458. Parse these sentences and specify the types of subordinate clauses. Make their diagrams.

I. 1) The wagon train stood by the river all day and started when the sun went down. (Ch.) 2) An old man with a gray beard was walking near the back cart where Yegorushka was. (Ch.) 3) Write when you arrive. (Ch.) 4) Whoever sowed, he reaped. (Dal) 5) Where the river went, there will be a channel. (He ate.) 6) The land and the sea plunged into deep darkness, so that a few steps away it was impossible to see a person walking next to him. (Ars.) 7) In the mornings, while my brother was at the service, I sat in the public library. (Boon.)

II. 1) The frosty air burned so hard that it was difficult to breathe. (N. Nik.) 2) Valya woke up because in the dining room her mother and father were quietly jingling tea utensils. (F.) 3) Quickly, so that the eagles would not find out about the sheltered deer, I hurried to Louvain. (Prishv.) 4) Gavrila was nevertheless pleased to hear a human voice, although this was what Chelkash said. (M. G.) 5) Everything would be saved if my horse had enough strength for another ten minutes. (L.)

§ 84. Complex sentences with one subordinate clause

1. The subordinate clause is separated from the main clause by a comma, and if it is inside the main clause, it is separated by commas on both sides, for example: 1) When the sun rises over the meadows I involuntarily smile with joy. (M.G.); 2) Above the valley where we went, clouds descended. (Sew.)

An incomplete subordinate clause consisting of one union word or union is not separated by a comma: I was asked where I would go in the summer. I explained where.

2. If the subordinate clause is joined to the main clause with the help of a compound union (because, because, because, because, because, instead of, while, after, since, in order to, so that), the comma is put, depending on the meaning of the statement and intonation, once - either before the whole combination, or before the unions what, how, for example: He did not show up for class, because got sick. - We were forced to make such a big detour because spring flood demolished the footbridge.

3. At the end of complex sentences, including a subordinate clause with an indirect question, a question mark is not put (if the whole sentence is not interrogative): 1) Everyone seemed to be waiting, will he still sing... (T.); 2) The caretaker inquired, where should he go... (P.) (But: Why didn't you ask him, when does the last train leave?)

459. Write off with punctuation marks. List the grammatical basis for each sentence. Determine the types of clauses.

1) If you only knew how sorry I was that I found one of your notes on my desk instead of you. (D.) 2) When the crimson sunset light blazed in the windows, the music stopped. (Paust.) 3) If there are no flowers in the middle of winter, then there is no need to be sad about them. (Es.) 4) At times, the road broke through such a thick hazel-tree that it was necessary to sit bent over so that the branches would not whip up the face. (Paust.) 5) We walked now under old birches, now along wide glades on which mighty ... oaks stood freely and freely. (Boon.) 6) Pierre did not answer because he had not heard or seen anything. (L. T.) 7) She left so that (b) she would never return to Znamenskoye. (L.A.) 8) (As) as if there was no winter, the trees are blooming carefree. (Juice.)

460. Make complex sentences in which each of the given words where, where, from where would attach the following subordinate clauses: 1) places, 2) attributive, 3) explanatory.

461. Make complex sentences in which the union what would be joined by relative clauses and relative clauses, and the union word what- attributive, explanatory, connecting. Make complex sentences in which the union to would attach the clause of the goal and the clause of the explanatory.

462. Write off with punctuation marks. List the grammatical basis for each sentence. Verbally identify the types of clauses.

1) Towards evening, Belikov dressed warmly, although the weather was very warm outside and trudged off to the Kovalenki. (Ch.) 2) It was quiet all around, so quiet that by the buzzing of a mosquito it was possible to follow its flight. (L.) 3) I thought about what had happened and did not understand anything. (Ch.) 4) Jacob was nicknamed Turk because he really came from a captured Turkish woman. (T.) 5) Yegorushka, gasping for breath from the heat, which was especially felt now after eating, ran to the sedge and from here looked around the area. (Ch.) 6) Because of the rocky hill where the stream flowed, another smoother and wider rose. (Ch.) 7) A quiet, viscous and mournful song, similar to crying and barely perceptible by the ear, was heard now from the right, then from the left, then from above, then from the ground, as if over the steppe, an invisible spirit was hovering and singing. (Ch.) 8) To drown out the song, humming and trying to knock his feet, he ran to the sedge. (Ch.) 9) After a hard day, such joy overcame me that I even hugged my Louvain and he shed tears of pleasure, the old one. (Prishv.) 10) The heat was such that the slightest movement was tiresome. (Stan.) 11) I came here again to listen to the surf, looked for a long time in the direction where the steamer had gone and then woke up in the fog. (Prishv.) 12) There are few such distant and pure distances that open from this hill in Russia. (Paust.)

