Administrative-legal relation is a public relation in the sphere government controlled regulated by administrative law. Because of this, he has all the common features, inherent in any legal relationship (constitutional, civil, labor, housing, land, etc.).

Administrative-legal relations have specific features: firstly, these are predominantly power relations in which there is no legal equality of the parties; secondly, their character is predetermined by the dominant position of the managing party; thirdly, they always contain state interest to one degree or another, because they develop primarily in a special sphere of state and public life - in the sphere of public administration.

The inequality of the parties in administrative and legal terms is manifested in the fact that one of them is always vested with legal powers in relation to the other. Therefore, the relationship between two citizens, between two public associations, cannot be considered administrative-legal if at least one of the parties is not vested with authority.

Administrative legal relations can arise at the initiative of any of the parties, however, unlike, for example, civil legal relations in which the parties have equal rights, in an administrative legal relationship the consent of the second party is not prerequisite its occurrence. They may arise against the wishes of one of the parties, and for government bodies, entering into administrative-legal relations is not only an opportunity, but also their direct responsibility. Let us note that administrative and legal disputes between the parties are resolved, as a rule, administratively, i.e. by direct legally authoritative and unilateral order of an authorized management body or official.

For violation of the requirements of administrative legal norms, the parties to the relationship in question are not responsible for each other.

before a friend, but before the state, and in cases provided for by law, liability is possible in court.

Subjects of administrative-legal relations can be state and municipal government bodies, state and municipal employees, enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms of ownership, citizens of Russia, foreigners and stateless persons, and their rights and responsibilities are reciprocal: rights one party corresponds to the duties of the other and vice versa.

Administrative legal relations arise in the presence of legal facts, i.e. circumstances with which this rule of law connects the emergence, change or termination of legal relations between the parties. As a rule, they are represented by corresponding actions, and in some cases, events. (See paragraph 2.13)

More on topic 23.1. The concept and content of administrative-legal relations:

1. § 1. Concept and content of the administrative-legal status of individuals
2. § 1. Concept and content of the administrative and legal status of organizations

Administrative legal norm- a rule of law regulating relations in the field of public administration, as well as relations of a managerial nature that arise in the process of carrying out government activities.

Rules of administrative law:

v install legal provisions and competence

v regulate activity executive authorities;

v regulate the forms and methods of exercising executive power;

v determine the order of relationships between management subjects.

Features of administrative legal norms:

§ the goals of administrative legal norms are to ensure organizations And ordering functioning of the entire system of executive power;

§ administrative legal norms determine proper behavior all persons and organizations operating in the field of public administration;

§ established and ensured through administrative legal norms regime of legality and state discipline in social relations arising in the process of public administration;

§ administrative liability is a legal remedy protection from encroachments on administrative legal norms;

§ Administrative legal norms contribute to the settlement of such public relations, How financial, land, labor and etc.;

§ Administrative legal norms are often established in the process of exercising executive power.

Peculiarities structures administrative legal norms:

Not clearly expressed in all cases hypothesis. In some cases, it is presented in the form of legal facts (for example, reaching a certain age, committing an administrative offense, etc.);

The structure of many administrative legal norms does not contain sanctions, in these cases sanctions are provided for by other acts. For example, administrative regulations governing management activities, proceed from the fact that relations between higher and lower administrative and managerial employees are built on the principles of disciplinary power. In this case, sanctions are contained in the norms general, which belong to the institution of public service. The norms providing for specific elements of administrative offenses stipulate specific administrative sanctions;

Administrative legal sanctions are characterized by diversity: administrative sanctions, disciplinary, administrative-material, administrative-procedural;

Sanctions in administrative law are divided into absolutely certain and relatively certain.

Theoretical understanding of the problem of administrative-legal relations traditionally causes difficulties, since this institution is associated with all (no less complex) institutions of administrative law. The essence of administrative-legal relations should determine the main features of both material and procedural administrative-legal norms, i.e., the management process and administrative-procedural activities. The fundamental position is that a citizen is one of the most important participants in administrative-legal relations, the most important subject of administrative law, which should provide the citizen with maximum legal opportunities in the event of unlawful actions of government bodies ( officials) to protect his violated rights and freedoms.

