Main activity Group of Companies "TechnoSpetsSnab" is sale, repair And service maintenance industrial and construction equipment.

The company operates in the market industrial equipment since 2005, during which time thousands of private and public companies operating in a wide variety of industries have become our clients. We value relationships with our clients and greatly value the reputation we have earned over the course of our business. The priority in the work of employees is to treat partners, suppliers, customers and colleagues fairly. That is why we work only with proven equipment from well-established manufacturers and do not sell equipment of questionable quality. For regular customers There is a discount system.

Range The supplied equipment includes about 4,500 types of compressor, construction, pumping, painting, sandblasting, welding, heating, climate control equipment, power plants and machine tools. Our company sells as time-tested and inexpensive domestic equipment, so high-tech imported equipment from the world's most famous manufacturers.

In addition to selling equipment, our company is actively developing the sales of spare parts and Supplies to compressor equipment, power plants, pumps, welding equipment, machine tools. From stock you can buy oils, air, fuel, oil filters, separators, as well as equipment parts most susceptible to wear. For equipment that has run out of guarantee period, we can offer analogues of original consumables, which can significantly reduce operating costs.

TechnoSpetsSnab Group specialists are ready to perform installation and commissioning works the entire range of equipment sold. Ready to enter into contracts for Maintenance and repair of compressors, pumps, power plants, welding machines, machines, thermal equipment. The work is carried out throughout Russia and neighboring countries. Specialists have many years of experience work in the field of equipment maintenance and repair and annually improve their skills by undergoing training from manufacturers. We provide repair services for equipment purchased from other companies. Our company is official service center the following manufacturers with the right to diagnose and warranty repairs: Krasny Mayak (Yaroslavl), Bezhetsky plant ASO (Tver), Evan ( Nizhny Novgorod), TSS (Moscow), PSM (Yaroslavl), NZGU (Novosibirsk), Robin-Subaru (Japan) Contracor (Germany) Graco (USA), Intenso (Italy), DAB (Italy), ESPA (Spain), Pressol (Germany) ), Wacker-Neuson (Germany), MAX (Japan), General Pipe Cleaners (USA), OMISA (Italy), Ballu (Russia), Hitachi (Japan), Kraftmann (Germany), Abac (Italy), Atmos (Czech Republic), Remeza (Belarus).

Our company's equipment sales offices are located in the cities of Moscow, Samara, Saratov.

The logistics service of TechnoSpetsSnab Group of Companies will deliver the equipment as soon as possible to your site or construction site, located anywhere in Russia and Kazakhstan.

A metal-cutting machine (or more generally, a machine tool) is a technological machine on which, by removing chips from a workpiece, a part with specified dimensions, shape, relative position and surface roughness is obtained. The machines process workpieces not only made of metal, but also of other materials, so the term “metal-cutting machines” is becoming outdated and becomes conventional. A workpiece is an object of labor from which a part is made by changing the shape, size and surface properties. The latter is a product of labor - a product intended for sale (in main production) or the enterprise's own needs (in auxiliary production).

Machines can be classified according to various criteria, the main ones of which are discussed below.

According to the degree of versatility, universal, specialized and special machines are distinguished.

Universal machines(or machines general purpose) are used for processing parts of a wide range, limited only by maximum dimensions, set of tools and technological operations.

Specialized machines used for processing similar parts (pipes, couplings, crankshafts and fasteners) in a certain range of sizes.

Special machines used to process one specific part, or less often - several parts of the same type.

Specialized and special machines are used mainly in large-scale and mass production.

According to the degree of processing accuracy, machines are divided into five classes:

• normal accuracy(H); Most universal machines belong to this class;
• increased accuracy(P); in the manufacture of machines of this class based on normal precision machines, increased demands are placed on the accuracy of processing of critical parts, the quality of assembly and adjustment of the machine;
• high precision (B), achieved through special design individual components, high requirements for the precision of manufacturing parts, quality of assembly and adjustment of the machine as a whole;
• especially high precision(A), the manufacture of which is subject to even more stringent requirements than the manufacture of class B machines;
• especially accurate(C) machines, or master machines.

To ensure the accuracy of operation of machines of classes B, A and C, it is necessary to maintain production premises constant, automatically adjusted temperature and humidity values.

Based on the degree of automation, a distinction is made between mechanized and automated machines (automatic and semi-automatic).

