Separator continuous blowing cyclone type is designed to separate the boiler blowdown water into steam and water formed from the blowdown water of steam boilers when its pressure is reduced from intra-boiler pressure to the pressure in the separator and for the purpose of subsequent use of the heat of water and steam. Separation occurs due to the action of centrifugal forces caused by the tangential input of water into the separator. After this, steam with a high degree of dryness is supplied to the consumer.
Continuous blowing separator SNP-0.15-1.4
Separators can be used in condensate collection systems to reduce the consumption of steam consumed and heat losses from the removed steam-condensate mixture.
In addition to the tangential supply of condensate (blowdown water), the separators are equipped with vertical louvered drop eliminators for drying the secondary boiling steam. The separator is used in circuits with an atmospheric deaerator.
Main parameters and technical characteristics
| Name | Unit change |
SNP-0.15-0.06 (Du-300) |
SNP-0.15-0.8 (Du-300) |
SNP-0.15-1.4 (Du-300) |
SP-0.28-0.45 (Du-450) |
SP-0.7-0.6 (Du-600) |
SP-1.4-0.8 (Du-800) |
SP-1.5-0.8 (Du-800) |
SP-5.5-1.4 (Du-800) |
| Working pressure | MPa | 0,06 | 0,8 | 1,4 | 0,45 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 1,4 |
| Temperature | o C | 113 | 174,5 | 194 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 175 | 127 |
| Test pressure | MPa | 0,16 | 1,0 | 1,75 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,1 | 0,2 |
| Steam capacity | t/h | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0,7 | 2,75 | 5,26 | 12,5 | 70,0 |
| Capacity | m 3 | 0,15 | 0,15 | 0,15 | 0,28 | 0,7 | 1,4 | 1,5 | 5,5 |
| Dry weight without components | kg | 175 | 175 | 245 | 470 | 756 | 1114 | 1200 | 1878 |
| Weight of components | kg | 85 | 85 | 90 | 110 | 120 | 128 | 128 | 150 |
Design and principle of operation
The separator is a vertical cylindrical vessel(see Fig. 1) with elliptical bottoms, supply pipes placed oppositely, steam and drain pipes, a level indicator for visual control, a spring safety valve, and a float-type condensate drain that automatically maintains the water level. The swirling of the flow is carried out due to the organized supply of the steam-water mixture to the inner wall of the separator with the installation of internal guide devices. Typically, the blowdown water consumption for the separator ranges from 1% to 5% of the boiler output.
Separation into steam and water occurs in the middle part of the separator. The steam, while maintaining rotational motion, is directed into the steam space and discharged through a pipe located on the upper bottom. Water flows down the inner surface of the separator into the water volume and is discharged through a pipe located in the lower part of the housing. A fitting is provided on the lower bottom for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for periodically cleaning the lower part of the water volume from sludge and contaminants.
Rice. 1. Continuous blow separator
Rice. 2. Continuous blowing separator piping diagram
On the cylindrical part of the body, two supports are welded for installing the separator and nozzles for the tangential supply of the steam-water mixture of boiler purge water to the separator. In the upper bottom of the separator there is a pipe with a flange for the outlet of separated steam, and in the lower bottom there is a fitting with a valve for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for the possibility of periodically removing sludge and contaminants from the lower part of the water volume.
The lower cylindrical part of the housing has a float-type condensate drain and a level indicator. Using the level indicator, the water level is visually monitored. The float steam trap is designed for automatic maintenance constant water level in the separator.
Rice. 3. Connection diagram of the separator to the continuous blowdown of boilers.
1 – input of continuous boiler blowdown; 2 – pipelines high pressure; 3 – boiler blowing control unit; 4 – limit washers; 5 – shut-off valve; 6 – supply pipeline low pressure; 7 – supply pipes (nozzles); 8 – steam output; 9 – drainage; 10 – output of separated water.
The steam is directed into the steam space, and the separated water flows down the inner wall of the separator into the water volume.
