Homogeneous members of the proposal (main and secondary), not connected by unions, are separated commas : In the study stood brown velvetarmchairs , bookcabinet (Nab.); After dinner hesat on the balcony,kept kneeling book(Boon.); Cold, emptiness, lifeless spirit meets home(Sol.); bloom aheadcherries, mountain ash, dandelions, wild rose, lilies of the valley … (Sol.); Only silence remainswater, thickets, ancient willows (Paust.); Shcherbatova toldabout my childhood, about the Dnieper, about how dried, old willows came to life in their estate in the spring(Paust.).

If the last member of the series is joined by unions and, yes, or , then no comma is placed before it: He[wind] bringscold, clarity and some emptiness of the whole body(Paust.); Dense, high thickets stretch for kilometerschamomile, chicory, clover, wild dill, cloves, coltsfoot, dandelions, gentian, plantain, bluebells, buttercups, and dozens of other flowering herbs (Paust.).

§26

Homogeneous members of the sentence, connected by repeated unions, if there are more than two ( and... and... and, yes... yes... yes, neither... neither... nor, or... or... or, whether... whether... whether, whether... or... or, either... or... or, that... that... that, not that ... not that ... not that, either ... or ... or ), separated by commas: Was sadAnd in the spring airAnd in the darkened skyAnd in the wagon(Ch.); Did not haveneither stormy words,neither passionate confessions,neither oaths(Paust.); After parting from Lermontov, she[Shcherbatova] couldn't watchneither on the steppeneither on people,neither to associated villages and cities(Paust.); You could see her every daythen with a can,then with a bag andthen and with a bag and a can together -or in the oil refineryor on the market,or in front of the gates of the house,or on the stairs(Bulg.).

With no union And before the first of the listed members of the proposal, the rule is observed: if there are more than two homogeneous members of the proposal and the union And repeated at least twice a comma is placed between all homogeneous members (including before the first And ): They brought a bouquet of thistles and put them on the table, and here in front of mefire, and turmoil, and crimson dance lights (Ill.); And today the rhyme of the poet -caress, and a slogan, and a bayonet, and a whip (M.).

With a double repetition of the union And (if the number of homogeneous members is two) a comma is placed in the presence of a generalizing word with homogeneous members of the sentence: Everything reminiscent of autumnand yellow leaves and mists in the morning ; the same without a generalizing word, but in the presence of dependent words with homogeneous terms: Now it was possible to hear separatelyand the sound of rain, and the sound of water (Bulg.). However, in the absence of these conditions with homogeneous members of the sentence forming a close semantic unity, the comma may not be placed: It was all aroundand light and green (T.); Day and night cat scientist all walks around the chain(P.).

With a double repetition of other unions, except And , comma is always included : Prick my eyes incessantly with gypsy lifeeither stupid or ruthless (A. Ostr.); He was ready to believe that he came here at the wrong time -or too late,or early(rasp.); ladynot that barefoot,not that in some transparent ... shoes(Bulg.); All day goes byor snow,or rain with snow. They are[lamps] only highlightedthen cave walls,then most beautiful stalagmite(Sol.); Earlywhether , latewhether but I will come .

Note 1. A comma is not put in whole phraseological combinations with repeating unions and... and, neither... nor(they connect words with opposite meanings): and day and night, and old and young, and laughter and grief, and here and there, and this and that, and here and there, neither two nor one and a half, neither give nor take, neither matchmaker nor brother, neither back nor forth, neither the bottom nor the tire, neither this nor that, nor become nor sit down, neither alive nor dead, neither yes nor no, neither hearing nor spirit, nor myself nor people, neither fish nor meat, neither this nor that, nor peahen nor crow, neither shaky nor roll, neither that nor that etc. The same with paired combinations of words, when the third is not given: and husband and wife, and earth and sky . Note 2. Unions whether ... or are not always repetitive. Yes, in the proposal And you can’t understand if Matvey Karev is laughing at his own words or at the way students look into his mouth(Fed.) Union whether introduces an explanatory clause, and the conjunction or connects like members. Wed unions whether ... or as recurring: Goeswhether rain,or the sun shines - he doesn't care; Seeswhether he is,or does not see(G.).

§27

Homogeneous members of a sentence connected by single connecting or separating unions ( and yes in meaning " And »; or, or ) not separated by a comma : Motor shipgot up across the riverand gave flow turn it down, along the way(rasp.); Day and night - a day away(ate); Will support he Uzdechkinaor not support ? (Pan.).

If there is an opposing union between homogeneous members ( ah but yes in meaning " but », however, although, however, nevertheless ) and connecting ( and also, and also ) a comma is placed : The secretary stopped taking notes and surreptitiously threw a surprised look,but not on the arrested, but on the procurator (Bulg.); The child washarsh but cute (P.); A capable studentalthough lazy ; He went to the library on Fridayshowever not always ; Mokeevna had already brought a wicker basket out of the house,however stopped decided to look for apples(Shcherb.); The apartment is smallbut cozy (gas.); She knows Germanas well as French .

§28

When connecting homogeneous members of a sentence in pairs, a comma is placed between the pairs (conjunction And valid only within groups): Alleys planted withlilacs and lindens, elms and poplars , led to the wooden stage(Fed.); The songs were different.about joy and sorrow, the past day and the day to come (Geych.); Books on geography and tourist guides, friends and casual acquaintances told us that Ropotamo is one of the most beautiful and wild corners of Bulgaria(Sol.).

Note. In sentences with homogeneous members, it is possible to use the same unions on different grounds (between different members of the sentence or their groups). In this case, when arranging punctuation marks, different positions of unions are taken into account. For example: ... Everywhere she was greeted cheerfullyAnd friendlyAnd assured her that she was good, sweet, rare(Ch.) - in this sentence, unions And not repeating, but single, connecting pairs of two homogeneous members of the sentence ( fun and friendly; met and assured). In the example: No one else broke the silence of the channelsAnd rivers, did not cut off the lure of cold river liliesAnd did not admire aloud what is best to admire without words(Paust.) - the first And connects word dependent silence word forms streams and rivers, the second and closes the series of predicates (didn’t break, didn’t break off and didn’t admire).

