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Many women consider any discharge from the genitals to be a sign of some kind of disease, and strive to get rid of it. This is a fundamentally wrong idea. Vaginal discharge are as physiological as the secretion of salivary and lacrimal glands, gastric juice, etc. Trying to get rid of all these secretions is not only pointless, but also unsafe. In some cases this also applies to bloody discharge. But their appearance occupies a special place in gynecology– an admixture of blood in vaginal secretions quite often serves as a sign of various pathologies. Let's try to understand in more detail what they mean bloody issues, and in what cases, when they appear, you should consult a doctor.

Bloody discharge in girls

The release of secretions from the genital organs is typical for the female body at almost any age, with the exception of the period from birth to 9-11 years. Before puberty, girls should not have vaginal discharge. This is due to the structure of the genital organs and the characteristics of the hormonal profile in this age period. There is no menstrual function yet, the eggs do not mature, the production of female sex hormones is very low, and their effect on the girl’s body is minimal. This is the so-called period of physiological rest.

Therefore, the appearance of vaginal secretions in a girl under 10-12 years old, and even more so bloody discharge in a newborn, clearly indicates the presence of problems. This could be pathologically early puberty, an infectious lesion, or even a disease of the digestive or urinary tract, which are located nearby.

In any case, the appearance of bloody discharge before puberty is a reason to seek advice from a pediatric gynecologist.

Bloody discharge in girls

Bloody discharge during this period is called juvenile or pubertal.
Most often these are uterine bleeding, which is a disruption of the menstrual cycle in girls aged 12-18 years. They are also often called dysfunctional - associated with disorders of the hormonal function of the ovaries.

Clinical signs
Most often, spotting in girls appears after the next menstruation is delayed for several weeks. They usually last for more than a week. In some cases, such juvenile bleeding can be observed for several months, periodically weakening or intensifying. With such prolonged bleeding, the patient's condition can be quite serious. Intense and prolonged bleeding can lead to the development of anemia. This condition requires urgent medical attention.

Treatment of bleeding in girls
Adequate treatment of juvenile bleeding is necessary in order to avoid the occurrence of such severe complications as hemorrhagic shock or anemia.

With a timely visit to a gynecologist and initiation of treatment, in most cases, spotting disappears and the menstrual cycle returns to normal. But if the bleeding is adolescence remains untreated, it can develop into bleeding of reproductive age, which can cause infertility and the development of diseases in an adult woman.

Bloody discharge in women of reproductive age

When can they normally occur?

As a rule, such discharge appears in women about a few days before the start of menstruation, and smoothly develops into heavier menstrual bleeding. In addition, they can continue for several days after the end of menstruation. Most often, this phenomenon is observed in women who are protected using an intrauterine device. In such cases, if the discharge is not very abundant, then it is considered a physiological norm, and no special treatment is required.

Bloody vaginal discharge as a sign of pathology

An important factor in determining the danger when such discharge appears is its quantity and connection with the woman’s menstrual cycle.

Heavy bleeding
If a woman experiences heavy bleeding that is in no way related to the physiological menstrual cycle, this is a sign of a serious pathology. Such a patient should be examined by a gynecologist as soon as possible. This symptom is potentially life-threatening for a woman, and wasting time can have serious consequences for women’s health.

Brown spotting, and in some cases even black, is a consequence of the destruction of blood cells in the uterine cavity. It is necessary to determine the cause of bleeding as quickly as possible.

Scanty and spotting bleeding
If spotting not associated with the menstrual cycle is scanty, then it may indicate the following pathologies:

• menstrual irregularities;
• presence of endometriosis;
• severe cervical erosion;
• cervical cancer;
• infectious lesion (with systematic spotting, associated or not associated with the days of the menstrual cycle, and having a foul odor).

The connection between bleeding and the menstrual cycle

Bleeding before and after menstruation
Bloody discharge after and before menstruation is a fairly common occurrence. In her life, almost every woman has noticed unexpected vaginal bleeding at least once.

It should be remembered that scarlet spotting, which gradually becomes more abundant, is considered normal on the first day of menstruation.

Brown dark spotting before menstruation indicates the presence of pathological process in the uterus: endometriosis, polyp, hyperplasia (overgrowth) of the endometrium, etc. Pink discharge like diluted blood with an unpleasant odor before and after menstruation is a symptom of chronic endometritis or chronic endocervicitis.

Heavy and prolonged bleeding after and before menstruation is most often dysfunctional. They need to be stopped, and then the cause of their appearance must be identified and treated. They arise due to disturbances in the hormonal function of the ovaries. It is in these organs that eggs cyclically mature and female sex hormones are produced, which take part in maintaining the normal menstrual cycle.

The causes of spotting after and before menstruation can be:

• hormonal disorders in the body during various diseases and stress;
• endocrine pathologies, most often – a small amount of thyroid hormones;
• stopping or starting hormonal contraceptives;
• use of emergency contraception drugs: Postinor, Ginepristone, etc.;
• taking certain medications and starting or stopping estrogen supplements.

Bloody discharge in the middle of the menstrual cycle
Experts say that intermenstrual light bleeding from the vagina is a phenomenon that does not pose a danger. It is caused by hormonal fluctuations associated with the onset of ovulation. Bloody discharge between periods occurs in almost 30% of women.

Normal discharge during ovulation is characterized by the following symptoms:

• small total volume (spotting);
• duration - no more than 72 hours;
• slimy consistency of scarlet, pinkish or Brown;
• there is no need to use feminine hygiene products;
• The examination does not identify other causes of bleeding from the genitals.

Often unexpected bloody discharge from the genital tract, even a small amount, can also be a sign of gynecological diseases.

Bleeding between periods usually begins on the 10-16th day, counting from the first day of the last menstruation, that is, from the beginning of the cycle. Normally, they look like barely noticeable mucous discharge streaked with blood, which lasts from half a day to three days. If over time the bleeding becomes stronger and stronger, or does not stop for more than three days, then you should definitely consult a gynecologist.

The doctor must stop the bleeding and order the necessary examinations. But even if such bleeding stops on its own, it is still worthwhile to undergo an examination by a gynecologist and perform an ultrasound of the pelvic organs. This phenomenon may serve as the only symptom of the presence of a hidden gynecological disease.

Causes and treatment of spotting in the middle of the cycle
The most common cause of uterine bleeding between periods in a healthy woman is a sudden sharp fluctuation in estrogen levels in the body. During ovulation, the level of this hormone increases rapidly. And since it affects the uterine mucosa, a similar symptom appears. Bloody discharge during or after ovulation is considered a physiological norm if: medical examination show no signs of other diseases. However, they are subject to drug correction. To treat and prevent such hormonal surges, women are usually advised to avoid stressful situations and are prescribed herbal preparations.

Brown, pink or dark spotting in the middle of the menstrual cycle occurs when:

• the release of the egg from the follicle at the time of ovulation;
• the presence of an intrauterine device;
• taking hormonal contraceptives;
• the use of certain other medications that affect the menstrual cycle;
• carrying out gynecological procedures, for example, cauterization or conization of the cervix;
• low functional activity of the thyroid gland;
• polyposis, endometriosis, cervical erosion, chronic inflammation of the uterus (endometritis);
• sexually transmitted infections (for example, gonorrhea);
• genital injuries;
• fibromas and other tumors of the genital organs.

