A drain riser is a pipe that connects the sewerage system to the environment, i.e. atmosphere. In practice it looks like a continuation sewer riser, which is led through the attic to the roof.

Therefore, the fan riser is also called a ventilation riser. But why does the sewer system need ventilation? Many beginners mistakenly believe that it only removes unpleasant odors from the sewer, but this is far from the case.

To answer the question posed, let's look at what processes occur in the sewer while flowing through the riser large quantities drains.

In this case, the pipeline works like a pump, in which wastewater flowing in a large volume serves as a piston. Accordingly, as they move down in the sewer system, a zone of rarefied pressure appears above the drains. As a rule, this happens after flushing the toilet.

If the discharged pressure is not normalized by drawing in air through ventilation, air is sucked in through plumbing fixtures. As a result, the water seal breaks down in the area where it is weakest. Those. the water in the water seal is simply sucked into the system.

Let us remind you that a water seal is, in fact, a water valve that prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer into the room. It is formed in a siphon, which must be installed between each plumbing fixture and the sewer.

Therefore, in the process of breaking the water seal, a characteristic “gurgling” sound is heard from the plumbing fixture, which is probably familiar to many apartment owners in multi-storey buildings. After this, an unpleasant odor appears in the room, as gases from the pipeline begin to escape freely.

As you probably already guessed, a ventilation riser is precisely what is needed to equalize the pressure in the sewer system. According to current SNiP, it must be installed in all houses that have more than one floor.

Keep in mind that the lack of ventilation leads not only to the failure of water seals, but also to a deterioration in the permeability of the pipeline. This is especially noticeable in the “lying” section.

Accordingly, there can be no talk of any dismantling of the fan pipe, since this will only lead to a number of problems.

Ventilation rules

For sewer ventilation to work effectively, it must be carried out in compliance with the following rules:

Air valve

There are situations when the drain pipe is not enough for the normal operation of the sewerage system, i.e. the water seal breaks, despite its presence. This may occur due to a clogged system or improper installation. In a private house, sewer ventilation may be completely absent.

What to do in such cases? Of course, you can resort to extreme measures - replacing the old structure or installing a new one from scratch. However, there is a simpler solution - installing air valve.

Principle of this device is extremely simple - it allows the system to freely suck in air from environment, but immediately blocks the exit if reverse thrust. Therefore, gases from the sewer cannot escape through the valve.

It must be said that the air valve is a rather capricious device. Therefore, for its correct operation, it is necessary to follow certain installation rules:

Keep in mind that the capacity of the air valve is significantly less than the capacity of the fan ventilation. Therefore, it cannot be considered as an alternative to a riser in multi-storey buildings.

That, in fact, is all the information regarding sewer ventilation.

Conclusion

As you can see, without a drain riser it is impossible to ensure the normal operation of most internal sewer systems. Therefore, if this element is present in your sewer system, then under no circumstances should you get rid of it. The exception is private homes, where an air valve can be used as an alternative.

Private houses built taking into account modern projects, as a rule, are equipped with a sewerage system. This system is designed to play an important role - to radically improve the sanitary and epidemiological situation indoors. At the same time, as part of the implementation of such projects, sewer ventilation in a private house is also desirable.

It is projects with ventilation of sewerage systems that guarantee complete comfort of the home and contribute to the normal operation of domestic wastewater lines. Which ventilation schemes are most effective and how to implement them in a private home - this is exactly what we will talk about in our article.

We will also analyze the features of installing the components of sewer ventilation, paying attention to the norms and rules that should be observed in this case.

Private residential buildings, unlike municipal housing, have individual characteristics. Therefore, the sewerage scheme of a private house cannot always be compared with standard municipal projects. You can only borrow individual solutions.

City municipal real estate is required to be equipped internal sewerage with ventilation. Private housing construction projects often exclude this approach.

As a result, it is violated important function sewerage operation - blocking the exit of sewer fumes into the interior of the premises.

Whenever possible, they try to implement modern housing projects in the private sector by connecting the domestic sewage system to a centralized main. Autonomous schemes, however, are predominant in private homes

The issue of ventilation is being considered sewer networks, as a rule, in relation to . This includes all drain lines installed directly inside buildings.