Mechanized machine has one automated operation, such as workpiece clamping or tool feeding.

Machine, while performing processing, performs all working and auxiliary movements of the cycle technological operation and repeats them without the participation of the worker, who only observes the operation of the machine, controls the quality of processing and, if necessary, adjusts the machine, i.e. adjusts it to restore the accuracy achieved during adjustment relative position tools and workpieces, quality of the workpiece. (A cycle is understood as the period of time from the beginning to the end of a periodically repeating technological operation, regardless of the number of simultaneously manufactured parts.)

Semi-automatic- a machine operating with an automatic cycle, the repetition of which requires the intervention of a worker. For example, a worker must remove a part and install a new workpiece, and then turn on the machine to run automatically in the next cycle.

Based on the location of the spindle, machines are divided into horizontal, vertical, inclined and combined.

Depending on the weight, there are light (up to 1 t), medium (up to 10 t) and heavy (over 10 t) machines, among which particularly heavy or unique ones (over 100 t) can be distinguished.

The totality of all types and sizes of manufactured machines is called a type. To designate the model of a mass-produced machine, a classification developed by the Experimental Research Institute of Metal-Cutting Machine Tools (ENIMS) has been adopted, according to which all machines are divided into nine groups. Each group, in turn, is divided into nine types, characterizing the purpose of the machine, its layout and other features.

The machine model is indicated by three or four numbers with the addition of letters in some cases. Thus, the designation of a screw-cutting lathe model 16K20P should be deciphered as follows: screw cutting lathe(first two digits) with the height of the centers (half largest diameter processing) 200 mm, increased accuracy P and the next modification K. When designating machines with numerical control (CNC), additional letters and numbers are added, for example 16K20PFZ (ФЗ - numerical control three coordinate movements).

To designate special and specialized machines, each machine tool plant is assigned an index of one or two letters, followed by the registration number of the machine. For example, the Moscow machine tool OJSC “Krasny Proletary” has the MK index.

Control questions

1. What is a metal cutting machine?
2. How are metal-cutting machines classified according to the degree of versatility, accuracy, and automation?
3. Tell us how the machine model is designated?

Special machines are created to process specific parts or even to perform only certain operations and are mainly used in mass and large-scale production. When designing a special machine it is necessary:

a) reduce the main technological time to a minimum, which is achieved by using the most advantageous designs cutting tools, optimal cutting conditions, multi-tool processing;

b) reduce auxiliary time to a minimum - achieved by complete automation of machine control;

c) reduce to a minimum the time spent on adjustment, which is achieved by using quick-change interchangeable tools and automation of adjustment.

Adjustment and adjustment of special machines is carried out using replaceable gears, replaceable cams or copiers, which simplifies the design of the drive compared to a universal machine.

Special machines are manufactured in one copy or in a small series, so the designer, in relation to single and small-scale production, can more widely use welded structures instead of cast ones, processing of machine parts according to markings, etc.

Since special machines are used to process specific parts, we must strive to create them that can be reconfigured using already mastered machine tools in their design.

Specialized machines occupy an intermediate position between universal and special machines. These machines, with the help of replaceable devices and devices, can be switched over in a relatively short time to process another part of the same name, but with different dimensions. Therefore, specialized machines are special machines that have the ability to be reconfigured; they can also be classified as universal machines of a simplified design.

When designing a specialized machine, it is necessary to take into account the design features of both universal and special machines. Specialized machines should be created on the basis of the normal series of general-purpose machines with maximum unification of the main components and parts

IN last years requirements for the accuracy and quality of surface parts of most parts have sharply increased modern cars and instruments. Such high requirements can only be met when parts are manufactured on high-quality precision machines. Increasing the accuracy of machine tools is achieved by improving the designs of individual elements and assemblies, increasing rigidity and vibration resistance, reducing thermal deformations, increasing the accuracy of manufacturing parts and the assembly quality of machine tools.

To increase the rigidity of machine tools, you should:

a) create closed frame structures of machine tools;

b) use solid cast frames that have a box-like shape with internal partitions and diagonal ribs;

c) reduce the number of joints and improve the quality of their processing;

d) correctly design components from the point of view of rational distribution of loads in machines;

e) apply preload (preload) in joints and supports (especially spindle supports);

f) use rolling guides with a preliminary drawbar:

g) increase the diameter of the spindle, reduce the length of its console;

h) use ball and hydrostatic screw pairs in the feed supply;

i) reduce the number of links in kinematic chains;

j) increase the rigidity of tool fastening;

k) use reliable securing of moving units during processing.

