Badge of a graduate of the Nikolaev Engineering School.
(Approved 1.04.1910)

After the transformation of the Artillery and Engineering Corps into the 2nd Cadet Corps, the Corps continued to train engineering officers, but already in 1804 the Engineering School for junker conductors for 25 people was opened in St. Petersburg, which in 1810 was transformed into the Engineering School with a staff of 50 people (since 1816 it was called the Main School of Engineers).

On the basis of this school, in September 1819, the Main Engineering School was created, which consisted of conductor and officer classes (for 96 and 48 people) with a 4-year course of study. Graduates of the 1st category were transferred to the officer classes with the production of ensigns, the 2nd category were left for another year, and the 3rd were sent by the junkers to the army, where they served for at least two years before being promoted to officers (by examination and by submission bosses).

The conductor's department studied arithmetic, algebra, geometry, Russian and French, history, geography, drawing, analytical geometry, differential calculus, as well as field fortification and artillery; in engineering fortification, analytical geometry, differential and integral calculus, physics, chemistry, civil architecture, practical trigonometry, descriptive geometry, mechanics and building art. From 1819 to 1855 the school produced 1036 officers. From February 21, 1855, it was called the Nikolaev Engineering School.

In 1865, the school was reorganized on the model of an artillery school into a three-year school with the same admission and graduation rules as in the Mikhailovsky Artillery School. But his staff was less than 126 junkers (company). Its structure and the procedure for transferring students to the academy were also identical with the artillery school. However, unlike the latter, the engineering school was staffed to a greater extent at the expense of people who entered on the basis of certificates from civilian educational institutions. Of those adopted in 1871-1879. Of the 423 people, 187 (44%) were graduates of military gymnasiums, 55 (13%) were transferred from other military schools, and 181 (43%) were graduates of civilian educational institutions. Of the 451 people who left the school during the same period, 373 people (83%) were released with officer and civilian ranks, 1 was transferred to another school, 63 (14%) were fired before the end of the course, 11 (2) were released before the end of the course. %) and 3 died (1%); those. the picture is about the same as in the artillery school. Release from the school in 1862-1879. fluctuated from 22 to 53 people per year.

The engineering school provided the needs of the army for officers of their specialty to a greater extent than the artillery school, but at the end of the 19th century. and its staff was increased from 140 to 250 people. The social composition of the school due to the large number of those who came "from the outside" (not from military gymnasiums and cadet corps) was less noble than that of the artillery school: among those who entered, up to 30% were people of non-noble origin.

Photo of the cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School with a teacher and a priest. Junkers are depicted with belt buckles assigned to grenadier sapper battalions.

Nikolaev Engineering School in 1866-1880 trained 791 officers, in 1881-1895. 847, in 1896-1900 540, and only for the second half of the XIX century. 2338(172).

A company of cadets of the Nikolaev Engineering School on the steps of the stairs of the Engineering (Mikhailovsky) Castle - Colonel V.V. Yakovlev (later Lieutenant General of the Soviet Army), Major General Zubarev, Lieutenant Colonel Muffel, Captain Daripatsky.

In 1901-1914. 1360 officers were released (see Table 41). Consequently, over the entire period of its existence, the school produced approximately 4.4 thousand officers.

Mikhailovsky Castle, Engineering Castle is the former Imperial Palace in the center of St. Petersburg at Sadovaya Street, No. 2, built by order of Emperor Paul I at the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries and became the place of his death. This building is the largest architectural monument, completing the history of St. Petersburg architecture of the XVIII century. The Mikhailovsky Castle owes its name to the church of Michael the Archangel, the patron of the Romanov dynasty, located in it, and the whim of Paul I, who took the title of Grand Master of the Order of Malta, to call all his palaces “castles”; the second name "Engineering" came from the Main (Nikolaev) Engineering School, which was located there since 1823, now VITU.