Bloody discharge during menstruation
Of course, bleeding is an integral part of menstruation. However, in some cases, a change in the consistency of the discharge may be a sign of pathology.

So, if spotting instead of menstruation takes on the character of large clots, this may indicate:

• pathological bending of the cervix;
• blood clotting disorders and tendency to thrombosis;
• deficiency of B vitamins;
• pathological processes in the uterus (fibroids, polyps, endometriosis).

Bloody discharge before menstruation, after it and in the middle of the cycle requires special attention and a thorough examination, which should include:

• consultation with a gynecologist;
• bacteriological and microscopic analysis of secretions;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy

Bloody discharge as a sign of pregnancy
Minor bleeding from the genital tract may occur when a fertilized egg implants into the wall of the uterus. It is associated with microscopic damage to the uterus and possible trauma to small vessels in it. Such discharge, called implantation, is scanty, unnoticeable and does not pose any threat to health.

Implantation bleeding most often occurs approximately 7-9 days before the expected start of your next period. Many women, having noticed it, believe that this is a harbinger of normal menstruation, and do not consider this symptom as a sign of pregnancy.

Bloody discharge in pregnant women
A woman should be alert to any spotting (of any duration, in any quantity, of any color) that occurs during pregnancy, even if it is not accompanied by pain. The reason for such discharge may be:

• premature placental abruption;
• detachment of the ovum;
• incorrect location of the placenta (previa);
• threat of miscarriage.

Such spotting is often brown in color and can appear at almost any stage of pregnancy.

Another, but not so dangerous, cause of bleeding during pregnancy is microtrauma and rupture of the vessels of the cervix during its erosion. Only a specialist can accurately determine the true cause of bleeding, therefore, if any such discharge appears, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a gynecologist.

Bleeding during pregnancy is characterized by the fact that it can increase sharply and unexpectedly, leading to very serious complications and consequences. A danger to the health, and sometimes the life of a pregnant woman, can be the appearance of profuse bleeding that is brown, scarlet, pink or spotting dark.

It is necessary to urgently call an ambulance if the following symptoms occur:

• a sharp decrease in blood pressure;
• weak pulse;
• general weakness;
• pale skin;

If such bleeding occurs during pregnancy, it is necessary to observe bed rest and complete rest. In addition, gynecological specialists almost always recommend urgent hospitalization. The health and life of a pregnant woman and her child may depend on this.

Bloody discharge on early stages pregnancy
In the early stages of pregnancy, the appearance of bloody discharge may indicate a threat of spontaneous miscarriage. As a rule, such discharge occurs in the first trimester if the process of rejection of the fertilized egg begins. Therefore, in order to prevent termination of pregnancy and the threat of losing the child, the woman must be hospitalized in the gynecological department as soon as possible. Only specialists in a hospital setting will be able to carry out all the necessary measures aimed at maintaining pregnancy.

Discharge in late pregnancy
At later stages, spotting may indicate a threat of premature placental abruption, or mean premature onset of labor. In such cases it is necessary emergency help gynecologists.

However, the appearance of brown, not red, spotting in small quantities at 38-40 weeks is not a cause for particular concern. In many women, such discharge occurs as a result of weak bleeding from the vessels located on the cervix. However, at the next scheduled visit to the gynecologist, a pregnant woman must tell him about the noticed vaginal discharge.

Bloody discharge during miscarriage

Bloody discharge from the genitals during pregnancy is the most common symptom of a threatened miscarriage. In this case, the discharge may accompany, or precede its appearance, pain in the lower back and nagging pain in the lower abdomen.

It must be remembered that if a woman suddenly has bleeding from the vagina and is diagnosed with a “threatening miscarriage,” this does not mean that the pregnancy will be terminated in any case. Most women, despite the presence of spotting in the early or late stages, with timely and adequate treatment, successfully carry their pregnancy to term and give birth to healthy children.

Bloody discharge after childbirth

Normal discharge after childbirth (so-called lochia) has pink color and resemble diluted blood or ichor. This is a postpartum physiological discharge from the uterus, which includes blood, mucus and rejected non-viable tissue of the decidua of the uterus.

Most often, the duration of discharge of such lochia ranges from 3 to 6, occasionally up to 8 weeks after birth. A necessary sign of normal course this process there is a tendency to reduce the amount and clarify the discharge. Lochia in the first week resembles regular menstruation, only more abundant and sometimes containing blood clots. Every day their number should decrease.

Gradually, the lochia becomes yellowish-white due to an increase in the amount of mucus, begins to resemble egg white, but may still contain small blood impurities. At about the 4th week after birth, only scanty, “spotting” discharge should be observed. By the end of 6-8 weeks after birth, vaginal discharge should acquire the same character and quantity as before the start of pregnancy.

Bloody discharge after examination by a gynecologist

The appearance of scanty bleeding after a gynecological examination is not uncommon and should not cause much concern. During the examination, microtrauma of blood vessels and minor damage to the mucous membranes are not excluded. Often such discharge occurs in cases where the doctor uses a mirror during examination, or takes a smear. A smear is taken from the mucous membrane of the vagina, urethra and cervical canal. Simply put, mucosal cells are simply scraped off from the wall of the vagina or other organ. It is completely natural that damaged tissue may bleed for some time.

The main thing to remember is that the bleeding should stop as soon as possible. In any case, it will be useful for a woman to monitor her condition. If the bleeding does not stop, or it is accompanied by itching, burning or pain, then you should immediately contact a gynecologist, describing all the details.

Bloody discharge after abortion

Any abortion is associated with more or less extensive trauma to the vessels of the uterine wall. Therefore, the appearance after an abortion of bloody discharge, varying in color and quantity, is almost inevitable.

In approximately 80% of women, after drug exposure, a complete abortion occurs within a week, and spotting completely stops. In 95% of women, a complete abortion occurs by the 14th day after the manipulation. Scanty discharge of a bloody nature after a medical abortion can be observed until the next menstruation.

Menstruation after a medical abortion should begin approximately after a period of time, the duration of which for a particular woman is a normal menstrual cycle. In addition, a delay of up to 10 days is normally possible. Although in some cases (in approximately 13% of patients), the first menstruation after a medical abortion may begin only 2 months after the abortion procedure.

Heavy bleeding after an abortion is quite rare. This usually serves as an indicator of blood coagulation disorders. It must be remembered that after an abortion, uterine bleeding is considered severe if:
1. Two sanitary pads big size completely soaked in blood within an hour.
2. This continues for more than two hours straight.

In such cases, the woman urgently needs to undergo a second consultation with a gynecologist and have an ultrasound scan. To stop uterine bleeding, the doctor may prescribe additional medications that contract the uterus and reduce bleeding.

Regardless of the presence or absence of bleeding, a week after the abortion you should definitely contact your gynecologist again and undergo a control ultrasound.

Bloody discharge after sexual intercourse

Bloody, brown, pink or dark spotting that occurs after sexual intercourse most often has fairly safe causes that can be easily eliminated if you consult a gynecologist in a timely manner. However, it must be remembered that if bleeding during or after sex is profuse and accompanied by severe pain, then you need to seek medical help as soon as possible.

Bloody discharge that occurs in women after sexual intercourse is called postcoital bleeding. Let's look at the main reasons for their appearance.