According to one concept, administrative-legal relations are characterized by the following features:

• they arise in the process of public administration;
• have a government body (executive authority) as a mandatory subject;
• are relations of power and subordination and are characterized by legal inequality of the parties.

Another concept of administrative-legal relations also consists of three points: 1) arise in the field of public administration; 2) can take place between all subjects of administrative law in any combination; 3) are divided according to the relationship between the rights and obligations of participants into two groups: a) relations of power and subordination; b) relations of equality. This approach to the consideration of administrative-legal relations has remained practically to this day.

Despite some differences in understanding the essence of administrative-legal relations, one can point out a common drawback inherent in both concepts: they do not say anything about such an important feature of these relations as the need to establish a guarantee of judicial protection of the rights and interests of citizens in relation to governance. In other words, if such a guarantee of judicial protection is absent, then it is hardly possible to talk about civilized administrative-legal relations, characterized by organizational structure, the mandatory presence of a governing body that implements power managerial competence and so on. In broader terms, this deficiency could be defined as the lack legal regime administrative-legal relations, such as the lack of a regime for ensuring legal protection of citizens in relation to management (executive power).

Death Island - Treasure Island

These small patches of land are usually called the outer islands of the Gulf of Finland. The sea route to ours is laid past them. Northern capital along the narrow water “tongue” that the Baltic stuck out. On one side is Finland, on the other is Estonia; the main fairway passing nearby reminds of itself with ships sailing one after another, and here, in a deserted bear corner on the islands, life seems to have stood still, preserving the evidence of long-past battles.

Ordinary citizens have no access here: the border zone. However, in the last few years, the St. Petersburg “terra incognita” was examined by members of expeditions of the Russian Geographical Society, who discovered many relics from the times of the Great Patriotic War. An MK correspondent met with one of the search engines.

The barrel of an anti-aircraft automatic gun. Photo by Artem Khutorskaya.

In total, there are 14 islands in the “outer” group. The largest of them is Gogland, whose area is about 21 square meters. km. And the smallest ones barely reach 100-150 meters in diameter. Since ancient times, these fragments of land have been considered important strategic objects for control over shipping in the Gulf of Finland, and therefore on the largest ones - Gogland, Moshchny, Seskar, Bolshoy Tyuters, Sommers - fortification work was previously actively carried out, batteries and pillboxes were built from concrete, hollowed out in granite rocks caponiers, trenches, shelters.

From 1920 to 1940, the islands were part of Finland. After the USSR victory in the winter war, they found themselves under the red flag, but not for long. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Nazis planned, together with the Finns, to capture all the “external” ones. However, several islands were still held by the Red Army and the Baltic Fleet. These few pieces of land were important areas of defense of the Leningrad blockade ring. For some time, a kind of front line along the water was established in the Gulf of Finland: the eastern islands were behind us, the western islands were behind the enemy. It was very difficult to supply the garrisons of the Soviet part. The ships made their way there across the bay under attacks from four sides: they were shot at from right and left - from the coasts of Finland and Estonia, occupied by the enemy, German aircraft attacked from above, and enemy submarines threatened from below, from under the water...

Even in the first period of the war, our sailors tried several times to return the lost island territories. But only in the fall of 1944 all the “external” ones were again under the control of the Soviet side: the enemy left the islands without a fight.

