Teaching a child to read. We remember the syllables. Learning to read a syllable. Merging letters into syllables. Syllable fusion. How to teach a child to read syllables. Transition from letter to syllable.

Currently, the market for children's educational literature is filled with a variety of alphabet books and primers for preschoolers. Unfortunately, many authors do not give methodological instructions on ways of teaching reading. The first pages of the manuals introduce children to some letters, then parents are invited to complete tasks together with their children such as “add syllables with the letter A and read them”, “compose, write and read syllables”, and sometimes they do not have such explanations, but simply on the pages syllables appear for reading. But how can a child read a syllable?

Thus, N.S. Zhukova in her “Primer” illustrates the fusion of consonant and vowel with the help of a “running man.” He suggests showing the first letter with a pencil (pointer), moving the pencil (pointer) to the second letter, connecting them with a “path,” while pulling the first letter until “you and the little man run along the path to the second letter.” The second letter must be read so that “the track does not break.”

We find another way to facilitate syllable fusion in the book by Yu. V. Tumalanova “Teaching Children 5-6 Years Old to Read.” The methodological part of the book suggests different variants syllable accompaniment:

The adult holds one letter in his hands, the child reads, at the same time another letter is brought from afar, and the first one “falls”, the child proceeds to read a new letter,

An adult holds letters in his hands, one high, the other lower, the child begins to read the upper letter, slowly approaching the lower one, and proceeds to read the lower one,

The adult holds a card in his hands with letters written on both sides, the child reads the letter on one side, the adult turns the card over to the other side, the child continues to read.

On the pages intended for working with children, we see the following original images of syllables:

The techniques outlined above relate to the sound analytical-synthetic method of teaching reading. “The letter I after a consonant denotes its softness, which means that in the combination VI the letter B denotes soft sound. It turns out VI." This is roughly what the chain of inference looks like when reading a syllable through sound-letter analysis. And what will the chain be like when reading, for example, the word CROCODILES? Can a child easily master reading in such a “long” way? Yes, there are children even younger preschool age who, thanks to the high organization of analytical-synthetic thinking, are able to successfully master reading in this way. But for most children this method is too difficult. It is not age appropriate cognitive activity. Even when using the auxiliary techniques outlined above, children still cannot master reading using the sound analytical-synthetic method, or the formation of reading skills is difficult, interest in classes is lost, and psychological problems(low self-esteem, protest reactions, slow development cognitive processes characteristic of a given age).

Try to read any sentence and at the same time observe how words are formed from letters. You simply reproduce different types of syllables from memory and comprehend their combinations! It is recollection that helps us read quickly, bypassing the stage of constructing chains of inferences about the sound-letter composition of a word.

Based on this, we can understand that it is easier for a child to learn to read by memorizing a system of reading units - fusion syllables. This method of teaching reading will be most successful for children of older preschool age. It is at this age that memory, all its types (auditory, visual, “movement” memory, combined, semantic, etc.) and processes (memorization, storage and reproduction of information) most actively develop and improve.

You need to memorize syllables according to the same scheme that is used when memorizing letters:

Repeated naming of a syllable by an adult;
- search for a syllable according to the instructions of an adult, followed by naming;
- independent naming - “reading” a syllable.

Of course, the child should be interested in studying. When introducing a child to syllables, you can use short fairy tales composed according to the same principle: a consonant letter, traveling, meets vowel letters on its way, all in turn, and in pairs they sing “songs” - syllables. A consonant letter can “go to the forest to pick mushrooms”, can “ride the elevator”, can “visit girlfriends - vowel letters” and much more that your imagination is capable of. You can make large letters cut out of colored cardboard with faces and handles, then the vowel and consonant letters also “take hands and sing a song together” (syllable). Don't think that you have to make up such tales for each consonant letter. The child will soon be able to tell tales about syllables himself, and will be able to name even new syllables by analogy with those he has already mastered reading.

The order in which you introduce the syllables is not important; it will be determined by the alphabet that you choose to teach your child to read. Some alphabets set the sequence of learning according to the frequency of use of letters in the language, others in accordance with the sequence of formation of sounds in children, others - according to the intention of the authors of the manuals.

After the child’s initial familiarization with syllables that can be formed using a consonant, it is necessary to create situations where the child will look for the syllable given by the adult. Write the syllables on separate pieces of paper and place them in front of the child:

Ask to bring a “brick” of KA, or KO, or CU, etc. on a truck;

- “turn” leaves with syllables into candies, treat the doll with “candy” KI, or KE, or KO, etc.;

Play “postman” - deliver “letters”-syllables to members of your family, for example: “Take it to grandma KU”, “Take a letter to PE for dad”, etc.;

Lay out the syllables on the floor, “turn” the child into an airplane, and command which airfield to land on.

You can also search for a given syllable on the pages of the alphabet or primer. In this case, the game situation may look like teaching your favorite toy to read (“Show Pinocchio the syllable PU!”, and immediately after the show - “Tell him what syllable it is”).

You can cut the syllables written on pieces of paper horizontally or diagonally (but not vertically, otherwise the syllable will be divided into letters). you give to the child top part syllable, name the syllable, ask to find the lower part, then make up the halves and name the syllable.

If the child confidently holds a pencil in his hand and knows how to write or trace letters, write with a dotted line the syllables that you are learning with the child, offer to trace the syllable you named, you can trace different syllables with pencils of different colors.