In plan, the castle is a square with rounded corners, inside of which a central octagonal front courtyard is inscribed. The main entrance to the castle is from the south. Three angled bridges connected the building with the square in front of it. A wooden drawbridge was thrown over the moat that surrounded the Connetable Square with a monument to Peter I in the center, on both sides of which there were cannons. Behind the monument there is a moat and three bridges, and the middle bridge was intended only for the imperial family and foreign ambassadors and led to the main entrance. “The Russian emperor, when thinking about its construction, proceeded from the scheme common in European capitals for building a rectangular castle with a rectangular courtyard and round corner towers.”

Album of the Nikolaev Engineering School.
(published in installments)

School history

Mikhailovsky - Engineering castle. Where since 1823 the Main Engineering School was located, now, next to it, in the historical homeland, the Military Engineering and Technical University is located

St. Petersburg School of Education of Engineering Conductors

In 1804, at the suggestion of Lieutenant General P.K. Sukhtelen and General Engineer I.I. Knyazev, an engineering school was established in St. Petersburg to train engineering non-commissioned officers with a staff of 50 people and a training period of 2 years. It was located in the barracks of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. Until 1810, the school managed to produce about 75 specialists. In fact, it was one of a very limited circle of unstable schools of direct successors to the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School created by Peter the Great in 1713.

St. Petersburg Engineering School

In 1810, at the suggestion of the engineer-general Count K. I. Opperman, the school was transformed into an engineering school with two departments. The conductor department with a three-year course and a staff of 15 trained junior officers of the engineering troops, and the officer department with a two-year course trained officers with the knowledge of engineers. In fact, this is an innovative transformation after which the educational institution becomes the First Higher Engineering Educational Institution. The best graduates of the conductor department were admitted to the officer department. Also, previously graduated conductors who were promoted to officers were retrained there. Thus, in 1810, the Engineering School became a Higher Educational Institution with a general five-year course of study. And this unique stage in the evolution of engineering education in Russia happened for the first time in the St. Petersburg Engineering School.

Main engineering school

Engineering lock. Now VITU is located in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe historical foundation

On November 24, 1819, at the initiative of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the St. Petersburg Engineering School was transformed into the Main Engineering School by the Highest Order. To accommodate the school, one of the royal residences, the Mikhailovsky Castle, was allocated, which was renamed the Engineering Castle by the same command. The school still had two departments: a three-year conductor's department trained engineering ensigns with a secondary education, and a two-year officer's department provided higher education. The best graduates of the conductor department, as well as officers of the engineering troops and other military branches who wished to transfer to the engineering service, were admitted to the officer department. The best teachers of that time were invited to teach: academician M.V. Ostrogradsky, physicist F.F. Ewald, engineer F.F. Laskovsky.

The school became the center of military engineering thought. Baron P. L. Schilling suggested using the galvanic method of mine explosion, associate professor K. P. Vlasov invented the chemical method of explosion, and Colonel P. P. Tomilovsky - a metal pontoon park, which was in service with different countries of the world until the middle of the 20th century.

The journal "Engineering Notes" was published at the school

Nikolaev Engineering School

In 1855, the school was named Nikolaevsky, and the officer department of the school was transformed into an independent Nikolaev Engineering Academy. The school began to train only junior officers of the engineering troops. At the end of the three-year course, graduates received the title of ensign with a secondary general and military education.

Among the teachers of the school were D. I. Mendeleev, N. V. Boldyrev, A. I. Kvist, G. A. Leer.

In 1857, the journal "Engineering Notes" was renamed into "Engineering Journal" and published jointly by the school and the academy.

In 1863, the school again merged for some time with the Engineering Academy.

Major-General A. R. Shulyachenko, on the basis of the school, is engaged in the study of the properties and classification of explosives. Academician B.S. Jacobi is engaged in the study of the electric method of blasting. P. N. Yablochkov is working on the creation of an arc electric lamp.

After the Russo-Japanese War, the school switched to the training of infantry officers, the release of specialist engineers was almost curtailed. With the outbreak of the First World War, all the cadets-engineers had to be urgently sent to the front with early assignment of an officer rank, as well as non-commissioned officers and permanent soldiers promoted to warrant officers. The school switched to a four-month training of wartime ensigns.

