The training system of the St. Petersburg teacher Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev gained great popularity. Zaitsev's teaching methodology is based on the idea that the warehouse is an elementary particle of speech.

A warehouse is a pair of a consonant with a vowel or a consonant with a hard or soft sign, or one letter. Zaitsev wrote these warehouses on the faces of his famous cubes.

When the child begins to speak, he does not pronounce the letters separately, he says "ma", "pa", "ba". This method is used on cubes. Learning on Zaitsev's cubes takes place in the game, children sing syllables, clap them, jump and run. In the same way, effortlessly, kids get acquainted with mathematics. Zaitsev developed special tables according to which children perform arithmetic operations.

Training according to the Zaitsev method is not only tables of syllables and arithmetic operations, but also toys that make different sounds, musical instruments, cubes with cut pictures, puzzles, building kits, etc. In addition, created in kindergarten or at school, the learning environment must be maintained at home. Tables should be hung around the apartment, any household activity should be accompanied by certain methodological instructions, and much depends on the spirit that reigns in the family.

Zaitsev's cubes differ in 46 features. Big and small, "iron", "wooden" and "gold". Cubes weigh and sound differently.

"Golden" cubes - ring, "iron" - rattle, "wooden" muffled tapping.
Sounds help children to feel the difference between vowels and consonants, voiced and soft.

Learning is helped by singing blocks and chains of warehouses to several melodies. The size of the letters and signs in Zaitsev's tables and on Zaitsev's cubes is sufficient to be perceived by a child without any tension from a distance of several meters.

The counting technique, based on Zaitsev's tables, is offered to children from the age of three. A four-color ribbon with numbers from 0 to 99 in numbers and in the form of grouped objects - circles and squares. Even three-year-old children after a very short time are able to find any ordered number on the tape. Even and odd differ in color, and the composition of the number is clear to each: the number of tens, units.
Split cards represent a number in relation to a hundred (for example, 54 filled squares in a matrix of 10 * 10 cells and 46 unfilled ones).

Children 4-5 years old easily switch to addition and subtraction within a hundred, first-graders do this after a few lessons, avoiding many months of familiarity with numbers and sitting in the top ten for a hundred hours.

The transition from a numerical tape to table 1 helps to speed up addition and subtraction operations within a hundred, bring them to automatism and move on to mental calculations earlier than the deadlines provided for by traditional programs.

Six cubes and table 2 will help children learn to write and read three-digit numbers, create figurative ideas about their composition - the number of hundreds, tens, units.

Table 3 will introduce students to the notation and name of multi-digit numbers.
Zaitsev's benefits will be interesting and useful to all children. Classes with "Zaitsev's Cubes" are based on the game and children learn while enjoying the lessons.

"Skladushki" Voskobovich.

The game-allowance "Skladushki" is intended for teaching children early (from 3-4 years old) reading in the warehouse system. The warehouse system of teaching children early reading is now widespread. In addition to the fact that warehouses in this system, children initially learn to pronounce the way they sound in words, the warehouses themselves are located in a strictly defined way. This game is a popular system for teaching children to read, reworked by V. Voskobovich early age famous Petersburg teacher N. Zaitsev.

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Zaitsev's tables

Everyone knows Nikolai Alexandrovich Zaitsev by his famous cubes, which are used in kindergartens, primary school, development centers and at home. But the teaching methodology of this Russian teacher and educator is much deeper. It presupposes not only fast learning reading, counting, writing, literacy, foreign languages, mathematics, anatomy, geography, ecology, music, but also gives a powerful impetus to the child's self-development. Its healing effect, high efficiency and humanity have been confirmed by practice.

Biography

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev was born in 1939 in the village of. Hills (Novgorod region) in a family of hereditary teachers. His childhood fell on difficult war years. After the war, the family moved to Leningrad. Nikolai was an active child: he went to swimming and athletics sections, was engaged in drawing and woodcarving. In 1956, he graduated from school and worked for 2 years at the factory as a grinder and moulder. He took up wrestling and boxing.

