Ecological groups of plants. Plant ecology Habitat and biological features

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The importance of water in plant life Dissolution of minerals in water plant nutrition plant growth. Evaporation: cooling the plant in hot weather; creates D.C. water in plants. Water absorption by stomata is aerial nutrition. Propagation of plants using water (shoots, seeds)

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Environmental groups plants in relation to water xerophytes hydrophytes "xeros" - dry "hydro" - water mesophytes "meso" - medium hygrophytes "hygro" - moisture

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XEROPHYTES - DROUGHT-RESISTANT Habitat - places with a lack of moisture, dry areas - steppes, deserts. Adaptations: Well-developed roots, the mass of the roots is 10 times greater than the mass of the shoots (camel thorn) Some have no leaves (saxaul) Succulents have fleshy stems, leaves are thorny (cacti), the stem is hard, the leaves are fleshy (aloe, agave) Reduced evaporation water due to a waxy coating on the leaves (crassula), leaf pubescence

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M E S O P H I T S “meso” - average, “phytos” - plant Habitat: They live in conditions of average, normal moisture. Accessories: A large number of stomata Do not withstand drought, because …….. there are no devices for accumulating and retaining moisture.

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HYGROPHITES - moisture-loving “hygros” - wet, “phytos” - plant Habitat: damp forests, swamps, banks of reservoirs, tropical rainforests Features: no devices for limiting water consumption Devices for removing excess moisture: 1 - large stomata; 2. hairs are often formed from living cells to increase the evaporation surface; 3.underdeveloped root system; liana

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Representatives of swamp hygrophytes Swamp violet Sedmichnik (damp forests) Whitewing (swamp) sundew

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Hygrophytes on the banks of reservoirs - “amphibious plants” sedge reed reed cattail

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Hydrophytes “hydro” - water, “phytos” - plant A. Completely submerged in water or floating on the surface. Features: 1. Poorly developed blood vessels or absent altogether. 2. Mechanical tissue is not developed, because ... the water itself supports the plant in an upright position 3. There are air cavities in the leaf petioles. 4. An increase in the surface of the body compared to its mass. 5. They do not survive in the air. pondweed watercolor hornwort

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Hydrophytes “hydro” - water, “phytos” - plant B. They are able to live outside of water, but the roots must be in water. arrowhead chastuha telores Question: What is the peculiarity of the arrangement of stomata in aquatic plants?

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Slide captions:

Characteristics of the main ecological groups of plants Prepared by biology teacher Nurova S.B.

test 1. Environmental factors- these are A) separate elements inanimate nature; b) individual elements of living nature; c) individual elements environment. 2. Biotic factors are A) factors of inanimate nature; b) factors of living nature; c) factors created by man. 3. Anthropogenic factor is A) factors of inanimate nature; b) factors of living nature; c) factors created by man. 4. Abiotic factor is A) factors of inanimate nature; b) factors of living nature; c) factors created by man.

WATER LILY IN THE WATER FERN IN THE PINE FOREST

In what conditions do these plants grow? What science studies the living conditions of plants? On what basis are these plants divided? What will we study in class?

Light-loving plants Features: Leaves are small, dense, with shiny thick skin and numerous stomata. There are few chloroplasts in the pulp cells of the leaf, they are light green. Well developed mechanical tissue and root system of birch

Heliophytes - light-loving plants TONE DANDELION

Laboratory work Topic: Study of the dandelion’s adaptation to the best capture of light.

Usage pine needles during the great years Patriotic War An infusion of pine needles is a valuable source of vitamin C and is used for the prevention and treatment of hypo and vitamin deficiency C. An infusion of pine needles was used during the war to prevent and treat scurvy

Shade-loving plants Features: The leaves are large. The skin of the leaf is thin, its cells often contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are large with a lot of chlorophyll LLLLLLL Fern leaf Crow's eye

Plants of aquatic habitats are hydrophytes. Features: Stomata on the upper side of the leaves. A system of intercellular spaces filled with air is developed. lotus

ELODEA CINFOLA P FERN

physical minute Let's do an exercise for the eyes, friends. They looked to the right, to the left, and their eyes became cheerful. Bottom up and top down. You, crystal, don’t be angry, Look at the ceiling, Find a corner there. To make the muscles stronger, we look diagonally. We will not take a compass, We will write a circle with our eyes.