By the autumn of 1917, there were about a hundred cadets in the school, who had just been recruited at the school. On October 24, 1917, they were sent to the Winter Palace, but refused to defend it.

Participation in the Junker uprising

On November 11, 1917, the cadets and officers of the school took an active part in the cadet uprising in Petrograd, which had the goal of crushing the Bolshevik coup. The headquarters of the rebels was located in the Mikhailovsky Castle. The uprising failed.

1st Petrograd Engineering Courses of the Red Army

On March 1, 1918, the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper published an announcement about the start of admission of students to the Soviet Engineering Petrograd Training Courses for the Red Army Command Staff. To restore the activities of the school, all officers, non-commissioned officers, cadets, including those who were at the front, were ordered to return to the school. The families of some officers who did not return were taken hostage. On the evening of March 20, by order No. 16, three departments were opened at the courses: preparatory, sapper-construction and electrical engineering. Semi-literate people were admitted to the preparatory department, they were taught to read and write in a volume sufficient to master the basics of engineering. The term of study at the preparatory department was first set for 3 months, and then increased to 6 months. The term of study at the main departments was 6 months.

The courses trained technicians-instructors in sapper, pontoon business, railway workers, road builders, telegraph operators, radiotelegraph operators, projector operators, and motorists. The courses were provided with entrenching tools, radiotelegraph and telegraph, pontoon crossing and demolition equipment, and several electrical units.

On July 7, 1918, course students take an active part in the suppression of the Left SR rebellion.

Petrograd Military Engineering College

On July 29, 1918, due to the lack of teaching staff and educational and material base, by order of the Chief Commissar of the military educational institutions of Petrograd, the 1st engineering courses were merged with the 2nd engineering courses under the name "Petrograd Military Engineering College".

Organizationally, the technical school consisted of four companies: sapper, road-bridge, electrical engineering, mine-blasting, and a preparatory department. The term of study at the preparatory department was 8 months, at the main departments - 6 months. The technical school was stationed in the Engineering Castle, but most of the study time was occupied by field studies in the Ust-Izhora camp.

First issue September 18, 1918. In total, 111 people graduated in 1918, 174 people in 1919, 245 people in 1920, 189 people in 1921, and 59 people in 1922. The last issue took place on March 22, 1920.

The companies took part in the battles with the rebellious peasants in October 1918 near Borisoglebsk, Tambov province, with Estonian detachments in April 1919 in the area of ​​​​the city of Verro, with Yudenich in May-August 1919 near the city of Yamburg and in October-November of the same year under Petrograd, with Finnish troops in May-September 1919 near the city of Olonets, with Wrangel in June-November 1920 near the city of Orekhov, with the rebel garrison of Kronstadt in March 1921, with Finnish troops in December 1921-January 1922 in Karelia .

The Petrograd Military Engineering School and the Refusal to Save the Innovative Transition to the Five-Year Education of 1810

There was a gradual decrease in the pedagogical status to the level before 1810, as well as the loss of any succession and connection with the Nikolaev Engineering School, including for reasons of displacement. Thus, only the scientific and pedagogical line of traditions of the new system of higher engineering five-year education introduced in 1810 continued to develop in the homeland, at the Military Engineering and Technical University in St. Petersburg, which retained the innovative change in the transition to a five-year education that occurred after the addition of officer classes in 1810, as well as those who managed to survive in their historical homeland contrary to Stalin's policy, which is decisive for preserving the succession of the traditions of any educational institution, which is always a cultural phenomenon, but the older engineering school that began to function before 1810 unfortunately ceased to exist in Soviet times for several reasons, and among them the fact of displacement and the rejection of the innovative change of 1810, which undoubtedly was a great loss for the country.

The current version of the page has not yet been checked

The current version of the page has not yet been reviewed by experienced members and may differ significantly from the one reviewed on May 16, 2019; checks are required.