Homogeneous members of the proposal, combined in pairs, may be included in other, larger groups, which in turn have unions. Commas in such groups are placed taking into account the whole complex unity as a whole, for example, the contrasting relations between groups of homogeneous members of the sentence are taken into account: Father Christopher, holding a wide-brimmed top hat, to someonebowed and smiled not softly and touchingly , as always,but respectfully and tensely (Ch.). Different levels of connecting relationships are also taken into account. For example: In them[shops] you will find both calico for shrouds and tar, and lollipops and borax for the extermination of cockroaches(M. G.) - here, on the one hand, word forms are combined calico and tar, lollipops and borax, and on the other hand, these groups, already on the rights of single members, are connected by a repeating union And . Wed option without pairwise union (with separate registration of homogeneous members): ... You will find calico for shrouds, and tar, and candy, and borax for the extermination of cockroaches .

§29

With homogeneous members of the sentence, in addition to single or repeating unions, double (comparative) unions can be used, which are divided into two parts, each located at each member of the sentence: like… so and, not only… but also, not so much… how much, how much… as much, although… but, if not… then, not that… but, not that… ah, not only not… but rather… how etc. A comma is always placed before the second part of such unions: I have an assignmenthow from the judgeSo equalsAnd from all our friends(G.); Green was Not only great landscape painter and storyteller,but It was stillAnd very subtle psychologist(Paust.); They say that in summer Sozopol is flooded with holiday-makers, that isNot really holidaymakers,but vacationers who came to spend their holidays by the Black Sea(Sol.); Mothernot that angrybut was still dissatisfied(Kav.); There are fogs in Londonif not everyday,then in a day for sure(Gonch.); He wasnot so much upset,How many surprised by the situation(gas.); He wasquicker annoyed,how saddened(journal).

§thirty

Between homogeneous members of the proposal (or their groups) can be placed semicolon .

1. If they include introductory words: It turns out that there are subtleties. There must be a fireFirstly , smokeless;Secondly , not very hot;and thirdly , in complete silence(Sol.).

2. If homogeneous members are common (have dependent words or relative clauses of sentences): He was respectedbehind his excellent, aristocraticmanners , for rumors about his victories;for that that he dressed well and always stayed in the best room of the best hotel;for that that he dined well in general, and once even dined with Wellington at Louis Philippe's;for that that he carried a real silver dressing-case and a camping bath with him everywhere;for that that he smelled of some unusual, surprisingly "noble" perfume;for that that he was a master at whist and always lost...(T.)

§31

Between homogeneous members of the proposal is placed dash: a) when skipping an opposing union: Knowledge of the laws by people is not desirable - it is mandatory(gas.); A tragic voice, no longer flying, not sonorous - deep, chesty, "Mkhatov"(gas.); b) in the presence of a union to denote a sharp and unexpected transition from one action or state to another: Then Alexei clenched his teeth, screwed up his eyes, pulled the fur coat with all his strength with both hands - and immediately lost consciousness.(B.P.); ... I always wanted to live in the city - and now I end my life in the countryside(Ch.).

§32

Homogeneous members of the proposal and their various combinations when dismembering the proposal (parceling) are separated dots(see § 9): And then there were long hot months, the wind from the low mountains near Stavropol, smelling of immortals, the silver crown of the Caucasus Mountains, fights with Chechens near the forest blockages, the screech of bullets.Pyatigorsk , strangers with whom it was necessary to behave like with friends.And again fleeting Petersburg and the Caucasus , the yellow peaks of Dagestan and the same beloved and saving Pyatigorsk.short rest , broad ideas and verses, light and soaring up to the sky, like clouds over the tops of mountains.And duel (Paust.).

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members of a sentence with generalizing words

§33

If the generalizing word precedes a series of homogeneous members, then the generalizing word is followed by colon : There is an ice fishermandifferent : a retired fisherman, a fisherman - a worker and an employee, a military fisherman, a minister fisherman, so to speak, a statesman, an intelligent fisherman(Sol.); In this story you will find almosteverything I mentioned above : dry oak leaves, a gray-haired astronomer, the roar of cannonade, Cervantes, people who unshakably believe in the victory of humanism, a mountain sheepdog, night flight and much more(Paust.).

With generalizing words, there can be clarifying words. as for example, for example, as that, namely preceded by a comma and followed by a colon. Words like for example, like that are used to explain the preceding words, the words namely – to indicate the exhaustive nature of the enumeration that follows: Many businesses and services operate around the clock,such as : communications, ambulance, hospitals; Introductory words can express an emotional assessment of what is being reported,for example : fortunately, to surprise, to joy, etc.(from the textbook); Katya ... explored the barn, finding there, in addition to the balloon and tiles, a lot of useful things,somehow : two low green benches, a garden table, a hammock, shovels, a rake(Step.); Everyone came to the meetingnamely : teachers, students and staff of the institute. After clarifying words such as (with a comparative connotation of meaning) no colon: Flowers are the first to bloom after winter.such as crocuses, tulips(gas.).

§34

The generalizing word after homogeneous members is separated from them by the sign dash : Handrails, compasses, binoculars, all sorts of devices and even high thresholds of cabins -all this it was copper(Paust.); And these trips, and our conversations with her -all it was imbued with aching, hopeless longing(Beck.).

If there is an introductory word before the generalizing word, separated from homogeneous members by means of a dash, then the comma before the introductory word is omitted: In the lobby, in the corridor, in the offices -word , people crowded everywhere(Pop)

§35

Dash is placed after the enumeration of homogeneous members, if the enumeration of the sentence does not end: Everywhere : in the club, on the streets, on the benches at the gates, in the houses - there were noisy conversations(Garsh.).

In the presence of two generalizing words - before homogeneous members and after them - both of the indicated punctuation marks are put: a colon (before the enumeration) and a dash (after it): Everything : a carriage that quickly drove down the street, a reminder of an insult, a girl's question about a dress that needs to be prepared; even worse, the word of insincere, weak participation -all painfully irritated the wound, seemed an insult(L. T.). The same with a common generalizing word: In a few minutes he could drawanything : human figure, animals, trees, buildings -all came out characteristically and lively(Beck.).

§36

Homogeneous members of a sentence that are in the middle of a sentence and have the meaning of a passing remark are highlighted dash from two sides: Anything that could muffle the sounds -carpets, curtains and upholstered furniture - Grieg removed from the house a long time ago(Paust.); Everyone -and the Motherland, and both Lychkovs, and Volodka - I remember white horses, little ponies, fireworks, a boat with lanterns(Ch.).

