3 interrogative sentences in the present simple. Formation of interrogative and negative sentences in Present Simple and Present Continuous. Present Simple Question Types

Time Present Simple denotes action in the present in the broadest sense of the word. It is used to denote ordinary, regularly repeated or constant actions, for example, when we talk about someone's habits, daily routine, schedule, etc., i.e. Present Simple denotes actions that are currently taking place, but are not tied specifically to the moment of speech.

I live in London.
I live in London.

The meeting starts at 6 o "clock.
The meeting will begin at six o'clock.

Education Present Simple

Affirmative sentences:

Negative suggestions:

I do not play	We do not play
You do not play	You do not play
He / she / it does not play	They do not play

English verb in tense form Present Simple almost always coincides with its initial, that is, specified in the dictionary, form without a particle to... Only in the 3rd person singular does the ending need to be added to it -s:

I work - he work s

If the verb ends in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o, then the ending is added to it -es:

I wish - he wish es

To verbs in -y the ending is also added with the preceding consonant -es, a -y is replaced by -i-:

I try - he tr ies

If the verb ends in -y with a preceding vowel, then -y only the ending is saved and added -s:

I play - he play s

To build interrogative sentence, before the subject you need to put an auxiliary verb. Time Present Simple used without it, so in this case an auxiliary verb is added do(or does in 3 liters. units h.):

Do you like rock?
Do you like rock?

Does he speak Spanish?
Does he speak Spanish?

V negative sentences an auxiliary verb is also used do/does, but not before the subject, but before the verb. A negative particle is added after it. not. Do/does and not often shorten to don’t and doesn’t respectively:

I do not like black coffee.
I don't like black coffee.

She doesn "t smoke.
She does not smoke.

Note:

Auxiliary do/does can also appear in affirmative sentences. Then the sentence becomes more expressive, the verb is emotionally highlighted:

I do want to help you.
I really want to help you.

Jane does know how to cook.
Jane really knows how to cook.

In such sentences, the auxiliary verb is never abbreviated.

Use Cases Present Simple

Regular, repetitive actions:

I often go to the park.
I often go to the park.

They play tennis every weekend.
They play tennis every weekend.

Action in the present in the broad sense of the word (not necessarily at the moment of speech):

Jim studies French.
Jim is learning French.

We live in Boston.
We live in Boston.

Well-known facts:

The earth is round.
The earth is round.

The volga is the longest river in Europe.
The Volga is the longest river in Europe.

Listing the sequence of actions:

We analyze what our clients may need, develop a new product, produce a sample, improve it and sell it.
We analyze what our clients may need, develop a new product, make a sample, modify it and sell it.

Some cases of indicating the future tense (if we mean a certain schedule or plan of action, as well as in the subordinate clauses of time and conditions):

The airplane takes off at 2.30 p.m.
The plane takes off at 14:30.

When you see a big green house, turn left.
When you see a large green house, turn left.

Some examples of past tense references (in newspaper headlines, in storytelling):

Airplane crashes in Pakistan.
A plane crashed in Pakistan.

I met Lenny last week. He comes to me and says, “Hello, mister!”
I met Lenny last week. Comes up to me and says: "Great, mister!"

Answers: 1.is, is. 2.is, is. 3.is, is. 4.are, am. 5. am. 6.is, is. 7. is, is. 8.are, are, are. 9.is, is. 10.are, am. 11.is, is, is. 12.is, is. 13. is, is. 14.is. 15. is, is. 16.is. 17.is. 18.is. 19.is. 20.is, are, is, is, is, is, is, is.

Exercise 2. Write the verbs in the correct column in the third person singular in accordance with the rules of spelling.

Cook, study, clean, buy, teach, go, fry, like, discuss, watch, drink, help, copy, run, tidy, open, pay, catch, swim, ride, do, mix, listen, fly, wish, meet, marry, come.

	-es	-ies

Answers: -s: cooks, cleans, buys, likes, drinks, helps, runs, opens, pays, swims, rides, listens, meets, comes.
-es: teaches, goes, discusses, watches, catches, does, mixes, wishes.
-ies: studies, fries, copies, tidies, flies, marries.

Exercise 3. Rewrite the sentences in the third person singular using the words in brackets.