Always after completing tasks to find a syllable, ask the child what syllable it is (but not “Read what is written!”). Child in data learning situations you just need to remember the task with which syllable he performed; you yourself named this syllable when you gave the task. If the child cannot remember a syllable, offer him a choice of several answer options: “Is this GO or GU?”, “LE? BE? SE?”. This way you will protect the child from forced letter-by-letter analysis of a syllable ("G and O, will... Will... Will..."), which will cause negative emotions in him, as it will complicate the reading process. Children who get used to “seeing” individual letters in a syllable and trying to “put them together” often for a long time cannot move on to syllabic reading and reading whole words; “putting together” words from letters does not give them the opportunity to increase their reading speed.

Is it worth learning all the syllables with equal persistence? No! Pay attention to syllables that are rarely found in the Russian language (usually with the vowels Yu, Ya, E); do not insist on confident reading of these syllables if the child has difficulty remembering them. The words RYUSHA, RYASA, NETSKE and the like are not so often found in books!

A unique screen for success in teaching a child to read can be the Syllable House, which the child himself will “build” as he learns fusion syllables. To make it you will need a large sheet of paper (whatman paper, wallpaper), felt-tip pens or paints, glue and colored paper or cardboard. On a large sheet of paper you need to draw the “frame” of the house: write the vowels below horizontally (you can depict them in arched entrances), write the consonants vertically from bottom to top in the order suggested by your alphabet or primer (it will be more interesting if the consonants the letters will “stand on balconies”). The frame is ready. Now, on separate pieces of paper - “bricks” - write the syllables you are currently studying. Ask your child to find the syllables according to your assignment, determine the place of this “brick” in the house (horizontally - “floor”, vertically - “entrance”), glue the syllable in its place. Now, after practicing with a group of syllables, you can paste them into this house. This way the house will grow floor by floor, and the child will see his progress in mastering reading.

In fact, the Syllable House is an analogue of a table for reading according to Zaitsev’s method. But in this option, only those syllables that he has already begun to master will appear before the child’s eyes, and you determine the order of the syllables yourself (at your discretion or according to the order in which the letters appear in the alphabet).

Working with the table does not end there. The following exercises are carried out according to the table:

Search for a syllable according to instructions (adult names, child finds, shows, names);

Reading chains of syllables - by vowel (MA - NA - RA - LA - PA -...), by consonant (PA-PO-PU-PY-...);

Reading syllables with completion of the word (KA - porridge, KU - chicken,...);

In the future, using the table, you can guess words for the child, showing them syllable by syllable, or the child, according to his own plan or the instructions of an adult, will be able to compose words himself. In such a table, the child will see the absence of some “bricks” - ZHY, SHY, CHYA, SHCHYA, CHYU, SHCHYU. Perhaps this will be the first step in mastering Russian spelling.

Quite rarely, but such tasks are still found in notebook books. The child needs to color a picture divided into parts. Each part is signed with a syllable. Each syllable is painted with its own color.

When performing such a task, a natural possibility arises of repeatedly naming a syllable, and therefore memorizing it. Work on the task sequentially: first one syllable, then another... First, show and name the syllable yourself, determine the color to paint it, then, when the child finds and paints the corresponding detail of the picture, ask what syllable is written here.

Syllable + picture

At the stage independent reading The exercise “Syllable + picture” is used. These kinds of tasks are rarely found in textbooks, but they are very useful, as they contribute to the early formation of meaningful reading.

The child is asked to connect the picture with the syllable with which its name begins.

ATTENTION! We draw your attention to the fact that in this and subsequent exercises, words must be selected in which the pronunciation of the 1st syllable coincides with its spelling (for example, the word “vata” is suitable, but “water” is not, because it is pronounced “vada” ").

In another version of the task, different syllables are labeled under each picture; the child needs to choose the correct first syllable of the name of the object shown in the picture.

You can create such tasks yourself: use the syllables you previously wrote and select corresponding pictures from any board game or from lotto.

The most difficult ones when teaching preschoolers to read are the merging syllables, which we talked about above, but in the Russian language, in addition to merging syllables, there are other types of syllables - a reverse syllable (AM, AN...), a closed syllable (SON, CON...). .), a syllable with a combination of consonants (SLO, SKO...). Each of these types of syllables requires special attention when learning; training in naming and reading them is necessary to simplify the further transition to reading with words.

Thus, it is necessary to prevent the incorrect reading of a reverse syllable: they consist, like a merger, of a consonant and a vowel, and a preschooler can read a reverse syllable as a merger by rearranging the letters when reading (TU instead of UT). It will be useful to compare and read pairs of syllables - merged and open, consisting of the same letters (MA - AM, MU - UM, MI - IM, etc.).

When learning to read a closed syllable, invite your child to read pairs and chains of such syllables that are similar in the merger they contain (VAM - VAS - VAK - VAR - VAN, etc.) or in the “read” consonant (VAS - MAC - PAS, MOS - ICC, etc.). Similar work must also be carried out when learning to read syllables with consonant clusters (SKA - SKO - SMU - SPO, SKA - MKA - RKA - VKA - LKA, etc.) Exercises of this content, which are presented in the one you have chosen textbook, may not be enough, you can create such chains yourself. Sometimes children do not like this type of work because of some of its monotony; in this case, offer not only to read the syllable, but also to finish it to the word (SKO - soon, MOS - bridge...). This exercise is not only fun, but also develops the child’s phonemic awareness, and will also contribute to meaningful reading of words in the future.

So, when learning to read a syllable, remember!

A feature of preschool children is their physiological unpreparedness to learn the rules of syllable fusion and their use in reading.

Before the child himself can name a merging syllable, he needs to hear its name many times and practice finding the syllable according to your instructions.

If a child has difficulty naming a syllable, offer him several answer options to help, thereby preventing him from switching to letter-by-letter reading of the syllable.