Note. The usage used in modern printing practice for all positions of generalizing words is acceptable dash, including - before the enumeration (in place of the traditional colon): Mass production is organized in the new workshopproducts for mechanical engineering – bushings, glasses, toothed meshes(gas.); good kayakersthere were only three - Igor, Shulyaev, Kolya Koryakin and, of course, Andrei Mikhailovich himself(Tendr.); loveall - and dew, and fog, and ducks, all other birds and animals(Tendr.); If itsomething distinguished from others - talent, intelligence, beauty ... But Duke really didn’t have anything like that(Current.); Everything, everything I heard - and the singing of the herbs of the evening, and the speech of the water, and the dead cry of the stone(Ill.); Everything then his mind worried - and meadows, and fields, and forests, and groves, in "the chapel of an old storm, the noise, the old woman's wonderful legend"(Geych.); He posted it on the wallyour precious collection - knives, sabers, saber, dagger(Shcherb.). Wed the same with K. Paustovsky, B. Pasternak: After him[rain] start to climb violentlymushrooms - sticky butterflies, yellow chanterelles, mushrooms, ruddy mushrooms, honey agarics and countless grebes(Paust.); By noon, over the dim water, a distantpiling up Baku - gray mountains, gray sky, gray houses covered with patches of bright, but also gray sunny color(Paust.); I had the opportunity and the good fortune to know many elderspoets who lived in Moscow , – Bryusov, Andrei Bely, Khodasevich, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Baltrushaitis(B. Past.).

Punctuation marks for homogeneous definitions

§37

Homogeneous definitions expressed by adjectives and participles and standing before the word being defined are separated from each other comma, heterogeneous - do not separate (for an exception, see § 41).

Note 1. The difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions is as follows: a) each of the homogeneous definitions refers directly to the word being defined; b) the first definition from a pair of heterogeneous refers to the subsequent phrase. Wed: Red, green lights changed each other(T. Tolst.) - red lights and green lights; Soon the chimneys of factories will smoke here, they will lay downstrong iron path on the site of the old road(Bun.) - strong → iron tracks. It is possible to insert a union between homogeneous definitions And , between inhomogeneous - is impossible. Wed: Glasses coldly play with multi-colored lights, exactlysmall precious stones(Boon.). - It's cold in the hallway, like in a senza, and it smellsraw, frozen wood bark...(Boon.). In the first case, the union cannot be inserted ( small precious stones), in the second it is possible ( damp and frozen bark). Note 2. Often definitions expressed by a combination of qualitative and relative adjectives act as heterogeneous: Her[siren] muffled the soundsbeautiful string orchestra(Boon.). Definitions expressed by qualitative adjectives of different semantic groups can also be perceived as heterogeneous: Here on the ground began to fallcold large drops(M. G.).

1. Homogeneous definitions denoting signs of different things : A talented student who spoke five languages ​​and feltFrench, Spanish, German literature at home, he boldly used his knowledge(Kav.).

Homogeneous definitions that express similar features of one object, i.e. characterize the object On the one side : This wasboring, tedious day(Kav.); The train was moving slowly and unevenly, supportingold, creaky railway carriage(rasp.); Heavy, damp the wall of the pine forest does not move, is silent(Lip.); Lena arranged for herspacious, empty room(Kav.); Winter at first swayed reluctantly, as last year, then burst in unexpectedly, withsharp, cold by the wind(Kav.). The similarity of signs can manifest itself on the basis of some convergence of values, for example, along the line of evaluation: And at this momentdiscreet, gentle, polite Zoshchenko suddenly said to me with irritation: “You can’t get into literature by pushing your elbows(Kav.); based on the unity of sensations conveyed by definitions (touch, taste, etc.): INclear, warm morning, at the end of May, in Obruchanovo, two horses were brought to the local blacksmith Rodion Petrov to be reforged(Ch.); Bliss wascool, fresh, delicious water gently rolling off your shoulders(Kav.).

The similarity of features may occur with adjectives used in a figurative sense: I shook the hand extended to mebig, stale hand(Shol.); Cruel, cold spring poured buds kills(Ahm.); In the heartdark, stuffy hop(Ahm.). The homogeneity of definitions is emphasized by the addition of one of them with a coordinating conjunction And : In them[songs] dominatedheavy, dull and hopeless notes(M. G.); Suchmiserable, gray and deceitful siskin(M. G.); Tired, tanned and dusty faces were exactly the color of the brown rags of the moon's wing(M. G.).

2. Definitions-adjectives that characterize an object or phenomenon with various sides: Large glass the doors were wide open(Kav.) - size and material designation; Former eliseevskaya the dining room was decorated with frescoes(Kav.) - designation of a temporary sign and a sign of belonging; Thick draft the notebook in which I wrote down plans and rough sketches was placed at the bottom of the suitcase(Kav.) - designation of size and purpose; Found in my archiveyellow school cursive notebook(Kav.) - designation of color and purpose; The forests, obliquely illuminated by the sun, seemed to him heapslight copper ores(Paust.) - designation of weight and material; Our famous and most courageous traveler Karelin gave me a veryunflattering writing attestation(Paust.) - designation of assessment and form; The foreman served teaviscous cherry jam(Paust.) - designation of property and material; Enoughtall antique faience the lamp burned softly under a pink shade(Bun.) - a designation of a quantity, a temporal sign and a material.

§38

Adjective definitions can be combined with participial phrases. The setting of the comma depends in this case on the location of the participial turnover, which either acts as a homogeneous member of the sentence with the adjectival definition, or as a heterogeneous one.

If the participial phrase is after the definition-adjective and before the word being defined (that is, it breaks the direct connection between the adjective and the noun), then a comma is placed between the definitions: Evenold, covered with gray lichen the branches of the trees whispered of days gone by(M. G.); No, not only cry in a dreamelderly, gray-haired during the war years men(Shol); Small, sometimes dry in summer rivulet<…>spread over a mile(Shol.); Standing, lost in the air the smell of flowers was nailed motionless to the flowerbeds by the heat(B. Past.).

If the participial phrase comes before the adjective definition and refers to the next combination of the adjective definition and the word being defined, then a comma is not put between them: Each time appeared and again drowned in pitch darknesscrouching to the wide beams of the steppe stanitsa(Paust.); Sergei sawwhite floating in the air notebook sheets(Sparrow.).