In 1804, at the suggestion of Lieutenant General P.K. Sukhtelen and General Engineer I.I. Knyazev, an engineering school was created in St. Petersburg (on the basis of the previously existing one moved to St. Petersburg) to train engineering non-commissioned officers (conductors) with a staff of 50 people and a training period of 2 years. It was located in the barracks of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. Until 1810, the school managed to produce about 75 specialists. In fact, it was one of a very limited circle of unstable schools - the direct successors of the St. Petersburg military engineering school created by Peter the Great in 1713.

In 1810, at the suggestion of the engineer-general Count K. I. Opperman, the school was transformed into an engineering school with two departments. The conductor department with a three-year course and a staff of 15 trained junior officers of the engineering troops, and the officer department with a two-year course trained officers with the knowledge of engineers. In fact, this is an innovative transformation after which the educational institution becomes the First Higher Engineering Educational Institution. The best graduates of the conductor department were admitted to the officer department. Also, previously graduated conductors who were promoted to officers were retrained there. Thus, in 1810, the Engineering School became a Higher Educational Institution with a general five-year course of study. And this unique stage in the evolution of engineering education in Russia happened for the first time in the St. Petersburg Engineering School.

Engineering lock. Now VITU is located in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe historical foundation

On November 24, 1819, at the initiative of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the St. Petersburg Engineering School was transformed into the Main Engineering School by the Highest Order. To accommodate the school, one of the royal residences, the Mikhailovsky Castle, was allocated, which was renamed the Engineering Castle by the same command. The school still had two departments: a three-year conductor's department trained engineering ensigns with a secondary education, and a two-year officer's department provided higher education. The best graduates of the conductor department, as well as officers of the engineering troops and other military branches who wished to transfer to the engineering service, were admitted to the officer department. The best teachers of that time were invited to teach: academician M.V. Ostrogradsky, physicist F.F. Ewald, engineer F.F. Laskovsky.

The school became the center of military engineering thought. Baron P. L. Schilling proposed the use of a galvanic mine explosion method, adjunct professor K. P. Vlasov invented a chemical explosion method (the so-called “Vlasov tube”), and Colonel P. P. Tomilovsky - a metal pontoon park that stood on armament of different countries of the world until the middle of the 20th century.

In 1855, the school was named Nikolaevsky, and the officer department of the school was transformed into an independent Nikolaev Academy of Engineering. The school began to train only junior officers of the engineering troops. At the end of the three-year course, graduates received the title of an engineering warrant officer with a secondary general and military education (since 1884, an engineering lieutenant).

Among the teachers of the school were D. I. Mendeleev (chemistry), N. V. Boldyrev (fortification), A. Yocher (fortification), A. I. Kvist (means of communication), G. A. Leer (tactics, strategy, military history).

To restore the activities of the school, all officers, non-commissioned officers, cadets, including those who were at the front, were ordered to return to the school. The families of some officers who did not return were taken hostage. On the evening of March 20, by order No. 16, three departments were opened at the courses: preparatory, sapper-construction and electrical engineering. Semi-literate people were admitted to the preparatory department, they were taught to read and write in a volume sufficient to master the basics of engineering. The term of study at the preparatory department was first set for 3 months, and then increased to 6 months. The term of study at the main departments was 6 months.

The courses trained technicians-instructors in sapper, pontoon business, railway workers, road builders, telegraph operators, radiotelegraph operators, projector operators, and motorists. The courses were provided with entrenching tools, radiotelegraph and telegraph, pontoon crossing and demolition equipment, and several electrical units.

On July 7, 1918, students of the courses take an active part in the suppression of the Left SR rebellion.

On July 29, 1918, due to the lack of teaching staff and educational and material base, by order of the Chief Commissar of the military educational institutions of Petrograd, the 1st engineering courses were merged with the 2nd engineering courses under the name "Petrograd Military Engineering College".

Organizationally, the technical school consisted of four companies: sapper, road-bridge, electrical engineering, mine-blasting, and a preparatory department. The term of study at the preparatory department was 8 months, at the main departments - 6 months. The technical school was stationed in the Engineering Castle, but most of the study time was occupied by field studies in Olonets, with Wrangel in June-November 1920 near the city of Orekhov, with the rebel garrison of Kronstadt in March 1921, with Finnish troops in December 1921-January 1922 in Karelia.