The most difficult to remember are the first groups of memorized syllables; then, by analogy, the child begins to name syllables that are similar in vowel or consonant.

The pace of mastering syllables should correspond to the child’s capabilities. It is better to master a smaller number of consonants and corresponding syllables, but to automatically recognize and read the syllables.

Syllable reading skill different types Helps your child quickly learn to read whole words.

You will find an online primer (alphabet), games with letters, games for learning to read syllables, games with words and whole sentences, texts for reading. Bright, colorful pictures and a playful way of presenting the material will make reading lessons for preschoolers not only useful, but also interesting.

It is now accepted that it is time to start a full-fledged school education necessary at 6-7 years old. By this time, the baby should learn to read and write.

A preschooler of this age is already independent, knows a lot and understands almost everything. When should you teach your child to read syllables so that he is ready for school?

Important: All children are different in development, thinking and independence. Some children begin to read syllables at 5 years old, while others can do this at 4 years old.

Parents should help their child’s development: buy coloring books, colorful books and include them with animals, toys and nature.

But psychological characteristics Toddler development studies indicate that children can easily learn to read at 3 years of age. Of course, a child at three years old is still very tiny, but this age is considered a crisis in his development.

Important: Children at the age of three actively explore the world, speak well, and therefore they absorb information like a sponge. At three years of age, formation occurs logical thinking and a generalized sense of space.

First, the baby must learn the letters. Then he needs to explain that vowels and consonants are read differently: some are drawn out or sung, while others “break off.”

Important: Without this rule, the child will not understand how he needs to read syllables.

Tip: Pronounce the syllables together with the baby, combining them into simple words: ma-ma, pa-pa, mo-lo-ko. Then move on to more difficult words: cat, rap.

Hang a bright poster with pictures and letters in the children's room. It will be easier for your child to remember words if he sees them clearly.

Important: Thanks to this technique, you can activate passive memory. These workouts will allow you to subconsciously memorize syllables and words.

A child can quickly run and jump, that is, play. Therefore, he will easily learn to read while playing.

Game “Read by syllables”:

• Take the cubes with consonant letters and place them one on top of the other
• Now take the cube with the letter “a”, and alternately substituting it for the cubes with consonant letters, pronounce the resulting syllables together with the baby
• Go to the top and lower the letter "a" down, repeating the syllables again

It seems to any mother or father that they cannot teach their baby to read on their own. Parents think that this should be done by teachers who have teaching experience. But this is not so; teaching a child to read syllables at home is easy.

• If your child has an older brother or sister, use their example to show them how good it is to be able to read independently.
• Let the child choose cubes with letters, a magnetic alphabet, or a colorful poster with pictures and syllables in a toy store.
• Engage with your child exactly as much time as he or she is interested in. When the desire disappears, don't force it. Put off reading for a couple of days and then continue again
• Don't be afraid to praise your baby. He will want to please his parents and will try to read better and better every time.

Few parents know that a reading aid can be downloaded on the Internet. Exist different programs to teach a child to read syllables.

Each tab of the interface of such a program is levels. The child must pass them and by the end of all levels, he will confidently read syllables and even words.

Important: The program has a colorful design of menus and sub-items. For a child, it will seem like a game, which means it will be fun for him to learn.

How to teach a child to read syllables, video lessons?

How to teach a child to read syllables? Video lessons

Modern children are advanced and very developed. Almost every 3-4 year old child has a tablet with their favorite games. Many children's parents allow them to play around with their laptop.

Your child will enjoy watching colorful videos that teach reading. It's interesting and exciting.

Video: Learning syllables with a train. Reading syllables with kids

Important: Pronounce the syllables with your child, and after a couple of days, he will read them on his own.

Video: All episodes in a row. Fixies. Learning to read syllable by syllable. Surprise Egg Learn-A-Word! Lesson 1-10.

Important: If it is still difficult for a child to pronounce a syllable, first name the letters and then put them into a syllable.

Video: Learning to read syllables with the brownie Boo - educational video

Important: It is much easier to learn to read with a cheerful brownie. Press “Pause” on the video if your baby does not have time to repeat letters or syllables.

Video: Learning to read syllables with Peppa Pig. All series.

Important: Teachers preschool education determined the following truth: “To remember a text, you need to read it 5 times.” But it is difficult to force a small child to read the same words over and over again - it is not interesting for him.

Therefore, it is worth using special exercises to teach your child to read syllables:

• Reading a word backwards. It will be funny for your child to read the words from the end. The purpose of this exercise is to teach how to merge letters into syllables. Tell the child that Vrednyuchka came to him, who wrote the word backwards, and he needs to read this word
• Reading upside down. Place the book upside down in front of your child and read the word with him. Repeat the exercise, but only with reading not from left to right, but from right to left
• Reader "Tug". Call an older brother or sister for help. The assistant will read the words a little faster, and the baby will then repeat in a whisper. If the baby falls behind and loses a line, then stop reading and start over. Thanks to this exercise, articulation develops - fast reading and speaking the text
• Reader "Halves". Cover the lower halves of the letters with a ruler (they should be large), and let the child read the word using the upper halves. It will be difficult for him at first. Therefore, read the whole word once, and then in halves. This exercise develops anticipation - the ability to predict. This will be useful for your child to read quickly in the future.

Important: If a child performs these exercises daily, then in a couple of weeks he will be able to read even complex words well.

Games to teach your child to read syllables

Exciting games with parents, educators, other children and older brothers or sisters help the child master the material well and quickly. With this approach, the baby will perceive reading not as study, but as an exciting pastime.