At the same time, based on the classification of collected wastewater, sewer systems are divided into three types:

• household(household-fecal);
• rain ();
• production(industrial).

Household utility and fecal communications, in turn, are divided into centralized and autonomous systems. Many private house projects have been and are being carried out as an autonomous type.

True to modern stage In the construction of private residential real estate, its owners are increasingly trying to connect their home sewerage system to centralized lines. We recommend that you read all country house, popular among users.

Internal household communications traditionally contain the following plumbing fixtures:

• sinks and bathtubs;
• toilets, urinals and bidets;
• shower cabins.

This entire set is united by a pipeline system, which also includes ventilation risers, manifolds, connections, and other components designed to ensure the full functionality of the internal sewage system.

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Option #2 – fan pipe + end pipe

For private house projects, it is sometimes permissible to implement a sewer ventilation riser installation scheme in which the upper section of the pipeline remains in the attic area.

But in this option, the attic must have the design of an actively ventilated room, which is rare for private housing construction projects. Therefore, the scheme with pulling the sewer ventilation pipe through the roof of the building remains relevant.

Output through the roof is usually implemented according to the following plan:

1. The ventilation riser ends in the attic.
2. An end pipe is installed on the roof.
3. Connect the upper section of the riser with the lower section of the end switch using corrugation.

Installation of the end pipe on the roof is convenient and simple using an elastic polymer adapter. This strong, durable item has round shape(there are also square ones), and due to the stepwise change in the diameters of the passage, it is easy to adjust it to a pipe of a specific cross-section.

You just need to cut off the excess part of the adapter material along the line of the required diameter.

The end pipe, equipped with an adapter, is inserted into the through hole, previously made in the calculated location roofing. The lower cuff of the elastic adapter along the entire circumference of its junction is treated with sealant.

In order to enhance the efficiency of natural draft, they are additionally installed on the upper end part of the fan riser.

A ventilation deflector is a device capable of increasing air draft due to the pronounced aerodynamic properties of the structure. The operating principle of such devices is based on the Bernoulli effect, when the speed of movement of air masses is directly proportional to the change in the cross section of the channel.

For sewer ventilation schemes in private houses, static (fixed) deflectors are often used. Less common, but also used.

This seemingly simple device plays significant role in the operation of the ventilation system of the home sewerage system. According to various estimates, the deflector gives an increase in traction by 20-30%.

Option #3 – sewer hood device

If sewer outlet not equipped with a water seal or the specified action useful device is not enough, it is worth building and installing a sewer hood:

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In order for sewer ventilation in a private house to be properly designed, you should purchase high-quality plastic pipes, which are much more economical than their iron counterparts. Light weight and ergonomic shape allow you to develop projects for a variety of sewer networks. The plastic parts of the pipeline will not be affected by the aggressive gas environment.

Pipes for ventilation in a private house, made of plastic, will not yield metal models, will even serve more efficiently.

PVC has gained the greatest popularity due to its advantages:

• they are light and have a high degree of strength;
• ultraviolet rays have no effect;
• easy to maintain;
• do not cause harm to health.

To see if you can use sewer pipes for ventilation, you will first need to find out all the nuances before purchasing materials. The flow of air along the path of ventilation pipes in a private house will entail the penetration of contaminated particles into the room. In another option, if the pipeline is planned to be installed in an exhaust system, all harmful particles will be drawn from the inside into the external environment.

It is best to make ventilation from the components of durable and expensive plastic, which will ensure the durability of the structure. Without unevenness, as with the accumulation of dirt in iron pipes, plastic options allow oxygen to circulate freely throughout the house.

Do-it-yourself ventilation from sewer pipes can be installed in two ways: forced and natural systems. Easiest to install natural system ventilation in the house, which consists of channels passing through the house and then rising to the roof. Forced ventilation sewerage in a private house requires additional costs at the installation stage, namely the purchase of fans and valves.

Types of ventilation systems

There are two common ways to construct ventilation from sewer pipes:

• internal hood;
• external ventilation system.

