For large industrial or civil facilities, using only manual fire extinguishing equipment or calling a fire brigade by phone is no longer enough. A person can become a hostage in a large, smoky building and eventually die due to disorientation, and the firefighters themselves are unlikely to be able to do anything if the fire source is somewhere in the depths of the object or at a height inaccessible to fire escapes. Today, the main emphasis in firefighting is on prevention and on its own with the help of the latest technical means, and the arrived brigade may be needed only in the most difficult case.

Automatic fire alarm installation is a comprehensive solution in the issue of ensuring fire safety. The AUPS can contain a wide variety of equipment, both directly related to the process of extinguishing a fire, and not being such, but integrated to create conditions for safe evacuation. The system action algorithm is as follows:

• Identification of a source of fire or smoke;
• Notification of the personnel on duty and the announcement of a general alarm;
• Taking measures to safely remove people and simultaneously extinguish the fire if there is a fire.

For each case, AUPS is designed individually, therefore, it can have various options, from the simplest, for example, turning on an audible alarm on a sensor signal, to options when, by the decision of the system, for safety reasons, entire industrial units, units of units are turned off and other global events are carried out.

Components of AUPS

Despite the individual design, each fire alarm system consists of standard elements combined into one scheme:

1. The receiving and control panel (PPK) is the central control body of the AUPS that polls fire and smoke control sensors and coordinates the operation of the remaining alarm components, depending on the incoming information.

Dispatch control panel - a device for displaying information about the state of fire and smoke control sensors, showing the operating mode of the fire extinguishing system and remote control of the fire extinguishing system by sending appropriate commands to the control panel. The consoles are made in the form of a wall panel with LED indication indicating the mode.



2. Repeater-routers (РС) - devices designed to create a wireless connection between various elements of the system, are used when laying a cable line is impractical, as well as intermediate repeaters of the control panel radio signal when the interrogated devices are outside its coverage area.
3. - these are the executive bodies of the automatic system, which is a fire extinguisher that is triggered after the command is given by an automatic fire alarm, or the start is made by the operator manually remotely through the control panel.

4. Fire detectors (sensors) are primary fire control devices, they form an alarm signal and transmit it to the control panel. How effectively the entire system will work depends on the competent choice of the type of sensors and their placement. The detectors are subdivided according to the type of the detected event, into smoke detectors, and combined ones.

   If it is necessary to install not only fire, but also burglar alarms or ACS, it is recommended to give preference to the combined models of detectors. Thus, you can save significant funds on the purchase of equipment and consumables, since you will not need to lay separate communication lines and the aesthetics of the interior space of the object will not be affected by an excessive number of installed cameras, sensors and cable channels.

5. Fire alarms are devices that generate signals of various types to alert people about an emergency. They can be, reporting one or more voice messages about an ongoing event, or by generating light and sound signals.
6. Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are devices used to supply power to the main life support systems after the APS fire alarm automatically turns off the centralized power supply, in order to avoid a short circuit due to possible fire damage to power electrical equipment or power lines. The transfer to autonomous power supply, including the ASP itself, is carried out automatically.
7. Loops - cable communication lines between detectors and other auxiliary fire alarm devices.

The automatic fire extinguishing system has the same algorithm of operation, although it differs in details, which is influenced by the features and purpose of the facility. Before receiving a signal from the detector, AUPS is in standby mode, periodically polling all sensors and only after receiving a signal about smoke, presence of flame, or an increase in temperature, within the monitored perimeter, the transition to the operating mode occurs.

1. The signal is sent to the control and dispatch consoles, on the latter the diode corresponding to the location of the triggered sensor immediately lights up and a sound signal is given.
2. If an operator is present, then he can make a decision on his own regarding further actions, for example, turn on the extinguishing modules remotely from the remote control.
3. If a time delay is set and the transfer to manual mode is not performed, or the automatic algorithm of actions is enabled by default, then the system performs actions according to the situation.

As a rule, regardless of whether smoke or fire is detected, the electric locks of the fire exits are turned on, visible in thick smoke, and also unlocked. At the same time, fire extinguishing modules are activated, and if there are elevators at the facility, the elevators are automatically lowered to the first floor, after which the cabs are blocked with open doors. There is a power outage and an autonomous supply from the UPS is turned on.