In 1958 he entered the philological faculty at the Pedagogical Institute. Herzen (Russian and English). During the years of study, Zaitsev began to study subjects in more depth due to a misunderstanding of many things. Even then, he began to draw tables, build graphs, making it easier for himself to understand objects.

In 1963, as a fifth-year student, Nikolai did an internship as a translator in Indonesia. There, the young teacher laid the foundation for his original educational system. The first experience of teaching the native language in its own way was successful.

He never received a diploma, because. his graduate work did not meet the standards. After the institute, Zaitsev worked as an educator orphanage, in a children's colony, a boarding school for special children. He tried his technique on special children. Success was variable, but it gave impetus to further research.

Then Zaitsev became a teacher of literature at school. During this period, he developed a clear and without cumbersome rules system of teaching the native language for high school. The test results were negative: the students did not feel their native language, it was easier for them to memorize the rules, they were taught that way ...

By the end of the 70s. Zaitsev gradually determined the direction of experiments for himself: educational visual programs and manuals for kids from 1.5 years old. Everything was presented in a playful way.

And then success awaited him. His learning through the blocks was easily perceived by the kids.

The pedagogy of that time did not tolerate any deviations from the traditional one, therefore, before perestroika (80s), all Zaitsev's developments and manuals were not in demand. And only with the collapse of the USSR, it began to be used in kindergartens and schools. Although the Ministry of Education did not officially recognize it.

In 1989, JSC "Mazai" (methodical alternatives to Zaitsev) was created, where the innovator became a leading specialist. This began the active dissemination of Zaitsev's methods and manuals. The production of cubes was launched for the first time.

Since 1991, the technique has already been adapted for children from 1.5-4 years old.

In 1993, on the basis of the St. Petersburg kindergarten No. 74, Zaitsev was allowed to apply his methods. Since then, it has been his creative laboratory. Here, in 1994, for the first time, he introduced a course of anatomy, physiology and human hygiene, ecology adapted for kids, and over five years of observation, he stated a stable positive result. The children were interested in and accessible systemic, visual information about a person, his health, and the environment.

In 1995, Professor Ruvinsky founded the Academy of Creative Pedagogy (ATP). It brought together disparate innovative teachers, allowed them to exchange experiences, make their methods public, and improve their qualifications. Zaitsev became a professor at this academy.

In 1996, Mazai JSC was transformed into Zaitsev Methods LLC, whose tasks remained the same: to develop, publish and implement the author's manuals and methods. This association has been successfully operating to this day. It releases "Zaitsev's Cubes", "Stochet", "I Write Beautifully", etc.

Professor Zaitsev lives in St. Petersburg, lectures all over the country, develops new manuals. He has many like-minded students. He is still a leading specialist of a non-governmental institution additional education"Methods of N. Zaitsev". Despite its popularity, its system has never been officially recognized.

The origins and foundations of the technique

When developing his system, Zaitsev relied on the research of I.M. Sechenov, I.P. Pavlova, A.A. Ukhtomsky, V.M. Bekhterev.

He used these conclusions:

• dividing the sensory stream into elements, and then linking these elements into groups is very well perceived by the brain;
• It is possible to enhance perception by presenting information with a clearly defined rhythm.

Zaitsev made this discovery in neurophysiology the basis of his system. The main idea of ​​his methodology is based on the fact that the process of cognition should be based on all forms of perception of the child:

• thinking;
• hearing;
• vision;
• motor and tactile memory.

Zaitsev's educational material activates the perception of the child, since it is systemic (from the particular to the general and vice versa), collected in one place and attractive, attracting attention. In fact, this methodology is based on the foundations of collaborative pedagogy. The role of the teacher is:

• to the organization of a fun gaming learning environment;
• mentoring assistance to the child in learning to read, count, write, grammar.