The military events that happened here are now almost forgotten. But the same Hogland was noted during the war for a unique battle: the Germans fought with the Finns. This happened during Operation Tanne Ost in the fall of 1944. A few days earlier, Finland announced its withdrawal from the war, and then the German command decided to capture Gogland, which was well fortified by the Finns, which was the most important point for monitoring the situation in the Gulf of Finland. The Germans continued to consider the army of the Suomi Country their ally and hoped that the northerners would simply surrender to them all the batteries and strongholds on the island without a fight. However, these hopes were not realized. When the German ships tried to land troops, the Finns, faithful to the obligations just given by the USSR, began to defend themselves fiercely. The forces, however, turned out to be unequal, and in order to avoid defeat, the Finns called in our aviation for help. Several squadrons of attack aircraft and bombers made a vinaigrette out of the Germans on Gogland - the enemy landing force was defeated, the Nazis lost about 2,300 people. This is an unprecedented case of military cooperation between warring countries: although at that time there was a truce between Finland and Soviet Union, however, formally we were still enemies with them!

According to historians, among the Red Army and Red Navy soldiers who participated in combat operations on the outer islands of the Gulf of Finland during the war, losses amounted to at least 1,500 people - killed, drowned, missing, or died from wounds. Moreover, the bodies of most of these victims were never found... How many Germans and Finns died there during the same time - no one at all counted.

After the end of the war, the islands fell into oblivion. The population of the previously existing Finnish villages did not return here, large defensive structures were not built to replace the previous ones... Now the entire population of the “external” ones is a few attendants of the lighthouses working here and several small military units: border guards, locator workers, sailors. It was the desolation and inaccessibility that caused the islands to become a preserve of time.

Special trailer for anti-aircraft artillery fire control device. Photo by Artem Khutorskaya.

Hellish filling of Big Tyuters

“Since 1992, I have been engaged in search work at battle sites,” says Artem Khutorskoy, deputy executive director of the Expedition Center of the Russian Geographical Society for search activities. — In the summer of 2013, friends and colleagues from the Leningrad regional branch of the Russian Geographical Society invited me to visit the island of Gogland, where students from several St. Petersburg universities had field internships. We arrived for only four days, but even this period was enough to fall in love with the nature there. And in the evening, around the fire, the “old-timers” told us that nearby is Bolshoy Tyuters Island, and since the Great Patriotic War, everything there has been literally filled with abandoned military equipment…

Frankly, I thought these were classic stories that search engines often hear. However, with Bolshoi Tyuters it turned out to be completely different. Upon returning home, I found the first factual information confirming that numerous artifacts of the past war were indeed still preserved on this island on the Internet. And already in the fall of the same 2013, thanks to a happy coincidence, I was able to visit this protected corner myself: I was offered to take part in a search expedition to Bolshoy Tyuters as a specialist in military equipment and weapons of Germany.

What we saw there exceeded all our wildest expectations. “Iron” from the war began to catch my eye literally from the first steps on the island. Anti-aircraft batteries, searchlight installations, field kitchens, pyramids of shells, mountains of some parts piled up in a heap, the remains of our and German fortifications... However, walking in this military museum under open air need to be done with caution.

- What is the main danger?

— The Germans placed an impressive garrison on Bolshoi Tyuters - about 2,000 people, and installed several powerful batteries. They ruled the island for more than two years and all this time they lived there very freely: our air raids and shelling from the sea did not cause any significant damage. True, the Soviet command twice tried to take control of the island. The first attempt to land troops dates back to April 1, 1942. The fighting went on for several days, but as a result our detachment suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat. A few days later, on April 13, they launched another assault on Bolshoi Tyuters - and also unsuccessfully...

The situation changed rapidly in 1944. By the beginning of September, our troops had advanced on all sectors of the front, and serious danger loomed over the garrisons of the outer islands occupied by the Germans. Hitler's command preferred in this situation, without waiting for Soviet attacks, to give the order for evacuation.

It took place on September 18 and was so rapid that the Germans were not even able to remove almost a single gun from there. But at that time, a massive offensive of the Red Army troops was already underway on the Soviet-German front, our aviation was gaining overwhelming air superiority, so for the Wehrmacht, every anti-aircraft, every anti-tank gun was literally worth its weight in gold! But the Germans had to blow up those that stood on Tyuters. They rendered not only the guns unusable, but also all the mechanisms and instruments. Even the field kitchens did not survive: the Nazis threw a grenade into the cauldron of each of them...