Military educational institution of the Russian Imperial Army.

Encyclopedic YouTube

1 / 5

✪ 26.10 - To the birthday of General D. Karbyshev

✪ Railway technical school - Nikolaev

✪ Alexander Senotrusov about the coastal defense of Leningrad

✪ "Vivat, University!": Anniversary

✪ Digital history: Kirill Nazarenko about the Russian fleet during the First World War

Subtitles

History of the military educational institution

St. Petersburg School of Education of Engineering Conductors

In 1804, at the suggestion of Lieutenant General P. K. Sukhtelen and General Engineer I. I. Knyazev, an engineering school was created in St. Petersburg (on the basis of the previously existing one moved to St. with a staff of 50 people and a training period of 2 years. It was located in the barracks of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. Until 1810, the school managed to produce about 75 specialists. In fact, it was one of a very limited circle of unstable schools - the direct successors of the St. Petersburg Military Engineering School founded by Peter the Great in 1713.

St. Petersburg Engineering School

In 1810, at the suggestion of the engineer-general Count K. I. Opperman, the school was transformed into an engineering school with two departments. The conductor department with a three-year course and a staff of 15 trained junior officers of the engineering troops, and the officer department with a two-year course trained officers with the knowledge of engineers. In fact, this is an innovative transformation after which the educational institution becomes the First Higher Engineering Educational Institution. The best graduates of the conductor department were admitted to the officer department. Also, previously graduated conductors who were promoted to officers were retrained there. Thus, in 1810, the Engineering School became a Higher Educational Institution with a general five-year course of study. And this unique stage in the evolution of engineering education in Russia happened for the first time in the St. Petersburg Engineering School.

Main engineering school

On November 24, 1819, at the initiative of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the St. Petersburg Engineering School was transformed into the Main Engineering School by the Highest Order. To accommodate the school, one of the royal residences, the Mikhailovsky Castle, was allocated, which was renamed the Engineering Castle by the same command. The school still had two departments: a three-year conductor's department trained engineering ensigns with a secondary education, and a two-year officer's department provided higher education. The best graduates of the conductor department, as well as officers of the engineering troops and other military branches who wished to transfer to the engineering service, were admitted to the officer department. The best teachers of that time were invited to teach: academician M.V. Ostrogradsky, physicist F.F. Ewald, engineer F. F. Laskovsky.

The school became the center of military engineering thought. Baron P. L. Schilling suggested using the galvanic method of mine explosion, associate professor K.P. Vlasov invented the chemical method of explosion (the so-called “Vlasov tube”), and Colonel P.P. Tomilovsky - a metal pontoon park standing on armament of different countries of the world until the middle of the 20th century.

The journal "Engineering Notes" was published at the school

Nikolaev Engineering School

In 1855, the school was named Nikolaevsky, and the officer department of the school was transformed into an independent Nikolaev Engineering Academy. The school began to train only junior officers of the engineering troops. At the end of the three-year course, graduates received the title of an engineering warrant officer with a secondary general and military education (since 1884, an engineering lieutenant).

Among the teachers of the school were D. I. Mendeleev (chemistry), N. V. Boldyrev (fortification), A. I. Kvist (means of communication), G. A. Leer (tactics, strategy, military history).

On July 29, 1918, due to the lack of teaching staff and educational and material base, by order of the Chief Commissar of the military educational institutions of Petrograd, the 1st engineering courses were merged with the 2nd engineering courses under the name "Petrograd Military Engineering College".

Organizationally, the technical school consisted of four companies: sapper, road-bridge, electrical engineering, mine-blasting, and a preparatory department. The term of study at the preparatory department was 8 months, at the main departments - 6 months. The technical school was stationed in the Olonets Engineering Castle, with Wrangel in June-November 1920 near the city of Orekhov, with the rebel garrison of Kronstadt in March 1921, with Finnish troops in December 1921-January 1922 in Karelia.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Military educational institution of the Russian Imperial Army.