• "Hide and Seek". Find simple text with large letters. Tell your child a 4-letter word and let him find it in the text and show it with his finger. If the child already reads well, then complicate the task: let him find the word, and read not it, but the next one
• "Excavations". Draw a table with letters. In it, the child must find letters and form a word. For example, a task: hidden here is what you drank today - juice, milk, cocoa
• "Good singer". Invite your child not to read the word, but to sing, drawing out the sounds. This way they will be easier to remember
• "Who, where and when". It is necessary that the baby not only read the words, but also understand their meaning. Ask him after reading to talk about the word. For example: “hare” - who is he, where does he live, what is he like?

Important: You can independently come up with interesting exercises for your little one that will teach him to read quickly and easily.

Mothers, fathers, grandfathers and grandmothers try, long before going to school, to teach their child to read. But this must be done wisely so that the child does not lose interest in learning, but develops his skills.

Advice: Start teaching your child no earlier than 3 years old. If you start reading from an earlier age, your child will not become more successful than others; he may lose interest in learning new things.

Advice: Don't try all the learning methods at once. Choose one thing and follow that path.

Advice: Start introducing your child not with letters, but with sounds - not “me”, but “m”. This way the child will quickly understand how a vowel works with a consonant.

Tips and reviews from parents on how to teach a child to read syllables

Your child is almost 5 years old and you want to teach him to read. The tips and tricks in the article will help you do this.

At what time do children begin to read syllables?

Today's requirements for a child entering first grade include various skills and abilities, including the ability to read. That is, it is assumed that by the age of 6–7 years the child can at least, but at least, know how to read.

• Process active learning It is best for a child to start reading at the age of 5, when the child already understands a lot and knows the letters. Many parents show their child a letter, sound it out, and show pictures whose names begin with this letter.
• The active and inquisitive memory of a child at this age helps him to quickly remember everything. For example, mom or dad can show the letter M or P and say that this is mom’s letter, and you need to pronounce it clearly: MaMa. And this is dad's letter: PaPa
• Fortunately, a lot of different aids have been invented to teach a child letters - from traditional cubes to magnets for boards or refrigerators. This is what letters are about

But what about syllables? After all, MaMa or PaPa are already syllables, and the child must realize this. So, we begin the process of actively teaching a five-year-old child reading skills.

How to properly teach a child to read syllables?

IMPORTANT: On initial stage It is better to avoid choosing words that contain sounds that the child does not yet know how to pronounce, for example, [р], [ш], [ш]

You need to show the child on cards or cubes that MA-MA is made up of the letters M and A, which together give MA.

Letter cubes are faithful assistants in learning to read.

• M + A = MA
• M + O = MO
• M + E = ME
• M + I = MI
• M + U = MU
• M + I = MY

In this case, you need to avoid a common mistake.

IMPORTANT: This mistake is that some parents teach their child the alphabet and at the same time, showing the letter, call it as it is called in the alphabet. At primary education In reading, letters should be named based on the sounds they make, for example, we teach a child that M is not [um], but [M], etc.

Reading open syllables in some techniques is called reading with fusion syllables, that is, consonant + vowel or soft sign. However, you should not teach your child all the two hundred merging syllables that exist in the Russian language.

Let the child just get used to the fact that this is possible, that the letters he knows can be put together, then words will be formed, at first short, then, when the child gets used to them and feels confident, you can move on to both three-syllable and polysyllabic words, and also teach reading closed syllables. So:

• we start with open syllables
• add merging syllables
• putting together short simple words from syllables
• we choose consonant sounds that are not difficult for the child, which he can already pronounce clearly

How to quickly teach a child to read syllables?

• There is not and cannot be a single recipe for how to quickly teach a child to read syllables. After all, each of them is individual in his perception, in his mental activity, in his ability to concentrate, etc.
• And parents should under no circumstances have a complex about the fact that a boy or girl from a common area or from a kindergarten group already knows how to read syllables, but your baby does not yet. You devote time to teaching him, you don’t get angry with the child because he or she cannot sit still, but only thinks about how to sneak away to his toys
• You are persistent and regularly come up with different play situations for your child, how can you read with him? If yes, then everything is fine. The baby will learn to read syllables and put them into words, it’s so interesting

How to teach a child to read syllables at home?

Of course, the environment in the developmental group or class that your child attends contributes to the fact that the child is more concentrated on learning, that he tries to imitate the child sitting next to him, and even gets involved in the competitive process.

However, such activities are not enough and it is necessary to study with the child at home.

It’s good if parents can get their child to study and have the patience to teach their child. You can take the classic primer by N.S. Zhukova and gradually show how the syllables are read. This action teaches the child discipline and the fact that he knows that there is a time for play and a time for study.
But if suddenly this doesn’t work out, then you can teach your child to read syllables in a playful way. For example, the mother is cooking in the kitchen, the baby is sitting at the table and laying out cubes or cards. Mom leads the process: show me the letter M, and now show me the letter A. Now these letters have become friends and began to play and sing together MA-MA. Then let the child “make friends” with other vowels with the letter M. And so gradually he will learn the syllables.

A program to teach a child to read syllables

Open syllables have been learned. Now we need to move on to more complex, non-singing, closed syllables, those that end in a consonant: CAT, MOUTH. And in this case, these are no longer just syllables, these are already whole words!
And, again, you need to start the reading process with simple words.