Mechanical damage
Blood discharge from the genitals after sex can be caused by physical force. Most often, these are injuries that a woman can receive during too rough or active sex:

• injuries and ruptures of the walls or vault of the vagina;
• damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix;
• damage to the eroded cervix.

The likelihood of injury or rupture of the vaginal wall is especially high if pain and blood appear unexpectedly, right during sexual intercourse, and the bleeding is quite heavy. In such cases, you must immediately call an ambulance, as with any serious injury accompanied by bleeding.

Infectious diseases
Often the cause of spotting after sexual intercourse can be an infection - chlamydia and other sexually transmitted diseases. Another symptom of an infectious pathology of the reproductive system is the addition of a foul odor to the discharge.

Inflammatory lesions
Bloody discharge after and during sex can occur due to inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs. Most often, bleeding after sex occurs due to cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix) or vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina). In both cases, bloody discharge from a woman’s genitals occurs not only after sex. Sexual intercourse in this situation is only a stimulating factor.

Polyps and erosions of the cervix
A common cause of spotting after sex is polyps and erosions of the cervix. Such discharge, as a rule, is very fleeting, disappearing literally after a few hours, but resumes again at the next sexual contact. To get rid of this symptom, you need to contact a gynecologist and undergo a course of treatment for cervical erosion. But polyps, which can cause the development of malignant tumors in the future, must be removed.

Use of medications
Bleeding after sexual intercourse may be a consequence of taking certain medications that reduce blood clotting (for example, aspirin) and birth control pills. Taking such medications is associated with the risk of developing hypoplasia (decreased thickness) of the uterine mucosa, which can lead to trauma.

The cause of bleeding may also be errors in taking contraceptives. Skipping the next dose of these medications, or using them late, can cause bleeding after sex. In such cases, the gynecologist may advise changing the drug that caused the adverse reaction, or temporarily discontinuing it if the cause of the spotting was due to errors in its use.

Other pathologies
In rare cases, the cause of spotting after sex may be pathological changes in the cells of the cervix (dysplasia), certain blood diseases and uterine cancer. The presence of such pathologies is determined by laboratory analysis of vaginal discharge and other examinations.

Bloody discharge when using contraceptives

Brown spotting in the first two months after starting hormonal contraceptives is considered normal. When using medications such as Regulon, Yarina, Jess, spotting can appear in any phase of the menstrual cycle, which is associated with suppression of ovulation. After using postcoital hormonal contraceptives, such as Postinor, spotting may also occur due to sudden changes in the body's hormonal balance.

It should be remembered that if bleeding does not stop in the third and fourth months of continuous use of the drug, the woman should consult a gynecologist. Most likely, this oral contraceptive simply does not suit her, and she needs to replace it.

Bloody discharge during menopause

Bleeding during menopause (even the slightest spotting) is a symptom of diseases, and sometimes quite serious ones, including uterine cancer. Therefore, under no circumstances should such a situation be ignored.

Many women have a hard time going through menopause. Signs of its pathological course are:

• strong and frequent hot flashes;
• metabolic disorders in the body;
• increased blood pressure;
• the appearance of psychological disorders;
• periodic bleeding from the genitals.

The widespread belief that any symptoms are possible during menopause leads to many women ignoring bleeding that should not occur normally. They occur quite often - according to statistics, more than half of patients over 45 years of age consult a gynecologist due to bleeding during menopause.

Causes and treatment of bleeding during menopause
The symptoms of pathological menopause are caused, first of all, by hormonal changes in the female body, that is, they are dysfunctional. But we must not forget that in some cases, bleeding indicates the presence of benign tumors (polyps and fibroids) or malignant.

Bloody discharge may occur if a woman uses hormone replacement therapy after menopause. In this case, taking progesterone can stimulate the restoration of light menstrual bleeding. They can be observed for 1-2 years, usually pass painlessly and easily, lasting no more than 3-4 days. This is the only type of bleeding during menopause that does not require immediate interruption of the course and treatment. But if a woman takes progesterone, and menstrual bleeding begins at the wrong time, lasts longer than expected, is very heavy or contains blood clots, then you should definitely consult a gynecologist.

It is necessary to distinguish between two types of bleeding during menopause:
1. Bleeding during premenopause.
2. Bleeding during postmenopause.

Bloody discharge in premenopause
Bleeding during premenopause is usually caused by a disruption in the production of sex hormones in women aged 45-50 years, up to the complete cessation of menstruation. Their cause is disturbances in the timing of ovulation, which lead to failure of cyclic changes in the thickness of the uterine mucosa.

Usually, menopausal bleeding in premenopause appears after a delay in menstruation, and sometimes its onset occurs on the day of the expected menstruation, or even a little earlier. Such spotting can vary in intensity and last for several weeks or even months. They are characterized by relapses, sometimes occurring within 4-5 years.

Bloody discharge during menopause is especially common in women suffering from metabolic disorders and various endocrine diseases. Therefore, the appearance of the first signs of menopausal bleeding is a reason for mandatory examination in order to identify dysfunctions of the thyroid and pancreas, liver, fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

Bloody discharge in postmenopause
Any bleeding in the postmenopausal period, that is, after the complete cessation of menstruation, should always be considered as a threatening symptom. Such bleeding is a sign of tumors, including malignant ones. In such cases, diagnostic curettage is almost always performed, affecting the mucous membrane of the uterine body and the cervical canal, as well as subsequent histological examination of the scraping.

Diagnosis and treatment of bleeding

Which doctor should I contact if I have bloody discharge from the genital tract?

If bloody discharge of varying nature and quantity appears in women and girls of any age, you should contact gynecologist (make an appointment). If we are talking about teenagers or girls under 10 years old, then you should contact a pediatric gynecologist.

Despite the fact that spotting from the vagina can be evidence not only of diseases of the female genital area, but also a symptom of a disorder of the blood coagulation system, if they appear, you should still contact a gynecologist, since coagulopathies (blood clotting disorders) are much less common than gynecological pathologies . This means that the doctor will examine the woman and, if necessary, refer her to hematologist (make an appointment).

In addition, every woman and girl should know that the discharge of blood from the genital tract in some cases is a sign of an emergency condition, the essence of which is that some kind of catastrophe occurs in the body and immediate attention is required health care to save lives. If signs of such a dangerous condition appear, you should immediately call an ambulance and go to the hospital so that doctors can provide the necessary life-saving assistance.

So, you should urgently call an ambulance and be hospitalized in a hospital if, during or after sexual intercourse, severe pain appears in the abdomen or vagina and heavy bleeding begins. In this situation, urgent help is needed due to the fact that during sexual intercourse an injury to organs occurred and ruptures and traumatic injuries need to be sutured so that the woman does not die from blood loss.

In addition, it is imperative to call an ambulance and hospitalize pregnant women at any stage of gestation if they experience bleeding from the vagina. Any discharge of blood from the vagina during pregnancy should be considered dangerous. Although theoretically, bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy may be harmless, due, for example, to erosion of the cervix, it is difficult to distinguish them from dangerous ones. Moreover, at the beginning, spotting may have signs of harmlessness, but this is deceptive, since at any moment they can intensify, take on their true character and become very dangerous (for example, with an ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, placental abruption, etc.) .