463. Write off with punctuation marks. List the grammatical basis for each sentence.

I. 1) He [Startsev] decided to go to the Turkins to see what kind of people they were. (Ch.) 2) I did not understand why and how all these sixty-five thousand people live. (Ch.) 3) Sister and Anyuta wanted to ask how I live here, but both were silent and only looked at me. (Ch.) 4) Then she started asking me where I work now. (Ch.) 5) Occasionally she [Kashtanka] would stop and weeping raising first one chilled paw then the other tried to give herself an account of how it could happen that she got lost. (Ch.) 6) In some places on the moss and burdocks of the marsh this smell was very strong, but it was impossible to decide in which direction it intensified and weakened. (L. T.) 7) The ginseng seeker sheltered me and fed me without asking where I came from and why I came here. (Prishv.) 8) The whole space seems to be covered with cobwebs and you cannot tell where the sea ends and the sky begins. (New-Rev.) 9) Unmown meadows are so fragrant that from habit it becomes foggy and heavy in the head. (Paust.) 10) I began to read and read, so to the chagrin of adults I almost did not pay attention to the elegant Christmas tree. (Paust.) 11) I saw a happy man whose cherished dream came true so obviously, who achieved his goal in life, got what he wanted, who was pleased with his fate and himself. (Ch.)

II. 1) While the fluff is flying from the old aspens, the young change from their brown baby clothes to green. (Prishv.) 2) His look and smile were so welcoming that they immediately disposed in their favor. (Hound.) 3) The Indian rooster raised his head and looked around furiously cursing in his own way, as if an angry commander cut off the whole team for training for disorder. (Gonch.) 4) Sintsov with alarm recalled Serpilin's words that time is precious and hesitated whether to detain the correspondent. (KS) 5) While Raysky was leaving her [Vera] Tushin sent to ask if he could see her. (Hound.) 6) I am writing to you in order to warn you that the feuilleton will be sent by me not today on Sunday but tomorrow on Monday. (L.) 7) A writer who truly owns his craft is always laconic, for any revision of the final processing of a work is, first of all, the removal of unnecessary things. Lev Tolstoy said that the best type of editing is reduction. (Naked.) 8) Masha felt that he [Sintsov] was excited about something else, not only their date, but she could not understand why. (KS) 9) I will come to Moscow soon but no one knows when. (Ch.)

464. From two simple sentences, make a complex subordinate clause with one subordinate clause.

1) The tourists turned into the forest; this forest stretched for tens of kilometers. 2) The village was in a hollow; near this village, the detachment settled down to rest. 3) Birches have grown and are now tall, branchy trees; these birches were planted with me near the fence. 4) The bus stopped at a mountain pass; far below, the passengers saw the sparkling sea. 5) The swamps were covered with a strong layer of ice; in early November, severe frosts suddenly began. 6) The snowfall has stopped; regular urban transport has resumed.

465. Redesign the sentences, turning the relative clauses of the cause into subordinate consequences, the subordinate consequences into subordinate causes.

1) In five hours of time, we did not drive even twenty miles, because the road was bad. 2) The forest was dark and silent, because the main singers flew away. 3) He immediately fell asleep, so when I asked, I heard only his even breathing. 4) The horse could not move the cart because the rear wheel came off. 5) It was necessary to stop the horse, as our straight road broke off and was already going down a steep slope overgrown with bushes.

466. Write off with the necessary punctuation marks. Determine the type of speech. Find metaphors in the text. What other expressive means of language are used in this text?