Classification AUPS

• The threshold system is a classic version of APS, also called traditional. Here, the control panels simply determine the magnitude of the current flowing in the alarm loop, so only two events can be seen - normal mode and emergency mode - fire. Since, in addition to messages about an emergency, there is always a need to receive service messages, for example, about a failure of a loop element or a false operation, the principle of dividing the electrical resistance of the loop into different ranges is used here. Taking into account the internal resistance of the detector itself, it becomes possible to send messages about the presence of a malfunction and with a request to pay attention. In these systems, it is possible to reset the power automatically to check the actuation and detect a group of triggered detectors.
• Addressable polling - differs from the threshold signaling in that there is a cyclical interrogation of fire detectors about their status. Each detector has its own individual network address, which allows it to independently generate messages about its status, and the place of fire can be determined with an accuracy of the detector.
• Analogue addressable systems are the most progressive solution of all the previous ones, since they have additional functionality and at the same time have the qualities of address-polling ASPs. The decision on the position of the detector is made by the control panel, and not by the sensor itself, that is, the response thresholds for each of them can be set directly in the controller configuration. It becomes possible to set the flexibility of operating modes, for example, for individual rooms by setting different trigger thresholds and linking them to different events.

The use of automation in any area contributes to increased productivity, so it is not surprising that its use for fire extinguishing has an increasing trend.

Of course, the installation of such a system on your own is absolutely impossible, since at best, it will have a high false alarm rate, however, savings in safety issues are also inappropriate. Turning to qualified specialists, it is enough to invest once in order to obtain an optimal solution and in the future it will be possible to avoid large losses.

In crowded places, fires are not uncommon. They try to prevent fire hazardous situations in advance, however, this does not always work out. Sometimes you have to fight a fire that has already started. For these purposes, a special notification system is provided. In this article we will look at what AUPS is. The decoding of this abbreviation is quite simple. How does it sound? Automatic installation of a fire alarm is the AUPS, in this article we will take a closer look at the principle of its operation.

What it is?

Any fire alarm system is needed for a timely response to an emerging fire source. These installations successfully detect the location of the fire and, using the algorithm of actions laid down by the program, react to this incident. These are the functions of AUPS (the abbreviation was presented earlier).

Purpose

These complexes collect and process the data obtained in the course of work on the main parameters and output a certain signal about the beginning of a fire to the guard post or to the central control room. After that, certain actions are already taken to evacuate people and prevent a fire.

Thus, an automatic fire alarm installation, the same AUPS, is a collection of individual structural elements, each of which has its own purpose and performs certain functions in the system.

Legal and regulatory framework

As with any event to ensure safety among the population, the installation of AUPS devices is controlled by the relevant documents. These systems should be installed where the outbreak of fire can lead to the death or injury of the population.

It is regulated by Federal Laws No. 69-FZ of December 21, 1994 "On Fire Safety" and No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements".

If, during an inspection by fire authorities, it turns out that this equipment was not put into operation, then the perpetrators are responsible for this in the form of material losses or suspension of the operation of the enterprise, up to its complete closure.

System accessories

Now let's look at what AUPS consists of (the abbreviation was presented earlier).

Each system, no matter what size or area it is designed for, consists of the following components:

• detectors are sensors that detect certain changes in environmental conditions (smoke, temperature rise, etc.);
• control panel - this device collects and processes the information received from the sensors;
• annunciators - these devices act on the auditory or visual analyzer of a person and inform him that a fire has started, and it is necessary to evacuate (sirens, scoreboards, lamps, etc.).

In addition to the above, the systems use devices that provide centralized control and management. For small businesses, this is a common control panel with a limited number of commands.

Large enterprises use a more complex management system. For this, personal computers can be used, on which system control programs are installed.

Fire alarm detectors

What are they? One of the main components of a fire warning system is a fire detector. The type of the entire AUPS depends on this device. They differ among themselves in several ways, depending on:

• the principle of detection;
• method of transferring information;
• type of tracking of the monitored parameter.

Fire detectors are also divided into groups, taking into account their sensitivity to certain factors of a fire that has arisen. Allocate:

1. Smoke detectors- the most popular sensors. They react to smoke, which often accompanies fires. That is why this type of sensor is the most efficient and fastest. They are often installed indoors. These sensors are relatively inexpensive, but even dusty environments can interfere with their operation. They also do not react to black smoke, which is formed when burning rubber.
2. react to temperature changes and to the rate of these changes. Typically, in such sensors, the sensitivity threshold is 70-72 o. However, such sensors are not useful in high-ceilinged rooms or hot workshops.
3. Flame detectors are triggered when an open fire or a smoldering hearth is detected. They are used where heat and smoke detectors are impractical to use. These can be open areas or enterprises of the oil and gas industry. They are considered the most expensive, but incandescent light bulbs, solar radiation, welding or simple lightning can disrupt their performance.
4. Combined detectors. These fire detection tools affect several parameters at once, which increases their effectiveness. For example, they can react to smoke and temperature rise.