We always help our grandparents. (Mike)
They like to swim in the swimming-pool. (Andy)
I make the best pizza in our town. (Vicky)
We meet our friends every weekend. (Larry)
I know everything about cats. (Dolly)
We write wonderful poems. (Nelly)
You understand French well. (Garry)
I teach my little brother to ride a bike. (Sam)
Children often play with the ball in the yard. (Pam)
Birds sing merrily in the tree. (A bird)
You often fly to Prague. (My cousin)
They always watch TV in the evening. (His mother)
We sometimes see him in the library. (Alice)
I usually wash the car on Saturday. (My father)
You never tell lies. (Bill)

Answers: 1. Mike always helps his grandparents. 2. Andy likes to swim in the swimming-pool. 3. Vicky makes the best pizza in our town. 4. Larry meets our friends every weekend. 5. Dolly knows everything about cats. 6. Nelly writes wonderful poems. 7. Garry understands French well. 8. Sam teaches my little brother to ride a bike. 9. Pam often plays with the ball in the yard. 10. A bird sings merrily in the tree. 11. My cousin often flies to Prague. 12. His mother always watches TV in the evening. 13. Alice sometimes sees him in the library. 14. My father usually washes the car on Saturday. 15. Bill never tells lies.

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate parenthetical words.

... likes to watch shows on TV. (I / you / she)
… Gather berries in the wood in summer. (he / we / it)
... water the flowers three times a week. (I / she / he)
… Usually drinks tea in the morning. (I / he / they)
… Prefers to stay at home in the evening. (I / my sister / mу cousins)
… Works properly, (you / the workers / my watch)
… Never wears a scarf in winter. (Rita / we / my friends)
... mend the roof of the house every summer, (his uncle / you / my grandfather)
… Spend winter holidays in the mountains. (her cousins / she / Fred)
… Sometimes goes to the theater. (my Granny / my parents / tu sisters)

Answers: 1. She; 2. We; 3. I; 4. He; 5. My sister; 6. My watch; 7. Rita; 8. You; 9. Her cousins; 10. My Granny.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

Frank sometimes… (to drink) milk for breakfast.
They… (fo like) to skate in winter.
My friends and me sometimes ... (to walk) in the park after school.
His parents… (to spend) their vacations in the countryside.
Her brother… (to work) as a security officer.
The lessons in our school ... (to start) at eight o'clock.
Monica… (to walk) her dog twice a day.
We sometimes… (to play) a game of chess in the evening.
My Granny usually ... (to buy) vegetables at the market.
This show always… (to begin) at five o'clock.
My cousins often… (to visit) me at weekends.
Susan usually… (to have) a shower in the morning.
It often… (to rain) in autumn.
This car… (to cost) too much for us.
You sometimes… (to take) your children to the theme park.

Answers: 1. drinks; 2. like; 3. walk; 4. spend; 5. works; 6.start; 7. walks; 8. play; 9. buys; 10. begins; 11. visit; 12. has; 13. rains; 14. costs; 15. take.

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences don’t or doesn’t.

You… understand my idea.
Your brother… often wash his car.
My parents… get up late on week-days.
I ... buy a lot of sweets for my children.
Kate ... know the rules of this game.
Carol and Pam ... eat much for breakfast.
Her uncle… wear jeans.
My sister and me ... want to go skating.
I… expect you to follow my advice.
Little Johnny ... like to play alone.
The car engine… work properly.
My classmates… take part in this competition.
This article… contain any useful information.
These apples… look fresh.
Some people ... like to travel by plane.

Answers: 1. don’t; 2. doesn’t; 3. don’t; 4. don’t; 5. doesn’t; 6. don’t; 7. doesn’t; 8. don’t; 9. don’t; 10. doesn’t; 11.doesn't; 12. don’t; 13. doesn’t;
14.don't; 15. don’t.

Exercise 7. Make sentences negative.

Martin often goes fishing in summer.
You always buy fresh newspapers.
His mother bakes tasty pies.
This fruit salad tastes delicious.
Pineapples grow in trees.
My dog eats tomatoes and pears.
People know a lot about the life on other planets.
I always travel with my grandparents.
They plant flowers and trees every spring.
Girls always like to do the washing-up.

Answers: 1. Martin doesn’t often go fishing in summer. 2. You don’t always buy fresh newspapers. 3. His mother doesn’t bake tasty pies. 4.This fruit salad doesn’t taste delicious. 5.Pineapples don’t grow in trees. 6.My dog doesn’t eat tomatoes and pears. 7.People don’t know a lot about the life on other planets. 8. I don’t always travel with my grandparents. 9.They don’t plant flowers and trees every spring. 10. Girls don’t always like to do the washing-up.