Installation procedure
The separator is installed in accordance with the technical documentation developed by specialized design organizations and the requirements of the installation instructions.
To prevent a possible increase in pressure, a spring safety valve is provided on the separator body.
The separator is installed in a vertical position on pre-assembled support beams. Next, instrumentation, safety devices, a float condensate trap are installed and piping is performed.
The installation of the separator must provide the possibility of inspection, repair and cleaning of it both internally and externally. outside, must eliminate the danger of it tipping over. Hanging of the separator on the connecting pipelines is not allowed.
During installation, for ease of maintenance of the separator, platforms and stairs can be installed, which should not interfere with the strength, stability and possibility of free inspection and cleaning outer surface.
After installing and fastening the separator, piping it and equipping it with fittings, it is necessary to perform a hydraulic (pneumatic) test. After the hydraulic test, the separator and pipelines are washed, the functionality of the fittings, float steam trap, and safety valve is checked, after which the separator is put into operation.
Maintenance and Operation
The condition for normal and reliable operation of the separator is to ensure continuous removal of steam and water from the separator and maintain pressure in the separator within established limits. This is achieved if the float steam trap and safety valve are in good condition.
The separator must be under constant supervision service personnel. The proper condition of the float steam trap should be properly monitored:
- check the sight glass, which must be installed behind the condensate drain, once per shift;
- monitor steam pressure at least 3 times per shift;
- at least 3 times per shift, monitor the availability of normal level condensation in the housing along the water indicator glass.
- purge the level indicator at least once per shift, depending on the quality of the purge water.
The safety valve must be forcibly undermined at least once per shift, followed by monitoring of the return of the valve to its original position and the absence of steam leaks. Periodic inspection of the separator should be carried out both for preventive purposes and to identify the causes of problems that have arisen.
Inspection and cleaning of the separator body must be carried out at least once every 2-3 years when the separator is shut down for routine and major repairs.
Continuous blowing separators must undergo technical inspection after installation, before putting into operation, periodically during operation and, if necessary, extraordinary inspection.
In case of long-term repairs, as well as insufficient density of the shut-off valves, the equipment being repaired should be switched off. The thickness of the plugs must correspond to the parameters of the working environment.
When loosening bolts on flange connections, care must be taken to ensure that steam and water inside the separator and piping do not cause burns to people.
Price: 52,000 rub.
Boiler separation device (boiler separation devices)
The purpose of steam boilers is to produce steam and its further use.
One of the devices that is used to separate a steam-water mixture into steam and water,
is .
If we think of it geometrically, then the mixture input can be represented tangentially.
Thus, steam separation occurs due to centripetal (centrifugal) forces.
Nozzle at the inlet separator flattened, which enhances the centrifugal effect of separating the steam-water mixture.
Steam boiler separator (expander)
The steam, while maintaining rotational motion, is directed into the steam space and discharged through the pipe. Water flows down the inner wall separator into the water volume.
The float level control automatically maintains separator water level, which is visually determined by the level indicator.
Continuous blowdown expander
The float can be locked in the upper position by turning the locking handle 30°
To buy continuous blowing separator DN 300, click “submit a request” or call.
Boiler drum separation device
The separator kit includes:
- the separator itself;
- float level regulator;
- locking device with glass;
- 2 valves
Installation and installation of continuous blowing separator Du-300
Boiler blowdown expander
1. The separator is installed in a vertical position on pre-assembled support beams.
2. After installing the separator on the supports, instrumentation, safety devices, a float level regulator are installed, and piping is carried out.
3. The installation of the separator must provide the possibility of inspection, repair and cleaning of it both from the inside and from the outside, and must eliminate the danger of it tipping over. Hanging of the separator on the connecting pipelines is not allowed.
4. During installation, for ease of maintenance of the separator, platforms and stairs can be installed, which should not interfere with the strength, stability and possibility of free inspection and cleaning of the outer surface. Welding them to the apparatus must be carried out according to the design in accordance with the “Rules for the Design and safe operation vessels operating under pressure."