Another basis of his method was the use of the warehouse as an elementary particle of speech. A warehouse is a fusion of a consonant and vowels, just a vowel, a consonant in an open syllable. This is a more natural division of a word than a syllable. This is how babies begin to talk. And it's easier to learn to read.

The origins of this lie in the same neurophysiology, since the warehouse is a conscious effort of the muscles of the speech apparatus. These efforts are easy to determine if you lightly wrap your hand around the neck under the base of the jaw and say something loudly. The idea itself is not new. Learning to read and write according to the method of Zaitsev is very similar to the primer of Fedot Kuzmichev (XIX century) and the alphabet of L. Tolstoy (he studied using Kuzmichev's primer). These books are based on the warehouse method, not syllables.

After 200 years, Zaitsev, having accepted the previous experience, went further. According to his method, it is not necessary to purposefully learn letters at all. They will simply learn themselves in the process of playing with manuals on which warehouses are written. For the first time, he tried the method of quickly mastering the language with the help of warehouses on his cubes.

Then there were the tables. Here Zaitsev relied on experience (a system of reference signals) and Erdniev (an enlarged unit of didactics). He created tables through which a huge amount of information was transmitted with a minimum number of characters. Correct location these tables on the walls allowed information to quickly appear in memory.

Zaitsev's methodology broke the main stereotype of traditional education: the rule-exercise, moved away from the scattered and unsystematic nature of the material. Moreover, such a neurophysiological approach ensured a high voluntary mobility of the child during training with a minimum load on vision.

General description of Zaitsev's technique

The innovative teacher set himself the goal of teaching children to read, write, literacy and counting without cramming and imposing. While studying at the institute, he already realized that traditional education is not effective. His system was developed in the same direction. He left from traditional scheme learning: exercise-task. Only the game, only what is interesting and no violence. Nikolai Aleksandrovich laid down the following principles in his system:

• the child does not learn to live, but lives here and now, so he will learn what he is interested in now;
• education should keep pace with the development of the child, not ahead of him;
• any complex tasks are available to the child if they are available and relevant to him;
• the child is an active person, not an object of learning;
• child studying the world whole body, movement for him - additional source information.

They allow you to give a powerful impetus to the natural abilities of the child, pushing him to self-development.

Features of the technique

“The essence is in simplicity and consistency!”

The technique is very loyal to children. Since the classes are held in the form of a game, there are no:

• fear of making a mistake;
• losers and losers;
• remarks;
• coercion;
• notations;
• calls;
• estimates.

Zaitsev's lessons are very noisy and laid-back. The author has developed hundreds of games, so each new lesson not like the previous one.

Classes are equipped in a special way:

• the desks are arranged around the perimeter so as not to obscure the visual material;
• tables are hung on the walls at a height of 170 cm from the floor.

The material is given to the child at once entirely on the tables, and he can assimilate it at his own pace. All warehouses are systematized on cubes and wall tables. Each cube has a row and a column in the table. After working with the cubes, the children run with a pointer to the tables in search of the necessary warehouses. They involuntarily sort through dozens of options, easily memorizing them. The high systemic nature of the benefits allows children to quickly grasp their algorithm.

Between the tables with warehouses there are tables of "Hundred Accounts", according to which children learn to add and subtract two-digit numbers.

The lessons are naturally competitive in nature: everyone wants to give the correct answer as soon as possible and peers at the table from anywhere in the class. Thus, the reading of tables from different distances is forced to begin, and vision is involuntarily trained. Most of the lesson, students spend in motion with their heads up (look at the tables), strengthening their posture. In such an environment, children think more actively, and the learning process is effective.

The famous Zaitsev cubes: what is it?

The cubes are designed to teach reading, basic literacy and writing. There are 52 cubes in the set (7 repeating, for words like uncle). Warehouses are applied to each cube, there are 200 of them in total. The cubes in the set differ in different ways:

• size;
• color (12);
• material;
• sound;
• by filler;
• by weight.