Exercise 8. Complete don’t or doesn’t sentences and answer yes and no to questions.

… You like to travel?
… Your friend go in for sports?
… Your parents like to play computer games?
… Your father drive a car?
... your mother watch the news on TV in the evening?
... your classmates always come to school in time?
... your grandparents live in the country?
... your mother often meet her friends?
… You have a dream?
... you often visit your grandparents?

Answers: 1. Do you like to travel? - Yes, I do./No, I don’t. 2. Does your friend go in for sport? - Yes, he (she) does./No, he (she) doesn’t. 3. Do your parents like to play computer games? - Yes, they do./No, they don’t. 4. Does your father drive a car? - Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
5. Does your mother watch the news on TV in the evening? - Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t. 6. Do your classmates always come to school in time? - Yes, they do./No, they don’t. 7. Do your grandparents live in the country? - Yes, they do./No, they don’t. 8. Does your mother often meet her friends? - Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t. 9. Do you have a dream? - Yes, I do./No, I don’t. 10. Do you often visit your grandparents? - Yes, I do./No, I don’t.

Exercise 9. Make sentences interrogative.

Liz and her sister often go skating to the skating-rink.
Our teacher always prepares us for tests.
Her dog likes to sleep on the sofa.
We usually make photos for the school newspaper.
Den often goes on a ride with his friends.
Ted and Victor prefer to travel by car.
It often rains in spring.
His sister runs a small cafe.
The Harrods usually visit their relatives in the country.
All children like sweets and ice cream.

Answers: 1. Do Liz and her sister often go skating to the skating-rink? 2.Does our teacher always prepare us for tests? 3.Does her dog like to sleep on the sofa? 4.Do we usually make photos for the school newspaper? 5.Does Den often go on a ride with his friends? 6.Do Ted and Victor prefer to travel by car? 7. Does it often rain in spring? 8.Does his sister run a small cafe? 9.Do the Harrods usually visit their relatives in the country? 10. Do all children like sweets and ice cream?

Exercise 10. Make sentences in the correct order.

help / sister / with / your / washing-up / Does / you?
on / early / He / Sunday / up / hates / get / to.
much / the / don't / seaside / at / We / time / spend.
changes / spring / The / often / in / weather.
you / relatives / visit / Do / often / your?
phone / doesn't / my / He / number / know.
any / in / vegetables / grandparents / summer / her / Do / grow?
often / trips / towns / goes / cousin / to / business / My / on / other.
you / before / hands / always / wash / Do / meals / your?
sugar / drink / My / without / tea / doesn’t / mother.

Answers: 1) Does your sister help you with washing-up? 2) He hates to get up early on Sunday. 3) We don’t spend much time at the seaside. 4) The weather often changes in spring. 5) Do you often visit your relatives? 6) He doesn't know my phone number. 7) Do her grandparents grow any vegetables in summer? 8) My cousin often goes on business trips to other towns. 9) Do you always wash your hands before meals?
10) My mother doesn’t drink tea without sugar.

Exercise 11. Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form.

Where… your brother usually… (to go) after classes? - He usually ... (to go) to the swimming-pool. He… (to have) trainings four times a week.
Why… your sister always… (to get up) so early in the morning? - Because she… (to help) my mother to cook breakfast for the whole family.-… you… (not to cook) breakfast for yourself? - No, I…. I usually ... (to walk) the dog before going to school.
What… you usually… (to do) on Saturdays? - Well, in the morning I… (to go) shopping with my mother and then I… (to take) my younger sister to the Art Studio. She… (topaint) very well and… (to dream) of becoming a designer.-… you… (to meet) your friends on Saturdays? - Of course, I…. We often ... (to go) to the cinema or to the disco on Saturday evenings.
Why… Fred… (to need) to buy flowers? - It… (to be) his sister’s birthday today. She… (to love) flowers and Fred… (to believe) it… (to be) the best present for her.
What time… this program… (to start)? - It always… (to start) at eight in the evening.-… you always… (to watch) it? - No, I… (not always to watch) it because sometimes I have to meet my younger brother at the tram stop. He often… (to return) from the football training at this time.