During the occupation, the Germans managed to import a huge amount of ammunition. Leaving the island in a hurry, they were unable to evacuate this entire arsenal, but they also did not risk blowing it up, fearing that powerful explosion will cover the departing ships with a garrison. As a result, the enemy tried to mine the entire hellish filling of Bolshoi Tyuters. This deadly surprise found its first victims among the paratroopers who landed on the island abandoned by the enemy two days later - September 20, 1944. Then the list of dead kept growing. Even many years after the Victory, the people who found themselves there continued to die from being blown up by Nazi ammunition. It’s not for nothing that until recently Bolshoi Tyuters was called the island of death...

On this it would seem small area land (about 8 sq. kilometers) there have been repeated attempts to clear mines: sappers came here immediately after the war, and in the 1950s and 1960s, and there is information that many of them died here. Finally, in 2005, mine clearance specialists from the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, together with their colleagues from the Swedish Agency rescue services carried out a large-scale cleanup of the island of death. They discovered more than 30 thousand explosive items from the war - shells, mines, bombs, cartridges... Some of the ammunition was destroyed, some was rendered harmless by removing the fuses from them. So Big Tyuters parted with his former terrible nickname.

- Let's return from the “explosive” past to the present...

— Based on the results of our short-term exploration expedition, carried out with a grant allocated by the Russian Geographical Society, a report was prepared addressed to its president, Sergei Shoigu. We tried to outline the situation as clearly as possible: unique equipment from World War II survived on the islands, it needs to be saved for the country’s museum collections, and there is an opportunity to do this. Sergei Kuzhugetovich read this summary and made a resolution: we must continue the work and expand the search. As a result, already in next year we received a new grant from the Russian Geographical Society. These funds were enough to explore almost all the islands in the summer of 2014 (we visited 13 of them, and we were unable to reach only one, a tiny one, which is located in the distance: there was not enough time and diesel fuel for the engines). As a result of the survey raid, it became obvious that the main repository of artifacts is, after all, Bolshoi Tyuters. That same summer we were able to examine it very thoroughly: a special search expedition was organized. This is a unique island both historically and military-technically. There are maybe only two or three of these in the whole world.

— Did you manage to make any unusual finds?

— Almost all the finds there are unusual. But I’ll start, perhaps, with hiding places. On the island we found two old caches. One of them is in very convenient location. Imagine: the rock hangs from above, like the visor of a gigantic cap, and under the “visor” there is a narrow gap, so that you can only crawl into it by crawling. And this hole leads into a small cave...

There are still disputes about who the caches might have belonged to. In these secret shelters, improvised beds are built, and the remains of firewood that were once stored...

Our search engine guys later, already on mainland, began to study archival documents and found out: in 1943, two reconnaissance groups disappeared on the island. Moreover, about one of them there were no details at all in our archives. And about the second group it is known that it consisted of two people - and both were called Ivans. These two, having landed safely, began transmitting radiograms with information, but then suddenly disappeared from the air. What trouble happened to them?

At first there was an assumption that the Ivans were killed or captured by the Nazis. However, from the materials that we were able to find in the German archives, it turned out that the enemy was unable to detect the scouts. I have copies of documents: 800 people were sent to comb the island - with so many soldiers it was possible to search almost every centimeter! As a result, the Fritz found some traces of our reconnaissance group: bandages hidden in the wilderness of the forest, a supply of food, lamps for the transmitter... After a thorough examination of the coastline of the island, they stumbled upon something hidden in the stones. inflatable boat. But the Germans never found the Ivanovs themselves. Judging by documents from the Soviet archives, according to the operation plan developed in advance, our submarine approached the island at the agreed time and place behind the scouts. She waited for them for two nights, but to no avail. The two Ivanovs also never got in touch again. The mystery of this disappearance has not yet been solved...

Entrance to a concrete bunker. Photo by Artem Khutorskaya.