These features help children to feel the difference between vowels and consonants, voiced and soft, and memorize warehouses of different character:

• Large cubes - with hard warehouses, small ones - with soft ones.
• White cube - with punctuation marks.
• There are double cubes with consonants that are not friendly with all vowels (zha, zhu, zhi).
• There are no warehouses zhy, shy, chya, schya on the cubes.
• Voiced warehouses - a metal cube, deaf warehouses - wooden.
• The golden cube is the vowels.
• Warehouses with a hard sign are placed on iron-wood cubes, and those with a soft sign are placed on wooden-gold ones.
• All letters different colors: vowels - blue, consonants - blue,
• Hard and soft signs are green.

Children during the game memorize warehouses and features of cubes. From warehouses it is easy to add words. Then it all lines up in a harmonious grammar system. Acquaintance with warehouses begins with cubes, and ends with tables.

Zaitsev's tables

Zaitsev's tables are highly systematic visual training aids, on which the entire educational material.

The tables serve all the material at once and are hung on the walls.

They create a learning environment. Tables are multifunctional intermediaries between students and mentors:

• learn;
• give information;
• are guides to educational material;
• develop the necessary skills;
• help mutual learning.

• warehouse (to compare the qualities of sounds - softness, deafness, sonority, hardness, softness and for composing words);
• for hundred-count (for learning to count within 100 - this is a 4-color tape with numbers from 0-99, groups of squares and circles for studying tens, even-odd);
• on mathematical (shows what numbers consist of, their properties, actions on them, the origin of numbers, fractions, degrees).

Tables and cubes are inseparable parts of the learning process.

Model of kindergartens according to Zaitsev

The Zaitsev system is often used in kindergartens to teach children:

• reading;
• mathematics;
• singing in a choir;
• synthesis of drawing and writing;
• the basics of grammar;
• anatomy;
• geography;
• ecology;
• botany;
• zoology.

For all these areas, Zaitsev developed and tested special methods and manuals. In addition to teaching a child to write, read, count, Zaitsev's methods involve introducing kids to the outside world.

At the age of 3, children have a crisis in the formation of their personality, which is associated with the formation of their own I. The kid, who does not understand what is required of him and why, refuses to follow the rules offered by adults. The child begins to neglect his own safety.

The introduction of such areas as anatomy, ecology, geography into the kindergarten curriculum is fully justified. Getting to know themselves, kids already consciously follow the rules offered by adults. It is at 4-7 years old that the child is easily oriented:

• to keep healthy lifestyle life;
• on not smoking;
• not drinking alcohol;
• not using drugs;
• to preserve the environment;
• to maintain their health;
• to your safety.

And for this, the baby must understand his device, be aware of things that are useful and harmful to him. And after anatomy, botany appears, and then zoology. This is the significance of man in nature. And geography is the way to peace.

Everything is connected here: anatomy is the path from oneself to the world, and geography is from the world to oneself and from oneself to the world.

In kindergartens with such items, injuries are rare, children are not afraid of doctors, they strive for physical education, they are non-aggressive, neat, eat right and strive to learn more about the world around them.

Zaitsev's pedagogy of cooperation is very non-aggressive and gentle to the child:

• The mentor offers the children all the material at once, which master it at a convenient pace.
• The mentor works according to the child's program, without forcing him to do anything.
• The lack of evaluation of children excludes the appearance of lagging behind. Children's fear disappears, they just play, and losing is possible in the game.
• The atmosphere in the classroom is very democratic, the children do not notice the learning process itself, they just play, and the mentor directs them in the right direction.

The role of parents

Zaitsev's methodology is part of the pedagogy of cooperation. The main thing in it is the creation of a learning environment and a mentor.

• The educational environment is created together with parents, which gives a powerful impetus to the development of the child.
• Parents should also maintain the authority of mentors with their children.
• If at least one link falls out of the child-mentor-parents system, training becomes useless.
• Parents themselves should be carried away by learning, helping the child with pleasure. This will be the key to their child's success.
• If parents decide to teach their child according to the Zaitsev method at home, they must create a creative developmental environment, understand the basics of the system, and then begin systemic classes. Only then can one hope for success. It must be remembered that Zaitsev's cubes are not just toys, but study guides.