Developed by teachers various techniques and programs for teaching children to read. Among them:

• the already mentioned classic primer by N.S. Zhukova
• method of O. and S. Fedins, based on the initial training of a child to first “read in his head”, then move on to “paper” reading (their book “How to Teach a Child to Read”)
• method of teaching reading using Zaitsev's cubes
• the method of the American scientist-teacher Doman with its principle of memorizing whole words
• various computer programs and video lessons where you need to organize jumping and scattered letters and organize them into words, reconstruct words by half letters

Games to teach your child to read syllables

1. You need to prepare several pictures that depict various items or little animals. Under the pictures you can write the beginning of the word, for example, KOSH. Separately, you need to prepare cards with syllable endings of words so that the child selects the desired ending, for example, KOSH-, and the child then selects - KA = CAT
2. On two sets of cards, write any long words that a child can understand, for example, TURTLE; RASPBERRIES. Leave one card with the word intact. The child will see and read the word on it. On another card, cover or color in or cut out a syllable. Ask your child to reconstruct it from memory
3. Play "caterpillar" or "snake". For syllables, draw a new section. The adult starts the word and writes it in the “snakes” section (like a chainword). There remains one last syllable that the child must recognize and pronounce. The kid can finish it or (say it, and the adult will write it down and show it to the child)
4. Play confusion. Write the words on the cards, syllable by syllable. Cut the cards. Match the initial syllable with the necessary subsequent syllables until the child understands that the result is a real word and not a confusion
5. Write individual words on pieces of paper and match them with images or objects themselves. The child must find a written word that correlates with an image or object, for example, a ball, a spinning top, a boat, a doll, etc. When the child has found the image, let him read the word itself
6. Game "Catch the letter". Write the word, leaving space for one letter. Explain to the baby that the letter wanted to run away, and his (the baby’s) task is to find the letter, catch it and put it in place to make a word. For example, RUN_T. The kid must guess that the letter O wanted to run away

Exercises to teach a child to read syllables

It is better to learn syllables and reading using vowels, voiced consonants and sonorant sounds, that is, those that can be drawn out, for example, LllOooooshad, etc.
At a more advanced stage of learning to read and for older children, you can offer tasks:

1. On paper, write the beginnings of words in a column, and separately on cards their endings, mixing the cards. For example, the piece of paper will say DOG-
   TREE-
   MASHI-
   PES-, and on the cards - VO, - OK, - KA; - ON THE.
2. On paper with squares, encrypt the words by arranging them horizontally and diluting them with other letters, for example,
   tree
   blossom
   leaflet
   Explain to your child in advance that these will be words related to a certain topic, for example, tree/plants. Speak to him the words that you encrypted, and then let the child find them among the letters. For older children, a task is suitable when they themselves look for encrypted words, without preliminary pronunciation.

Texts by syllables for children starting to read

1. Za-yats and che-re-pa-ha (fairy tale)
   Once upon a time, we spored for-yats and che-re-pa-ha, who quickly re-e-ed the forest-well-well about-be-lives. Che-re-pa-ha set off on her way, and the hare-egg lies under a bush, laughing: “Hurry, hurry, wh- re-pa-ha, ve-equal, I’ll talk to you about you.”
   But while he was wandering around like that, che-re-pa-ha - although she was walking quietly - she appeared at the target. I rushed behind her, but it’s too late.
   He knew how to run, but he didn’t know that, lying in place, he could get away from the mess.
2. What are you sisters
   There lived sisters in the world: Zi-ma, Ves-na, Le-to and O-sen.
   Zi-ma by-la se-da-ya, be-la –ya. The weight was young, white-faced, in a green row, with blue eyes. Le-the-same in the green on-rya-de, behind-go-re-lo-e, behind-go-re-lo-e. And O-the shadow of evil-in-lo-sa-ya, in a red sha-li.
   Zi-ma, Ves-na and Le-to went to visit O-se-ni. On her table there is GRU-shi, and yab-lo-ki, and plum-you, and ar-bu-zy, and dy-ni, and white ka-ra-vai, and pa- whoops honey.
   Are the sisters going to bless O-sen?
   O-sen and says:
   No, I have to bless you. You, Zi-ma, ground the snow about-de-I-lo-at-the-wing, hid-la from De-da Mo-ro-za, you, Ves-na, po- let it rain-mi-li-va-la, you, summer, clear-but-sun-so-dry-la-lo, so that everything is ripe.
   Sisters and rads:
   We all did a good job so that people would co-br-have the gods.
3. E. Moshkovskaya “Nose, wash your face”
   Tap,
   Open up!
   Nose,
   Wow!
   Wash yourself
   Straightaway
   O-o-o-o-o!
   Wash yourself
   ears,
   my
   Neck,
   Shey, my, my
   Ho-ro-she-ko!
   My-sya,
   My-sya,
   About-li-wai-sya!
   Dirt,
   Get away!
   Dirt,
   Get away!
4. S. Kogan “Bub-li-ki”
   Ku-pi-li two bub-li-ka
   Ma-len-koy I-roch-ke.
   Every one has a bubble
   There was a hole in it.
   Two bubble-li-ka I-roch-ka
   Eat with milk
   And let the holes lie
   For later.

How to teach a child to read syllables? Video lessons

Video lesson No. 1

Video lesson No. 2

Video lesson No. 3

You need to teach your child to read from the very beginning. small age. A child should know that books exist, and in books there are many, many interesting things: fairy tales about princesses and monsters, adventures, stories about animals, and various counting rhymes and sayings.

First, the parents read to the baby, but the baby can already play with special waterproof and tear-resistant books. He is pleased to hear his native voice and fidget with the little book.
Then he leafs through the books and looks at the bright pictures. The parents read to him again, and the baby watches how everything they read to him is depicted in the picture. He remembers everything well, and then, not yet knowing how to read, he can already reproduce the content from pictures, pretending that he read it on his own.
Then the parents show and tell the baby about letters, syllables, and teach him to read. These are all processes that all children go through. Some earlier, some later. Don’t drive your baby, don’t force him to read, but teach him playfully, regularly and patiently.