Suddenly the wind blew up and with such force that he almost snatched out a bundle from Yegorushka and matted; Startled, the mat tore ripped .. it flashed in all directions and slapped on the bale and on Yegorushka's face. The wind whistled through the steppe and whirled randomly and raised such a noise with the grass that from (behind) it could not be heard n .. thunder n .. squeak of wheels. He blew from a black cloud, carrying with him a cloud of dust and zap..x rain and wet earth. The moonlight clouded over, it became as if the stars frowned even more, and it was clear that clouds of dust and their shadows were hurrying somewhere back along the edge of the road. Now, in all likelihood, the whirlwinds were whirling and carried away .. dusting dry grass and feathers from the ground rose .. crawled under the very sky, probably near the very dark cloud tumbleweed flew and how it must have been for them to be scared! But through the dust of the hall ... the blazing eyes could not be seen ... nothing but the glitter of lightning. (A. Chekhov)

He wants to eat!

Our food is peasant! .. - Kiryukha sighed.

And the peasant will go to health, there would be a hunt.

Yegorushka was given a spoon. He began to eat, but not sitting down, but standing at the very boiler and looking into it as if into a hole. The porridge smelled of damp fish, every now and then among the millet fish scales came across; crayfish could not be hooked on with a spoon, and the diners took them out of the cauldron with their hands; Vasya was not particularly shy in this regard, who soaked not only his hands, but also his sleeves in the porridge. But the porridge nevertheless seemed very tasty to Yegorushka and reminded him of the crayfish soup that his mother cooked at home on fast days. Panteley sat on the sidelines and chewed bread.

Grandfather, why aren't you eating? Emelyan asked him.

I don’t eat crayfish ... Well, them! - said the old man and turned away with disgust.

While they ate, there was a general conversation. From this conversation Yegorushka understood that all his new acquaintances, despite the difference in age and characters, had one thing in common, which made them alike: they were all people with a wonderful past and a very bad present; they all spoke with delight about their past, while they treated the present with almost contempt. The Russian person likes to remember, but does not like to live; Yegorushka did not yet know this, and before the porridge was eaten, he deeply believed that people were sitting around the cauldron, insulted and offended by fate. Panteley said that in the old days, when there were no railways yet, he went with carts to Moscow and Nizhny, earning so much that there was nowhere to put the money. And what merchants there were at that time, what fish, how cheap everything was! Now the roads have become shorter, the merchants are stingier, the people are poorer, bread is more expensive, everything has shrunk and narrowed to the extreme. Emelyan said that before he served in the Lugansk plant as a choir, he had a wonderful voice and could read notes perfectly, but now he turned into a peasant and feeds on the favors of his brother, who sends him with his horses and takes half his earnings for it. Vasya once served in a match factory;

Kiryukha lived with good people as coachmen and was considered the best C grade in the whole district. Dymov, the son of a well-to-do peasant, lived for his own pleasure, walked and did not know grief, but as soon as he was twenty years old, as a strict, tough father, wanting to accustom him to business and fearing that he would not spoil himself at home, began to send him to a carriage as bean worker. Only Styopka was silent, but even from his beardless face it was evident that before he lived much better than now.

Remembering his father, Dymov stopped eating and frowned. He glanced sideways at his comrades and fixed his gaze on Yegorushka.

You infidel, take off your hat! he said roughly.

Is there anything you can eat in a hat? And also a master!

Yegorushka took off his hat and did not say a word, but he did not understand the taste of the porridge and did not hear Panteley and Vasya stand up for him. Anger against the mischievous man rolled heavily in his chest, and he decided to do him some harm at all costs.

After dinner, everyone trudged to the wagons and fell into the shadows.

Grandfather, are we going soon? Yegorushka asked Panteley.

When God willing, then we'll go ... Now you won't go, it's hot ... Oh, Lord, your will, mistress ... Lie down, boy!

Soon snoring was heard from under the wagons. Yegorushka was about to go back to the village, but he thought about it, yawned and lay down next to the old man.

The wagon train stood by the river all day and started when the sun went down.