5. After installing and fastening the separator, piping it and equipping it with fittings, it is necessary to carry out a hydraulic (pneumatic) test.
6. After the hydraulic test, the separator and pipelines are washed, the functionality of the fittings, float level regulator, and safety valve is checked, after which the separator is put into operation.
Steam boiler separation devices
Operating procedure and startup of the continuous blowing separator Du-300
Schematic diagram separator operation
Purge separator (expander)
After making sure that the pipelines, fittings and instrumentation are in good condition, proceed to putting the separator into operation, for which you must:
— smoothly open valves 1 (Fig. 29), fill the continuous blowdown separator with the mixture from the boiler blowdown valve;
— open valve 4 for drainage and valve 2 for the outlet of separated steam;
— close valve 4 and monitor the water level using the water indicator glass;
— when the normal water level is reached, smoothly open valve 3 of the separated water outlet, which is used to regulate the process of separation of the steam-water mixture and establish a constant water level in the lower part of the housing.
After starting the separator, when a pressure corresponding to the technical specifications, the separator is considered to be in normal operation.
Maintenance of continuous blowing separator Du-300
The separator must be under constant supervision of maintenance personnel.
To provide uninterrupted operation separator, it is necessary to carry out the following checks at least 3 times per shift:
- steam pressure;
— for the presence of a normal level of condensate in the housing according to the water indicator glass (normal operation of the condensate control system in the housing).
It is necessary to periodically blow out the water indicator glasses.
Periodic inspection of the separator should be carried out both for preventive purposes and to identify the causes of problems that have arisen.
Inspection and cleaning of the separator body must be carried out at least once every 2-3 years when the separator is shut down for routine and major repairs.
Continuous blowing separators must undergo technical inspection after installation, before putting into operation, periodically during operation and, if necessary, extraordinary inspection.
In case of long-term repairs, as well as insufficient density of the shut-off valves, the equipment being repaired should be switched off. The thickness of the plugs must correspond to the parameters of the working environment.
When loosening bolts on flange connections, care must be taken to ensure that steam and water inside the separator and piping do not cause burns to people.
The article provides information on continuous and periodic boiler purging, provides a real purge diagram and design drawings related to RNP and RPP
Problems due to salts in boiler water
The boiler water must maintain a constant salt composition, i.e. the introduction of salts and contaminants with the feed water must correspond to their removal from the boiler. This is achieved by carrying out continuous and periodic blowdowns.
If there is insufficient removal of salts from the boiler, they accumulate in the boiler water and intensive scale formation occurs in heat-stressed areas screen pipes, which reduces the thermal conductivity of pipes, leads to bulges, ruptures, emergency shutdowns, and, accordingly, to a decrease in the reliability and efficiency of the boiler. Therefore, optimal and timely removal of salts and sludge from the boiler is of decisive importance.
Drum steam separators
The higher the steam parameters, the worse the dissolution of salts in the feed water. The fewer dissolved salts in the boiler water and the drier the resulting steam, the cleaner it is considered. The removal of moisture with steam is considered unacceptable, since it contains salts, and during evaporation they will settle on internal surfaces pipes in the form of sludge.
Inside the boiler drum are special devices(separators) that separate moisture from steam. Very often, cyclone separators are installed inside the boiler drums, which separate water particles from steam. Louvre separators are also used; such a separator is shown in the diagram of a medium pressure drum.
To prevent scale formation on the heat exchange surfaces of the boiler, phosphates are introduced into the drum, which results in the formation of sparingly soluble compounds in the form of sludge in the boiler water. The removal of salts from the boiler drum is achieved through blowing.
Usually the drum is divided into a clean compartment and a dirty one. Water is blown from the clean compartment into the dirty one.
This is done in order to lose as little water as possible with purging. Blowing will be carried out from the dirty (salt compartment), where the concentration of salts is much higher than in the clean compartment, therefore, the carryover of water with blowing from the dirty compartment will be lower.