Advantages of Zaitsev's technique

Physicians, psychologists, valeologists, physiologists, and teachers speak well of Zaitsev's methodology. The system is based on the natural, natural reactions of the body, it is very easy to adapt to the conditions of a kindergarten, school or home, groups of children of different ages and composition. He shows himself well when working with special children.

Here are its advantages:

• rapid development of reading, writing and counting (10-12 lessons for preschoolers and a week for first graders);
• no attachment to a certain age;
• each child learns at their own pace;
• the possibility of successful home schooling;
• literacy for life;
• lack of hypodynamia and preservation of vision;
• absence of student-teacher-parent conflicts;
• development of self-organization of the child;
• simplicity, consistency, visibility;
• combination of game and strict internal logic.

Disadvantages of Zaitsev's technique

Many years of application of the Zaitsev system in kindergartens that develop and rehabilitation centers, schools revealed some shortcomings:

• There are complaints from speech therapists and defectologists about missing endings in speech.
• Children have difficulty with phonetics.
• Benefits are quite expensive.
• Difficulties in using the letter E.
• Homeschooling requires a combination with traditional methods to achieve results.
• With early learning to read, a powerful impetus is given to the development of centers for the perception of writing, which can lead to a delay in the development of oral speech.
• The technique is effective only for right-handers.
• Children may not hear individual speech sounds, which can affect writing.
• The system does not develop creativity.

The popularity of the Zaitsev system

The paradox of our country: a technique that is not recognized as a state educational system, is widely known and used not only in Russia and the CIS countries, but throughout the world (in Europe, Australia, USA, Israel). In 86 countries of the world, specialized centers for the training of zaychist teachers have been opened.

The author of the methodology can easily adapt it to any language of the world, which means that it is possible to create an international pedagogical complex. There are already methods for Russian, English, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kazakh, Tatar, Armenian and French.

Zaitsev has hundreds of like-minded people and followers. For example, Afanasova Elena Grigoryevna, a valeologist from Moscow, herself develops training manuals according to the Zaitsev system, has been successfully teaching children for 10 years, and preparing teachers.

Zaitsev's technique is based on a natural form of learning for kids... The child likes to learn and he shows successful results...

When to start learning to read? Techniques early development recommend starting teaching work with children almost from the cradle. This approach makes sense, because the baby's brain is actively growing and it is simply necessary to load it with information.

Alternative way learning:

In addition, current requirements for primary education so high that a child should come to first grade able to read fluently, write letters and simple words, having ideas about the account within ten. Preparation for school should be carried out in the preschool educational institution However, one year before school, fluent reading is unlikely to succeed.

That is why many parents begin to deal with the kids on their own from a very young age. How is it right and easy? One of best solutions offers the method of Nikolai Zaitsev, which has long established itself as the most effective.

Principles of the Zaitsev Method

Zaitsev's system is based on general pedagogical didactic principles of teaching:

• systems approach;
• taking into account the physiology of the baby, the speed of the flow of thought processes;
• visualization of training;
• stimulation of analytical mental activity by the method "from particular to general".

Idea innovative approach is to abandon the traditional teaching of reading by dividing the word into individual letters. This is much more physiological for a baby who speaks not in letters, but in indivisible speech units - syllables.

Second important point in that the technique is based on a natural form of knowledge of the world and information processing for kids - the game. Game cubes arouse sincere interest in the child and allow you to perfectly organize information. They differ in size, color and even content, that is, they involve different ways perception of information.

Zaitsev's development methodology is not limited to cubes: systematized tables, sound chants, Interesting games. However, it is the method of learning with the help of Zaitsev's cubes that is considered the secret of efficiency. The student is not limited in movement: in the classroom you can stand, sit, crawl, lie down. The child does not get tired during half-hour classes, which means that his interest is not lost.

Sound warehouses and game material

The creator of the technique replaced the traditional syllable with a combination of a vowel and a consonant letter, a consonant with a soft sign. This is the warehouse - a new speech unit, understandable to the baby. Each side of the cube contains a separate warehouse, so making a word is not difficult.

The process is so simple that a four-year-old can be well taught to read in two weeks. He's just playing with dice while assimilating information. This is the secret of the effectiveness of the technique.

There are no age restrictions on learning according to the Zaitsev system: you can study with six-month-old babies, with three-year-olds and with preschoolers, even first-graders. Learning can be adapted to any age. The youngest students, after a few months of classes, begin to speak and read at the same time. A four-year-old child reads quite freely after the fifth lesson.

Color is an important learning component. The cubes are colored different colours. Color differentiation allows a child to quickly and easily master such complex school knowledge as the pairing of consonants in voicing-softness, as well as to understand the difference between a consonant and a vowel.

Designed for very young children sound system. Different filling of the cubes allows you to connect the auditory perception of information.

Thematic material:

Mathematics and English

Zaitsev's method for children is not limited to teaching reading skills. Separate programs for teaching mathematics and studying of English language. The mathematical version of the technique is called “Hundred Count”, it allows you to see a set of numerical values ​​\u200b\u200bfrom zero to 99. The kid immediately gets a complete picture of the composition of any number within the first hundred, easily solves addition and subtraction examples.

Didactic material is represented by special cards, a numerical column and a numerical tape, which is very easy to work with.

The visualization of learning, practical actions with numbers, the game form of classes allow you to master the basics of arithmetic easily and without coercion, develop mathematical thinking, and increase your intellectual level.

Learning English is one of the directions of the methodology. Multi-colored cubes carry full information about morphology, syntax of the English sentence, allow you to easily and correctly build a statement on foreign language. A system of tables has been developed that fully describes English grammar. The visibility and systematization of educational material make it possible to use the system for teaching children and adults.

The advantages of the Zaitsev system are obvious. Sometimes parents fear that the child may experience difficulties at school, because phonetic principles are at odds with the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe "Zaitsev warehouse". However, a smart kid will easily master the school material.

No method of teaching reading and writing can be perfect. Consider the positive and negative aspects when teaching children to read according to the method of Nikolai Zaitsev.

Advantages of the technique

fluent reading

Of course, the main advantages of Zaitsev's technique include the fact that in the game the child quickly memorizes combinations of letters. Since warehouses are used instead of letters on the cubes, the child does not need to think long about reading individual letters - he just immediately reads the consonant and vowel together. Thus, it is much easier for the child to master the process of reading.

Literate writing

Warehouses, which are depicted on the faces of the cubes, represent only those combinations of letters that are possible in Russian. For example, you will not find a warehouse that combines hissing with Y. accordingly, learning from Zaitsev's cubes, the child will never make such mistakes in writing, since he simply will not imagine such a combination of letters.

No age restrictions

You can teach your child to read, even if he is not yet a year old. Zaitsev's methodology, although designed to work in kindergartens, effectively teaches children as the youngest preschool age, and children who went to first grade.

Quick effect

Zaitsev's technique is so effective that children of three to four years old successfully learn to read in 4-5 lessons with cubes and tables. Thus, the Zaitsev method is very useful if the child has difficulty with the school curriculum in the first grade or does not know how to read at all by the age of five or six. The technique works very quickly and efficiently.

Independence

According to the author of the methodology himself, the educational material should merge into the life of the child as something natural and inseparable from the daily routine. Classes should not be emphasized serious - they should be carried out imperceptibly, in a playful way. Throwing cubes to the child during the game, you give him new information, entertain him, and the child learns on his own - after all, he can play without your help, compose words and perform various tasks.

Health promotion and general development

Zaitsev's set consists of multi-colored cubes different size, which also make various sounds: crackle, ring, and so on. Thus, the author acts on several analyzers at once.

The color of the cubes is chosen in such a way as not to tire or irritate the child's eyes. The text is printed large and clear, which allows you to see warehouses from afar. During games according to Zaitsev, the cubes are in different places and the child needs to train the muscles of the eyeball. To cover all warehouses with a glance.

The sounds made by the cubes are different in pitch and timbre.

In addition, Zaitsev advises parents and teachers to voice warehouses with so-called chants. Thanks to songs and sounds, the child develops hearing, a sense of rhythm.

The cubes are different in size, which means that when working with them, the child will develop fine motor skills of the hands. The learning ability of the child, his ability to manipulate objects also depends on the development of fine motor skills.

Properly placed tables - above eye level, force the child to keep their back straight and reach for the table. And this means the prevention of scoliosis and congestion of the spine.

disadvantages

And it's not like that at school.

The difference between Zaitsev's methodology and the school curriculum leads to certain difficulties for the child. To begin with, it is difficult for a child to understand exactly how letters merge into syllables, and syllables into words. And at the same time, this is necessary in order to be able to correctly parse the morphemic composition of the word and pronounce the words correctly in the future. Unfortunately, Zaitsev's technique does not explain the alphabetic composition of the word to the baby, she immediately invites him to get acquainted with the warehouses. As a result, babies can swallow endings, make mistakes in morphemic and phonemic parsing of a word.

It is also worth noting that the colors of the cubes, with which the children have been working for quite a long time, cut into their memory. This means that if at school the teacher depicts vowels, consonants, deaf and sonorous colors that are different from Zaitsev's cubes, the child will be confused for a very long time. It will simply be difficult for him to get used to the new designations of already familiar syllables. Thus, the child will be very difficult to retrain.

Lack of Consistency

As noted above, Zaitsev does not use letter combinations in his cubes that cannot be found in Russian. However, on the dice you can see combinations such as BE, VE, GE, and so on. There are very few words in Russian in which E is written after the consonant. But, nevertheless, the child gets used to the fact that this combination exists and uses it not only in those words where it is appropriate. Therefore, educators will have to do double work, explaining to children which words can include the letter E after a consonant, and which ones cannot.

The high cost and laboriousness of the technique

Sadly, however, Nikolai Zaitsev's teaching aids are far from accessible to everyone. Blanks for cubes, tables and books with games and guidelines will be expensive. Even if you decide to make the cubes yourself, it will take money for printing and laminating, and your time too.

By the way, about time. Zaitsev's cubes are sold in the form of blanks. That is, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort to glue the cubes and somehow protect them from children's interest. After all, a two or three year old baby may well break the cubes in order to see what's inside.

The cubes are cardboard, which means no matter how hard you try. They will quickly fall into disrepair. And this means that you will need to spend more more money to buy new allowances.

How Zaitsev's cubes appeared

Nikolai Zaitsev was born and raised in a family of rural teachers and had no doubts about his choice of specialty: after school he entered the Faculty of Philology Pedagogical University them. Herzen. In the fifth year he was sent as a translator to Indonesia. There, Nikolai Alexandrovich began to teach Russian as a foreign language. This event became Starting point in creating it unique system learning to read and write. One of the most difficult languages world - Russian - had to be taught as soon as possible. The students were adults, already unaccustomed to learning people - officers. Such a task seemed overwhelming, but Zaitsev coped brilliantly. He invented new methods on the go, came up with original tables, tried to penetrate the essence of the language, so that - in the words of Zaitsev himself - "learn to pass it on to others."

The success inspired the young teacher to develop his own teaching system. A system that takes into account psychological features perception of the Russian language, free from unnecessary conventions and cumbersome rules, clear. Zaitsev began testing his method of teaching the Russian language in the middle classes of schools. The result of the test was depressing: Nikolai Alexandrovich was faced with the fact that the students did not understand their native language at all, they preferred to memorize the rules, rather than delve into them. The children, of course, were not to blame. After all, they are used to learning.

Then Zaitsev turned to preschoolers, including the smallest - children from one and a half years old. The techniques were adapted for kids - learning was reduced to games. And here the teacher expected success. His invention - cubes - was called the "ringing miracle". Children with difficulty learning to read and write began to read in just a few lessons. The methodology proved itself so well that a number of schools decided to completely switch to training according to Zaitsev.

We don't need an alphabet

After observing the children, how they comprehend the letter, Nikolai Zaitsev came to the following conclusions.

A common phenomenon: mother bought the alphabet, the child learned the letters, but cannot read. His words don't stick.

"The alphabet is harmful," says Nikolai Aleksandrovich. In the alphabet, a picture is given for each letter: A - stork, B - hippopotamus, etc. The kid will remember both the letter and the picture, but how then to explain to him that a zebra - a stork - a lizard - a heron, flashing in his mind, should form the word "hare". And even if the child did not learn letters from the alphabet, which makes it difficult to remember the names of the letters, it is still difficult for him to immediately realize that B and A turn into the syllable BA. That is why teachers are forced to go to different tricks to show how two letters merge into a syllable.

In Russian, a syllable can contain from 1 to 10 letters. You will meet in the text such a surname as Pfeldrt or Mkrtchyan - you will not read it right away, but there is only one syllable. Of course, such Difficult words the baby does not need to read, but even a simple one-syllable word "splash" will cause certain difficulties for a child reading in syllables.

3. A person first learns to write, and then to read.

It is easier for a child to go to reading through writing. Just like an adult when learning a new language. Provided, of course, that by writing we mean not "scratching with a pen in a notebook", but the transformation of sounds into signs, and by reading, respectively, the transformation of signs into sounds. Therefore, if you have ever tried to teach a child to recognize the most native words and wrote "mom", "dad", "grandmother", "grandfather", "Sasha" on asphalt or paper, and then asked: "Where is dad? And where grandmother? Where is your name?", then the child did not read, but wrote. He turned your sounds into signs written by you.

Alternative to syllables - warehouses

The basic unit of language for Zaitsev is not a sound, letter or syllable, but a warehouse.

A warehouse is a pair of a consonant and a vowel, or a consonant and a hard or soft sign, or even one letter. For example, SO-BA-KA, PA-RO-VO-3, A-I-S-T, etc. The warehouse principle of reading is the basis of the Zaitsev method of teaching children to read.

Why warehouse?

"Everything we say is combinations of a vowel-consonant pair," Nikolai Alexandrovich explains. "A consonant must be followed by a vowel sound. It may not be indicated on the letter, but it is there." Our ancestors felt this and put "yat" at the end of nouns ending in a consonant. Say, for example, the word: "o-a-zis", holding your hand on your throat, and you will feel the force of the ligaments before "o" and before "a", or, in Zaitsev's terminology, "the muscular effort of the speech apparatus." This very effort is the warehouse.

Warehouses on cubes

The baby sees warehouses not in a book, not on cards, but on cubes. This is the fundamental point of the Zaitsev system.

Why cubes?

Reading requires the work of analytical thinking (letters are abstract icons; the brain converts them into sounds, from which it synthesizes words), which begins to form only by school. That is why we and our parents at this age began to learn to read.

The lack of analytical thinking is compensated in the child by a heightened perception of the signals that the sense organs supply to him. Therefore, Nikolai Alexandrovich Zaitsev relied on vision, hearing and tactile sensations. He wrote warehouses on the faces of the cubes. He made the cubes different in color, size and sound that they make, so each time they are accessed, different channels of perception are turned on. This helps children to feel, rather than understand, the difference between vowels and consonants, voiced and soft.

Using these cubes, the child makes up words and begins to read them. Zaitsev's idea is simple: what is good to show, you don't need to talk about it for a long time (it's better to see it once). Children must first be interested in showing the subject of study, let it play, and then sum up the definition. This is how the holy law of learning is observed: from the concrete-figurative through the visual-effective to the verbal-logical.

Zaitsev Cubes. What are the cubes