To increase the vibration resistance of machine tools, you should:

a) improve their static and dynamic characteristics;

b) carry out insulation of machines in order to control the influence of external disturbances transmitted through the base;

c) use various damping devices;

d) remove sources of vibration from the machine - electric motors; pumps for hydraulic systems, lubrication and cooling systems, etc.;

e) use an adjustable electric drive to reduce the number of gears that can be sources of disturbances; especially good results!.! gives a thyristor drive with a low noise level;

f) use a split drive;

g) use high-precision bearings in spindle supports;

h) use helical gears instead of straight teeth;

i) increase manufacturing accuracy gear wheels and belt pulleys; use endless belts in belt drives High Quality;

j) choose rational processing modes and tool geometry;

k) carry out balancing of fast-rotating parts of the machine and electric motor;

l) improve the accuracy of manufacturing parts and the quality of assembly of machine tools, etc.

To reduce thermal deformations of machines, the following measures are carried out:

a) create thermosymmetric designs of machine components;

b) use structures that provide compensation for temperature deformations;

c) remove heat sources from the flock (electrical equipment, hydraulic system tanks, emulsions and lubricants);

d) intensive cooling of built-in drives is used;

e) reduce friction losses in drives;

f) select materials with similar or identical linear expansion coefficients for mating, and also use materials with low linear expansion coefficients;

g) place the hydraulic cylinder of the table drive (or other unit) next to the machine, and not under the table;

h) install devices for cooling the hydraulic system oil;

i) artificially equalize the temperature floor of the stack by heating or cooling its individual parts, etc.

The accuracy and quality of the machine’s operation are also ensured by:

a) choosing a rational layout of the machine;

b) the correct choice of materials and heat treatment for critical parts of the stack;

c) the use of rolling guides and hydrostatic guides;

d) the use of gears with a device for selecting gaps in feed chains and other assemblies;

e) the use of devices for the protection of steam regulators;

c) the use of devices for fine purification of coolant in order to improve the purity of processing;

g) the use of suction devices to remove dust from the grinding and wheel dressing zone;

h) the use of wheel wear compensation mechanisms;

i) the use of digital size indication devices;

j) the use of means of automatic control of the dimensions of parts during processing with automatic adjustment of the size;

k) high-quality aging of the basic parts of the machine;

m) hardening and grinding of guides;

m) the use of more advanced methods of fine chabrepey guides;

o) improving the general production culture.

The accuracy and roughness of surfaces machined on precision machines largely depends on the accuracy of the spindle supports. In spindle assemblies of precision machine tools, multi-load bearings are used.

Rice. 90. Methods for creating preload (dashed lines show angular contact ball bearings)

oil wedges (see Fig. 77 and 78), hydro- and aerostatic bearings and special rolling bearings.

Rolling bearings. To eliminate gaps between the rolling elements and bearing rings and increase the rigidity of the supports, reactive tension is also used. For this bearing - I ^

This equipment category includes: , . Aging of wood is carried out by brushing various wood blanks. The machines are designed for processing wooden board, linings, parquet board, window frames in order to highlight the structure of the wood.

Specialized machines are most often used in furniture production. With their help, you can highlight the structure of wood for the production of parquet, lining, wooden boards or window frames. Devices of this category also allow for high-quality metal processing of copper, steel and aluminum profiles.

A specialized machine is suitable for processing any wood-based materials. Moreover, it can also be used to work with certain types of plastics.

There are several types of specialized machines:

• Equipment for wood aging. Operating principle of the devices of this type simple enough - artificial aging the massif occurs as a result of processing its surface with abrasive brushes. Depending on the model, the machine can be equipped with 1-4 working heads for fine/coarse processing of products.
• Laser copying equipment. A 3D laser scanner is used to obtain three-dimensional models by scanning the prototype with a laser beam. Moreover, the prototype can be made from different materials, including wood, metal, plasticine, clay, plaster and foam. This type of equipment can be used to create copies of products self made or details of interior items designed according to an individual sketch. Laser copying machines work by reading information coming from a reflected laser beam. The resulting code allows you to create a three-dimensional model, exact copy original.
• Defect cutting and optimization machines are commonly used in wood sawmills. Specialized machines are designed for cross-cutting, trimming and sampling of defects found on splice lines. Such installations are characterized by a lot of advantages, the main ones of which are high productivity, affordable cost and modern design. The improved design of the clamp of a specialized machine prevents the formation of chips on the workpiece.