Answers: 1. Where does your brother usually go after classes? - He usually goes to the swimming-pool. He has trainings four times a week. 2. Why does your sister always get up so early in the morning? - Because she helps my mother to cook breakfast for the whole family. - Don’t you cook breakfast for yourself? - No, I don’t. I usually walk the dog before going to school. 3. What do you usually do on Saturdays? - Well, in the morning I go shopping with my mother and then I take my younger sister to the Art Studio. She paints very well and dreams of becoming a designer.- Do you meet your friends on Saturdays? - Of course, I do. We often go to the cinema or to the disco on Saturday evenings. 4. Why does Fred need to buy flowers? - It is his sister’s birthday today. She loves flowers and Fred believes it is the best present for her. 5. What time does this program start? - It always starts at eight in the evening. - Do you always watch it? - No, I don’t always watch it because sometimes I have to meet my younger brother at the tram stop. He often returns from the football training at this time.

WELL DONE!

Present Simple (Indefinite) is translated into Russian as a simple (indefinite) time. Present Simple can have three forms - affirmative, negative and interrogative.

Formation of affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences Present Simple

In English, Present Simple is an infinitive without a to. In the third person singular, the suffix -s or -es must be added to the verb:

I / you / we / they work. - He / she / it works. I work / you work / we work / they work - He / she / it works.

When negative sentences are formed, the auxiliary verb do and does appear with a negative particle not:

I / you / we / they don’t want to eat soup. - I don’t want / you don’t want / we don’t want / they don’t want to eat soup. He / she / it doesn’t want to eat soup. - He / she / it (for example, an animal) does not want to eat soup.

Interrogative sentences in English in Present Simple are also formed using the auxiliary verb do / does, which is used only with semantic verbs. The word order in such sentences is as follows: 1. Auxiliary verb 2. Subject 3. Main verb 4. Appendix 5. Circumstance:

Do you like reading books in the evening? - Do you like reading books in the evening?

If there is a modal verb in a sentence, for example, can - to be able, or a linking verb to be, then the modal verb itself and the verb to be come out on top.

Can you swim well? - Are you good at swimming?
Are you a good swimmer? - Are you a good swimmer?

The verb to be in Russian is translated as “to be, to be”. In Present Simple, it has three forms - am / is / are. In English, it can be either a semantic verb or a linking verb.

The book is on the table. - A book on the table (semantic verb).
The weather is bad. - The weather is bad (linking verb).

In negative and interrogative sentences, the verb to be does not require the use of an auxiliary verb.

He is not a pupil. - He's not a schoolboy.
Are you a teacher? - You're a teacher?

The question often arises, when is it necessary to use the auxiliary verb to do, and when the verb to be? The answer is simple: if the sentence contains a verb and it expresses an action, then we need the verb to do, and if the sentence expresses a state, then to be.

Examples:
He plays. - Does he play? - He plays?
She works. - Does she work? - She works?
She is a student. - Is she a student? - She's a student?
We are tired. - Are we tired? - We are tired?

Present Simple: Questions.

There are 5 types of questions in English: 1. General Questions 2. Special Questions 3. Alternative Questions 4. Disjunctive Questions 5. Subject Questions. Below we will consider each group in more detail.

1. General Questions

This type of question, also called Yes - No question, involves confirming or refuting the content of the statement. That is, the question can be answered briefly yes or no.

The word order in this type of question can be as follows:

2. Special Questions

A special question is a question to a specific member of the proposal. This type of question is also called Wh-question, and it serves to find out detailed information. Such a question cannot be simply answered “yes” or “no”.

Interrogative words include:
What? - what?
Who? - who?
When? - when?
Where? - where?
Why? - why?
Which? - which the?
Whose? - whose?

Examples of special questions in Present Simple:

3. Alternative Questions

The alternative question in Present Simple involves a choice between two options, offering one of the possible answers.

There are three options for constructing alternative questions:

Alternative questions ending in ... or not? - … or not? , (may express impatience or irritation)
It's 9 o'clock already. Are you ready or not? - It's already 9 o'clock. Are you ready or not?
Alternative questions constructed using a general or specific question.
Do you work as a translator or interpreter? - Do you work as a translator or interpreter? (1st general question + or + 2nd general question in abbreviated form)

Which is your article: this one or that one? - Which article is yours: this or that? (Special question + homogeneous members joined by a union or)

An abbreviated alternative question that can be heard informally.
Coffee or tea? - Coffee or tea? (Obviously there is a choice of drinks)

As with special questions, the answer to the alternate question must be complete.