At the stage of installing an internal sewerage exhaust system in a private house, all the nuances of the room and the laying scheme are thought out in advance. Important points:

1. The diameter of the fan (exhaust) pipe and the riser that extends it must completely match;

1. According to the rules, the height of the vent pipe must be at least 20 cm and a maximum value of 3 meters, especially if the roof has a steep slope. In most cases, the height of the pipe is a meter above the roof;
2. The sewer hood with pipe should be 3-4 meters away from the window or balcony;
3. Strengthen natural cravings to the hood by installing a deflector.

Ventilation of sewerage in a private house according to this scheme is possible mainly at the design stage of the building, if it has not yet been built, otherwise they proceed to the external installation option.

External ventilation is installed in three ways:

• Using a ventilation duct from a sewer pipe, which is mounted outside the structure. Difference from simple drainpipes in that the upper end of the ventilation duct is higher than usual, and its diameter is at least 11 cm;

• Most a good option there will be an installation of a hood on a septic tank, which, located at a distance from the house, will relieve household members of unpleasant odors;

• The sewer pipe hood can be located between the toilet and the septic tank.

How to arrange sewer ventilation

First, you need to decide whether ventilation will be needed for sewerage in a private house, and develop a detailed design scheme, which will depend on the number of floors and drainage points.

Ventilation in a private house from sewer pipes will prevent the penetration of a fetid odor into the structure, and if there are several risers, it is advisable to combine them into a common system.

Nuances of installing ventilation risers:

• the exhaust pipe leading to the roof of the house must be extended at least a meter in height;
• to avoid the formation of condensation and winter period ice jams on the top of the ventilation pipe, you should not install a cap there;
• When combining several systems into one, it is important to buy pipes of the same diameter of 110 mm;
• It is strictly not recommended to connect together general ventilation in the house and sewer;
• To avoid damage from snow or ice in winter, do not place ventilation pipe under the roof canopy.

To use vent pipes for their intended purpose, the following conditions must be met:

• installation is possible in an apartment building if the drain point is above the first floor level;
• the size of the risers does not exceed half a meter in diameter.

If the fan pipe for ventilation in a private house is not suitable, you can choose a simpler installation method using valves, but this may reduce the efficiency of the system. Owners should understand that ventilating sewer pipes using valves does not always guarantee the absence of unpleasant odors and noise.

How to make a ventilation valve with your own hands

To prevent sewer ventilation from becoming too costly, you can build a valve in your home yourself, which is simple in design and stable in operation. Experienced specialist always has at hand the materials with which to install a ventilation valve for the sewer system. Despite the fact that valves are inferior to vent pipes, they prevent frost from forming in the pipeline by blocking the flow of warm air from the septic tank.

The sewer ventilation valve is manufactured in several steps:

1. To begin with, you will need a small spring mechanism (a part made from ballpoint pen), under which a 45 mm long self-tapping screw will be selected;
2. Next, a round plastic pancake with a diameter of 50 mm is made, and a hole is drilled in the center of the circle, suitable for inserting a self-tapping screw into it;
3. The spring in combination with the self-tapping screw must be inserted without any snags and rest against the pancake;
4. After this, a circle of larger diameter, approximately 60 mm, is cut out of cardboard, with a hole in the center where the self-tapping screw will be inserted;
5. Both products, a plastic pancake and a cardboard circle, are glued together;
6. A plastic tee 100 mm in diameter is prepared in advance, into which three small holes are drilled. All three holes should not be more than 4-5 mm. You need to check the distance from the holes to the edge of the cover; it should not be more than 20 mm.

The final action is to insert a self-tapping screw into the center of the cover, which will ensure the integrity of the entire structure.

How to check if the valve is working properly

Evaluate performance ventilation valve possible after it is completely assembled. Air is released from the lid hole, which should come out evenly. If, when you inhale air, it comes out, you need to compress the spring more and tighten the screw. Such actions will relieve the owners of the faulty valve and ensure its operation, so gases from the septic tank will not enter the air duct.

Valve Application

The most important thing when installing a ventilation valve is that it ensures tightness at low pressure in the sewer. This is useful for houses with three floors, three or four rooms. So that the incoming air contributes to equalization low pressure in the pipeline, it is worth choosing a diameter of the product larger than that of the horizontal drain. This will ensure reliable drainage of waste water.