Again Yegorushka was lying on the bale, the cart creaked and swayed quietly, Panteley walked below, stamping his feet, slapping his thighs and muttering; chirped in the air like yesterday

VI The wagon train stood by the river all day and started when the sun was setting. Again Yegorushka was lying on the bale, the cart creaked and swayed quietly, Panteley walked below, stamping his feet, slapping his thighs and muttering; the steppe music chirped in the air as of yesterday. Yegorushka lay on his back and, with his hands under his head, looked up at the sky. He saw how the evening dawn lit, how then it faded away; guardian angels, covering the horizon with their golden wings, settled down for the night; the day passed safely, a quiet, prosperous night set in, and they could sit quietly at home in the sky ... Yegorushka saw how little by little the sky darkened and the darkness fell to the ground, as stars shone one after another. When you look at the deep sky for a long time, without taking your eyes off, then for some reason thoughts and soul merge into the consciousness of loneliness. You begin to feel irreparably lonely, and everything that you once thought was close and dear becomes infinitely distant and worthless. The stars, looking from the sky for thousands of years, the very incomprehensible sky and darkness, indifferent to the short life of a person, when you stay with them eye to eye and try to comprehend their meaning, oppress the soul with their silence; the thought of the loneliness that awaits each of us in the grave, and the essence of life seems desperate, terrible ... Yegorushka thought about his grandmother, who now sleeps in the cemetery under the cherry trees; he remembered how she was lying in a coffin with copper dimes over her eyes, how she was then covered with a lid and lowered into the grave; he also remembered the dull thud of lumps of earth on the lid ... He imagined his grandmother in a cramped and dark coffin, abandoned and helpless by everyone. His imagination drew his grandmother suddenly waking up and, not knowing where she was, knocking on the lid, calling for help and, finally, exhausted from horror, dies again. He imagined his mother dead, oh. Christopher, Countess Dranitskaya, Solomon. But no matter how he tried to imagine himself in a dark grave, far from home, abandoned, helpless and dead, he did not succeed; for himself personally, he did not admit the possibility of dying and felt that he would never die ... And Panteley, who was about to die, walked downstairs and called his thoughts. "Nothing ... good gentlemen ..." he muttered. - They took the boy to school, but how is he there, not to hear about that ... In Slavyanoserbsk, I say, there is no such institution to bring to the big mind ... No, that's right ... But the boy is good, nothing ... He will grow up, he will help his father. You, Yegoriy, are now tiny, but you will become big, you will feed your father and mother. So it is from God ... Honor your father and your mother ... I myself had children, but they got burned ... And my wife burned down, and the children ... That's right, at Epiphany the hut caught fire at night ... Me- I was not at home, I went to Oryol. To Oryol ... Marya ran out into the street, but remembered that the children were sleeping in the hut, ran back and burned down with the children ... Yes ... The next day, only bones were found. At about midnight the drivers and Yegorushka were again sitting around a small fire. While the weeds were flaring up, Kiryukha and Vasya went to fetch water somewhere in a ravine; they disappeared in the darkness, but all the time you could hear them clinking buckets and talking; so the girder was not far away. The firelight lay on the ground in a large, blinking spot; although the moon was shining, behind the red spot everything seemed impenetrably black. The light was shining on the servicemen, and they saw only part of the main road; in the dark, wagons with bales and horses were barely noticeable in the form of mountains of indeterminate shape. Twenty paces from the fire, on the border of the road with the field, there was a wooden grave cross, slanted to the side. Yegorushka, when the fire was not yet burning and one could see far away, noticed that exactly the same old, ramshackle cross stood on the other side of the main road. Returning with water, Kiryukha and Vasya poured a full cauldron and set it on fire. Styopka, with a serrated spoon in his hands, took his place in the smoke near the boiler and, pensively looking at the water, began to wait for the foam to appear. Panteley and Emelyan sat side by side, were silent and thought about something. Dymov lay on his stomach, propping his head on his fists, and looked at the fire; the shadow of Styopka jumped over him, which caused his handsome face to be covered with darkness, then suddenly flashed ... Kiryukha and Vasya wandered at a distance and gathered weeds and birch bark for a fire. Yegorushka, with his hands in his pockets, stood beside Panteley and watched the fire eat the grass. Everyone was resting, thinking about something, glancing briefly at the cross, on which red spots were jumping. There is something sad, dreamy and highly poetic in the lonely grave ... You can hear her silence, and in this silence you can feel the presence of the soul of an unknown person lying under the cross. Is it good for this soul in the steppe? Does she yearn on a moonlit night? And the steppe near the grave seems sad, dull and pensive, the grass is sadder and it seems that the blacksmiths are shouting more restrained ... And there is no passer-by who would not remember a lonely soul and would not look back at the grave until it remains far behind and will not be covered with darkness. .. - Grandfather, why is there a cross? Yegorushka asked. Panteley looked at the cross, then at Dymov and asked: - Mikola, it happens, this is not the place where the mowers killed the merchants? Dymov reluctantly raised himself on his elbow, looked at the road and replied: - It is the very ... There was a silence. Kiryukha crackled dry grass, crumpled it into a lump and put it under the cauldron. The fire flared brighter; Black smoke poured over Styopka, and in the darkness along the road near the wagons the shadow of the cross ran. - Yes, they killed ... - said Dymov reluctantly. - Merchants, father and son, went to sell the images. We stopped here not far away in an inn that Ignat Fomin now keeps. The old man drank too much and began to boast that he had a lot of money with him. Merchants are known to be boastful people, God forbid ... He will not bear it so as not to show himself in front of our brother at his best. And at that time the mowers spent the night at the inn. Well, they heard this, as the merchant boasts, and took it into account. - Oh, my God ... mistress! Panteley sighed. “The next day it’s a little light,” Dymov continued, “the merchants got ready for the journey, and the mowers got involved with them. "Come, your rank, together. More fun, and less fear, because the place is deaf ..." The merchants, so as not to beat the images, walked, and it was good for the mowers ... Dymov knelt and stretched. “Yes,” he continued, yawning. - Everything was nothing, but as soon as the merchants reached this place, the mowers and let's clean them with scythes. My son, he was a fine fellow, he grabbed a braid from one and also let's clean it ... Well, of course, they won, because there were eight of them. The merchants were cut so that there was no living space left on the body; finished their business and dragged both of them out of the way, the father to one side, and the son to the other. Opposite this cross, on the other side, there is still another cross ... Whether it is intact - I don’t know ... You cannot see it from here. - Intact, - said Kiryukha. - They say that they found little money later. “Not enough,” Panteley confirmed. - They found a hundred rubles. - Yes, and three of them died later, because the merchant also cut them painfully with a scythe ... They went off with blood. One of the merchants cut off his hand, so they say, he fled four miles without a hand and found him on a hillock near Kurikov. Sits on his haunches, put his head on his knees, as if lost in thought, but they looked - there is no soul in him, he died ... "They found him on the trail of blood ..." said Panteley. Everyone looked at the cross, and again there was silence. From somewhere, probably from a gully, came the sad cry of a bird: "Sleep! Sleep! Sleep! .." "There are many evil people in the world," said Emelyan. - Many-many! - Panteley confirmed and moved closer to the fire with such an expression as if he was getting creepy. “A lot,” he continued in an undertone. - I have seen them in my lifetime, apparently invisibly ... Evil people ... I have seen many saints and righteous, but sinners are beyond count ... Save and have mercy, Queen of Heaven ... I remember once, thirty years ago, and maybe more, I was carrying a merchant from Morshansk. The merchant was a glorious one, visible from himself and with money ... a merchant ... A good man, nothing ... So, therefore, we were on our way and stopped to spend the night in an inn. And in Russia, inns are not like in the local area. There courtyards covered in the manner of bases, or, say, like clooney in good economies. Only clooney will be higher. Well, we stopped and wow. My merchant is in the little room, I am with the horses, and everything is as it should be. So, brothers, I prayed to God to sleep, and went to walk around the yard. And the night was dark, you couldn't see it, even if you didn't look at all. I walked a little that way, just like about to the wagons, and I see the fire dawning. What is this parable? It seems that the owners relied on sleep for a long time, and there were no other guests between me and the merchant ... How could the fire be? I was taken with a doubt ... I came closer ... to the fire ... Lord, have mercy and save me, Queen of Heaven! I looked, and at the very ground there was a window with a lattice ... in the house ... I lay down on the ground and looked; as soon as he looked, frost started all over my body ... Kiryukha, trying not to make any noise, thrust a bunch of weeds into the fire. After waiting for the weeds to stop cracking and hissing, the old man continued. - I looked over there, and there was a basement, a big one, dark yes ... There is a flashlight on the barrel. In the middle