The “defector” gun

— What other reminders of that war were found on Bolshoi Tyuters?

- There are several German guns on the island - and completely unique ones. There is, for example, an anti-tank gun, which, according to experts, is now preserved in a single copy all over the world. So, it turns out that another such rarity has survived on Bolshoi Tyuters.

- What kind of miracle of technology is this?

- This and weapons of the same type have - interesting biography. Even before the war, many units of the Red Army were equipped with 76-mm caliber regimental guns - they were produced en masse by factories. In the first months of the Great Patriotic War a large number of Such guns went to the enemy - the Germans and Finns, who included the trophies in their artillery. And if in the army of the Country of Suomi our “regiments” were used without any modifications, then in the Wehrmacht units the Russian 76-millimeter guns were modernized. For example, they were equipped with more advanced aiming systems, a muzzle was attached to the barrel... The ex-Soviet guns were very useful to the Nazis for organizing anti-tank defense. (It should be noted that in the initial period of the war against the USSR, the Germans experienced an acute shortage of anti-tank weapons. After all, before the attack on our country, Hitler’s generals planned completely different combat tactics - they did not imagine that as the war progressed they would have to repel more and more massive tank attacks units of the Red Army, and therefore at first they were not too concerned about the massive supply of anti-tank defense guns to the front line. And when they realized it, it was already very difficult to fill this gap: the industry of the Third Reich could not provide such a number of anti-tank guns.)

During the period of the victorious end of the war Eastern Front Some of the “Soviet-German” anti-tank guns were destroyed, and others that survived and were taken back by us as trophies were soon sent for melting down - so that even such a “disguised” memory of Nazism would not be preserved. I have already mentioned the result of such a global cleanup: before our expedition, only a single surviving cannon was known, and even then, according to available information, it is located overseas - there are no such examples in European museums. (In general, examples of captured military equipment are probably the rarest subject of museum collecting, since such samples are usually not preserved, they tend to dispose of them “without delay.”) And now another “defector” gun has been discovered.

Among other rarities of the “treasure island” was a whole collection of German searchlight equipment. There we also found six anti-aircraft guns automatic installations- and “in assortment”, of different calibers: 20 mm, 40 mm...

And more about the “gifts” of Bolshoi Tyuters. In Russia, only a single copy of the 88-mm German anti-aircraft gun is now stored, which was recognized by experts as the best anti-aircraft gun of the Second World War (but the Wehrmacht also had to spend a lot of money on this technical excellence: the miracle anti-aircraft gun cost almost 35,000 Reichsmarks, despite the fact that a simple Mercedes cost the buyer 4000). Not so long ago, such an 88-mm film was purchased in France and taken to our country by the owner of one of the private museums of technology. And on Bolshoi Tyuters we counted as many as five of these!

In Russian museum exhibitions you can find only a couple of examples of a German mobile anti-aircraft searchlight. And on this island they found eight of them at once. The situation is similar with German gasoline generator on wheels. It is believed that we have one such sample preserved in Russia, and while searching the wilderness of Bolshoy Tyuters, we came across a whole “deposit” of such technical rarities...

In general, almost all the old German technology that survived on this island is unique to our country. Indeed, in the post-war USSR, its then leaders made a lot of efforts to destroy everything connected with the damned enemy - the German army and its weapons. Therefore, enemy tanks, planes, and artillery installations were completely liquidated and sent for scrap metal... Even those specimens that were exhibited at grandiose exhibitions of captured military equipment (the most famous of them were organized during the war on the territory of the Central Park of Culture and Leisure in Moscow) were subsequently sent for melting.

— But why did this “hardware” survive to this day on Bolshoi Tyuters?

— Because after the war there was no military garrison there, the small island remained practically deserted for many years. It is also necessary to take into account the most important fact: This is a border area and access is limited. However, to say that the equipment is well preserved is still not entirely true. In fact, these retro specimens are fairly tattered; they show damage that was clearly inflicted at a later time. Most likely, non-ferrous metal collectors, visiting tourists, fishermen, and “diggers” did their best here...