The air valve must be designed for short-term operation in public places, have the necessary power and maintain constant pressure in common system ventilation.

With a constant air exchange of 33 to 48 liters per second, a comfortable microclimate is ensured in the house. An important indicator when installing an air valve is its capacity, as well as its compliance regulatory requirements. The level of throughput will depend on the number of floors of the premises: the more floors, the correspondingly higher the indicator. Most often, to achieve ventilation, the throughput must be five times higher than the capacity of the riser.

Important! For ductwork to function properly, it must meet industry regulations and standards. At the design stage of a building or when changing the arrangement of an already created room, the indicator of the ejection capacity of water, that is, the suction capacity, must be taken into account.

To prevent the appearance of a foul odor from the sewer, use a ventilation system of drain pipes or valves. These devices will not require a lengthy installation process, but will thus be effective in general design sewer system. Their installation must be carried out at the design stage of a private house.

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Sewer ventilation in a private house is an integral part of communication networks. Owners of private houses in the process of installing a drainage system Wastewater believe that ventilation for sewerage should be installed only in a building with a large area and with a large number plumbing fixtures.

In practice, a sewer hood in a private house, which ensures that clean air and the removal of gases with an unpleasant aroma must be considered for any structure. The differences between the systems will relate to design features, depending on individual project construction.

Sewer ventilation contributes to a uniform balance of pressure values ​​in the drainage system. Due to this circumstance, the owner will avoid the spread of a stinking odor throughout the living rooms and will receive an excellent level of sound insulation, eliminating the unpleasant noise of water moving through sewer pipes.

Ventilation options

Sewer ventilation in a private house should be installed regardless of how many floors and plumbing fixtures there are in the building. In this matter important rule is the development of a circuit.

Ventilation can be done in two ways:

• Use fan pipes in your work;
• Use vacuum valves.

Determining the basic details must begin with the understanding that current building codes contain several conditions that indicate the use of only vent pipes on the job. These conditions include:

• The number of floors in the building is two or more, and the drain points will be located above the first floor.
• The internal circumference of the riser pipes exceeds 50 centimeters.

In any other situation, the owner can use the most simple circuits. It turns out that the decision to use a waste pipe in a pipeline, where it may not exist, can only be made by the owner of the house. It is important to remember that experts recommend using more than one valve device to improve the efficiency of the drain, because such devices will not guarantee complete blocking unpleasant aroma from sewerage, as well as sound insulation.

In addition to the benefits already mentioned, sewer ventilation from waste pipes will contribute to the normal functioning of sewage system, since in such a device drying out of the siphon poses less danger.

Loss of water occurs frequently. Especially in country houses, where plumbing equipment is used for its intended purpose several months a year. In this case, the water seal dries out. The sewer vent helps warm air rise up and exit through the pipe. When the siphon dries out and stops doing its job of preventing the spread of aroma in the room, and the system does not have ventilation for the sewer riser, the smell will spread throughout the house very quickly.

Rules for installing vent pipes

Details about the device

Installing ventilation in the sewer system requires compliance with certain rules and recommendations..

1. Parts for ventilation must be selected taking into account the same material from which the sewer pipes are made. This circumstance makes it possible to perform trouble-free sealing of joints. Plastic is best suited, since due to its low weight, such pipes are easier to install in a vertical position.
2. The parameter of the inner circumference of the ventilation outlet must be no less than the same parameters of the widest riser.
3. During installation, you should carefully connect the riser and fan terminals into a single system. When the distance between adjacent risers is too large, then you will have to install several fan parts. You should think through all the possible nuances of the question of how to install sewer ventilation in a private house in the construction drawings. This practice can significantly reduce the likelihood of unpleasant situations occurring during installation.
4. To install ventilation, it is worth considering the presence of special hatches and channels.
5. When installation work are carried out already in the constructed building, the installation of system elements must be carried out through the walls. Under no circumstances should the integrity of the floors be compromised, as these actions will reduce the stability of the house.
6. When developing a ventilation scheme, it is necessary to maintain the horizontal position window openings and balconies to the outer section of the pipeline. This value is at least four meters. If the requirement is ignored, there is a high probability of a stinking aroma entering the rooms.