In addition, bloody vaginal discharge in women and girls of any age should be considered dangerous if it increases or does not decrease over time, possibly combined with severe pain in the lower abdomen (right, left, middle or everywhere) or lower back, high body temperature, severe and rapid deterioration in health after the onset of bleeding, paleness, decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, profuse sweating, possibly fainting. Remember that when there is a dangerous discharge of blood from the vagina, the woman’s condition quickly and sharply deteriorates to the point that she literally cannot stand or sit, and almost faints.

Treatment of bleeding from the genital organs in women of any age has several goals:
1. Stopping severe bleeding as quickly as possible and replenishing blood loss.
2. Eliminating the cause that caused the bleeding.
3. Compensation for the consequences of blood loss (for example, anemia).

Examination for bloody discharge
Before prescribing treatment, the gynecologist conducts an examination to determine the true cause of the bleeding.

The examination program usually includes:

• a detailed survey of the patient, on the basis of which the doctor draws conclusions about her psychological state, hereditary diseases in the family, etc.;
• visual examination of the vagina using mirrors;
• laboratory examination of vaginal smears;
• examination of cervical tissue using colposcopy or biopsy;
• ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;
• in certain cases - diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity followed by microscopic examination of endometrial tissue;
• determination of hormone levels;
• general blood analysis .

What tests and examinations can a doctor prescribe for bloody vaginal discharge?

Bloody vaginal discharge can be caused by various diseases and conditions, for the diagnosis of which different methods are used. The choice of diagnostic method in each specific case of bleeding from the vagina is made by the doctor individually, depending on the accompanying symptoms, thanks to which it is possible to preliminarily assume the disease that caused the bleeding or spotting. Below we will look at what tests and examinations a doctor can prescribe for bloody vaginal discharge with various accompanying symptoms, and we will only touch on those situations when there is no urgent need to call an ambulance.

Dark bloody vaginal discharge (brown, brownish, maroon, dark red, etc.) in large or small quantities, appearing outside of menstruation or before menstruation, makes the doctor suspect a pathological process in the uterus (for example, endometrial or cervical polyps canal, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis, etc.). In such a situation, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• Bimanual gynecological examination;
• Examination of the genital tract in the mirror;
• Vaginal smear for flora (sign up);
• Hysteroscopy (sign up);
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (sign up);
• Separate diagnostic curettage (sign up);
• Magnetic resonance imaging (sign up);
• General blood analysis;
• General urine analysis ;
• Blood chemistry;
• Coagulogram (sign up);
• Blood test for luteinizing hormone;
• Blood test for follicle-stimulating hormone;
• Blood test for testosterone.

First of all, a bimanual two-handed examination and examination of the genital tract in the mirrors are always performed. A smear is also taken for flora, and an ultrasound of the pelvic organs is prescribed, since these are the examination methods that make it possible to diagnose the disease or narrow the diagnostic search. For rate general condition general blood and urine tests are also prescribed, biochemical analysis blood and coagulogram (assessment of the blood coagulation system). Further, if the results of an ultrasound and examination reveal a disease (for example, cervical polyp, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, etc.), the doctor prescribes hysteroscopy or magnetic resonance imaging to clarify data on the localization of the pathological focus and assess the condition of the tissues. If the ultrasound results reveal endometrial hyperplasia, the doctor prescribes separate diagnostic curettage. If the examination reveals endometriosis, then the doctor may additionally prescribe blood tests to determine the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in a woman.

If the examinations do not reveal any diseases, but there is bloody discharge, the doctor prescribes tests for sexually transmitted infections ( chlamydia (sign up), mycoplasmosis (sign up), ureaplasmosis (sign up), trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea (sign up), syphilis (sign up)).

If a woman systematically experiences spotting, spotting, and emitting an unpleasant or fetid odor, and they can be observed on any day of the menstrual cycle, the doctor suspects an infectious-inflammatory process in the genitals and prescribes tests for sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis , gardnerellosis, gonorrhea, syphilis), as well as ultrasound of the pelvic organs. For analysis for sexually transmitted infections (sign up) You can donate blood, vaginal and urethral discharge. As a rule, the doctor recommends to the woman exactly what tests she needs and what biological material should be provided for this.

If pinkish discharge appears periodically before menstruation, resembling diluted blood and emitting an unpleasant odor, endometritis or endocervicitis is suspected. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• Gynecological examination (make an appointment);
• General blood analysis;
• Flora smear;
• Bacteriological culture of vaginal discharge;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• Hysteroscopy;
• Separate diagnostic curettage with histological examination of the material;
• Extended colposcopy (sign up);
• Cervical smear for cytology (make an appointment);
• Bacteriological culture of a smear from the cervical canal;
• Blood or vaginal discharge tests for sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea, syphilis) using ELISA methods, PCR (sign up) and etc.;
• Cervical biopsy.

First of all, the doctor conducts a gynecological examination, prescribes a general blood test, a smear for flora, a culture of vaginal discharge and an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, since these examinations make it possible to understand whether a woman suffers from endocervicitis or endometritis. Next, other examinations are prescribed to clarify the parameters of the pathological process and determine the causes of the disease. So, if endometritis is detected, separate diagnostic curettage is performed with or without hysteroscopy. Hysteroscopy allows you to see the endometrium inside the uterus and assess its condition, and curettage only makes it possible to obtain the result of its histology and understand whether there is only inflammation, or whether we are talking about precancerous conditions or even cancer. From the point of view of alertness for cancer, doctors prefer to perform curettage followed by histological examination of the material, and hysteroscopy is performed only in some cases.

If endocervicitis has been detected, then, first of all, an extended colposcopy is prescribed and performed and a smear is taken for cytology to determine whether there is cancerous degeneration of the cells. Next, a blood or vaginal discharge test is prescribed for genital infections and a bacteriological culture of a smear from the cervical canal in order to determine the microbe that has become the causative agent of the infectious process. If cytology results reveal the presence of tumor cells, then biopsy (sign up) cervix for early detection of cancer.

Scanty and spotting bloody discharge of any nature (pink, red, brownish, etc.) in various parts of the menstrual cycle (in the middle, before menstruation, after menstruation) makes one suspect menstrual irregularities, endometriosis, polyps, endometritis, fibroids, sexually transmitted infections , genital injuries, cervical erosion, cervical cancer. In such a situation, the doctor first of all prescribes a gynecological examination, a speculum examination, a smear on the flora and an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, since these simple examinations make it possible to identify a number of additional signs by which the existing disease can be fairly accurately diagnosed and then other additional studies can be carried out for confirmation of the diagnostic guess.

So, if, as a result of the examination, damage to the genital organs is revealed, the doctor repairs it - suturing the tears, removing foreign objects, treating the mucous membrane with an antiseptic, etc. In such a situation, other examinations are not prescribed, since they are not needed. If, during the examination and ultrasound, erosion or an incomprehensible formation on the cervix was detected, the doctor prescribes a colposcopy, a smear for cytology, or immediately takes a biopsy of the affected area to understand whether there is erosion or whether it is a precancer or cancer.

If endometriosis is detected by ultrasound, tomography is prescribed to clarify the localization of ectopic foci and blood tests for hormones - testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating. If examination and ultrasound reveal polyps or a tumor (fibroids, etc.), an additional hysteroscopy is prescribed. If examination and ultrasound reveal endometritis, separate diagnostic curettage is additionally prescribed. If ultrasound and examination reveal signs of sexually transmitted infections, then a blood or vaginal discharge test is prescribed for pathogens of inflammation (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea, syphilis). And when the results of the ultrasound and examination did not reveal any pathology, the doctor prescribes blood test for thyroid hormones (sign up), since in such a situation, most likely, scanty bleeding is caused by a malfunction of this particular organ.

