Decentralized MIRINE systems are ideal for ventilation, heating and cooling of premises with high ceilings: warehouses and logistics complexes, hypermarkets, sports and industrial facilities, maintenance hangars, trade and exhibition halls, etc.

Decentralized MIRINE systems are a set of physically autonomous recirculation systems or with feed fresh air units operating from an external source of cold or heat of relatively low capacity, located with a certain degree of uniformity over the area of ​​the room directly under the ceiling. Thanks to vortex air supply technology, this type of equipment allows you to maintain optimal climatic parameters while minimizing operating energy costs.

Decentralized systems, having high adaptability, best meet the needs of large-area and volume objects.

At the same time, as calculations and existing practical experience show, decentralized systems are more economical to operate, ensuring a payback period for capital investments additional costs within 2-3 years, after which they begin to generate net profit.

The AIR-DISTRIBUTOR swirl diffuser with a variable jet angle is the main component of the decentralized MIRINE units, ensuring the quality and efficiency of air distribution

The peculiarity and main advantage of MIRINE ventilation units is the presence of a vortex diffuser AIR-DISTRIBUTOR, capable of forming a vortex jet and ensuring efficient delivery of heated air to the work area.

Thus, the AIR-DISTRIBUTOR air distributor is the main element of any decentralized ventilation unit MIRINE and acts as a destratifier. The air distributor control system, using rotating blades and a built-in electric drive, continuously adjusts the angle of rotation of the blades, taking into account air flow, installation height, as well as the temperature difference between the supplied air and the air in work area.

At the same time, the universal design of the diffuser and control systems adapts to any room with a ceiling height from 6 to 30 m. The temperature difference in height in the rooms where the MIRINE unit operates is 0.1 ° C per 1 m of height. That is, with a room height of 10m, the difference between the temperatures in the working area and in the upper part of the room will be only 1°C.

The vortex diffuser ensures the creation of a jet swirling around the circumference with a vacuum zone inside (the vacuum core). As you move away from the nozzle exit, the swirling effect intensifies due to the addition of masses of surrounding air. At some distance, the twisting effect prevails over the compression effect, which arose due to the initially formed rarefaction core. As a result, “jet collapse” occurs.

An electric drive is installed in the vortex diffuser, which changes the angle of rotation of the blades and, as a result, the swirl of the jet. Thanks to this, the automation maintains a constant jet length from the diffuser cut to the point of “jet collapse”, changing the angle of rotation of the diffuser blades depending on the temperature difference in the upper and lower zones. Thus, a constant range of the jet is ensured and a comfortable speed in the working area is maintained (0.1 - 0.2 m/s).

Advantages of decentralized ventilation

• No need to use exhaust and/or supply air ducts.
• Significantly reduced static head losses.
• Possibility of implementing both heated and cooled air supply modes.
• No drafts (increased air mobility) in the work area.
• Reducing the temperature gradient along the height of the room in air heating mode.
• Possibility of forming various micro climatic zones within the specified areas of one building volume.
• Stability of maintained microclimatic parameters regardless of external dynamic influences (opening doors and windows, wind loads, etc.)
• High reliability of the system as a whole. In the event of a temporary failure of an individual unit, the system continues to function, being integrated at the upper hierarchical control level. For a period of restoration work The address of the defective unit is systematically blocked in the general list, with subsequent removal of the blocking upon completion of the repair.
• High energy efficiency due to improved air exchange, air recirculation and heat recovery, which helps reduce the depreciation period of equipment due to low operating costs
• There is no need to use supply and exhaust ventilation chambers.
• Possibility of installation without stopping the main technological process.
• The possibility of stage-by-stage equipment of the ventilation system by consistently expanding both the functionality and the serviced production areas.

Areas of application

Warehouse and logistics complexes

Industrial premises

The best solution for ventilation of a private house is a centralized forced supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery.

OS new system is a ventilation unit equipped with fans, a heat exchanger - heat recuperator, control devices, filters, etc.

In a house with forced ventilation, air circulation occurs according to the same pattern as in buildings with natural ventilation. Fresh air from the street is supplied to living rooms Houses. Next, the air is directed through the transfer holes in the doors to the kitchen, bathrooms, dressing rooms, and storage rooms. From these rooms the air is discharged into the street through exhaust ducts.