Rules for installation on the roof

1. There is an option when the exhaust pipe goes to the roof of the house. In this case, the output height can be from 20 to 300 centimeters. This value depends on roofing structure. When the roof is flat, the part can be extended only 30 centimeters. For a pitched design, the given value will be at least 50 centimeters. If located and used under a roof attic space, then the value will be maximum and will be three meters. It is much easier when there is sewer ventilation in a private house without access to the roof.
2. If a fan part extends onto the roof from a living room or chimney, its height parameter cannot be less than other outlets.
3. Also, you should not install a deflector on the pipe, because it will not increase the efficiency of the system and will cause ice build-up on the parts due to condensate freezing in winter.

When to use a vacuum valve

The second option for arranging ventilation lies in installing vacuum valves. However, this method is recommended only when it is impossible to install vent pipes due to technical inconsistencies, or their installation is financially unprofitable.

The principle of operation of the device is to connect the sash and a spring with a low resistance value. When the device is closed, the airtight seal completely seals off the penetration of air masses. When a vacuum appears in the sewer (in the case of draining water), the valve automatically opens and air from the room enters the system, regulating the correct proportions. Once balance is restored, the sash closes again and creates an airtight seal.

Penetrate unpleasant aromas into the room through the sealed vacuum valve impossible. An obstacle on the way sewer odors when the valve is open it becomes air flow, which moves in the opposite direction.

When installing ventilation with the installation of a vacuum valve, it is important to understand and be guided by some aspects of the functioning of this device:

• If the water seal dries out installed valve unable to prevent the smell from spreading throughout the rooms in the house.
• The main location for installing valves is considered to be the riser. If installation is difficult in the specified area, then they can be installed on any horizontal section of the pipeline.

When selecting a ventilation equipment method, it is worth understanding that installing a water seal in any case will make the system’s operating efficiency much higher.

Atypical methods of arranging ventilation

Application non-standard solution, fully meeting the requirements sanitary standards and safety precautions, can be a solution in a situation where a sewer hood is installed already at the stage of a fully rebuilt building. In this case, the use of a standard ventilation arrangement can cause difficulties.

Installation on the external wall of the house

Ventilation system pipe outlet external walls the structure will not be able to spoil the exterior of the house, since it is visually similar to an element of a standard drainage system. The main difference will be hidden in the height of the upper part of the pipe, which, no matter how hard the owner tries, extends beyond the level of the roof of the house. To arrange this option for fan ventilation of the waste system, the most common diameter of products is used, equal to 110 millimeters. When a house owner selects a place for installation, he must remember the requirements for the permissible distance between window openings and fun conclusion. This parameter is four meters.

Fence installation

When installing fan pipes on a fence and fixing them with fastening elements, the same techniques are used that are typical for installation on the external walls of a house. The difference lies only in the greater distance of the outlet from the building itself. The specified installation method involves installation at a remote distance from the neighboring area, since the removal of ventilation from the sewage system is unlikely to please the neighbors with an unpleasant odor.

Ventilation to the septic tank

A ventilation system from the drain, which leads directly to the septic tank, is considered an ideal arrangement option in 50% of cases. To install drives and treatment plant There are a number of rules according to which such objects must be located at a distance of five to twenty meters from the house. This feature provides a guarantee to eliminate the possibility of unpleasant odors from the sewer entering living spaces. In addition, this withdrawal method is easy to implement, both at the stage of building a house and in the case of redevelopment or improvement of living conditions.

Is sewer ventilation necessary in a private house? Of course, the answer is yes. However, before implementing a suitable scheme, you should carefully consider all the nuances and operating conditions of an already equipped sewer system.

Video review:

Everything useful about sewerage -

Waste from toilets, washbasins, bathtubs, as well as household appliances(For example, washing machine or dishwashers) accumulate in the riser. Such a chemical-organic composition releases organic gas during the fermentation process. As a result, the system is often filled with unpleasant odors, especially during hot periods. To prevent this from happening, specialists developed and provided for sewerage ventilation in a private house.