Dirty compartments are smaller than clean ones, so the main part of the steam is generated in the clean compartment and therefore the total salt content in the steam decreases. This is called stage evaporation. Staged evaporation in the boiler drum (or outside it in the case of using remote cyclones) reduces the cost of water treatment and fuel costs, since we lose heat with blowing.
Read also: generator-T-16-2UZ
How is continuous boiler purging carried out?
Boiler water must be of such quality as to exclude:
- Scale and sludge on heating surfaces.
- Sediments various substances in the boiler superheater and steam turbine.
- Corrosion of steam and water pipelines.
Calculation of the boiler blowdown amount:
Blowdown is determined as a percentage of the boiler's nominal steam output:
Р=Gpr/Gpar * 100%
According to clause 4.8.27 of the rules technical operation of electrical stations and networks of the Russian Federation, the value of continuous boiler output is taken:
- No more than 1% for IES
- No more than 2% for CPPs and heating CHP plants, where losses are replenished with chemically purified water
- No more than 5% at heating CHP plants, with 0% steam return from consumers
That is, if you, for example, have a condensing station with a K-330-240 turbine with a fresh steam flow rate of 1050 t/h, then the blowdown amount will be 10.5 t/h.
Accordingly, the steam flow from the boiler is determined as the difference between the drinking water flow and the blowdown flow.
The size of the continuous blowdown under various operating modes must be remotely maintained by a continuous blowdown flow meter or adjusted by the boiler operator at the request of the chemical shop personnel.
Periodic purge
Periodic purge is produced to remove sludge from the lowest points of all collectors and is sent to the periodic blowdown expander and then through the bubbler to the industrial storm sewer.
Periodic purging, as the name implies, is not permanent and is carried out from time to time. Periodic purge is limited in time and lasts no more than 30 seconds. It is believed that almost all the sludge is removed immediately in the first seconds of purging.
Operating example: Periodic purging of boiler No. 3 is carried out on Wednesday and Saturday by KTC personnel under the control of the operating personnel of the chemical workshop. Each screen panel is purged by fully opening the periodic purge valve for 30 seconds. If the regimes are violated, at the request of the chemical shop personnel, extraordinary periodic blowdowns are carried out. When firing up the boiler, periodic blowdowns are carried out at 20, 60 atm in the boiler drum and when the nominal parameters are reached.
The size of continuous blowing and the time of periodic blowing are recorded in the daily reports of the express laboratory by the laboratory assistant on duty or the shift supervisor of the chemical workshop.
Read also: deaerator operating principle
Schemes and drawings of boiler purge
Boiler blowdown diagram
This is part of a real detailed diagram of a 450 MW combined cycle plant. The diagram shows how continuous and periodic purging is carried out.
The continuous purge from the high pressure drum enters the continuous purge separator/expander. The following are installed on the line along the flow of the medium: manual shut-off valves, a flow meter, an electrified regulator, a set of throttle washers, electrified valves and a set of throttle washers.
At the end of the article, an example of calculating a continuous blowdown expander is given.
The RNP is equipped with a safety valve.
In this scheme, saturated steam from the continuous blowdown separator is sent to the low pressure drum. Manual shut-off valves are installed on the steam line and check valve. Drainage from the RNP will be sent to the clean waste tank.
The blowdown from the RNP is sent to the periodic blowdown expander; an electric control valve and manual shut-off valves are installed on the line. Next, the drainage from the RPP is discharged into the boiler drain tank.
Drawing of a steam pipeline from a continuous blowing separator to a deaerator
The design assembly drawing shows the layout of the low pressure steam line from the continuous blowdown expander to the atmospheric deaerator. There are two fittings installed on the steam line, one is a shut-off valve (position 2) and the other is a check valve (position 1) so that steam cannot flow back into the expander.