When large clots appear in the blood during menstruation, this suggests a bend in the cervix, pathology of blood clotting, deficiency of B vitamins, endometriosis or neoplasms in the uterus (polyps, fibroids). In such a situation, the doctor, first of all, performs a gynecological examination and speculum examination, prescribes an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, a general blood test, a coagulogram (APTT, PTI, TV, fibrinogen, clot retraction, etc.). If the results of a coagulogram reveal a pathology, the woman is referred to a hematologist. If according to the results Ultrasound (sign up) and examination revealed a bend of the cervix - therapy is prescribed. If an ultrasound and examination reveal endometriosis, tomography and blood tests for hormones - testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone - are prescribed. If ultrasound and examination reveal polyps or fibroids, hysteroscopy is prescribed.

If a girl or woman develops heavy and prolonged dysfunctional bleeding before or after menstruation, a hormonal imbalance is suspected, and in this case the doctor prescribes the following tests to understand why the ovaries do not function normally and do not produce required amount hormones to maintain a regular menstrual cycle:

• Blood test for the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin);
• Blood test for triiodothyronine (T3) level;
• Blood test for thyroxine (T4) level;
• Blood test for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels;
• Blood test for luteinizing hormone (LH) levels;
• Blood test for prolactin level (sign up);
• Blood test for estradiol levels;
• Blood test for testosterone levels.

If a woman experiences bleeding after intercourse, then an STI, cervicitis, vaginitis, polyps and cervical erosions are suspected, and in this case the doctor prescribes, first of all, a speculum examination, a bimanual examination, a smear for flora, a smear from the cervix for cytology and ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Further appointments are based on the data from these primary examinations. So, if the examination reveals erosion of the cervix, then colposcopy is prescribed and performed. If polyps are identified, treatment is carried out (they are removed). If cervicitis is detected, a colposcopy is also performed and tests for sexually transmitted infections are prescribed in order to understand which pathogen provoked the inflammatory process. If the results of the examination and smear on the flora reveal an inflammatory process, then tests for STIs are also prescribed. After the result of a cytology smear from the cervix comes in, the doctor decides whether a biopsy is necessary. So, if cytology does not reveal atypical (tumor) cells, then a biopsy is not taken, but if any are found, then a cervical biopsy is prescribed, which is necessary to understand whether there is a malignant tumor, or whether the atypical cells are a random find.

If after an abortion a woman has heavy uterine bleeding, the doctor will first perform an ultrasound to make sure there are no residues in the uterus. If any are found, curettage is performed. If none are found, then a coagulogram is prescribed, and the woman is referred to a hematologist, since the bleeding is considered to be caused by a blood coagulation pathology.

If heavy bleeding develops in a menopausal woman, then separate diagnostic curettage with histological examination of the material must be prescribed, since similar situation often a sign of tumors or precancerous underlying conditions.

If spotting appears in a girl under 12 years of age, the doctor prescribes a full range of diagnostic procedures - ultrasound of the pelvic organs, tests for genital infections, tests for hormones (cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone). In addition, to exclude kidney disease, a general urine test is prescribed, and to exclude pathology of the digestive tract, a biochemical blood test and Ultrasound of the abdominal organs (make an appointment).

Treatment of bleeding

Conservative methods:
1. Most often, the basis of the therapeutic program is hormonal therapy. Such treatment courses are usually prescribed for a period of up to 3 months. After its completion, there is a break in treatment, during which the gynecologist evaluates its results.
2. In addition to hormonal agents, symptomatic treatment is also used - hemostatic drugs and drugs that enhance the contractile activity of the uterus.
3. General strengthening therapy that helps restore the female body as a whole.
4. Experts also recommend avoiding physical and psychological stressful situations.

Selection optimal scheme Therapy for bleeding occurs individually. It should also be remembered that treatment will last from 3-4 weeks to six months or more, depending on the cause of the disorders. It may take several months to restore normal functioning of the female reproductive system.

Operative methods
Surgical methods are also used to treat severe bleeding. For example, in menopausal patients, uterine curettage is the main diagnostic method. And in case of juvenile bleeding in teenage girls, such a procedure is carried out exclusively for health reasons. After applying surgical methods, treatment is prescribed aimed at preventing the recurrence of discharge.

Conclusion

Treatment of bleeding from the genital tract should only be carried out by a gynecologist. Self-medication is absolutely unacceptable, even if the woman is sure that she knows the true cause of the bleeding. Misdiagnosis

• Date: 04/30/2019
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• Rating: 0

Bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle is sometimes normal, but more often it is a symptom of a disorder in the body or the presence of a disease. The discharge that appears in the middle of the cycle is usually not abundant, so women often do not pay attention to it, but in vain.

Features of the female body

Throughout the menstrual cycle, a woman's vaginal discharge changes. After the end of the month, there should be little discharge. In addition, they will be scanty and almost transparent. Often such discharge does not extend beyond the vagina and does not stain underwear. Before ovulation, the amount of discharge becomes more and more, and during the period of ovulation itself it is quite noticeable, visually similar to egg white.

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After ovulation, vaginal discharge becomes richer, thicker, and has a characteristic sour odor. Sometimes such discharge in the post-ovulation period can acquire a cheesy consistency, similar to that which occurs with candidiasis. If there is no such discharge after menstruation, then this is considered normal and does not indicate a disease, but a natural process in the body. So, normally a woman has discharge throughout the entire menstrual cycle, but it should not be mixed with blood.

The causes of bleeding in the middle of the cycle are as follows:

• early pregnancy;
• endometriosis;
• incorrectly selected contraception, in particular the IUD;
• venereal diseases;
• uterine tumors.

Ovulation and pregnancy

At the very beginning of ovulation, slight bleeding may appear due to the active production of the hormone estrogen. Such discharge lasts a short time (no more than 3-4 days) and is spotty in nature. The color of such discharge can be light red or brown. This is a non-pathological process that does not require special examination. It’s bad when bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle is abundant, painful and lasts a long time. This may indicate the presence of hidden diseases. In this case, it is necessary to be examined without delaying a visit to the doctor.

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One of the signs of conception is spotting in the middle of the cycle. The most effective way to find out that fertilization has occurred is to take a blood test for the hCG hormone, which will show the presence of pregnancy on the first day of the expected menstruation, or check with a pregnancy test. All other signs are individual for each woman.

After conception, serious changes occur in the female body, including hormonal ones, which lead to bloody discharge from the vagina. Such discharge appears after the egg enters the uterine cavity, in which the mucous membrane loosens and new vessels form. Normally, such discharge is insignificant and absolutely painless.

Heavy bloody discharge may be associated with ectopic pregnancy or occur against the background of spontaneous abortion.

Hormonal contraceptives

Incorrectly selected hormonal contraceptives can cause bloody discharge in the middle of the menstrual cycle. The effect of hormonal contraceptives is such that they block the release of the egg, so that fertilization does not occur.