4. Disjunctive Questions

The dividing question, as a rule, consists of two parts: expanded (narrative) and abbreviated (interrogative). The interrogative part is a short general question that consists of an auxiliary verb, a modal verb or a linking verb, and a pronoun replacing the subject from the narrative part. This part is translated into Russian as “right? is not it? after all?".

If in the narrative part of the dividing question:

the verb is in the affirmative form, then in the second part the auxiliary verb will have a negation and vice versa.
She goes to school, doesn’t she? - She goes to school, doesn't she?
He is a teacher, isn’t he? “He’s a teacher, right?
Mary can’t swim, can she? - Mary can't swim, right?
if the indefinite pronouns anyone, everyone, someone, or the negative pronouns no one, nobody are used, then in the interrogative part there is a personal pronoun of the 3rd person pl. they:
Everyone knows about it, don’t they? “Everyone knows about it, doesn't it?
if negative pronouns nothing, none, or adverbs nowhere, barely, hardly, never, rarely, seldom are used, then the verb in the interrogative part will be in positive form:
He rarely goes there, does he? “He rarely goes there, right?
if there is an impulse, for example, let’s, then the verb shall appear in the interrogative part:
Let’s go for a walk at 7, shall we? - Let's go for a walk at 7, okay?

5. Subject Questions

In English, questions about a subject can be asked using the question words who and what. Typically, who is used with animate nouns, and what is used with inanimate. It should be noted that in questions to the subject the direct word order:

There is also another option for constructing questions to the subject:

So, the options were considered in detail, how and what questions can be asked in Present Simple.

In addition, it is worth mentioning the present simple tense markers, which can also be used in the Present Simple interrogative sentences.

Always - always
Usually - usually
Generally - usually
Seldom - rarely
Sometimes - sometimes
Never - never
Often - often
Every day / week / month - every day / every week / every month
Once / twice / three times a week / a month / a year - one / two / three times a week / month / year

Does she often go to the doctor? - Does she often go to the doctor?

How often does he usually play tennis? - How often does he usually play tennis?

Do you sometimes go shopping with your Mom? - Do you sometimes go shopping with your mom?

Are you always a good student? - Are you always an exemplary student?

Present simple is the easiest time in English.

So,

How to ask a question in Present Simple

Take a look at the word order. Click to enlarge.

To ask a question in simple present tense, at the beginning of the question, we put -Do-

Do you hear me? Can you hear me?
Do they sleep? They are sleeping?

If you need to ask a question about Him / Her, add -s- to do

Does she sing? She sings?
Does he smoke? He smokes?

Interrogative sentences examples in presentation simple

1. Are they happy? They are happy?
2. Does your dog like cheese? Does your dog like cheese?
3. Does your mum read magazines? Does your mom read magazines?
4. How do children get to school in China How do children get to school in China?
5. Does he drive a BMW? Does he drive a BMW?

6. Is he a good man? He's a good man?
7. Do you have any pets in your class? Do you have pets in the classroom?
8. Does she like Brad Pitt? Does your sister like Brad Pete?
9. Do they teach French? Do they teach French?
10. Does Kate work every day? Does Katya work every day?

Question words: who? what? where? where? when? why? how? put at the beginning of the sentence.
What? When? Where? Who? How? How many? How much? Why?

1. What time do you go to bed? When do you go to bed?
2. What do they like for breakfast? What do they like to eat for breakfast?
3. What is the time? What time is it now?
4. What can you draw? What can you draw?
5. Where does he go on vacations? Where is he going on vacation?

6. What kind of a pen do you want? What kind of pen do you want?
7. What do you do on Sundays? What do you do on Sundays?
8. Why do you drink so much water? Why are you drinking so much water?
9. When do your parents have lunch? When are your parents having lunch?
10. How many days a week does she work? How many days a week does she work?

PRESENT SIMPLE EXERCISES - Asking Questions

Exercise # 1 Ask questions in English in simple present tense

1. Are your parents at home?
2. What do you mean?
3. Do you remember my sister?
4. What day is it today?
5. Can you hear me?
6. Does he smoke?
7. What does the cat eat?
8. Do you work?
9. Does she care about you?
10. What time do you get up?

Correct answers for exercise # 1

1. Are your parents at home?
2. What do you mean?
3. Do you remember my sister?
4. What’s the date today?
5. Do you hear me?
6. Does he smoke?
7. What does a cat eat?
8. Do you work?
9. Does she care about you?
10. What time do you get up?