CRYING PLANT-GUTTATION

Plants of dry habitats Storage of water in the tissues of the root, stem or leaves Leaves turned into spines Stomata slightly Waterproof waxy coating on the leaves Camel thorn Cactus in the desert

Adaptations of plants to life in arid places SUCCULENTS SCLEROPHYTES TAMARISK SAKASAUL CRASSUS ALOE

Homework: Prepare a crossword puzzle on the topic: “Characteristics of the main ecological groups of plants.” & 55.

tests 1. Plants in relation to light are: A) Heat-loving, cold-resistant; b) light-loving, shade-loving, shade-tolerant; c) water and excess moisture places, dry places, average moisture conditions. 2. Plants in relation to temperature are: A) Heat-loving, cold-resistant; b) light-loving, shade-loving, shade-tolerant; c) water and excess moisture places, dry places, average moisture conditions. 3. Plants in relation to humidity are: A) Heat-loving, cold-resistant; b) light-loving, shade-loving, shade-tolerant; c) water and excess moisture places, dry places, average moisture conditions

“Subject of ecology” - Ecosystems. Anthropogenic factors. K. Linnaeus. Carbon cycle. Life expectancy for 2008 Natural resources. Ecosystem structure. Categories of matter in the biosphere. The structure of the atmosphere. Average daily maximum permissible concentration. Sources of pollution. Demographic situation in Russia. Population indicators. Action of the factor.

“Theoretical foundations of ecology” - Sites. Microecosystems. Basics. Ecology. Ecosystem concept. Ecology subject. Living matter. Air temperature. Fundamentals of ecology. Ecological structure. Environmental environmental factors. Solar radiation. Human. Mixotrophs. Visible light. Factors of human activity. Heterotrophs. Environmental indicators.

“History of Ecology” - Biosphere. The first ecologists. Ecology is a new field of science. Theophrastus. Ecology and global politics. Human ecology. Conservation and environmental movements. Botanical geography and Alexander von Humboldt. Superorganismal systems and the search for an ecological object. Wallace and Mobius. History of ecology.

“Structure of Ecology” - The purpose of studying the discipline. Commoner's environmental laws. Professional competencies. The need for environmental knowledge. The student must have competencies. Information. Subject and structure of ecology. Draw an ecology diagram. Rating. Rights and responsibilities of students. Educational program. The meaning of the above concepts.

“Fundamentals of Ecology” - Fundamentals of Ecology. Components of biocenosis. Carp were released into the pond. Self-control tasks. The ciliates—shoes—were placed in a closed test tube. Assignments for the topic “Dependence of organisms on environmental factors.” Population is a collection of individuals of the same species. Organisms. Basic concepts. Scheme of the action of the environmental factor.

There are a total of 25 presentations in the topic

An ecological group is a group of organisms
which have similar devices, since
live in similar conditions.
Among plants, ecological groups are distinguished according to
relation to light, soil, water, temperature.

Ecological groups of plants in relation to light
Light-loving plants (heliophytes) - plants
open places with constant good lighting.
Accessories:
1. Shoots are shortened,
highly branching
ADONIS (DONISON)
SPRING

Light-loving plants (heliophytes)
2. Leaves often have a waxy cuticle
or pubescence
3. Leaves are small or
heavily cut,
often turned edge-on towards the light
VERONIKA SEDAYA
Feather grass
4. Large number of stomata

Shade-loving plants (sciophytes) - plants that constantly
located in shady conditions.
Accessories:
1. Leaves are dark green, large, thin
EUROPEAN HOOF
2. Leaves are arranged horizontally
DOUBLE-LEAF MINE