Video: Learning to read

Parents who have small children are often interested in at what age can a child be taught to read syllables, and what is the best The best way for this?

Pros and cons of homeschooling

Some of the positive aspects of teaching reading at home include:

1. Floating schedule. Mother and child do not need to rush, adjust to the schedule of the teacher or courses.
2. Ability to use different techniques. Typically, teachers and training centers specialize in a narrow area. For example, they work with children only with Zaitsev’s cubes, or according to Zhukova’s method. At home, through trial and error, you can choose the most effective technique specifically for your tomboy. But this takes time.
3. Individual approach. At home they do not study in groups, but one-on-one. You can devote exactly as much time to a topic as a single student needs, without waiting for those who are lagging behind and without rushing after those who are running ahead.
4. Contact with parents is maintained. A preschooler is emotionally comfortable being with his parents in difficult moments, and learning to read is a responsible undertaking.

There are not many negative aspects, but they do exist. Among the disadvantages of learning to read at home are:

• Lack of training of parents
  Unfortunately, mothers and fathers who do not have special education, make a lot of mistakes when learning to read. For example, they name letters with overtones, make pauses between phonemes in the process of adding syllables and words. Children get used to reading incorrectly, and it is very difficult to retrain them.
• The child is not socialized
  In pedagogical centers, the child communicates with other adults, gets used to the school environment, responsibility, and learns behavior. He won't get that experience at home.

Where and how to teach a child to read is up to parents to choose. If you have a difficult financial situation, then the only thing left is home option. In this case, spend time studying books and methods of working with preschool children. This will help teach a kindergartener how to read and instill a love of literature.

Preparatory stage

It's undoubtedly difficult to try to explain something. one year old baby and teach him to pronounce words or parts of them, although it is possible. According to the latest research, experts believe that some children can start learning simple words and connecting syllables as early as 2 or 3 years old.

However, in this early age You should not overload children with information that is unnecessary for them, but give more preparatory stage: help the baby develop, learn letters.

The development of phonemic hearing is facilitated by reading and memorizing nursery rhymes, short poems and songs.

It is better to study letters.

Creative tricks for memorizing letters:

1. Trace, color, shade letters with pencils.
2. Sculpt letters from plasticine and kinetic sand.
3. Lay out letters from sticks, mosaics, cubes.

Techniques for memorizing letters for preschoolers: modeling with plasticine

When is a child ready to learn syllables?

• the baby can already pronounce words quite well;
• pronounces more or less clearly individual sounds without swallowing them;
• pronounces the letter “r”, or tries to do so;
• does not have significant distortions in pronunciation.

Why is it important that early learning reading took place in right time? We learn to read letters and syllables with speech skills. The fact is that if you teach a 2, 3 or 4 year old child to read and form letters without teaching him to speak correctly, the same errors may appear in reading tasks and in subsequent writing. In the future, the baby will confuse sounds and letter designations, and retraining is much more difficult than initially teaching correctly. Therefore, you should immediately tune in: learn syllables correctly.

Another important factor in successfully teaching preschoolers to read is the ability of children to analyze text, to understand that in front of them there are not just pictures, but letters, which, in turn, indicate specific sounds. And only then comes the realization that letters can be combined together and form syllables for learning to read. Such understanding usually comes no earlier than 4-5 years, and sometimes at 6 years old - this is the age that is considered ideal for learning. How to teach a child aged 5-6 years to read?

It’s worth noting right away that teaching preschoolers to read is a rather painstaking and responsible process. Just because they are ready to learn to read at age 5 does not mean that they will learn to read quickly and effectively. You should not immediately overload children with read information and teach them to read words syllable by syllable from morning to evening.

You should adhere to the following pace: read, repeat several times, rest.

Techniques

What is the best and effective technique learning to read? There are many opinions on this matter; a lot of arguments are put forward in favor of certain methodological developments and approaches. Most experts are inclined to believe that the first thing you should start reading by syllables is use a primer for learning to read or cubes, where letters and syllables are accompanied by colorful images.

Training using the Doman method

Glen Doman spent a long time researching the intellectual capabilities of children and came to the conclusion that basic information is stored in the brain before the age of 6, and it takes a minimum of time to master.

Cards must be shown daily, holding eye contact for a couple of seconds. The amount of material shown increases gradually. For example, in the first 3 days, show 2-3 cards, at least 2-4 times a day. For days 4-7, 5 cards each. And so on.

Don’t expect lightning-fast results, but in a month or a month and a half, the child will already know and read more than 30 words. You can start learning from diapers.

Reading by syllables

All parents own it. It was according to this system that children were taught to read in Soviet schools. First, the baby learns the alphabet, then puts them into syllables, simple words. This the best option For home process teachings. It is understandable to non-professional teachers and children. Easily digestible, brings good result in a short period of time.

Reading by warehouses

The child needs to learn vowels. Secure them firmly. Then move on to mastering consonants, while simultaneously adding melodious sounds to them for reading.

When reading, the word is divided not into syllables, but into clauses. For example, CHA-SH-KA. Each consonant is responsible for one warehouse.

The set contains 52 units of demo material. These are square cubes with syllables. They different sizes, colors. 7 of them are repeated. The cubes sound: they make noise if they have a voiced consonant written on them, they jingle if they have a voiced consonant. They cannot be used to form words that are spelled incorrectly. For example, there is no syllable ZHY, SHCHYA. The baby gains literacy skills.