Each room of the house must be equipped with either an exhaust or a forced ventilation duct. In some cases, both channels are installed in the room.

The only exception is boiler room ventilation, fire hazardous room in which the gas boiler is installed must be carried out using separate isolated channel natural ventilation. This is due to the need to prevent the flow of flammable gases and fire through ventilation ducts from the boiler room to other rooms.

From the forced block supply and exhaust ventilation(PPVV) fresh air from the street to supply channels enters the living rooms of the house. Then the air flows into utility rooms - kitchen, bathrooms, dressing rooms and others. From utility rooms the air is returned through the exhaust ducts back to the PPVV unit.

Two air ducts are connected to the forced supply and exhaust ventilation unit (PPVV unit) from the premises of the house.

Fresh air from the street enters the PPVV ventilation unit through the air intake, and from there through the supply air ducts into the rooms of the house. Next, through the transfer holes in the doors of the premises, the air moves into the utility rooms - the kitchen, bathrooms, dressing rooms. From utility rooms, polluted air is returned to the PPVV unit through exhaust air ducts.

In winter, two air flows, warm from the premises and cold from the street, meet (but do not mix) in the heat exchanger - the recuperator of the PPVV block. The warm outgoing air transfers heat to the air entering the house. Fresh heated air enters the premises. A heat recuperator allows you to save up to 25% of the energy spent on heating a house compared to a system without a recuperator.

The ventilation unit is usually equipped with various devices for air preparation. Filters clean the air from dust, allergenic plant pollen, and insects. The air supplied to the house can be humidified, heated, and cooled. A centralized system easily lends itself to automation of management and monitoring of its serviceability and operating mode.

Increasingly, air is drawn into the system through ground heat exchanger. This is a pipe laid in the ground below the freezing depth (1.5 - 2 m.). One end of the pipe is connected to the air intake of the ventilation unit, and the other open end is brought above the ground surface. Passing through the pipe of a ground heat exchanger, air in winter is heated by the heat of the earth, and in summer, on the contrary, it is cooled. Heating and air conditioning costs for a home with a ground heat exchanger can be reduced by another 25%.

The design principle of a ventilation system recuperator. 1 - warm air from the room; 2 - air to the street; 3 — air from the street; 4 - heated air into the room; 5 - heat exchanger; 6 and 7 - fans.

The cost of a forced ventilation system with a heat recuperator is at least 4 – 5 times more than the cost of the device natural system ventilation. The most expensive element of the system is the recovery unit.

The forced system constantly consumes electricity to operate the fans. There are costs associated with periodic filter replacement and cleaning.

However, saving thermal energy and saving heating costs pays off all costs. Moreover, the harsher the climate and the longer heating season, the faster.

In addition, the increased comfort of life in the house is also worth something.

Centralized forced ventilation with a heat recuperator in a private house is a system:

• provides the necessary air exchange in all rooms at home, regardless of atmospheric conditions;
• allows you to easily regulate and automate air exchange in wide range changes in air volume and depending on various indicators of the indoor microclimate;
• carries out the preparation of fresh air supplied to the room: filtration, heating or cooling, humidification or dehumidification;
• saves a significant amount of thermal energy through the use of a heat exchanger - a heat recuperator for exhaust air;
• consumes electricity to operate fans;
• complex technical device, the elements of which may fail;
• stops working in the absence of electricity;
• requires qualified installation and periodic maintenance;
• creates noise - demands special measures noise reduction;
• carries out constant monitoring of the serviceability and efficiency of work (air exchange, temperature and humidity);

Modern energy saving house more and more like a sealed plastic container.

To survive in such a container house, centralized supply and exhaust ventilation in the house is simply vital.

It's time for Russian developers to understand this too.

The air, saturated with pollution, moisture and heat, also passes through the ventilation unit and is thrown out through the deflector on the roof of the house.

This air circulation scheme allows you to create some overpressure, which prevents pollution from entering rooms, both from the outside - for example, and from other rooms and spaces inside the house.

The air supplied to the rooms moves into rooms with exhaust ventilation grilles through the transfer openings in the doors. This is usually the gap between the floor and the door.

In winter, in a heat exchanger - recuperator installed in the ventilation unit, the air exhausted from the house transfers part of the heat to fresh but cold air forced into the rooms.