§39

A comma is placed when combining agreed and inconsistent definitions (an inconsistent definition is placed after the agreed one): Meanwhile insquat, with brown walls in the wintering of the Klyushins, a slightly dodged seven-line lamp really burned(Bel.); She took off the tablethick, fringed tablecloth and spread another, white(P. Neil.).

However, the comma not put, if the combination of an agreed and inconsistent definition denotes a single feature: White checkered tablecloth; she hadblue polka dot skirt .

§40

Definitions after the word being defined are usually homogeneous and are therefore separated by commas: Wordgrandiloquent, false, bookish hit him hard(Boon.). Each of these definitions is directly related to the word being defined and has an independent logical stress.

§41

Inhomogeneous definitions are separated by a comma only if the second of them explains the first, revealing its content (it is possible to insert words, that is, namely): He ... carefully stepped on the shiny wire withnew, fresh a feeling of delight(Gran.) - here new means " fresh»; without a comma, that is, when removing explanatory relations, there will be a different meaning: there was a “fresh feeling of delight” and a new one appeared (a new fresh feeling, but: a new, fresh feeling); - Shelter an orphan, - enteredthird, new voice(M. G.) - definition new clarifies the definition the third; Nature has no more talented and less talented works. They can be divided into those and others only withours, human points of view(Sol.). Wed: In the holiday village appearednew brick Houses(other brick houses were added to the existing brick houses). - In the holiday village appearednew, brick Houses(before that there were no brick houses).

Punctuation marks for homogeneous applications

§42

Applications (definitions expressed by nouns), not connected by unions, can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.

Applications in front of the word being defined and denoting close features of the subject, characterizing it on the one hand, are homogeneous. They are separated by commas: Hero of Socialist Labor, People's Artist of the USSR E. N. Gogoleva- honorary titles; World Cup Winner, European Champion NN- sports titles.

Applications denoting different features of an object, characterizing it from different angles, are not homogeneous. They are not separated by commas: First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation General of the Army NN- position and military rank; Chief Designer of the Design Institute for Construction Engineering for Precast Concrete Engineer NN- position and profession; general director of the production association candidate of technical sciences NN- position and academic degree.

When combining homogeneous and heterogeneous applications, punctuation marks are placed accordingly: Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion, two-time winner of the World Cup, student of the Institute of Physical Education NN .

§43

Applications after the word being defined, regardless of the meaning they convey, are separated by commas and must be highlighted (see § 61): Lyudmila Pakhomova, Honored Master of Sports, Olympic champion, world champion, multiple European champion, coach; N. V. Nikitin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, laureate of the Lenin Prize and the State Prize of the USSR, author of the project for the Ostankino television tower; VV Tereshkova, cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union; D. S. Likhachev, literary critic and public figure, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labor, chairman of the board of the Russian Cultural Foundation, laureate of the State Prize; A. I. Solzhenitsyn, writer, publicist, Nobel Prize winner .

Punctuation marks for repeating sentence members

§44

Between the repeating members of the sentence is placed busy. For example, repetition emphasizes the duration of an action: I'm going, I'm going in an open field; ding ding ding bell...(P.); Floated, floated in the blue vague depth clouds foamed by the wind(Shol.); indicates a large number of objects or phenomena: On the Smolensk road -woods, woods, woods . On the Smolensk road -poles, poles, poles (OK.); denotes a high degree of sign, quality, feeling, and each of the words repeated in this case has a logical stress: Scary, scary reluctantly among the unknown plains(P.); The sky was nowgray, gray (Sol.); What are you doing, my son?lonely, lonely ? (OK.); emphasizes the categorical statement: Now ... everything I live by iswork work … (Am.).

Note 1. For the use of a hyphen in repetitions, see "Spelling", § 118, paragraph 1. Note 2. On the repetition of prepositional combinations with forms of pronominal words ( in what in what, with whom with whom) see "Spelling", § 155, p. b. Note 3. The comma is not put if the repeating members with particles not or So between them form a single semantic whole with the meaning of an underlined statement, agreement or express the meaning of uncertainty: NotSo No; DriveSo drive; Valeria looked at me again and said nothing: tomorrowSo tomorrow(Sol.); Everything is at hand in our village: a forestSo forest, riverSo river(Sol.); Rainnot rain, you don't understand. The same when expressing the value of the concession: Timenot time, but you have to go . If repeated predicates with a particle So have conditional-investigative meanings with a touch of amplification, then a comma can be placed: - Well! he suddenly exclaims with an unexpected burst of energy. - Going to,So going to(Cupr.); Well, it will, thanks. made me feel betterSo comforted(Chuck.). (Compare: If we need to get together, then we will get together; If you made it easy, then with a vengeance .)

§45

Repeating members of a sentence with a union And with a sharp emphasis on their meaning, they are separated by a sign dash : Leave - and quickly leave; We need a win - and only a win. However, with a calmer intonation, a comma is also possible: You, and only you, are capable of this; We need facts, and only facts .

If union And stands between two identical verbs that act as a single predicate expressing a constantly repeating action, a comma is not put: And he is everythingwrites and writes letters to the old address .

In order to make it easier to convey to the listener the meaning of what was said, homogeneous members of the sentence are used in Russian. Compare: “The shady forest calls the traveler. The shady forest beckons the traveler. The shady forest promises coolness. Or the same, but given in one sentence: "The shady forest calls, beckons the traveler and promises coolness."

A sentence with homogeneous predicates, examples of which you will see in this article, helps to simplify the semantic load, while eliminating the need to pile up several syntactic constructions in the text.

Features of the composition of simple sentences

You probably know how simple sentences differ from complex ones. The former have only one, which, as a rule, includes the subject and the predicate (or one of these members). And complex sentences can have two or more such bases.

But in addition to the above-mentioned ways of expressing thoughts in the Russian language, there are also so-called complicated constructions. That is, those that include, for example, homogeneous members. This means that a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates “This lecture is interesting and informative” is not quite simple. It will be considered complicated in Russian grammar.

By the way, there is still a complication with introductory words or sentences, as well as isolations, appeals, etc. We will focus on the first version of complicated constructions.

The main features of homogeneity for the members of the proposal

But before we start discussing homogeneous subjects and predicates, let's remember the general rules that apply to all members of a sentence.

The main sign of homogeneity for both the main and secondary members of any sentence is that in this construction they will be equal, performing one syntactic function, referring to one member in the sentence and, accordingly, answering the same question.