In the first lessons with children 4-5 years old, you should invite them to play with blocks, without focusing on letters and syllables. The child himself will understand that they are different from each other.

In the following lessons, the child can begin to put words together according to a pattern and begin to read. It is important for parents not to force them to learn, but to give them knowledge gradually, by prompting and telling them during the game.

Zaitsev's kit includes tables. They are hung at the baby's eye level. The information is remembered automatically.

Methodology of N. Zhukova

Zhukova’s method of teaching reading for preschoolers is considered the most effective, since teaches a child to read from sounds to letters. This is important, because in this case the child learns to first hear the sounds in the word, and then the letters.

Studying the ABC book with your child, say sounds out loud, not letters: the sound “M”, not the letter “EM”, the sound “S”, not the letter “ES”. This will allow the child to avoid mistakes when connecting letters into syllables.

Zhukova’s method of teaching reading for preschoolers is considered the most effective, as it teaches the child to read from sounds to letters. This is important, because in this case the child learns to first hear the sounds in the word, and then the letters. The baby first learns to read individual letters and then connect the letters into syllables.

Nadezhda Zhukova’s primer is the most effective method of teaching reading to preschoolers

When using Zhukova’s primer, be sure to read the author’s recommendations on how to start learning correctly. They are located at the bottom of the primer page.

How to teach a child to add his first syllables?

You should not learn the alphabet in order. The first sounds with which you should start quickly learning to read are vowel sounds: “A”, “O”, “U”, “E”, “I”. Kids can pronounce them and even sing them.

Then the iotated vowels should be gradually added “I”, “E”, “Yo”, “Yu” and sound “Y”.

Having mastered vowels, you can move on to consonants. Start with sonorant and voiced consonants, gradually moving to voiceless ones.

Sonorant consonants: “L”, “M”, “N”, “R”

Voiced consonants: “B”, “C”, “G”, “D”, “F”, “Z”

Voiceless consonants: “P”, “F”, “K”, “T”, “W”, “S”, “X”, “C”, “H”, “Shch”

The study should be completed with letters “Y”, “b” and “b”– you also need to know about their existence.

How to quickly teach a child to read

How to teach a child to connect different sounds and pronounce them together?

• First teach your child to combine vowels and pronounce them together: AU, UA, OU.
• Then move on to syllables that combine vowels and consonants: MA, BA, DA.
• It is better to start teaching your child with the letters “M” and “A”, since their combination is familiar to him from birth, it underlies the simplest word - “mother”.
• Draw out the first sound, and then attach the second to it: M-M-M A-A-A, MMMAAA. Please note that in Zhukova’s ABC book the picture shows how the letter “M” runs to the letter “A” and then they are connected to form the syllable “MA”.

Primer by Nadezhda Zhukova

• After the child masters direct syllables (consonant - vowel), move on to studying reverse syllables (vowel - consonant): AM, UM, US.
• Connect letters according to the voiced - unvoiced principle, alternating and combining: PA-BA, ZA-SA.
• Read syllables starting with consonants also slowly, in a chant.
• Pronounce and read consonants as sounds: M-M-M, S-S-S.
• Teach your child first to read simple words consisting of 1 syllable:
  HOUSE, CAT, ROM.
  Then from the word 4 letters, 2 syllables: MOM, BABA, DAD, SOAP
  Then from 3 syllables or more: MILK, FORTY.
• Teach your baby to read simple texts and fairy tales with a repeating plot: “Ryaba the Hen,” “Kolobok,” “Turnip.”

Among the useful and popular methods are games for teaching reading, educational cards, courses for children 5 years old and younger. I read by syllables, in which children learn the basics of word composition in a detailed and visual form; they are taught to read books by syllables.

A set of cards “Funny syllables for children” for studying at home.

Set of cards “Funny syllables for children”

Of course, it is important not only to know how to quickly teach a child to read syllables, but also to let him understand that the words we use every day do not consist exclusively of easy elements that are convenient to pronounce, and gradually teach the child to add syllables ending in consonants sounds.

At first, children may make mistakes, long pauses, and confuse certain letters. In no case should you scold them for this, but be patient and continue learning to read step by step, using flashcards and other materials.

After some time, you will see noticeable results, since children very quickly grasp and process any information that is new to them. Very soon your child will be able to proudly declare: “I read syllables!”, and demonstrate his skills to an enthusiastic public.

This is auxiliary methodological material, necessary for learning speed reading and instilling the skill of a good rhythm of assimilation of information. The syllabary table consists of columns of vowels and consonants.

You can use it immediately after learning a new phoneme. For example, a preschooler has mastered the letter N. He can immediately begin reading syllables with this consonant. During classes, the baby will learn what an open syllable is, how syllables and words are formed. If you read syllables from the table regularly, the pace and rhythm of reading increases and literacy becomes automated.

Comparison of techniques

Comparison table of popular reading teaching methods.

Method	Benefits for home use	Disadvantages for Homeschooling
	You can practice from infancy. No need to receive additional education, teaching skills. Classes are held daily, without special preparation for parents and children.	The method is based on photo memory. In the future, you will have to teach your child to read in a more classical way.
	Suitable for hyperactive kids. The first lessons can be taught at an early age, after the child learns to sit. The technique combines the development of motor skills, speech apparatus, literacy, and phonemic hearing.	The technique is more effective when practiced in a group.
Reading by syllables	A simple technique known to all parents and grandparents. Easy for preschoolers to understand and does not require additional literature, equipment. Handmade cards, a notebook and a pen are suitable for lessons.	It is considered a universal technique, the best for Russian schools and home classes.
Reading by warehouses	Easily absorbed by children in a playful and serious form.	Most likely, the child will have to relearn at school, since reading is quite slow.
Zhukova's technique	The sound is emphasized, not the syllable. The child’s psyche is better prepared for this method. The primer is illustrated with bright pictures; it is interesting for a child to study with such a book. Zhukova does not advise rushing a child in learning to read; the transition to complex tasks is very soft and unhurried.	Parents should monitor the regularity of classes. Before starting Zhukova's alphabet lessons, you need to introduce your child to the alphabet.