In rooms in which a heating boiler or fireplace with an open combustion chamber is installed, using air from the room for combustion, both forced ventilation channels must be installed - supply and exhaust channels. The presence of only one exhaust duct is unacceptable, since the vacuum created in the room forced exhaust, can lead to overturning of the thrust in chimney and the entry of combustion products into the premises.

Kitchen hood pulls out money

When you turn on the kitchen hood A large amount of warm air is released into the street for the sole purpose of removing odors and other contaminants that form above kitchen stove.

To avoid heat loss, it is beneficial to abandon a conventional kitchen hood. Instead of a hood, an umbrella is installed above the kitchen stove, equipped with a fan, filters, and odor absorbers for deep air purification. After filtration, the air, purified from odors and contaminants, is sent back into the room. In addition, this solution reduces the performance requirements of the ventilation unit. This type of hood is often called a filter hood with recirculation. It should be taken into account that the savings from lower heating costs are somewhat offset due to the need to periodically replace filters in the hood.

Forced ventilation unit in a private house

The supply and exhaust ventilation unit is a rectangular housing several tens of centimeters in size.

There are two electric fans in the housing- supply and exhaust systems ventilation. Fans can work with at different speeds rotation, thereby ensuring a change in the intensity of air circulation.

For example, if there is large quantity guests turn on the maximum circulation mode, and if there are no people in the house, the ventilation can operate at minimum intensity.

Inside the ventilation unit there is a heat exchanger - a recuperator. In ventilation units installed in private houses, a cross-shaped heat exchanger is most often used. Schematic diagram the operation of such a recuperator is given in the previous article (see the link at the beginning of the article).

Two filters in the ventilation unit - one is installed at the entrance to the unit of fresh air from the street, the other - at the entrance of the exhaust air entering the unit from the house. The filter at the fresh air inlet retains fungal spores, pollen, dust, insects, etc. It cleans the air supplied to the house and, in addition, prevents clogging of the heat exchanger channels.

The filter on the exhaust air side serves only to protect the heat exchanger channels from house dust. IN different designs filter blocks can be replaceable or require periodic cleaning.

Recuperator frost protection system — required element ventilation unit.

In winter, the warm and humid air leaving the house in the recuperator is greatly cooled and water condenses from it, as in an air conditioner. On frosty days, this water can freeze, the ice will clog and even destroy the recuperator channels.

To prevent this from happening, in forced ventilation units Several methods are used to protect the recuperator from freezing:

1. When fresh air with a low temperature enters the ventilation unit the mode of intermittent supply of this air is activated. The frequency and duration of breaks in the air supply are selected so that the water in the recuperator does not freeze. The method is simple, but interruptions in the air supply reduce the efficiency of room ventilation.
2. The ventilation unit is equipped with a bypass - a bypass air duct through which fresh air cold air can take place in addition to the recuperator. During periods of low temperatures, the flow of fresh air is divided: part of the air is passed through the recuperator, and the other part through the bypass. The amount of air passing through the recuperator is adjusted so that the temperature of the recuperator allows the condensate to remain in a liquid state.
3. On frosty days, entering the ventilation unit cold air is slightly warmed up using an electric heater so as to only prevent the water in the recuperator from freezing. Heating the fresh air too much will reduce the efficiency of heat transfer in the recuperator.

The coordinated operation of all elements of forced supply and exhaust ventilation in a private house is ensured control and automatic control unit.

The ventilation system control unit allows the owner to regulate the amount and temperature of air circulating in the premises and monitor the serviceability of individual elements of the system.

More complex control units make it possible to program the ventilation operation in a daily and weekly cycle, automatically adjust the ventilation operation depending on the air temperature outside and inside the house, humidity and carbon dioxide content in the premises.

More expensive ventilation units are built into additional air preparation devices.

In winter, when the heating is turned on, the air in the house often becomes too dry.Home air humidifiers allow you to provide comfortable air humidity in residential areas.

The temperature of fresh air after the recuperator increases slightly, but on frosty winter days it remains negative. The supply of such cold air to living spaces will cause a feeling of discomfort in people, especially those near the anemostat supply ventilation. To eliminate this shortcoming The ventilation unit is often equipped with an electric supply air heater - a heater. The heater is turned on only when very low temperatures outside air.