Exercise 2. Paste missing do / does / is / are

1. Where ___ you? Where are you?
2. ___ you have a family? Do you have a family?
3. ___ you work? Do you work?
4.___ you jog? You run? / in the morning or at the gym /
5. What city ___ you live in? What city do you live in?

6. ___ you work or study? You study or work?
7. Where ___ the children? Where are the children?
8.___ she like dogs? Does she like dogs?
9.___ he live in Japan? Does he live in Japan?
10. ___ your last name Ivanov? Is your last name Ivanov?

In English, unlike Russian,. But the British often use only half of them. The most popular time among all English-speaking inhabitants of our planet is, translated as Simple Present. It is used to describe things that are done on a regular basis, when describing habits and hobbies. And if everything is clear with the affirmative form of this time, and it will not be difficult to build sentences in Present Simple, then problems may arise with the preparation of interrogative sentences. Let's see how questions are formed in Present Simple.

Education rule Present Simple questions

To correctly compose interrogative sentences, we put the helper verb do (for I, we, you, they) or does (for he, she, it) in the first place. The rest of the word order remains the same as it was in the affirmative.

Those. The Present Simple interrogative form looks like this:

Do / Does + performer (subject) + 1st form of the semantic verb.

Do you spend weekends alone? - Do you spend your weekend alone?
Does she help you with your studies? -She helps you with study?

NB! The ending "es" is added to the helper verb Do when the subject is in the 3rd person singular form. In other cases, you do not need to add an ending. It is also important to remember that the ending of the main verb does not change, the "s" is added only to the auxiliary verb Do (Do + es).

Types of questions

There are several of them in English. Distinguish between general, special, alternative, dividing, questions to the subject. But do not be afraid of such a variety. In Present Simple, examples of the construction of the above structures obey simple rules that you will easily remember.

General question. It implies only two answers: "yes" or "no". In this way, we find out whether there was an action at all?

In Present Simple, a question of this kind is built according to the following scheme:

Do / Does + performer (subject) + action (predicate) + other members of the sentence

It was this type that was analyzed at the beginning of the article. Let's complicate the construction a bit.
Does she help you with your studies every evening? -She helps you with study each evening?

Alternative question

When an alternative is suggested. There is a choice between qualities, actions, objects. The proposal is built on the same principle as in the general question, but is divided into two parts by the union "or".

Do you work 5 days a week or in shifts? -You working 5 days v week or in shifts?
Does your husband or do you look after kids?-Do you or your husband look after the children?

In the second example, it is worth noting that this is a question for the subject, so the auxiliary verb is placed before the first and second subjects.

Separating ("tag question")

It is also known as a question with a tail. " It is very easy to make such a proposal for a simple present. It is necessary to write it in the affirmative form, and at the end, separated by commas, add: “true”, “isn't it”, which in the English version will sound like don’t you / doesn’t she (depending on the subject). Interestingly, a negative tail is put in an affirmative sentence, and a positive one in a negative one.

My friend often goes to his girlfriend, doesn’t he? - my friend often goes to his girlfriend, doesn't he?
He doesn’t play the guitar, does he? - He doesn't play guitar, right?

In a conversation with a person, on the "tail" we raise the intonation.

Special question in Present Simple

We ask when it is necessary to find out some special, additional information about something.

We start this construction with interrogative words:

Special questions are one of the most frequently used constructs, the ability to ask them correctly will make your English speech much richer and more varied.

Question with who (to the subject)

is set when we need to find out who performed a particular action. It is slightly different in construction from the rest. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it does not need an auxiliary verb, and the main verb, in turn, will always be with the ending "s"
Who often goes to Moscow? - who often travels to Moscow?

Answers to common questions

They can be short and complete.
Let's break them down with the following two questions.

Do they know each other? - Do they know each other?
Does she play basketball? - She plays basketball?

Short Answers

Yes, they do / No, they don’t - Yes / No
Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t - Yes / No

As you can see, the auxiliary verb replaces the entire action.

Complete Answers

Yes, she does. She plays basketball every Friday - Yes, she plays basketball every Friday.
No, she doesn’t. She doesn’t play basketball. - No, she doesn't play basketball

Yes, they do. They know each other - Yes, they know each other
No, they don’t know each other - No, they don’t know each other