Types of installations

Today there are 3 types of AUPS (the abbreviation was presented earlier):

• Threshold fire alarm serves to ensure fire safety in residential premises and at facilities with an average and low probability of fire. This system is based on the loops to which the sensors are connected. If one sensor detects a fire source, the entire loop will be triggered, which can monitor up to 30 sensors.
• Address-polling AUPS. The essence of its work is to periodically poll the sensors, which makes it possible not to wait for a change in its state. This is done from the control panel. Thus, it is possible to periodically check the AUPS performance and troubleshoot in a timely manner. This type of system is used to ensure fire safety in offices, shops, medical and educational institutions.
• Addressable analogue AUPS. The optimal and most effective type of fire safety. The principle of operation is that the main thing here is the control panel, which performs many complex functions. This system does everything on its own, thereby reducing the time it takes to find the source of the fire.

How the device works

In the operation of each such device, there is a certain set of actions, the implementation of which is aimed at activating the warning and evacuation system, determining the place of fire and activating other components of the system.

Initially, after detecting a fire source, the system informs about the presence of a fire hazardous situation. It can be sound, light-sound or voice notification. His choice depends on how many floors there are in the building, what is the area of ​​the premises and the height of the ceilings. That is, the optimal notification system is selected.

The next step of the system is to unlock all devices that may interfere with the evacuation of people. As for the elevators in the building, they cannot be used in such a situation. A fire can damage the lift's functioning system, and you will simply find yourself in a smoke-filled trap. Therefore, all elevators are sent to the first floor and are turned off until the fire is eliminated.

After the system has given instructions for the evacuation, after a certain period of time, the fire extinguishing and smoke removal systems are connected. Depending on the purpose of the building, the system can use gas, powder, water or water-foam filling to prevent fire.

Smoke exhaust systems often work in conjunction with AUPS and in the presence of a fire alarm, they automatically remove smoke and combustion products through the ventilation, preventing them from entering the evacuation path of people.

Fire alarm requirements

According to the rules and regulations, fire safety systems must comply with a number of mandatory requirements, the functionality of the system and its operation, if necessary, depend on this:

1. The system must function around the clock in order to detect the occurrence of a fire at any time of the day or night, and at an early stage.
2. Effectively determine the location of the fire source.
3. There should be no malfunctions of devices and false positives.
4. The information should be interpreted and presented to the control panel in a concise and understandable form.
5. The system should not be shut down due to the lack of power supply. For this, a backup power supply of the system must be provided.

Assembly and installation

It is worth drawing your attention to the fact that the lives of people depend on the operation of the fire alarm system. Therefore, the installation of AUPS must be carried out by a specialist. Even if it seems to you that there is nothing difficult about it, entrust this matter to a professional.

Before installing the system, all its elements must be checked for operability. After that, the AUPS equipment receives a certificate stating that it complies with fire safety standards.

Installation of equipment is carried out according to the project and all related requirements. Also, the installed device must be licensed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations. All this will help to avoid further problems during inspections by fire authorities.

After the installation of the system, adjustment of all its mechanisms is carried out. The specialist installs a program that allows you to control the AUPS.

The last stage of the installation is the technical examination and commissioning of the system.

Maintenance

For constant monitoring of the operation of the system, scheduled inspections are provided. During these inspections, it is necessary to provide a concluded AUPS maintenance contract with an organization that has a license for this.

System maintenance should be performed at least once a month. During this, all data are entered into a special log, with the help of which it is possible to assess the entire dynamics of the operation of the equipment and draw a conclusion about its technical condition.

These frequent checks are essential to ensure reliable operation of the system. In addition, competent design and quality installation also affect the efficiency of the system. Therefore, the issues of installation and maintenance of AUPS must be approached very scrupulously, because the lives of many people can depend on it.

According to the current fire safety regulations, many warehouse and industrial buildings, office buildings and various institutions must be protected using aupt. Therefore, a detailed decoding of the aupt is required. These are automatic fire extinguishing installations that are triggered when the fire exceeds the standard values ​​in the protected area. Automatic installations perform functions. They can be activated automatically or manually.