Air heaters connected to the home heating system are also used to heat the supply air. Typically, such a heater is installed as a separate device, outside the ventilation unit.

Where to install the forced ventilation unit

It is most profitable to install the ventilation unit in a non-residential attic. In this case, the length of air ducts from the premises of the house will be minimal.

If this is not possible, then the block is installed in any other place. Usually this is a boiler room, utility room, garage or basement.

The requirements for the location of the ventilation unit are as follows:

• Free access to the unit for replacing filters, repairs and monitoring the condition of the unit.
• There are no additional requirements at the installation site to reduce the noise level from the operation of the unit.
• Minimum length of the main air ducts of the ventilation system. You should also evaluate whether it will be convenient to route the air ducts along the building structures of the house.

How to choose the right forced ventilation unit

The selection of a forced ventilation unit is carried out according to the following main parameters:

• Performance, m 3 *hour- the amount of air supplied to the house and removed from the premises per unit of time.
• Pressure is the pressure required to overcome the aerodynamic resistance created by all elements of the ventilation system.
• The efficiency (coefficient of performance) of a recuperator is an indicator of the efficiency of heat transfer to fresh air supplied to the house from the air removed from the premises.

The minimum amount of air that the ventilation unit must circulate is determined by sanitary standards. Standard air exchange values ​​for the premises of a private house are given in the previous article. The performance of the ventilation unit must be greater than the sum of the standard values ​​for all rooms of the house.

In practice, to simplify calculations and create some performance reserve, another indicator is used - the air exchange rate. This is a value indicating how many times the air in the room should be changed within an hour.

According to Russian sanitary standards The air exchange rate in a private house must be at least 0.35 once/hour

For example, the total volume of all ventilated rooms in a house is 450 m 3. Then the minimum required performance of the ventilation unit is 450 m 3 x 0.35 1 hour = 157,5 m 3 /hour.

In addition, it is necessary to check that one more condition is met - the air exchange rate in the house should not be less than 30 m 3 /hour per person living in the house. If this condition is not met, then the air exchange rate is taken to be greater than 0.35.

It is necessary to provide some reserve capacity of the ventilation unit to supply additional air to the heating boiler, fireplace, kitchen hood or in case of receiving guests. Therefore, in practice, the performance of a ventilation unit is determined by taking the air exchange rate in a private house in the range of 0.5 - 0.8 1 hour.

It should be remembered that the ventilation unit, like any pump, has a curvilinear dependence of performance on pressure. The greater the pressure ( aerodynamic drag ventilation system), the lower the performance of the ventilation unit. This means that the shorter the air ducts and the larger their cross-section, the lower the requirements for the parameters of the ventilation unit - the cheaper the unit, and less consumption electricity for ventilation.

Calculating the aerodynamic resistance of a ventilation system and determining the required pressure is a rather complex task. It is better to entrust the decision to specialists.

The correct choice of ventilation unit parameters can only be made based on calculations. Often contractors don't bother with this, and They propose to install a obviously more powerful, and therefore noisier and more expensive ventilation unit.

The size of the reduction in heating costs directly depends on the efficiency of the recuperator.

The efficiency of cross-shaped heat exchangers does not exceed 60%. In some models of ventilation units, two such heat exchangers are installed, placing them in series one after another. The efficiency of the system increases by another 20%.

The most expensive ventilation units may contain even more effective solutions- rotary heat exchangers and even heat pumps(heat pipes). The efficiency of such devices reaches 90%. In Russian conditions, with relatively low fuel prices, it will not be possible to recoup the costs of installing such units.

When choosing a ventilation unit, you should also pay attention to other parameters that are significant for the developer:

• The noise level created by the ventilation unit. If the block is placed on a wall or ceiling adjacent to the bedroom, you should choose a block with a minimum noise level or you will have to spend money on additional sound insulation.
• Maximum electric power, consumed by the electric heaters of the ventilation unit may exceed the capabilities electrical network. Think about whether it would be more profitable to heat the air using a heat exchanger connected to the heating system.
• Assess the cost of replacing filters, the frequency of their replacement and their constant availability for sale.
• If fresh air will be taken in through a ground heat exchanger, then choose a ventilation unit equipped with a bypass.