Such a system is simply necessary. Moreover, you can install it either in centralized sewerage, and with an autonomous, isolated and non-isolated wastewater system. It will provide:

1. Fresh air supply.
2. Balancing system pressure.
3. Silent drainage.

If you plan to build a house with your own hands, it is important to include a sewer hood in the project. But as practice shows, this activity is done only when the smell from the sewer enters the house.

Still, better late than never. If you don't have ventilation for some reason, installing it in a functioning wastewater system is not difficult.

In order for the sewer system to work reliably and without failures, it is important to correctly connect the pipeline to the riser. This should be done by shortcut with a slope towards the riser. The section of the pipeline from the toilet to the riser should not include other plumbing fixtures. Due to this, it is possible to prevent the cross-section of the pipe from being blocked by drains from the toilet, so there will be no vacuum during their movement. Otherwise, a vacuum will be created in the siphon, causing water to escape from it.

If you are using pipes with the required diameter and everything is connected correctly, this is not a guarantee that the system will work as it should. To ensure good drainage passage, it is necessary to install a drain pipe.

Before you begin, you should familiarize yourself with some rules to ensure that the riser ventilation functions properly. Here are some of them:

• the ventilation pipe is led to the roof and, depending on the type of roof, rises by 0.5–2 m;
• it is installed 4 m from windows or a balcony if timely natural odor elimination is required;
• the diameter of the pipe must be chosen the same as that of the sewer pipes;
• in no case should you connect the sewer ventilation system to the general ventilation system of the house;
• It is better not to install a deflector on the top of the drain pipe, since in winter, under the influence of temperatures, it will freeze, preventing the passage of fresh air.

Features and principle of operation of the fan pipe

Plastic is the most common material used to install ventilation. Plastic pipes have a number of advantages:

• they are light;
• they are easy to install;
• There are additional elements in the pipes.

How does a drain pipe work? Due to the wastewater that is discharged into the pipeline, a vacuum is created. It is partially compensated by water. But if the height of the riser is large and the drain is powerful, the vacuum in the pipe breaks the water seals, which leads to the drainage of the siphon. In this case, the unpleasant odor easily penetrates into the house.

When a drain pipe is installed, the vacuum that is created in the pipeline does not suck out the water, as in siphons. This becomes possible thanks to the air that enters the system, preventing the occurrence of vacuum. Thus, water seals do not break, but perform their function - protect the house from unpleasant odors.

Vacuum valves

Sometimes, instead of a drain pipe, vacuum valves are installed. They are also capable of providing ventilation for the riser. How does he work? Air enters the sewer when the valve itself opens slightly under the influence of vacuum. Then Atmosphere pressure is equalized with the created pressure in the sewer and water does not flow out of the water seals. When the pressure is equal, the valve will close, preventing the penetration of unpleasant odors.

The vacuum valve should be installed at the end of the riser.

The device is quite simple and useful, but it has one drawback: when, due to a lack of water in the water seals, the siphons dry out, the penetration of stench into the house cannot be avoided. Moreover, it is susceptible to freezing, contamination and can jam, which undoubtedly does not give the valve an advantage over the ventilation system.

In addition to the classic ventilation system with a drain pipe inside the building, there are others. They will be useful to those whose housing has already been built, since the work is carried out outdoors. Let's consider three ventilation schemes.

1. Ventilation diagram along outer wall looks very similar to classical system. The only difference is that the pipe is installed along the outer wall, but there is no need to pull it all the way to the roof.
2. Ventilation diagram for the fence. In this case, the principle is the same as the previous two types, the difference is that the pipe is taken out away from the house. This method should suit not only you, but also your neighbors, so you need to make sure that the smell from the sewer system of your home does not bother them.
3. Ventilation diagram from a septic tank. Of these methods, this is often chosen for ventilation of a private house. In accordance with the standards, the septic tank should be located at a distance of 2 to 20 m from the house. It turns out that the stench does not enter the home and the smell is not felt in the yard.

If your home has not yet installed sewer ventilation, you can do it yourself without calling specialists. Following simple rules, you can get rid of the unpleasant odor.

Video

From the video provided you will see how to install a sewer pipe: