proposals a mistake. Apparently, such "sloppiness" is forgiven a genius, it just needs to be understood, and certainly cannot be used in educational tasks, so such phrases are brought into a normative form. In this case, the developers of the tasks made a mistake, they gave out the real phrase of Tolstoy.
participial phrase2
08.09.2011 22530 1198Memo. PARTICIPIAL.
If the participle is worth after the defined word, is he separates ( separated by commas).
If the participle is worth before the defined word is he does not separate(not separated by commas).
before the defined word personal pronoun
before the defined word meaning of cause or concession (can be substituted because although
3. Participle turnover separates if he detached from the noun being defined: Sun-drenched, wheat fields spread across the river.
4., which has dependent words, commas are not separated(in such sentences no defined word for communion):
5. Participle turnover, pertaining to the predicate, commas not highlighted(it can be placed in the instrumental):
6. do not separate with commas:
Remember!!! An exception constitutes an alliance BUT.
Memo. PARTICIPIAL.
If the participle is worth after the defined word, is he separates ( separated by commas).
If the participle is worth before the defined word is he does not separate(not separated by commas).
Special cases of punctuation in participial turnover.
1. The participial turnover is isolated before the defined word if the word being defined is expressed personal pronoun : Lulled by sweet hopes, I slept soundly.
2. The participial turnover is isolated before the defined word if it has circumstantial meaning of cause or concession (can be substituted because although): Tired of the road, the child fell asleep. (because). Wounded in the shoulder, the captain did not leave the line. (although).
3. Participle turnover separates if he detached from the noun being defined: Sun-drenched, wheat fields spread across the river.
4.Participle in the meaning of a noun, which has dependent words, commas are not separated(in such sentences no defined word for communion): The performers on stage were a great success.
5. Participle turnover, pertaining to the predicate, commas not highlighted(it can be placed in the instrumental): We set off well rested (well rested).
6.Two homogeneous participial revolutions, connected by the union And, from each other do not separate with commas: The sun's rays falling from above and illuminating the pages of the book are gentle in a spring way.
Remember!!! Unions are not included in separate revolutions! An exception constitutes an alliance BUT.
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