Between them, regardless of the part of speech, there is either a coordinating or non-union syntactic connection, emphasizing their equality. The first is expressed, as a rule, with the help of the intonation of enumeration and and the non-union connection is expressed only intonation.

What predicates can be homogeneous

And the secondary members, and in the Russian language, becoming in a series of homogeneous ones, nevertheless, they can have dependent words (however, the same applies to secondary members). For example: "The girl looked out the window and sighed." This sentence has two homogeneous predicates (glancing and sighing), but at the same time, the first of them is extended by an addition (through the window), and the second does not have dependent words.

Most often, all homogeneous members of a sentence - predicate, subject, or others - belong to the same part of speech, but there are also constructions in which they can belong to different grammatical classes, be expressed by phraseological units or phrases.

For example, in the sentence "Andrey joked and laughed to tears," the predicates are expressed by the verb (joked) and (laughed to tears), which does not prevent them from being homogeneous.

How a series of homogeneous members is grammatically built

For grammatical association of homogeneous members in a sentence, both enumerative intonation and conjunctions are used. The latter can be connective (and, yes), adversative (a, but), as well as divisive (or, or). In the example “She either talks on the phone or runs to her friends,” the main member of the sentence is a predicate - connected by the divisive union "or". And in the example: "This boy is small, but smart," they are connected by the opposing union "but."

Comma between homogeneous subjects and predicates

The main punctuation rule when writing homogeneous members of a sentence is that in the absence of unions, a comma is placed between them. Homogeneous predicates are no exception. Examples “The rain whispered, lulled, evoked languor”, “Under the sun the drops shone, shimmered and seemed silver” confirm this.

But note that in the second sentence, between two of the three predicates, there is a coordinating union "and", which excludes a comma. True, this is possible only if it does not repeat itself, otherwise you will have to pay attention to the subtleties.

When a comma is used in sentences with repeated conjunctions

In the construction “And his hands, and face, and clothes were covered with a thick layer of soot,” homogeneous subjects are connected by a repeating union “and”, and this case already requires a comma between them.

In a situation where the union breaks homogeneous members into semantic pairs, each of them is taken as a single component from a homogeneous series: “Screeching and screaming, laughter and footsteps were heard through the dissolved window and beckoned into the courtyard.”

Please note that homogeneous subjects and predicates in this construction are connected in different ways: the subjects “squeals and screams”, “laughter and clatter” are paired, and there is a comma between them. And between the predicates “were heard” and “beckoned” there is a composing union, so a comma is not needed there.

A comma is also placed in sentences where homogeneous members are connected by so-called double unions (not only ..., but also ...; not so much ... as ...; if not ..., then ... etc.).

Please note that in the sentence "Snow covered not only the lawn in front of the house, but also hung on the trees with a white blanket" and similar ones, a comma in a double union is placed before its second part.

Comma in sentences with several rows of homogeneous members

A sentence with homogeneous predicates (you can see examples in the article) in some cases has several rows of homogeneous members. They must be distinguished from structures where there is only one such row, and between homogeneous members there are repeating unions.

In the sentence “A cat and a dog lived peacefully and did not quarrel in this house”, there are 2 rows of homogeneous members (subjects - “cat and dog”, as well as predicates - “lived and did not quarrel”). They are combined in pairs by the connecting union "and", but in this construction it is not put.

A sentence with homogeneous predicates: examples of a colon with the main members of a sentence

Sentences, regardless of the part of speech they are expressed in, can carry words that have a general meaning and are equally related to each lexical unit from this series. For example, in the sentence “Fruits were poured on the counter in bright heaps: apples, pears, plums and peaches”, the generalizing word “fruits” carries a generic concept.

If a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates or other members of the sentence includes a colon after it. When reading, as a rule, a pause is made at this point: “Mom managed to do everything: cook dinner, do laundry, dust and sing songs.”

By the way, the generalizing word always turns out to be the same member of the sentence as the homogeneous members that are attached to it, since they have one syntactic function.

Examples of a dash with the main members of a sentence

If a homogeneous row ends with a generalizing word, then it is separated by a dash: "And milk, and berries, and mushrooms - everything in the village seemed especially tasty." “Her thin hands, curls at the temples, even the flowers on the dress - everything aroused delight and seemed beautiful” - homogeneous predicates here are separated from homogeneous subject dashes, since after them there is a generalizing word.

Together with a generalizing word, an introductory word can also be used (that is, in a word, namely, somehow, etc.), then a comma is placed between them: “Neither fleeting glances, nor a sudden blush, nor sighs - in a word, nothing did not escape his watchful eyes.

Some cases when a dash is put

A dash with homogeneous members can stand not only in the case of enumeration. So, if homogeneous predicates carry a sharp semantic opposition of one in relation to another or a sudden attachment, a dash is placed between them: “I went out into the garden - and froze when I saw a squirrel on the roof of the gazebo.” The dash in such sentences emphasizes the unexpectedness, the suddenness of the action: "The prince met Cinderella - and immediately fell in love with her."

By the way, if homogeneous members do not have unions among themselves, but at the same time express opposition, they are also separated by a dash: "He is light - he is darkness, he is faith - he is unbelief."

How to recognize heterogeneous and homogeneous predicates: examples

If words are used in a sentence to emphasize the plurality of objects, the duration of the action or its repetition, such members of the sentence belong to the homogeneous ones.

Pay attention: "We swam, swam, swam in a thick impenetrable fog." The predicate in Russian in such a construction is considered as a single member of the sentence.

Parts of a compound predicate, which is expressed by a combination of verbs, cannot be homogeneous members (I'll go rest, let me see, I'll take it and complain, etc.). A construction with them cannot be considered as a sentence with homogeneous predicates.

Examples of sentences with phraseological units (neither give nor take, neither fish nor meat, and laughter and sin, etc.) are classified according to the same criteria.

The union "and" can connect:

• homogeneous members of the sentence (definition and definition, predicate and predicate, etc.);
• simple sentences in complex.

Putting a comma before the union "and" connecting homogeneous members of the sentence.

A comma is PUT if the union "and"

1. with homogeneous members it is repeated:

And the birch is sweet both in the sun, and on a gray day, and in the rain.

2. connects more than two homogeneous members:

In the forest alone it is noisy, and creepy, and sad, and fun.

A comma is NOT SET if

1. homogeneous members are connected in pairs (pairs are separated from each other):

In Crete they lived freely and cheerfully, wide open and open.

Putting a comma before the union "and", connecting simple sentences as part of a complex one.