Games

Game-based learning is considered the most effective. Do not waste time on educational entertainment for preschoolers, forget about boring lessons, then you will achieve success faster.

Letter learning games

• We draw letters, paint them, sculpt them.
  Use coloring books, prepare stencils yourself.
• Puzzles. Assembling letters from parts. Make the puzzles yourself and cut them into large pieces or buy teaching material at the store.
• Memory. Write down the letters on small pieces of paper. Lay out the cards on the table. Let the baby remember, then turn it over. Let him search the desired letter according to the model.
• We write on sand and semolina. Assigning letters to bulk material trains memory and motor skills at the same time.

Games for the ability to add syllables

• Collect the word. Syllables are laid out on cards in front of the preschooler. Task: collect words, one or more.
• Guess a riddle. In front of the baby there is a path of words, among them you need to find the hidden word.
• Word in word. The child is offered a long word, 12-15 letters. You need to make smaller words from it.
• Walking games. Prepare the playing field yourself. Write the letters in the empty cells. When walking the chip, the child reads the sounds, putting them into syllables.

To develop reading skills

• Sounds in a circle. Children need to come up with words that begin with the last letter of the previous word. For example, window-OSA-Album, etc.
• Reading with adults. The book is placed on the table so that the text is visible to the parent and baby. When one reads, the other follows. Stop unexpectedly and ask to continue. Attention and visual memory develop.
• We are looking for an error. Parents give the child a text with errors and catches. For example, KoSa ate all the grass in the field. Sol(b) was spilled onto the table. The child’s task is to find and correct the mistake while reading.
• Who's speaking? Animal toys and clean leaves will come in handy. Together with your child, sign the cards: Mee, Oink, Mu, etc. Empty will substitute the required syllable for the toys and read.

Exercises

• Reading "Tug"

• Divide into syllables

The game is played in orally or written. Start with simple words, gradually move on to more complex ones.

• Let's catch up with the letter

M………., A, S…………….O The baby should pull his finger along the path, pronouncing sounds.

• How the letters became friends

Draw letters and pull their handles towards each other. You can use simple arithmetic schemes C+O=CO.

• What's extra?

From the words written syllable by syllable on the sheet, you need to cross out the unnecessary. For example, apple, pear, tomato.

Books

During the homeschooling process, parents will need methodological support. To do this, you can use the following manuals:

1. O. Uzorova “ Fast learning reading."
2. N. S. Zhukova “Primer”.
3. I. Brodsky “Working ABC”.
4. G. R. Lazgdyn “Speech therapy alphabet”.
5. Kozhevnikova A. Yu. “Battlers.”
6. Teacher's aids from the set for Zaitsev's cubes and Doman's cards.

1. Name sounds to children clearly and clearly, without trying to deliberately distort them to make it easier to pronounce. When your baby hears it from you for the first time, he will remember it. Try to read clearly.
2. If mistakes occur, do not scold the children, but carefully correct them, making sure that in the end the sound is pronounced correctly, and then the whole word, even if this is already the fifth or sixth attempt.
3. As soon as you see that the baby is already tired and has difficulty perceiving new information, immediately take a break, play other educational games with him, or even better, switch his attention and just take a walk outside. Walking in the fresh air summer air have a beneficial effect on the perception of new information and improve overall well-being.
4. Make the most of games with syllables for preschoolers, interactive ways of learning in a playful way, cards. Often the words “let's play” have a magical effect on children.
Anna Rovenskaya

Teacher of Russian language and literature, employee Educational Center early development.

A year or two before school, we think about teaching our child to read. After all, we know that the sooner our preschooler learns to read, the more useful information he can get it even before he becomes a first-grader. As soon as your child learns, you can move on to learning syllables. These are the syllables for reading that can be downloaded from this page.

Syllable cards are the key to learning to read. Download, print and cut the sheet into cards, which will contain bundles of syllables consisting of a vowel and a consonant. Within a few weeks, after the child learns to read every syllable, he will be able to understand entire words in children's books.

Syllables by letter: download or print immediately

Syllables starting with "B"	Syllables starting with "B"	Syllables starting with "G"

Do not burden your child with reading all the syllables at once. For example, over the course of a week, teach your child syllables that begin with the same letter.

Syllables starting with "D"	Syllables starting with "Zh"	Syllables starting with "Z"

In the second week, start studying syllables that begin with a different letter, and simply repeat the learned syllables.

Syllables starting with "K"	Syllables starting with "L"	Syllables starting with "M"

There is an opinion that the letters different colors, in syllables for reading, only distract the child and do not contribute to rapid learning.

Syllables starting with "N"	Syllables starting with "P"	Syllables starting with "R"

If you want to solve cards with syllables quickly, then use a ruler and a wallpaper knife.

Syllables starting with "C"	Syllables starting with "T"	Syllables starting with "X"

To make the cards last a long time, and for more than one child, laminate them.

Syllables starting with "F"	Syllables starting with "C"	Syllables starting with "H"

After the preschooler learns to correctly read all the cards with syllables, you can move on to reading books in which the words are broken down into syllables.

Syllables starting with "Ш"

Syllables starting with "Ш"