Specialized machines from NEVASTANKOMASH

The NEVASTANKOMASH company offers specialized machines in a wide range. We offer high-quality woodworking equipment from the world's best manufacturers.

Buy specialized machines from NEVASTANKOMASH to effectively modernize your production.

• 13
  • R2/300 - Machine for aging wood (GRIGGIO, Italy) (Width and processing height, 300 mm)
  • The remaining 13
• 1

TO category:

Design technological processes

Specialized lathes

In addition to the high-performance machines discussed above, there are also quite a large number of varieties of machines for specific turning operations, which we call "specialized" machines or even "special purpose" machines.

Rice. 1. Specialized lathe Sundstrand.

These machines are created by companies either for parts that, due to their shape or the required degree of accuracy, cannot be quickly and cost-effectively processed on the described types of machines, or to obtain particularly high productivity, or to achieve the concentration of a large number of operations on one machine.

In Fig. 1 shows a specialized machine from Sundstrand Mch. Co for turning both flanges of the rear axle housing.

We have, in this case, a centering lathe with the following major modifications:
a) front and tailstock machines are identical and represent only center holders,
b) the rotation of parts is carried out by the so-called “eentre-drive”, i.e. a drive in the middle of the part,
c) the machine is equipped with 4 supports - two front and two rear,
d) changes in the number of revolutions and feeds are made by replaceable gears,
e) idle and working movements of the calipers are automated.

Controlling the machine comes down to changing the part and putting the machine into operation.

For a clearer understanding of this operation, here are some more detailed data:

Dimensions: flange diameter - 5", part length - 53"
Material: pressed and welded sheet steel.
Allowance: 1/16 to 5/32”.
Maximum cutting length: 1%”.
Machining accuracy ±0.002” for diameter and zt0.01” for length.
Cutting speed: 100 feet per minute.
Feed per revolution: front incisors 0.017” and rear incisors 0.023”.
Capacity: 38 pcs. at one o'clock.

In Fig. 3 shows the same machine turning both ends of the axle shaft.

The drive is implemented in the same way as in the previous treatment (due to its rigid design, it also serves as a rest).

Two front calipers perform longitudinal turning of all diameters, including the cone (using a copying device).

Two rear calipers wide shaped cutters give the final profile to both ends of the axle shaft.

The following information can be provided about this operation:
Material: E.E.E. (C=0.4-0.45%).
Allowance: 3/16” (per side).
Processing accuracy: +0.005”.
Feed per revolution: 0.017".
Processing time 2 min. 25 sec. (produces 21.5 pieces per hour with operating efficiency of 85%).

The use of specialized multi-cutting machines can also be seen in turning car engine camshafts.

This processing is usually performed in 2 or 3 operations on special multi-cutting machines with 2 or 3 long supports, most often located on one side, on which the required number of cutters is installed (up to 24 or more).

Rice. 3. Turning of the axle shaft on the SundstrMd machine.

Rice. 4. Lo-Su’ing machine - for turning cam rollers (specialized).

To avoid bending of the roller from the pressure of the cutters, it is supported by one or more steady rests.

This machining is often performed in well-equipped factories on Seneca Falls Mach "Bo-Swing" multi-cutter specialty machines. Co or, for large scale production, on extended Fay Automatic Lathe machines.

The latest machines, due to the number of available devices, can also be considered specialized for this processing.

Rice. 5. Trimming the cam roller journals on a Lo-Swing machine.

In Germany, machines for this purpose are built by Haiden-riech & Harbeck.

In Fig. 5 shows the nervous operation (trimming) of turning the cam shaft on the Lo-Swing machine.

The cam roller is supported during turning by two steady rests (on the side opposite to the cutters).

Therefore, before this operation, in addition to facing and centering, two shaft bearing journals must be machined, on which the steady rest rollers must rest.

Specialized multi-cutting machines for turning a cam shaft differ from conventional multi-cutting machines by a longer bed, low center height, length, location and number of supports, steady rest arrangement and, accordingly, greater power due to the large number of simultaneously working cutters.