A comma is PLACED if

1. simple sentences are combined as part of a compound:, and.

A thunderstorm was approaching, and the clouds covered the entire sky.

2. after the subordinate part of the sentence, the second part of the double union TO, HOW or BUT follows:

He wore dark glasses, a sweatshirt, his ears were stuffed with cotton , And when I got into a cab, then ordered to rise up.

Occasionally a small snowflake stuck to the outside of the glass , And if you look closely, then one could see its finest crystalline structure.

A comma is NOT SET if

1. both parts of a compound sentence have common minor term, most often this is a circumstance of place or time, less often an addition:

On the tree at school(here is a common minor term) children read poems and Santa Claus gave them gifts.

At the Snow Maiden (and this is also him) there were large gray eyes and white braids fell to the waist.

2. two impersonal sentences are combined (that is, there is no subject in the sentence), which have synonymous members in their composition:

Necessary wrap your throat with a scarf and necessary try rinsing it with baking soda.

3. general subordinate clause:

While Santa Claus saved the Snow Maiden, the Wolf and the Fox stole the lights from the Christmas tree and the holiday was again under threat.

4. common introductory word (most often this is a word indicating the same source of the message for both parts:

According to the wanderer Feklusha, people in this country with dog heads and a fiery serpent for speed began to harness.

Fortunately, The New Year happens only once in 365 days and gifts in such quantities have to be bought infrequently.

5. two interrogative, motivating, exclamatory or nominal sentences are combined:

Who are you and where did you come from?

Let the winter end and warm days come!

6. two homogeneous subordinate clauses are combined as part of a complex-subordinate sentence:

We went on a hike when the rain stopped Andwhen the sun came out.

Important! In cases where a comma is placed before the union “and”, connecting SIMPLE SENTENCES IN THE COMPOSITION OF A COMPLEX SUBJECT, the logic of setting the sign is the same as with homogeneous members.

It seemed as if the whole forest was being uprooted at once, and the earth was groaning in pain.(union & single)

He recalled how the Nazis suddenly attacked them, and how they were surrounded, and how the detachment still managed to get through to their own.(conjunction AND repeated)

This article will help you summarize all your knowledge on the topic "homogeneous members of a sentence."

Homogeneous members - words that refer to the same member of the sentence or are explained by the same member of the sentence and answer the same question. Any members of a sentence can be homogeneous: subject, predicate, secondary members.

How to find homogeneous members in a sentence

To find homogeneous members, you must first find the main members, and then make up all possible phrases and select those words that depend on the same word and answer the same question.

Homogeneous members can be interconnected by the intonation of the enumeration with unions (and, but, but, yes and others), or only by the intonation of the enumeration (without unions). Homogeneous members in a sentence are graphically marked by drawing a circle over each homogeneous member.

An example of a simple sentence with homogeneous subjects:

OOO
Blizzards, snows and fogs are always submissive to frost.

(What?) blizzards, snows, fogs (what?) are submissive. This is the case when homogeneous members are explained by one member of the sentence.

An example of a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates:

Oh Oh
The old woman plucked a very beautiful flower from the garden and gave it to Zhenya...

The old woman (what did she do?) plucked it. The old woman (what did she do?) filed. Homogeneous predicates refer to the same member of the sentence - the subject.

An example of a simple sentence with homogeneous secondary members:

Oh Oh
There is a short, but marvelous time in the initial autumn.

The time (what?) is short. It's time (what?) marvelous. Short, marvelous - homogeneous secondary members, or rather, homogeneous definitions.

Often, the student takes heterogeneous sentences for homogeneous members, and there is confusion in commas. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to those words that are similar to homogeneous members, but they are not.

Not are homogeneous members of the sentence

• repetitive words used to emphasize a variety of objects, the duration of an action, its repetition. Such combinations of words are considered as a single member of the sentence. Examples:

We seemed to be floating in the air and spinning, spinning, spinning. White daisies run under his feet, back, back;

• repeating identical shapes, connected by a particle not, so. Examples:

believe it or not, try not try, write like this write, work like this work;

• combinations of two verbs, of which the first is lexically incomplete, for example:

I’ll take it and tell you, I took it and complained, I’ll go and see;

• stable combinations with double unions, between which a comma is not placed (!). Examples:

neither back nor forth, for nothing, neither fish nor meat, neither sleep nor spirit, and laughter and sin, and this and that, and day and night, and laughter and sorrow, and old and young, and this way and that like this, and here and there, no more, no less, neither alive nor dead, neither yes nor no, neither day nor night, neither end nor edge, neither fluff nor feather, neither one nor the other, neither add nor subtract.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions

Primary school does not teach to distinguish between homogeneous definitions and heterogeneous definitions. Meanwhile, this is important, because in the first and second cases, commas are placed differently.

Homogeneous definitions indicate signs of different subjects (English, French) or similar signs of one subject (boring, tiring day).
Heterogeneous definitions characterize an object or phenomenon from different angles, often expressed by a combination of qualitative and relative adjectives (beautiful string orchestra) or qualitative adjectives of different semantic groups (cold large drops). Inhomogeneous definitions stand only before the word being defined.

The difference between homogeneous and non-homogeneous definitions is as follows:

• each of the homogeneous definitions refers directly to the word being defined;
• the first definition from a pair of heterogeneous refers to the subsequent phrase.

A little trick: if a union can be inserted between definitions without losing the meaning And, then they are identical. Between heterogeneous insert And impossible.

Glasses play with lights, like small precious stones.

Union and cannot be inserted ( small precious stones). Precious stones (what?) Small. There is no enumeration intonation. These are inconsistent definitions.

Oh Oh
The hallway is cold and smells of damp, frozen wood bark.

It is possible to insert a union and ( damp and frozen bark). There is an enumeration intonation. These are similar features of one object, they characterize the object on the one hand. These are the same definitions.

• Definitions-adjectives that characterize an object or phenomenon from different sides are not homogeneous.

The large glass doors were wide open.

Large glass - a designation of size and material, this not homogeneous members.

In my archive there was a yellowish school notebook, written in a cursory handwriting.

Yellow school - designation of color and purpose, not homogeneous members.

But sometimes in works of art there may be sentences in which there are commas between the definitions characterizing the subject from different sides.

OOO
Rainy, dirty, dark autumn has come (Chekhov).

• Definitions are considered heterogeneous if one definition is expressed by a pronoun or numeral, and the other by an adjective.