Automatic installation of water fire extinguishing in a warehouse

Any objects can be equipped with automatic installations for extinguishing fires when personnel are located in protected objects or when it is impossible to eliminate a fire using primary means.

AUPT should ensure the achievement of the following objectives:

• elimination of fire at the facility before the appearance of critical indicators of fire resistance of structures;
• elimination of fire at the facility before the appearance of critical indicators of hazardous fire factors;
• elimination of fire at the facility before there is a risk of destruction of technological equipment;
• elimination of fire at the facility until maximum damage to property is caused.

The type of fire extinguishing composition, the method of its supply and the type of AUPT are established based on the space-planning solutions of the object, the type of combustible material and the characteristics of the environment. Often, a fire can appear in hard-to-reach areas for the delivery of foam and dispersed fire extinguishing compositions, which are supplied using stationary installations with the appearance of "shadow" areas. Therefore, stationary installations provide only the localization of the fire source. There is also other equipment designed to localize a fire (these are automatic fire protection doors and gates, water curtains, etc.). Therefore, it is additionally recommended to use it in the elimination of localized fires for operational areas of the fire department.

Varieties of aupt

Many of us ask the question: What is the aupt system? There are many types of automatic fire extinguishing systems. These include gas, powder and water AUPT.

The use of a certain type of equipment depends on the volume or area of ​​the room, the type of fire load, the type of protected devices, the possibility of replenishing, using and storing the extinguishing agent.

Water installations

The extinguishing agent used is water, which may include additives. They are often used in superficial elimination of fires in hotels, department stores, warehouses, etc. The main advantage of such systems is safety for humans. Extinguishing with water is considered an effective way to extinguish a fire because of its reliability, safety and low cost.

By the type of sprinklers, installations are sprinkler and deluge. But all systems have many disadvantages:

• significant consumption of water for extinguishing;
• the need to create capital facilities (reservoirs for back-up water storage, drainage and pumping stations, drainage, water feeder);
• the risk of damage to property and premises during the flood;
• expensive maintenance and complex equipment regulations;
• the need for electricity.

Fire extinguishing with water mist does not have such disadvantages, when the fire is eliminated by droplets up to 100 microns in diameter. In conventional fire installations, the diameter of the droplets during fire extinguishing is 0.4-2 mm, where 30% is spent on extinguishing, and the rest is spilled. And when using finely sprayed water, the fire source is reliably extinguished with insignificant costs of the extinguishing agent for 10-60 s.

Sprinkler installations

They are a pipeline system filled with a fire extinguishing solution. They are equipped with special nozzles (sprinklers), which open at the beginning of the fire and supply the extinguishing agent. Fire extinguishing with such installations begins regardless of the presence of people in the room.

Sprinkler fire extinguishing in office premises

The structure is a pipeline network with sprinklers installed under the ceilings of premises (restaurants, warehouses, sales areas, etc.), where the nozzles are opened at elevated temperatures. On large areas, sprinkler units are divided into sections, each of which is served by an individual control and signal valve.

Deluge installations

These are systems for automated water extinguishing of fires installed at high fire hazard facilities. The design of the equipment consists of a supply pipe with water or aqueous solution, deluge sprinklers and valves. The system can be activated by a dry, wet sprinkler system or by a fire alarm. Deluge installations are designed to protect the most explosive and fire hazardous places where fire spreads rapidly (facilities for the production and storage of flammable agents, nuclear and hydraulic power plants, painting chambers, etc.). Also, the equipment can be used in the role of deluge curtains, cutting off the premises with fire extinguishing composition with a wall from other objects (openings and atriums in shopping and hotel complexes).

Foam AUPT

Foam automatic installations are mainly intended for extinguishing combustible and rapidly flammable compounds in tanks, oil products, which are located outside or inside buildings.

Foam fire extinguishing in a fire hazardous production

Foam-type deluge equipment is used to protect local areas of facilities, transformers, and electrical devices. Deluge and sprinkler installations for foam and water extinguishing have a similar structure and purpose. A feature of the foam type AUPT is the presence of a container with a foaming agent and dosing devices with separate storage of the ingredients of the extinguishing composition.

Powder plants

They are used for automatic detection of fire, transmit information about it to the operator, localize and extinguish the fire.

The principle of operation of the installations is as follows: a finely dispersed powder composition is fed into the combustion area. The following fire extinguishing methods are distinguished: local in volume, volumetric and local in area.

According to fire safety standards, powder extinguishing installations are designed to equip administrative, public, warehouse and industrial facilities, electrical and technological installations. The powder has a minimal effect on the protected materials and equipment.