Shade-loving plants (sciophytes)
3. Well defined leaf mosaic
COMMON SNOW

Shade-tolerant plants - can grow in conditions
shading, but prefer light areas.
Accessories:
1. Pronounced leaf mosaic
2. Leaves can change orientation in relation to the light
BORSE DYING
ANEMONE
LESNAYA
LUMBAGO
DISCLOSED

Ecological groups of plants in relation to soil
Soil – upper fertile layer earth's crust.
Fertility is the ability of the soil to meet needs
plants in the necessary substances.
Soil composition
Inorganic substances
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sand
Clay
Water
Air
Mineral salts
Organic matter
1. Humus (humus)
2. Humic acids

Soils of the Tambov region
Chernozem
(neutral)
Gray forest
(neutral)
Sandy
(neutral)
Peat swamps
(sour)
psammophytes
oxylophytes
Solontsy
(high salt content)
halophytes

Psammophytes are plants that live on sandy soils.
Accessories:
1. Long roots
2. Storage of water in the body
BLUEGRASS
BULBOUS
3. Small leaves
EPHEDRA
DOUBLE-SPICALE
YOUTH
CHONDRILLA

Oxylophytes are plants that grow in acidic soils.
Accessories:
1. Leaves are small, dense,
leathery.
2. Leaves have pubescence
or cuticle
SWAMP CRANBERRY
MYRTLE SWAMP
3. Insectivory
SUNDEW
ROUND LEAF
Ledum SWAMP

Halophytes are plants growing on salt licks.
Accessories:
1. Presence of salt-secreting glands
in the leaves
KERMEK
PUBLISHED
2. Accumulation of salts in cells
SVEDA PROSTATED

Ecological groups of plants in relation to water
Hydatophytes are plants that are completely submerged in water.
Accessories:
1. The root system is poorly developed
2. Water absorption occurs over the entire surface of the body
3. Stomata don't work
4. There are many intercellular spaces filled with air in the tissues
BODY CUTTER
VODOKRAS
TURCHA

Hydrophytes are plants growing along the banks of water bodies.
Accessories:
1. Well developed mechanical and conductive tissues
2. Intercellular spaces filled with air are developed
ARROW LEAF
ORDINARY
ROGOZ
BROADLEAF
PART
PLANNANT

Hygrophytes are plants that live in highly moist areas.
soils.
Accessories:
1. Tissues contain large amounts of water
2. There are devices for releasing water in the form of droplets
TOUCHABLE
ORDINARY
KALUZHNITSKA
SWAMP
CORE
LUGOVOY

Mesophytes are plants in moderately humid areas.
Accessories:
1. Can tolerate short-term moderate drought
2. Conductive tissues and root system are well developed
3. Stomata are actively working
ORIGIN
ORDINARY
CLOVER RED
FOXTAIL
LUGOVOY

Xerophytes are plants of dry places.
1. Sclerophytes are plants that are adapted to the presence
small amount of water in cells.
Accessories:
1. Plants look dried out
2. The leaves are small, in the form of scales
3. Leaves have a cuticle or pubescence
4. Some plants may have leaves that fold into a tube.
FEATHER GRASS
TIPCHAK
ZHITNYAK

2. Succulents are plants that accumulate water in their tissues.
Accessories:
1. They have water-storing tissue in the stems or leaves
2. Leaves are covered with a waxy coating
3. Stomata are buried deep in the leaf
YOUTH
SEDUM PURPLE

1 slide

2 slide

The importance of water in plant life Dissolution of minerals in water plant nutrition plant growth. Evaporation: cooling the plant in hot weather; creates a constant flow of water in plants. Water absorption by stomata is aerial nutrition. Propagation of plants using water (shoots, seeds)

3 slide

Ecological groups of plants in relation to water xerophytes hydrophytes "xeros" - dry "hydro" - water mesophytes "meso" - medium hygrophytes "hygro" - moisture

4 slide

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M E S O P H I T S “meso” - average, “phytos” - plant Habitat: They live in conditions of average, normal moisture. Adaptations: Large number of stomata Do not withstand drought, because …….. there are no devices for accumulating and retaining moisture.