Why don't you put on your new dress?
Finally we waited for the first warm days.

How to put commas between homogeneous members

Now that we have learned how to find homogeneous members and distinguish them from heterogeneous ones, let's practice placing commas.

Homogeneous members of the proposal can be combined with the help of unions and without the help of unions.

1. If between homogeneous members do not have unions, then a comma is placed.
2. Before unions ah, but, yes in the meaning of but,but, however, in the meaning of between homogeneous members always a comma is placed.
3. If homogeneous members are connected single union and, yes, in the meaning of and, or, or, then there is a comma before it not is put.
4. If homogeneous members connect repeated alliances and...and, neither... neither, or... or, either... or, that... that, not that... not that, that between them a comma put. That is, if unions are repeated, then punctuation marks are placed in the same way as with an union-free connection. A comma is placed between all homogeneous members even in the case when only a part of them is connected by repeated unions, and the rest are connected by an unionless connection.
5. In the case of compound unions (if not ..., then; if not ..., so; although ..., but; both ..., and; not only ..., but also; not so much .. ., how much; as much ... as far as; not that ..., but; not that ..., a) a comma between homogeneous members put.

Between not comma not is put.

If homogeneous terms are separated by a comma, then commas are placed only between them.

OOO
But I loved the flight of the birds, and the boat, and the oars on the boat.
Oh and Oh and Oh

Commas stand only between homogeneous members (takeoff, boat, oars). There is no comma before the word take-off, because this is the first of the homogeneous members.

O O O O
The sun looks from heaven, and shines, and burns, spills over fields and meadows.
Oh and Oh and Oh and Oh

There is a comma before the first repeating union, because this union stands between homogeneous members (looks, shines).

OOO
I told about the dog, and about the baby elephant, and about the little doe.
and oh and oh and oh

There is no comma before the first repeating union, because it is not between homogeneous members, but before the first of them.

Commas in simple sentences with homogeneous members without unions

• If there are no unions, commas are always placed between homogeneous members. Example:

OOO
The river spreads, flows, lazily sad...

Commas in simple sentences with homogeneous members connected by a single union

• If union and, yes in the meaning of and, or, or single, no comma before it.

Oh Oh
birch branches And poplar trees look out from the garden.

O O O O
I love rolls, buns, loaves And cake!

• If there is an alliance between homogeneous members ah, but, yes in the meaning of but,but, however, in the meaning of, that is, an adversative union, then a comma is always placed before it.

Oh Oh
I will put not the clan, but the mind into governors (Pushkin).

Union however should be distinguished from introductory word however: the union can be replaced by the synonymous union but. If however is a union, then a comma is placed just before it.

Oh Oh
The task was not difficult, but laborious. (The task was not difficult, but time-consuming.)

If, however, is an introductory word, then commas are placed on both sides.

He, however, remained calm.

Commas in simple sentences with homogeneous members connected by repeated unions

• A comma is placed before repeating unions only between homogeneous members.

OOO
No longer visible neither land, neither trees, neither sky.

OOO
I paid attention And to the cry of the birds, And to their songs And for the flight.

O O O O
I love bread And cake, And cakes, And gingerbread.

• A comma is placed between all homogeneous members, even when only some of them are connected by repeated unions, and the rest are connected without the help of unions.

O O O O O
He is blind, stubborn, impatient, and frivolous, and arrogant (Pushkin).

• If the union connects homogeneous members in pairs, then a comma is placed only before paired groups.

O O O O
I am happy and strong, free and young (Bryusov).

• Pair unions can be connected by a repeating union and.

O O O O
Mines exploded both close and far, both to the right and to the left.

• With two homogeneous members with a repeating union, a comma may not be placed if the homogeneous members form a close semantic unity (such homogeneous members do not have explanatory words):

and brothers and sisters, and parents and children, and body and soul, and poetry and prose, and days and nights, and knives and forks, etc.

Most often, such unity is formed by antonyms:

and glory and shame, and love and hate, and joy and sorrow.

• Sometimes the union seems to be repetitive, but in reality it is single unions connecting homogeneous members of different groups.

O O O O
Home and work is he searched and did not find rest.

The first union and connects the homogeneous circumstances of the place: at home and at work; the second union connects homogeneous predicates: I searched and did not find; therefore, each of these unions is single, a comma is not put.

Compound unions

• Homogeneous members with compound unions (if not ..., then; if not ..., so; although ..., but also; as ..., so; not only ..., but also; not so much. .., how much; as much ... as far as; not that ..., but; not that ..., a) are separated by only one comma, which is placed before the second part of the union.

Oh Oh
I have an assignment how from the judge so from all our acquaintances to reconcile you with your friend.

Unions as well as, and then can have an attached meaning (meaning "and moreover"). Please note that after the second homogeneous member of a sentence with such a union, a comma is not placed (remember that a comma is placed only between homogeneous members). For example:

Oh Oh
It gets hard and then it is impossible to immediately deal with such a situation.

Homogeneous members in sentences with a generalizing word

In sentences with generalizing words, punctuation marks are placed in accordance with the rule: if a generalizing word is in front of homogeneous members, we put a colon after it; if after the homogeneous members or the sentence continues - after the homogeneous members we put a dash.

• If the generalizing word is in front of homogeneous members, then a colon is placed after it. Example:

yellow maple leaves lay everywhere: on the paths, on the benches, on the roofs of cars.

• If the generalizing word is after homogeneous members, then a dash is placed before it. Example:

On the paths, on the benches, on the roofs of cars - everywhere lay yellow maple leaves.

• If the generalizing word is in front of homogeneous members, and after them the sentence continues, then a colon is placed after the generalizing word, and a dash after homogeneous members.

OOO
Everywhere: on the paths, on the benches, on the roofs of the cars, there were yellow maple leaves.

With homogeneous members in simple sentences sorted out. But how to correctly punctuate complex sentences with homogeneous members? Let's consider in more detail.

Compound sentences with homogeneous members

To correctly place commas in a complex sentence with homogeneous members, follow the algorithm. First, we define the basics of each part of a complex sentence. We put commas between parts. Now imagine that each part is a simple sentence. We find homogeneous members and arrange commas according to the above rules. Example:

Finding the principal terms:

The little girl stood on the ball and then suddenly ran, but the ball spun under her feet and she again went around the arena.