- But how could they end up “banned”?

“So, for some, getting permission to be present in the border zone is a problem (I don’t even want to remember how many ordeals the organizers of our expedition had to go through for this in 2013!), but for others they manage to turn on for themselves a loved one” green light" The so-called black diggers, apparently, did not have such problems. I later found photos on the Internet of people posing near these cannons on Bolshoi Tyuters, read messages from illegal immigrants: they say that they managed to take something out... And these are not empty boasts. At least two guns were taken from the island somewhere - that is, simply put, stolen! They are in the photo from the Internet, but when we got to the place, these guns were not found.

The Germans stored fuel reserves in such barrels. Photo by Artem Khutorskaya.

Save everything!

— Based on the results of our surveys of the island, a report was prepared for the Russian Geographical Society and the Ministry of Defense. Based on the data contained therein, Sergei Shoigu signed a plan for his ministry’s expeditionary work for 2015 at the end of last December. It also includes the following item: “Removal of military-historical equipment from Bolshoi Tyuters Island and its surrounding islands, which will be found during the spring expedition.”

Such attention from high military authorities forces the search engines of the Expeditionary Center of the Russian Geographical Society to work at maximum speed. During the three expedition weeks scheduled for May-June, we need to comb through all the nooks and crannies of the islands that we were not able to explore last year. There is a lot of work to be done!

— How realistic is it not only to take out the rarities you mentioned, but also to restore them in their original “standard” form for display in museums? Still, for almost 70 years this “iron” experienced the onslaught of rain, winds, salty sea spray...

— The existing experience of search engines and restorers proves that from the point of view of the conditions for preserving retro equipment, the Baltic is unique! Nature there seems to be specially programmed to preserve the products of human hands. It comes to the point that even some fragile parts made of simple stamped steel - in addition, which have clearly experienced the effects of an explosion or fire - are preserved quite tolerably here, although similar finds made in other places often simply crumble when you touch them.

Another thing is that the mentioned equipment was damaged, blown up by the Germans themselves in 1944, before their departure from the islands. However, skilled restorers will turn our finds into exhibition samples without any problems.

— According to the planned plan, will they remove everything interesting that the search expeditions managed to discover?

“We will strive to have all military artifacts from the islands that have been preserved in a more or less transportable state sent to the mainland.” Here it is necessary to take into account that we're talking about about the technology unique to our country during the Great Patriotic War. Of course, some of these copies can be purchased, say, at an auction in France and brought to Russia, but this costs a lot of money. Only a very rich collector-fan can afford such expenses.

— What fate awaits the mentioned rarities? Where will they end up after evacuating the island?

— Further prospects for “Tyuter” retro technology largely depend on the joint decision of the Ministry of Defense and the Russian Geographical Society. For our part, we would propose to adhere to the principle of public and private partnership. That is, some of the finds should be transferred for restoration and exhibition to private museums of technology. After all, the volume of work to restore the rarities discovered in Tyuters is colossal. And in these difficult times, the state does not have sufficient quantity the means to do it yourself.

—Are you not afraid to talk in detail about the unique military artifacts discovered on the islands? What if, having read about this in MK, one of the enterprising “seekers” decides to quickly pull something out of retro technology and beat you to it? They themselves talked about the stolen guns...

“Now we are no longer afraid of such incidents. And publication in the newspaper will only contribute to the preservation of these war relics: I think that after this problem is made public, the leadership of the Baltic Fleet, the Western Military District, and border guards will take these places under even greater control and protection from the penetration of outsiders.

Photo by Artem Khutorskaya.

Missing graves

— In 2014, members of an expedition from the Russian Search Movement explored the territory of Gogland. But superficially: the island is still very large. So far it has been possible to discover the remains of only one Red Army soldier. And regarding all the “hardware”, we were convinced that now nothing interesting has been preserved on Gogland. All Finnish equipment and weapons were exported either for scrap metal or as trophies (it is known that some of the Finnish guns were used by the Red Army in the hostilities of 1944-1945).