Air intake and deflector of the forced ventilation system

The air intake grille for supply ventilation is usually located in external wall at home or on the roof.
The location of the air intake is selected based on the following:

• Distance between the air inlet and the deflector through which air is discharged exhaust ventilation, must be at least 10 m. The same distance should be maintained from the chimney, sewer riser and other sources of odors and air pollution.
• The air intake is placed at a height of at least 1.5 m from the surface of the earth and 0.5 m above the snow cover.
• The air intake opening must be covered with a mesh to protect against the penetration of birds, insects, leaves, etc. into the air duct.

The air intake device through

Ventilation ducts in a private house

In the forced ventilation system of a private house, they most often use round ducts standard diameters - 100, 125, 150, 200 and 250 mm. Air duct pipes can be made of steel, aluminum or plastic.

How to determine the cross-section of an air duct

In order for the air movement in the air ducts to be silent, the flow rate in them should be approximately V=2 — 4 m/sec. It is recommended to choose a lower value for branch ducts located within the living space, and a larger value for main sections located away from the bedrooms.

Based on standard air exchange values, the required performance is determined for each point of air inlet and outlet, Q m 3 /hour.

Air duct cross-sectional area, A m 2 = Q m 3 /hour / 3600 * V m/sec(we take into account that 1 hour = 3600 sec)

Knowing the required cross-sectional area of ​​the air duct A, m 2 you can easily calculate its diameter d, m(according to the formula A = π d 2 / 4), from where: d = 2√A /π.
It is recommended to choose an air duct standard size diameter greater than the calculated one.

Air ducts rectangular section occupy less space, but have greater aerodynamic drag than round ones of the same area.

The ventilation unit is connected to rigid air duct pipes using flexible elastic pipes with a length of at least 1 m. This solution prevents the transmission of sound vibrations from the ventilation unit through pipes into the premises.

Ventilation ducts must be covered with a layer of thermal insulation. Thermal insulation of air ducts prevents the condensation of water vapor on their walls, and also prevents the transmission of sounds through the pipe.

It should be taken into account that Not only air moves through the air ducts in the house, but also sound, as well as rodents.

The walls of the air ducts, as well as the air inside them, serve as a conductor of sound. To reduce the level of transmitted noise, it is recommended to use air ducts made of elastic materials and cover the pipe walls with sound-absorbing material.

Sounds transmitted through the air are greatly attenuated as the length of the air duct increases and its cross-section decreases. Therefore, when designing the layout of air ducts and the placement of supply and exhaust openings, it is necessary to maximize the length of the air ducts connecting these openings in adjacent rooms.

To protect the ventilation unit and the premises of the house from rodents, metal grilles are installed at all inlet and outlet openings of the air ducts.

The diameter of the air ducts is selected in accordance with the calculation of the aerodynamic resistance of the ventilation system.

Air ducts of rectangular cross-section are less commonly used. Such air ducts fit more compactly into the building structures of a house, but they are less technologically advanced to manufacture and more difficult to install.

The ventilation ducts have a fairly large diameter. Therefore, even at the design stage of a new house, it is necessary to provide places in building structures For hidden gasket air ducts in the living areas of the house.

To accommodate ventilation ducts, niches are provided in the walls and channels in the ceilings. Air ducts are hidden behind suspended ceilings, in the frame shell of walls and partitions.

In the premises, the supply air ducts end with anemostats, which serve to distribute air evenly and also allow you to adjust the amount of air supplied.

Air from the premises enters the exhaust ducts through conventional grilles.

Ventilation in your city

Ventilation

Why should the ventilation in your home be worse than in your car?!

Design a modern centralized ventilation system with heat recovery for your home.

When building a house, be sure to lay the air ducts and electrical wiring provided for in the project to the central ventilation unit. After construction is completed, this will be almost impossible to do.

If the construction budget does not allow you to purchase a ventilation unit with recovery right away, leave the purchase for later. Install a cheaper supply and exhaust ventilation unit without a recuperator.

Recovery units are quickly becoming cheaper over time, and energy is becoming more expensive. Soon, a moment will inevitably come when the price of the unit, the amount of savings on heating costs, the desire for comfort and your income will allow you to purchase a recovery unit and install it in an already prepared place.