We see 3 basics: The girl stood, ran. The ball spun. She went. This is a complex sentence with three parts. We put commas between them.

A little girl stood on a ball and then suddenly ran , but the ball spun under her feet , and she rode around the arena again.

We find homogeneous members (stood and ran). Determine if commas are needed between homogeneous members. They are connected by a single union and. A comma is not needed between them. Happened:

Oh Oh
A little girl stood on a ball and then suddenly ran , but the ball spun under her feet , and she rode around the arena again.

One more example:

Someone gave her various bell-shaped bracelets and she put them on her shoes and on her hands and again began to slowly circle on the ball.

Finding the basics. Someone filed; she dressed and began to spin - 2 bases. So this is a complex sentence consisting of two parts. We put a comma between them.

Someone gave her various bell-shaped bracelets, and she put them on her shoes and on her hands and again began to slowly circle around on the ball.

Now we find homogeneous terms. There are no homogeneous members in the first part. In the second part there are homogeneous predicates dressed and began to spin. She (what did she do?) dressed. She (what did she do?) began to spin. Homogeneous predicates are connected by a single union and. There is no comma before it.

There are also homogeneous secondary members on shoes and hands. Dressed (where?) on shoes. Dressed (where?) On hands. They are also connected by a single union and. The comma is not included. Outcome:

Someone gave her different bell-shaped bracelets,

OOO
and she put them on her shoes and on her hands and again
ABOUT
began to slowly spin on the ball.

And fix:

In addition, the girl knew how to glow in the dark, and she slowly swam in a circle and shone and rang.

We highlight the basics. The girl knew how; she floated / shone / rang - 2 bases. This is a complex sentence with two parts. We put a comma between them.

The girl also knew how to glow in the dark , and she slowly swam in a circle and shone and rang.

There are no homogeneous members in the first part, we do not touch it. In the second there are homogeneous predicates connected by a repeating union and, therefore, we put commas between homogeneous members.

The girl also knew how to glow in the dark,
OOO
and she slowly swam in a circle , and shone , and rang.

As you can see, the main thing is to correctly determine the bases and find homogeneous members, and putting commas is as easy as shelling pears!

And now let's practice on our own to compose sentences with homogeneous members and correctly punctuate.

Common mistakes when arranging commas in sentences with homogeneous members

The most common mistake is that a comma in a simple sentence is not placed BETWEEN homogeneous members, but before the first of them or after the last of them. A comma is placed BETWEEN homogeneous members.

The second mistake is "they do not separate the flies from the cutlets", they do not differentiate parts of a complex sentence and homogeneous members.

Be careful, place commas according to the algorithm given by us on the 7th guru and everything will work out!

Make up some simple sentences with homogeneous members

We will give examples, and you, by analogy, come up with a couple more similar sentences.

O O O O
Daisies, cornflowers, bluebells and forget-me-nots grew in the meadow.

Oh Oh
The dog whined and barked with joy.

OOO
Autumn was golden, sunny, warm.

Several complex sentences with homogeneous members

Oh Oh
The cat climbed onto the roof of the booth, and the dog tried to jump and catch him.

Oh Oh
The weather was clear and sunny, and the guys walked until the evening.

Sentences with homogeneous predicates - sentences in which the syntactic role of the predicate is performed by homogeneous members of the sentence.

Homogeneous predicates explain the same subject, describing its actions or characteristics, and answer the same question (What to do? What to do?). In a sentence, homogeneous predicates can be expressed by verbs or other parts of speech (compound nominal predicates).

Examples of sentences with homogeneous predicates: Women walked to the store and something loud discussed. He sat on the balcony and observed for children walking in the yard. Misha played violin guests, read his poems. Ocean was restless, was angry.

Homogeneous predicates can also be found in one-part simple sentences (that is, sentences in which the subject is not expressed).

Examples: Come in to the old man, and then further go. hat frustrated wind and swept away to the river.

Examples of a colon with the main members of a sentence

A number of homogeneous members of a sentence, regardless of the part of speech they are expressed in, can carry words that have a general meaning and are equally related to each lexical unit from this series. For example, in the sentence “Fruits were poured on the counter in bright heaps: apples, pears, plums and peaches”, the generalizing word “fruits” carries a generic concept.

If a generalizing word is included in a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates or other members of the sentence, a colon is placed after it. When reading, as a rule, a pause is made at this point: “Mom managed to do everything: cook dinner, do laundry, dust and sing songs.”

By the way, the generalizing word always turns out to be the same member of the sentence as the homogeneous members that are attached to it, since they have one syntactic function.

Examples of a dash with the main members of a sentence

If a homogeneous row ends with a generalizing word, then it is separated by a dash: “And milk, and berries, and mushrooms - everything in the village seemed especially tasty.” “Her thin hands, curls at the temples, even the flowers on the dress - everything aroused delight and seemed beautiful” - the homogeneous predicates here are separated from the homogeneous subjects of the dash, since after them there is a generalizing word.

Together with a generalizing word, an introductory one can also be used (that is, in a word, namely, somehow, etc.), then a comma is placed between them: “Neither fleeting glances, nor a sudden blush, nor sighs - in a word, nothing did not escape his watchful eyes.

Some cases when a dash is put

A dash with homogeneous members can stand not only in the case of enumeration. So, if homogeneous predicates carry a sharp semantic opposition of one in relation to another or a sudden attachment, a dash is placed between them: “I went out into the garden - and froze when I saw a squirrel on the roof of the gazebo.” The dash in such sentences emphasizes the unexpectedness, the suddenness of the action: "The prince met Cinderella - and immediately fell in love with her."

By the way, if homogeneous members do not have unions among themselves, but at the same time express opposition, they are also separated by a dash: “He is light - he is darkness, he is faith - he is unbelief.”

How to recognize heterogeneous and homogeneous predicates: examples

If words are used in a sentence to emphasize the plurality of objects, the duration of the action or its repetition, such members of the sentence belong to the homogeneous ones.

Note: "We swam, swam, swam in a thick impenetrable fog". The predicate in Russian in such a construction is considered as a single member of the sentence.

Parts of a compound predicate, which is expressed by a combination of verbs, cannot be homogeneous members (I'll go rest, let me see, I'll take it and complain, etc.). A construction with them cannot be considered as a sentence with homogeneous predicates.

Examples of sentences with phraseological units ( neither give nor take, neither fish nor meat, and laughter and sin, etc.) are classified according to the same criteria.