Many women who have given birth prefer an intrauterine device. In addition to all the positive aspects of the spiral, there are many side effects. One of them is uterine bleeding. Sometimes they can be minor and do not require treatment. Most often, they go away over time without causing harm to the woman’s health. If vaginal bleeding is profuse and may appear in the middle of the cycle, then the IUD must be removed and then undergo a course of treatment. Sometimes treatment is prescribed for uterine bleeding without removing the coil. After completing the course of treatment, bleeding stops. If not treated in time, you can develop anemia associated with large blood loss.

Manifestation of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a dangerous disease, the nature of which is not fully understood to date. Characteristic symptoms of endometriosis are bleeding, severe pain lower abdomen and infertility. This disease is associated with the fact that endometrial cells grow beyond the uterine cavity. These cells can enter the abdominal cavity, onto the ovaries, into the eyes (symptom “bloody tears”), into the lungs (accompanied by expectoration mixed with blood), etc.

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Often with endometriosis, brown spotting appears before the start of menstruation and after it ends. This is due to increased estrogen levels and decreased production of the hormone progesterone. In addition, bleeding during menstruation becomes profuse and prolonged.

Doctors cannot fully say why this disease occurs. But one thing is for sure, it is that endometriosis must be treated. Diagnosing the disease is quite difficult, because its manifestations are similar to uterine fibroids. After a thorough examination, treatment is prescribed, which consists of the use of medications and sometimes includes surgery.

Endometriosis is treated with hormonal drugs, intramuscular injections with a prolonged drug, and also drugs with gonadotropin are used as treatment. To reduce the pain, you can take antispasmodic drugs. To reduce bleeding, you must use a hemostatic agent (for example, Viburkol).

The course of treatment is at least 6 months. In most cases, it is possible to reduce bleeding, normalize the menstrual cycle and restore reproductive function.

Uterine tumors

Bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle can be caused by the presence of uterine tumors. The most common diseases of the uterus, characterized by the appearance of a tumor, are the following:

• adenomyosis;
• oncology of the cervix, vagina or uterus itself;
• myoma;
• polyps formed on the cervix.

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All these diseases are quite dangerous not only for health, but also for human life. They need to be treated immediately after detection. Most often this takes place in a hospital setting. The course of treatment is long. It all depends on the degree of damage to organs by pathological formations.

Sexually transmitted diseases

The cause of bleeding from the vagina can be sexually transmitted diseases that occur in a latent form. This is often how chlamydia manifests itself. This disease is characterized by scarlet discharge with mucus. Sometimes their color can be more saturated. In addition to bloody discharge, the following symptoms may occur:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• chronic thrush;
• inflammation of the ovaries;
• inability to become pregnant during unprotected sexual intercourse;
• temperature 37°C and above.

Blood discharge with chlamydia is light and spotting. The infection is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner. Usually this disease does not manifest itself in any way at first. Over time, if the disease is not treated, it can lead to pathological changes in internal organs, infertility or early spontaneous abortions.

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Treatment should be carried out comprehensively. In addition to antibiotics, vaginal suppositories, corticosteroid ointments, and immunostrengthening drugs are prescribed. Against the background of this infection, immunity decreases significantly, which creates an additional risk of infection with other viruses or bacteria. Sometimes one course of treatment is not enough, and after a while it will need to be repeated.

Possible diseases

In adolescents, intermenstrual bleeding occurs due to hormonal immaturity. Most often, such disorders disappear after 1-2 years, and the menstrual cycle is completely restored. If this does not happen, it is necessary to undergo examination by a gynecologist and, if necessary, by other specialists.

In mature women, spotting that appears in the middle of the menstrual cycle may indicate approaching menopause.

They appear against the background of changes in hormones.

The causes of bleeding not associated with menstruation may be the following:

• foreign bodies in the vagina or uterine cavity;
• genetic diseases;
• atrophic vaginitis;
• ovarian cyst;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• polycystic disease

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Depending on the causes of bleeding in the middle of the cycle, treatment is prescribed. Most often it is conservative, with the use of medications and hormones. Sometimes a change in diet or diet may be required if the spotting is associated with a woman being overweight.

Prevention of bleeding is the management healthy image life. It is necessary to eat right, avoid stress and overexertion. Moderate physical activity will also help improve health and relieve excess weight body and strengthen the immune system. It is necessary to refrain from relationships with casual partners. It is important to remember that infectious diseases are becoming a common cause of menstrual irregularities and have a negative impact on overall health. Examination by a gynecologist at least 2 times a year will help identify malignant tumors at an early stage and others pathological changes in the female body.

Greetings to all guests and permanent residents of our site. The topic is again serious, concerning women's health. I recently talked about it, but today I’ll touch on one of his violations.

Have you ever experienced strange bleeding between periods, in the form of a few drops or even clots? Probably each of us has had such an incident. Because of such “nonsense,” we usually don’t rush to the doctor and don’t pay attention to the strange malfunction in our reproductive system. And it should be! If only because spotting in the middle of the cycle can have a variety of causes, including dangerous ones, even cancer!

Don't be scared right away. To be fair, I will say that most often “little blood” outside the schedule is more often a variant of the norm, because the female cycle is a capricious thing and can react inadequately to any little thing. So, today I’ll tell you about the reasons for strange discharge, serious and not so serious.

Mucus + blood = ovulation

We no longer pay attention to the usual mucous secretions that visit us at different periods of the cycle. They are normally constantly produced by the glands of the cervix. When they come out, they cleanse our genital tract and prevent infections from getting inside. We will certainly talk about them in more detail in one of the following topics.

Bloody discharge is rather a rarity for us and a cause for concern. Menstruation recently ended, and then its echoes came in the form of blood clots mixed with mucus or without it. And so we begin to rack our brains: what is this for?

• Most often this happens during ovulation.
  This discharge is light, mucous, pinkish or light brown. Sometimes you may not even notice them, since they do not remain on underwear or panty liners, only staining toilet paper. If the bleeding intensifies, lasts longer than 3 days with pain in the lower abdomen and other ailments - this is no longer the norm, call an ambulance immediately!
• In addition to ovulation, blood in the middle of the cycle can cause endometritis (inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus). Sometimes this causes pain, dizziness, and nausea. Endometritis begins to bleed in an advanced chronic stage.

Bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle: causes

• Endometriosis. It should be distinguished from endometritis. At the age of 35-50, in many women, the muscular layer of the uterus begins to grow. The reason for this may be hormonal imbalance, immunity disorders, or genes. To identify endometriosis, doctors use ultrasound and laparoscopy. Treatment is usually gentle and medicinal, but surgery may also be required.
• Birth control, especially if it is not suitable for you, can also cause a hormonal revolution, which will show itself in the form of red discharge outside of menstruation.
• A sign of pregnancy is implantation bleeding. It is quite rare. Usually we believe that blood is an indicator that conception has not occurred, sometimes it happens the other way around. People say about this phenomenon that it is “the fruit being washed”; in fact, there is no fruit there yet. The egg simply implanted itself into the wall of the uterus. Also, slight bleeding during conception may occur a couple of days before. You need to see a gynecologist to confirm that there is no danger and the fetus is developing normally.

Spiral

• IUD as a way to prevent pregnancy. This method of contraception is already outdated, and gynecologists do not recommend it as it is traumatic and provokes neoplasms in the uterine cavity (polyps, cysts). Also, the intrauterine device is the cause of possible inflammation and infections, which manifest themselves in the form of droplets of blood.