Exhaust drawing from RNP safety valve
Another drawing shows the exhaust pipe from the RNP safety valve. The pipeline from the safety valve is directed to the edge of the main building and, at the point of the columns, is led to the roof, to a height of more than 2 meters, to ensure the safety of the station personnel. A water seal is provided on the exhaust pipeline to remove drainage into the drainage collector. Based on operating experience, it is recommended to make the diameter of the water seal pipe larger than that of a conventional drain to prevent it from clogging, since leaves and other dirt can enter the exhaust pipe from the atmosphere.
Drawing of vapor from a periodic blowdown expander
thermal calculation of RNP
Let's look at expander balances using an example. We will consider the blowdown of the EP-670-13.8-545 GM boiler operating with a T-180/210-130 turbine.
Initial data: feed water consumption: Gpw = 187.91 kg/s
We accept the flow rate of purge water: Gpr = 0.3% * Gpv = 0.03*187.91 = 5.64 kg/s
We assume the pressure in the continuous blowing expander: Prnp = 0.7 MPa
We will have two equations and two unknowns, namely:
- Gpr1 - water flow at the outlet of the RNP
- Gpr2 – steam flow at the outlet of the RNP (this steam is discharged into the deaerator high blood pressure 0.6 MPa)
Equations:
- Gpr = Gpr1 + Gpr2
- Gpr*hpr = Gpr1* hpr’ + Gpr2* hpr’’
Known quantities: 1.20 GB (1,300,147,052 bytes)
- Blowdown flow rate coming from the boiler drum: Gpr = 5.64 kg/s
- Enthalpy of blowing water from the drum: hpr is defined as the enthalpy of water at saturation pressure in the drum, hpr = f(Pb)=f(13.8 MPa) = 1563 kJ/kg
- Enthalpy of water at the exit from the RNP: hpr’, is defined as the enthalpy of water at saturation in the RNP: hpr’=f(Prnp) = f(0.7 MPa) =697.1 kJ/kg
- Enthalpy of steam at the exit from the RNP: hpr’’, is defined as the enthalpy of saturated steam in the RNP: hpr’=f(Prnp) = f(0.7 MPa) =2763.0 kJ/kg
All enthalpies were determined in the water steam pro program, we talked about it in the article Material balance equation and selection of a deaerator, and there are also links where you can download it.
Final equations:
- 5.64 = Gpr1 + Gpr2
- Gpr*1563 = Gpr1* 697.1 + Gpr2* 2763.0
Finding unknowns:
- Gpr1 = 3.27 kg/s
- Gpr2 = 2.36 kg/s
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Separators and expanders of continuous and periodic blowdown are designed to separate into steam and water the steam-water mixture formed from the blowdown water of steam boilers, condensate from steam receivers, drainage of steam pipelines when its pressure is reduced to the pressure in the separator (expander), with subsequent use of the heat of water and steam.
Separators and expanders can be used in condensate collection systems to reduce the consumption of steam and heat losses from the discharged steam-condensate mixture.
The expanders have the simplest separating device - a tangential supply of condensate (blow-down water).
In addition to the tangential supply of condensate (blowdown water), the separators are equipped with vertical louvered drop eliminators for drying the secondary boiling steam.
DU 300-800 (Sarenergomash)
Modifications
This section presents serial separators and expanders:
Separators and expanders are manufactured in accordance with TU 3113-017-00210714-2008.
OKP code 31 1336.
The plant has the ability to develop and manufacture separators (expanders) according to technical specifications.
Design and principle of operation of a continuous blowing separator
The separator is a vertical cylindrical vessel of a welded structure and consists of a body with a lower elliptical bottom welded to it; The upper elliptical bottom is connected to the body using a flange connector.
In the middle part of the body, 2 or 4 supports are welded for installing the separator in a suspended state on support beams.
In the lower part of the housing there is a receiving device, consisting of two concentrically installed shells and two tangentially welded pipes into the housing, designed to receive tangentially supplied purge water.
In the upper part of the housing, a separating device is bolted to the ring, consisting of a set of specially bent blades and designed to separate small drops of water from steam.