Local fire extinguishing with a powder system

According to the control method, the equipment is divided into:

• autonomous installations, performing their functions of detecting fires and supplying an extinguishing composition, regardless of external sources of control and power;
• automatic installations that detect a fire from a signal that is fed to the launch of the automatic control system;
• installations with manual start. The signal to start AUPT is performed manually from the fire post.

For the storage of fire extinguishing composition, equipment with powder fire extinguishing is of modular type and centralized storage.

Gas installations

They are used in detecting fires in the investigated area, they are notified of a fire and supply fire extinguishing gas. Gas-extinguished installations can perform their functions in any area of ​​the room. In comparison with other types of extinguishing, corrosion does not appear on the protected equipment, and the consequences of their use are eliminated by means of ventilation. Also, gas aupt is resistant to low and high temperatures.

Automatic gas fire extinguishing systems can be used in warehouses, in rooms with computers, for television, switching and technological equipment, in gas pumping stations, sea vessels, oil loading complexes, in explosive environments, archives, cash storage facilities.

The advantages of gas installations include safety for the ozone layer and humans, extinguishing the entire volume of the room, the absence of the greenhouse effect and pressure drops, the absence of toxic and corrosive components, prompt extinguishing, budget filling of cylinders, etc.

The operation of gas fire extinguishing installations is based on a decrease in the oxygen concentration when a non-combustible gas is added to the reaction area.

When using liquefied gases, they are released from a cylinder with a reduced temperature. Gas AUPT create a protective environment in a specific volume. Volumetric or locally-volumetric fire extinguishing is carried out when the room is filled with a certain volume of extinguishing agent. But such installations will be ineffective in eliminating the ignition of materials that burn without air, smolder or are subject to spontaneous combustion (grass flour, cotton, sawdust), powders of potassium, sodium, titanium, magnesium, etc.

In accordance with the approved Safety Rules, approved by the government decree and the "Model Rules of the UPA", automatic fire extinguishing installations should be regularly examined, monitored for serviceability, eliminated breakdowns and regularly modernize its components and assemblies.

Maintenance of fire extinguishing installations

In each company with AUPT, the manager is appointed a person responsible for performing the maintenance of the installation. Such a person must be trained and have a certificate.

The AUPT service includes the following operations:

• control of technical condition and ensuring the correct operation of the system;
• carrying out test launches of the system in accordance with the operating instructions and the Rules;
• fixation of all indicators and characteristics identified during test runs in inspection reports and special journals;
• organization of extraordinary checks and launches after unscheduled and current repairs, recording data in the log. Control of the quality and volume of the used fire extinguishing agent;
• determination of the limiting state of installations by means of tests, checks, inspections;
• development of measures related to the modernization and improvement of AUPT;
• documentation and verification with the participation of a fire inspector.

Requirements for automatic fire extinguishing installations

In accordance with the standards, all parts and assemblies of installations must have a certain color:

• green - pipes filled with water and in full readiness;
• red - locking fire mechanisms, manual start buttons;
• blue - pipes filled with air, which are in a state of readiness;
• brown - pipes with carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

After refurbishment, before operation, the installation is tested in standby mode for 3 days. The station must be closed, emergency lighting in working order.

In the premises with AUPT there must be instructions for operating personnel with a description of clear and detailed information on actions in case of fire or erroneous start-up of equipment.

The structure of automatic fire extinguishing systems includes tanks and cylinders, which must be filled. If a decrease in pressure or mass of tanks and cylinders by 10% is detected, then they are recharged or recharged.

Automatic fire alarm installation (AUPS) - a set of technical means installed at the protected object for fire detection, processing, presentation in a given form of fire notifications, special information and issuing commands to turn on the AUP, supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems, warning and control systems evacuation of people in case of fire, engineering and technological equipment, and other tech. devices.

The AUPS installation should provide automatic fire detection for the time required to turn on the fire warning systems in order to organize safe (taking into account the permissible fire risk) evacuation of people in the conditions of a particular facility.

The AUPS system should be installed at facilities where exposure to hazardous fire factors can lead to injury and (or) death of people.

AUPS is designed for continuous, round-the-clock work.

The classification of fire alarm systems is not provided for by the current TRoPB, and is based only on the classification of the used PPKP and fire detectors.

So, "non-address" AUPS is a fire alarm installation, which includes non-address PI and non-address PPKP.

Addressable AUPS is built on the basis of an addressable control panel and addressable detectors, it is possible to include conventional detectors in the addressable AUPS using special expanders or address modules.