• Damage to the cervix and mucous membrane during overly active sexual intercourse. If blood after sex is a common occurrence for you, then it’s time to complain to the doctor. Of course, not on your partner.
• Uterine fibroids can cause bleeding from time to time and require careful examination and treatment. Sometimes this benign tumor becomes “evil”, that is, overgrown with cancer cells.

Bloody discharge mid-cycle

• Sometimes bloody discharge appears after playing sports. If you visit the gym and suffer, albeit minor, blood loss, it’s time to reduce your ardor and moderate the load.
• Depressive states are sometimes accompanied not only by tears from the eyes, but also by blood from... Yes, yes, blues and stress have never benefited anyone.
• Recent surgical interventions (cauterization of cervical erosion, biopsy) can produce consequences in the form of residual blood discharge. If they become more abundant, with pain in the lower back and abdomen, it is worth examining for possible complications.
• Well, the most dangerous thing that can happen is cancer. The cervix, affected by malignant cells, initially bleeds only a little, without pain or other warning signs, then the bleeding intensifies. They are no longer mucous and spotting, as during ovulation, but are bright scarlet in color, more abundant.

I insist that if there are any cycle disruptions, you should not hesitate to tell your gynecologist about it. It’s better to be examined again, get tested and find out the cause, than to guess at... the ensuing consequences.

The menstrual cycle is associated with many processes occurring in the female body. This is partly noticeable due to the presence of characteristic discharge. Many women are accustomed to the fact that such discharge appears before or after menstruation, because in the vast majority of cases this is normal. But if discharge with blood appears in the middle of the cycle, then what could this mean?

Mucous discharge streaked with blood is usually closely related to the menstrual cycle. This is especially often observed in the first years after the start of menstruation, when the cycle is still unstable and can change quickly. All this largely depends on hormonal fluctuations. Hormones have a decisive impact not only on the menstrual cycle, but also on the entire reproductive system of a woman.

In most cases, mucous bleeding in women is observed before and after menstruation. In the middle of the cycle they appear quite rarely. That is why this causes quite understandable fear and misunderstanding of what is happening among women. In fact, even this situation may be the norm. That is, this does not necessarily indicate the presence of any health problem.

Acyclic bleeding is relevant for. It is accompanied by rupture of the follicle - the tissue sac in the ovary where the egg matures. When it is fully mature, the follicle bursts, the egg comes out, moves along the fallopian tubes, where it meets (or does not meet) the sperm.

Mucous discharge streaked with blood is usually closely related to the menstrual cycle

If fertilization has occurred, the zygote goes to the uterus, where it attaches to one of its walls. If not, the extra layer of the endometrium of the uterus, the vessels and the egg itself disintegrate and are excreted in the form of menstruation.

Blood appears during ovulation because the follicle also needs nutrition, which is provided to it by small capillaries. Transparent selections with bloody streaks in the middle of the cycle, in this case they are a mixture of blood from the follicle with natural vaginal secretion. The fact is that at this time secretion in the vagina increases, which is due precisely to the beginning of ovulation.

A similar phenomenon is observed by approximately a third of all women who ovulate. Why not everyone? For example, because some of them simply do not notice the blood, since there is not much of it, and it is simply washed out along with the urine. The volume of discharge depends on the intensity of nutrition of the follicle. Its tissues may have many or few vessels. The more there are, and the stronger the gap, the correspondingly more blood.

If this is bloody discharge, but not menstruation, could this be possible? Unfortunately yes. It is important to understand that the ovulatory period, ideally, is not accompanied by any specific sensations that could cause discomfort, with the exception of short-term pain in one of the ovaries.

If symptoms such as:

• discharge streaked with blood in the middle of the cycle has a pronounced characteristic odor;
• the presence of pain in the side, lower abdomen or lower back, which lasts longer than a day;
• general malaise – weakness, fatigue, aches, headache;
• increased body temperature;
• The discharge is present for several days and does not seem to disappear.

This indicates that there is some kind of disease in the body, usually related to gynecology. This means that a woman’s task is to detect this disease and take all necessary measures to eliminate it.

The approach of menopause is accompanied by serious menstrual irregularities

It is also necessary to take into account such a factor as menopause. The approach of menopause is accompanied by serious disturbances in the menstrual cycle, which becomes irregular.

Because of this, discharge can appear at almost any time, but this will be considered normal, given the woman’s current condition.

But if mucus and blood come from the vagina after menopause, this is already clear evidence of a certain pathology. And which one - you will need to find out with the help of specialists.

Pathological causes

Discharge with blood, but not menstruation, is a problem that, unfortunately, is not so rare today. To establish the exact cause of this phenomenon, in order to exclude or confirm any pathology, a set of diagnostic and laboratory tests is prescribed. Be sure to check the abundance of vaginal secretions, the duration of discharge and their connection with the menstrual cycle.

The main causes of pathological discharge in the middle of the menstrual cycle can be:

Factor	Description
Allergic reaction	Many women, observing unusual discharge mixed with blood, for some reason immediately think about some serious illness. In fact, the reason may be quite banal - these are their underwear, hygiene products, lubricants and other things that come into contact with the genitals. Sometimes they may contain potential allergens, to which the body reacts accordingly. Due to allergies, the secretion intensifies and its color changes. Streaks of blood may be present if the allergy coincides with the ovulatory period.
Injuries	Traumatic damage to the vaginal mucosa also leads to rupture of small blood vessels. It is because of this that blood appears along with the secretion. Injuries can be caused in various ways: during overly intense sexual intercourse. Everything needs to be done in moderation, especially when it comes to intimacy; during surgery; at gynecological examination. This happens if medical manipulations lead to damage to the walls of the vagina. In most cases, any specific treatment for injuries (unless they are severe) will not be required. Simply because the mucous membrane regenerates well, and therefore will recover on its own in a few days. Naturally, you will need to limit sexual contacts during this time. You also need to remember that constant minor bleeding after sex may indicate erosive processes in the cervix. You will definitely need to check with a doctor.
Infectious diseases	Discharge with blood streaks that appears in the middle of the menstrual cycle, before or after menstruation, is one of the most distinct symptoms of infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. Modern medicine knows a large number of such ailments. The most common of them are trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, and ureaplasmosis. Specialists will determine what type of pathogen has settled in the body. And you should pay attention to the symptoms to prevent the disease from progressing: pain, burning and itching in the genital area; increase in local temperature; copious mucous discharge interspersed with blood; cheesy discharge (mostly relevant for candidiasis).

Various diseases of the uterus, vagina or ovaries that are not infectious in nature can also be the answer to the question of why there is blood discharge along with mucus impurities. Such ailments traditionally include:

• polyps;
• endometriosis;
• cervical dysplasia;
• erosive processes;
• various neoplasms, both benign and malignant.

Mucus discharge in women, like snot with blood, that appears in the middle of the cycle does not always indicate that there are some problems. In most cases this is normal. However, the possibility of pathology also cannot be excluded.

Bloody discharge between periods undoubtedly frightens women. But few people know that such a phenomenon in most cases is not considered a sign of the development of pathologies, but is a completely natural physiological process. However, if such discharge is recorded with a certain frequency, then, of course, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor.

What is important to know about the female body?