History of the military educational institution

St. Petersburg School of Education of Engineering Conductors

In 1804, at the suggestion of Lieutenant General P.K. Sukhtelen and General Engineer I.I. Knyazev, an engineering school was created in St. Petersburg (on the basis of the previously existing one moved to St. Petersburg) to train engineering non-commissioned officers (conductors) with a staff of 50 people and a training period of 2 years. It was located in the barracks of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. Until 1810, the school managed to produce about 75 specialists. In fact, it was one of a very limited circle of unstable schools - the direct successors of the St. Petersburg military engineering school created by Peter the Great in 1713.

St. Petersburg Engineering School

In 1810, at the suggestion of the engineer-general Count K. I. Opperman, the school was transformed into an engineering school with two departments. The conductor department with a three-year course and a staff of 15 trained junior officers of the engineering troops, and the officer department with a two-year course trained officers with the knowledge of engineers. In fact, this is an innovative transformation after which the educational institution becomes the First Higher Engineering Educational Institution. The best graduates of the conductor department were admitted to the officer department. Also, previously graduated conductors who were promoted to officers were retrained there. Thus, in 1810, the Engineering School became a Higher Educational Institution with a general five-year course of study. And this unique stage in the evolution of engineering education in Russia happened for the first time in the St. Petersburg Engineering School.

Main engineering school

Engineering lock. Now VITU is located in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe historical foundation

On November 24, 1819, at the initiative of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the St. Petersburg Engineering School was transformed into the Main Engineering School by the Highest Order. To accommodate the school, one of the royal residences, the Mikhailovsky Castle, was allocated, which was renamed the Engineering Castle by the same command. The school still had two departments: a three-year conductor's department trained engineering ensigns with a secondary education, and a two-year officer's department provided higher education. The best graduates of the conductor department, as well as officers of the engineering troops and other military branches who wished to transfer to the engineering service, were admitted to the officer department. The best teachers of that time were invited to teach: academician M.V. Ostrogradsky, physicist F.F. Ewald, engineer F.F. Laskovsky.

The school became the center of military engineering thought. Baron P. L. Schilling proposed the use of a galvanic mine explosion method, adjunct professor K. P. Vlasov invented a chemical explosion method (the so-called “Vlasov tube”), and Colonel P. P. Tomilovsky - a metal pontoon park that stood on armament of different countries of the world until the middle of the 20th century.

The journal "Engineering Notes" was published at the school

Nikolaev Engineering School

In 1855, the school was named Nikolaevsky, and the officer department of the school was transformed into an independent Nikolaev Academy of Engineering. The school began to train only junior officers of the engineering troops. At the end of the three-year course, graduates received the title of an engineering warrant officer with a secondary general and military education (since 1884, an engineering lieutenant).

Among the teachers of the school were D. I. Mendeleev (chemistry), N. V. Boldyrev (fortification), A. Yocher (fortification), A. I. Kvist (means of communication), G. A. Leer (tactics, strategy, military history).

On July 29, 1918, due to the lack of teaching staff and educational and material base, by order of the Chief Commissar of the military educational institutions of Petrograd, the 1st engineering courses were merged with the 2nd engineering courses under the name "Petrograd Military Engineering College".

Organizationally, the technical school consisted of four companies: sapper, road-bridge, electrical engineering, mine-blasting, and a preparatory department. The term of study at the preparatory department was 8 months, at the main departments - 6 months. The technical school was stationed in the Engineering Castle, but most of the study time was occupied by field studies in the Ust-Izhora camp.

First release September 18, 1918 (63 people). In total, 111 people graduated in 1918, 174 people in 1919, 245 people in 1920, 189 people in 1921, and 59 people in 1922. The last issue took place on March 22, 1920.

The companies took part in the battles with the rebellious peasants in October 1918 near Borisoglebsk, Tambov province, with Estonian detachments in April 1919 in the area of ​​the city of Tambov.