If the detectors used in the address AUPS are also analog, then such AUPS is called address-analog.

In general, there are two ways to create AUPS at the facility. Is a centralized AUPS and an autonomous one. The centralized AUPS differs from the autonomous one by the presence of one common centralized monitoring station (CMS), where signals from various substation installations mounted on the protected object are output.

Structure of the AUPS system

The AUPS system includes the following main structural elements:

-Means for collecting and processing information- Typical AUPS is built on the basis of

control panel (PPK), which is a set of microprocessor devices in a single housing. By means of PPK, AUPS performs the functions of fire detection, indicating a triggered fire alarm loop or a specific fire detector. Also, the PPK is capable of issuing signals to control fire extinguishing systems (AUPT), a warning and evacuation control system (SOUE), a smoke protection system, an access control system (ACS), control systems for the technological equipment of an object (ventilation, air conditioning, etc.). etc.).

-Fire detection equipment(fire detectors) - By means of fire detectors, AUPS is able to timely detect fires and smoke in the premises. As a rule, the standard composition of AUPS includes manual, smoke, heat or combined detectors. Any AUPS can be performed using fire detectors of various types, based on the requirements and standards of fire safety and their locations

-Alerts(light and sound notification; notification transmission system) - AUPS should include sirens of one type or another in accordance with the requirements of governing documents. AUPS annunciators serve to alert people about a fire and inform about escape routes. According to the type of signal issued, all sirens can be divided into sound, light, speech and combined.

- Uninterruptible Power Supplies- must provide power to the AUPS system electrical receivers in standby mode for 24 hours and in the "Alarm" mode for at least 3 hours.

- Loops- AUPS loop - an electrical circuit connecting the output circuits of the detectors, including auxiliary elements and connecting wires and intended for transmitting notifications to the control panel, and in some cases for supplying power to the detectors.

The set of alarm loops is included in the linear part of the AUPS system.

Structural diagram of AUPS

One or more fire alarm loops (AL) are connected to the PPKP, into which fire detectors (PI) are connected, installed to control the fire situation (the presence of hazardous fire factors) in the premises. In the event of a fire, the PPKP receives signals from fire detectors and provides light indication and sound signaling, notifying of the arrival of an alarm signal. The alarm signal from the PPKP goes to the fire control device (PPU), which, according to the established algorithm, controls various devices, such as technical means of warning and evacuation control (SOUE), automatic fire extinguishing systems (ASPT), smoke removal, etc.

If necessary, the PS can include a PC AWP (a computer with special software, the so-called automated workstation), in this case, all events and alarms that occurred in the PS system can be printed on a printer.

To implement the interaction of the PS with other engineering systems, for example, an access control and management system (ACS), a security television system (SOT), a security and alarm system (SOTS), an information collection and processing system (SSOI), it is possible to create an integrated security system for an object, which will include the PS. Or it is possible to implement this kind of interaction with the help of a software and hardware complex (both at the software and hardware levels). Thus, technical means of fire alarm can be implemented on the basis of "hard" logic or using hardware and software (computing) means.

The AUPS can include various devices and blocks that perform various functions necessary for building a fire protection system.

The expediency of using certain methods of constructing fire alarm systems, their composition and functions are determined by the specifics of a particular object, depending on the tasks assigned to the AFS, as well as the size of the object, its configuration, operating conditions, the need to expand or integrate AFS with other systems, etc. .d.

The principle of operation of AUPS.

The substation is built on the basis of a receiving and control device, which allows receiving signals from automatic and manual, passive and active PI; control of light and sound annunciators; arming or disarming individual alarm loops; issuing “FIRE” or “MALFUNCTION” notices to the post with constant presence of the personnel on duty, issuing alarm notices to the monitoring station (central monitoring console).

To control the fire situation in the premises, PIs are installed that can detect fires, accompanied by the appearance of smoke, an increase in temperature, and other factors. To provide alarm messages in case of visual fire detection, manual PIs are installed on the escape routes.

When the detector is triggered, a corresponding message is displayed on the control panel ("Attention", "Fire", "Malfunction"). The operator, having carried out a visual control, makes a decision on the situation (calling the fire brigade, evacuating people or turning off the detector for maintenance). When the “Fire” message is transmitted, the fire warning system is automatically switched on (light and voice annunciators are switched on) and the signal is transmitted to other engineering systems of the building according to the planned algorithm.

In the event of a false alarm, the operator can turn off the notification.