The female body is unique, because only in it can it arise new life. Every month, the reproductive system begins to clear itself of accumulated blood, dead cells and mucus, which is accompanied by discharge, which in gynecology is called menstruation.

During this period, the uterus rejects the inner layer of epithelium, which has been growing throughout the entire cycle. Its thickening is due to the fact that the uterus is preparing to receive a fertilized egg. But if the egg is not fertilized and dies, the need for the overgrown epithelium disappears until the next maturation of the gamete and the uterus begins to clear itself of it.

But! The process of egg maturation is also observed every month and occurs in the follicle located on the ovary. Under the influence of certain hormones, this follicle increases in size and ruptures approximately on days 12–16 of the cycle. This causes the rupture of its small capillaries, the contents of which (blood) penetrate into the vaginal cavity and exit it in small quantities. This is what causes the appearance of bloody or brown discharge between periods without pain and unpleasant odor. Such vaginal secretion is scanty, observed over several hours and does not require specific therapy.

Other causes of discharge without pain

Intermenstrual discharge can occur not only at the time of ovulation, but also for other reasons. Main role The following factors play a role in this matter:

• Psychological condition.
• Age.
• Change of climatic conditions.
• Use of contraception.

From psychological state A woman depends not only on the functioning of her reproductive system, but also on the whole organism as a whole. Lack of sleep, stress, emotional fatigue - this can lead to spotting on any day of the menstrual cycle. Moreover, it is psychological factors that can provoke the opening of severe uterine bleeding, even if the woman does not have any pathologies. Therefore, for those who often lack sleep or find themselves in stressful situations, doctors recommend taking herbal sedatives. This will avoid intermenstrual bleeding and the occurrence of various pathologies (stress is main reason development of diseases of the cardiovascular and urinary systems).

As for the age factor, in this case we are talking about young girls whose age does not exceed 16 and women over 45 years old. In the first case, the formation of the menstrual cycle is still taking place and discharge both during and between periods is the norm.

Important! If after 16 years a girl often experiences intermenstrual spotting, then she should be shown to a doctor, since such phenomena signal serious hormonal disorders in the body associated with impaired functioning of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland or adrenal glands.

In women over 45 years of age, the functions of the reproductive organs decline - their activity decreases, which, of course, affects the synthesis of sex hormones. This condition is also natural and is called menopause. It can last for more than one year and during this time the menstrual cycle is disrupted. Menstruation “shifts” and becomes irregular and scanty, delayed or occurs several times a month. All this can be supplemented:

• Increased sweating.
• Gaining weight.
• Hot flashes.
• Irregularities in blood pressure.
• Dizziness.
• Tachycardia, etc.

These unpleasant symptoms bother a woman until menopause occurs. And in order to somehow reduce the symptoms of menopause and improve a woman’s condition, doctors recommend taking special drugs, providing suppression of symptoms and accelerating the process of menopause.

A sharp change in climatic conditions also affects the functioning of the reproductive organs. In this case, menstruation may “shift”, be delayed, become scanty or heavy. And the occurrence of intermenstrual spotting is also not uncommon. However, it should be noted that when climatic conditions change, such a condition should not be observed for more than 2 months. If scanty discharge appears between menstruation and beyond, you should definitely visit a doctor. Perhaps the change in climatic conditions provoked not only menstrual irregularities, but also an exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Contraception, such as the intrauterine device (IUD) and birth control pills, can also cause discharge. When an IUD is installed, severe damage to the walls of the cervical canal occurs, and therefore, after the procedure, a woman may experience copious discharge that has scarlet color. But after a few hours their number decreases and daubing begins. Normally, it should be observed for 3–5 days. However, in some women, the healing process of the cervix is ​​delayed for a longer period, so they experience discharge for much longer.

Important! Vaginal secretion outside of menstruation, resulting from the installation of an IUD, can be observed throughout the entire cycle until the onset of menstruation. If after it it still does not go away, and abdominal pain appears, you need to visit a doctor, since such symptoms indicate severe inflammation of the cervical canal and require immediate removal of the device.

Contraceptives contain the hormone estrogen, which suppresses progesterone levels in the body and prevents pregnancy. Naturally, all this negatively affects the hormonal background, as a result of which spotting begins to appear outside of menstruation. This picture can be observed for several months until the body fully adapts to new conditions.

Important! From the moment you first take contraceptives until the body fully adapts, 2 to 3 months should pass. If after this time the woman continues to smear, she should visit a doctor. Perhaps the drug is not suitable and it is necessary to replace it, or she has certain diseases for which the use of contraceptives is contraindicated.

Discharge in the middle of the cycle can also occur due to excessive physical activity on your feet or rough sexual contact. In the first case, there is severe tension in the pelvis, due to which a small amount of blood may come out of the uterus, and in the second, damage to the mucous membranes of the vagina is observed, as a result of which they can bleed. Such discharge lasts no more than 2–3 hours and is not accompanied by abdominal pain.

Pathologies

Pathologies of the reproductive organs can provoke the appearance of not only discharge, but also:

• Pain syndrome that occurs in the abdomen.
• High temperature.
• Weakness.
• Weight loss/gain.
• Cutting in the urethra that appears when emptying the bladder, etc.

If a woman experiences a dark brown (almost black) smear outside of her period, accompanied by abdominal pain and weakness, she should immediately run to the doctor and have an ultrasound or CT scan done. These symptoms are typical for cancer. And since some of its forms progress rapidly, affecting all nearby organs, its treatment must be carried out immediately!

Ichor from the vagina outside of menstruation can also be released during the development of diseases such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. In the first case, there is a lack of thyroid hormones in the body, and in the second, there is an excess of them. Both deficiency and excess of hormones disrupt the functioning of the pelvic organs and can lead to the release of small amounts of blood.

Important! Pathologies of the thyroid gland must be treated immediately, as they can lead to the development of other diseases, including infertility and cancer!

Pink or bloody intermenstrual fluid can also appear against the background of cervical dysplasia, which is considered a precancerous condition. In the early stages of its development, this pathology is easily amenable to conservative therapy. But if the disease is neglected and its treatment is not started on time, it will lead to the development of cancer and it will be impossible to get rid of it without surgical interventions, and complications will not be long in coming.

In addition, brown or white discharge with ichor often occurs due to an ovarian cyst. This neoplasm appears in the form of a small sac, inside of which there is serous fluid. This sac also negatively affects the functioning of the ovary and its production of hormones, which leads to serious hormonal disorders.

Important! An appendage cyst is dangerous not only because of infertility, but also because of its rupture, as a result of which its contents spill into the abdominal cavity, provoking the development of peritonitis and abscess. Therefore, you should not delay the treatment of this pathology, as this can lead to serious consequences.

Cervical canal erosion is another common condition that is characterized by the appearance of brownish or bloody spotting outside of menstruation. Its treatment can be carried out both with medications and folk remedies. However, the most effective method of treating it is cauterization. This procedure allows you to completely get rid of erosion and prevent the development of complications against it.

Important! The pathology may not manifest itself for a long time, gradually growing and affecting healthy cells of the cervical canal. And if left untreated, after a certain time it can develop into cancer!

There are many reasons why a woman experiences discharge outside of her period. And to understand why they occur, you will need to visit a doctor and undergo a full examination. If pathologies were identified during it, it is necessary to urgently treat them. Otherwise, serious health problems may arise.