A constant level of separated water is automatically maintained by a float level regulator built into the DN 150 fitting in the lower part of the housing.
To visually monitor the level of separated water, the separator is equipped with a water indicating device, consisting of water indicator glass and valve type taps.
To monitor the operating pressure in the steam space of the separator (for separators SP-0.28-0.45; SP-0.7-0.6; SP-1.4-0.8; SP-1.5-0, 8); There is a pressure gauge indicating a measurement limit of up to 1.6 MPa (16 kgf/cm2) with a 3-way purge valve and a drain valve.
Cutting off steam pressure in the housing above the permissible level (7.5 kgf/cm2) is ensured by a full-lift flanged safety valve DN 50 Ru 16 kgf/cm2, equipped with a replaceable spring type I, operating at a pressure in the range of 7-13 kgf/cm2. Valve operation is adjusted to a pressure of 7.5 kgf/cm2. Top part The valve is closed by a cap, which contains an adjusting screw for setting the spring to a given pressure. Safety valve in the separator SP-0.15-0.3 ( operating pressure 0.06 MPa) is not provided.
The operation of the separator is to receive a steam-water mixture from the boiler, dividing it into steam and water due to the expansion and rotational movement of the flow in the separator receiving device. A precipitation operation takes place in the receiving device. The steam is finally dried in a separating device.
| Designation | Volume, m3 |
Pressure, MPa |
Temperature, °C |
Weight, kg |
| Separators | ||||
| SP-0.15-0.3 | 0,15 | 0,06 | 113 | 242,5 |
| SP-0.28-0.45 | 0,28 | 0,7 | 170 | 470 |
| SP-0.7-0.6 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 170 | 756 |
| SP-1.4-0.8 | 1,4 | 0,7 | 170 | 1113 |
| SP-1.5-0.8* | 1,5 | 0,78 | 175 | 1200 |
| SP-5.5-1.4** | 5,5 | 0,15 | 127 | 1878 |
| Extenders | ||||
| RP-0.12-0.35 | 0,12 | 0,35 | 148 | 400 |
| RP-0.18-0.45 | 0,18 | 0,9 | 180 | 140,2 |
| RP-0.4-0.44 | 0,4 | 0,56 | 162,5 | 555 |
| RP-0.5-0.7 | 0,5 | 0,1 | 121 | 620 |
| RP-0.6-0.6 | 0,6 | 0,2 | 133 | 385 |
| RP-1.4-0.7 | 1,4 | 0,6 | 165 | 1140 |
| RP-1.77-0.8 | 1,77 | 0,005 | 101 | 1200 |
| RP-2.6-1.0 | 2,6 | 0,01 | 102,3 | 1650 |
| RP-4.0-1.3 | 4 | 0,12 | 123 | 3410 |
| RP-4.84-1.2 | 4,84 | 1,48 | 201 | 2050 |
| RP-5.0-1.4 | 5 | 0,15 | 127 | 1650 |
| RP-7.5-2.0 | 7,5 | 0,15 | 127 | 3712 |
| RP-7.68-1.6 | 7,68 | 0,02 | 100,2 | 3615 |
| RP-8.1-1.8 | 8,1 | 0,15 | 127 | 2790 |
| RP-10.5-1.8 | 10,5 | 0,12 | 123,2 | 5113,7 |
| RP-22-2.6 | 22 | 0,001 | 100 | 11300 |
* - purge separator SP-1.5-0.8 is an analogue of separator SP-1.5U
** - purge separator SP-5.5-0.15 is an analogue of separator 5.5U
** - purge expander RP-7.5-2.0 is an analogue of the expander R-2000
Resource
The full designated service life is 20 years.
Guarantee period operation - 24 months from the moment the installation was put into operation, but not more than 36 months from the date of shipment to the consumer.
DU 300 (BiKZ)
Continuous blowing separator of cyclone type, designed to separate the steam-water mixture when blowing steam boilers into steam and water due to the action of centrifugal forces caused by the tangential input of water into the separator.