Meanwhile, according to available information, somewhere on the island there should be a mass grave of those who died in 1941 from German shells, bombs and mines during the breakthrough of the notorious “Tallinn convoy” - a caravan of our combat and transport ships heading to Leningrad from Estonia, which was under the threat of occupation. Accurate information about the burial place of these people - most of them civilians - has not yet been found. And in one of the old Finnish cemeteries, several graves of Soviet military sailors survived. Among them, Petty Officer 1st Article Merinov and Captain Rudy were remembered: judging by the inscription on the gravestone tablet, the lives of both were cut short on May 10, 1945 - the day after the Victory... What could have happened to them? According to official data, the sailors were killed by an enemy mine.

On another island - Sommers - there should also be a mass grave. It was organized by the Finns after the death of the Soviet landing force in the summer of 1942. Now little is remembered about this large-scale operation of the Baltic Fleet. But then, from July 8 to 12, ours lost over 300 paratroopers in fierce but unsuccessful battles - almost everyone who landed on this small island, measuring only 500x900 meters. Only a small part of the paratroopers were captured, and our boats managed to pick up several. Last year, members of our expedition looked for this mass grave, but, unfortunately, without success. Over the months that have passed since then, we have been able to study new archival materials, and now it is already obvious to us where exactly we should search.

A joint expedition of the Russian Geographical Society, the Ministry of Defense and the Russian Search Movement is planned for the 2015 season. We will work on three islands at the same time - on Gogland, Sommers and Bolshoi Tyuters. As for this last one, our plans are not only to thoroughly comb the entire island, but to compile detailed diagram indicating all the equipment from the war that was preserved there, as well as preparing a plan for its evacuation. By the way, the list of necessary technical means for such evacuation of artifacts is already ready and sent to the Ministry of Defense.

— Are there other places where you can find something preserved from the Second World War in our time? military equipment?

- A very rich “deposit” - on Kuril Islands. We already carried out exploration expeditions there together with the Ministry of Defense last year - we discovered Japanese tanks, cars... But there are also much closer geographically “deposits” of retro equipment. Crimea has now returned to us, and from documentary sources it is known that in its coastal waters lie two or three German transports sunk during the war, chock full of self-propelled guns and anti-aircraft guns. At a time when the peninsula was part of independent Ukraine, several of these self-propelled guns and guns, according to my information, were raised with the connivance of the previous authorities and disappeared in an unknown direction. But each such combat vehicle in restored condition costs collectors in the West millions of dollars!

When carrying out the evacuation of “iron” found on the islands in the Gulf of Finland from the time of the Great Patriotic War, such “private enterprise” initiatives are excluded: we organize the strictest control. All exported samples of equipment and even its fragments will be sent to mainland be carefully described, photographed, and sealed so that nothing goes missing or gets mixed up. We will draw up acts signed by representatives of all responsible parties: the Russian Geographical Society, the Ministry of Defense, authorized for delivery and storage...

By the way, there, on the outer islands, in this remote corner that few people know about, in addition to military relics, there are other objects that require attention. For example, ancient lighthouses have survived there (although often not in the best condition), and on the island of Seskar, even the first cast-iron lighthouse in Russia, built in 1863, has been preserved. On several of these pieces of land there are ruins of Finnish villages, old cemeteries, preserved from the last and even the century before last. Now they are a depressing sight: everything is torn apart, stone monuments are overturned, broken, someone tried to dig up some graves (and, judging by the traces, not so long ago)...

Of course, justifying such desolation and devastation, one can refer to the fact that this is all “enemy heritage”, remember that we fought against the Germans and Finns. However, this is not an argument. It is necessary to instill in people hatred for the enemy, but respect for the enemy and not take out your anger on his cemeteries. If this law had been observed in previous years, then perhaps the war would have gone differently.