of the cellar there are about ten people in red shirts, their sleeves are rolled up and their long knives are sharpening ... Hey! Well, that means we got into a gang, to the robbers ... What to do here? I ran to the merchant, woke him up on the sly and said: "You, I say, merchant, do not worry, but our business is bad ... We, I say, have fallen into a robber's nest." He changed from his face and asked: "What are we going to do now, Panteley? I have a lot of orphan money ... As for my soul, God is free, I'm not afraid to die, but, he says, it's scary to ruin the orphan's money .." . "What do you order me to do here? The gates are locked, there is nowhere to go or get out ... Be a fence, you can climb over the fence, otherwise the courtyard is covered! .. - "Well, I say, merchant, do not worry, but pray to God. Maybe God will not want to offend orphans Stay, I say, and don't show it, and in the meantime, maybe I'll figure out something ... "Okay ... I prayed to God, and God put me on my mind ... I climbed onto my tarantass and quietly .. . Quietly, so that no one would hear, he began to rip off the straw in the eaves, made a hole and climbed out. Out ... Then I jumped from the roof and escaped along the road, which is the spirit. I ran, ran, was tortured to death ... Maybe I ran five versts in one breath, or even more ... Thank God, I see - there is a village. I ran to the hut and started knocking on the window. "Orthodox, I say, this and that, they say, do not let the Christian soul ruin ..." this is the gate in the inn and now into the basement ... But the robbers sharpened their knives and were going to cut the merchant. The men took them all as they were, tied them up and took them to the authorities. To celebrate, the merchant donated three hundredths to them, but he gave me five lobster and wrote down my name in remembrance. They say that later they found human bones in the basement, apparently invisibly. Bones ... They, therefore, robbed the people, and then buried them so that there were no traces ... Well, then they were punished in Morshansk through the executioners. Panteley finished his story and looked around at his listeners. They were silent and looked at him. The water was already boiling, and Styopka was skimming the foam. - Is the bacon ready? - Kiryukha asked him in a whisper. - Wait a little ... Now. Styopka, not taking his eyes off Panteley and as if afraid that he would start talking without him, ran to the wagons; soon he returned with a small wooden cup and began to grind lard in it. “I went another time, too, with a merchant ...” Panteley continued, as before in an undertone and without blinking his eyes. - His name, as I remember now, was Pyotr Grigorich. He was a good man ... a merchant ... We stopped in the same manner at the inn ... He was in the room, I was with the horses ... The owners, husband and wife, the people seemed to be good, gentle, the workers seemed to nothing, but just, brothers, I can’t sleep, my heart feels! Feels, and the Sabbath. And the gates are open, and there are a lot of people around, but everything seems to be scary, not at ease. They all fell asleep a long time ago, it’s quite night, I’ll have to get up soon, but I’m the only one lying in my wagon and don’t close my eyes, like some owl. Only, brothers, this is the very thing, I hear: stupid! stupid! stupid! Someone sneaks up to the wagon. I stick my head out, I look - there is a woman in one shirt, barefoot ... - "What do I say, a butterfly?" And she was shaking all over, this is the very thing, there is no face on her ... - "Get up, he says, kind person! Trouble ... The owners have smartly conceived ... They want to decide on your merchant. She herself, she says, heard the owner and the mistress whispering ... "Well, it's not for nothing that my heart ached! - "Who are you yourself?" - I ask. - "And I, he says, their cook ..." Okay ... I got out of the wagon and went to the merchant. I woke him up and said: “So and so, I say, Pyotr Grigorich, the matter is not entirely clean ... You’ll have time, your degree, to sleep, and now, while there is time, dress, I say, yes, I’ll get well away from sin ... "As soon as he began to dress, the door opened, and hello ... I see - mother queen! - the owner and the hostess and three workers come into our room ... So, the workers have been persuaded ... The merchant has a lot of money, so, they say, we will divide it ... All five have a long knife in their hands ... the knife ... The owner locked the door and said: "Pray, passers-by, to God ... And if, he says, you start screaming, then we won't let you pray before you die ..." Where is there to shout? Our throat was filled with fear, not to cry here ... The merchant wept and said: “Orthodox! You, he says, decided to kill me, because you were flattered by my money. Much of our merchant brother has been slaughtered in the inns. But why, he says, Orthodox brothers, should they kill my cabman? And so it says pitifully! And the owner to him: "If, he says, we leave him alive, then he is the first to prove us. All the same, he says that one to kill, that two. Seven troubles, one answer ... Pray to God, that's all, and there is nothing to talk! " The merchant and I stood side by side on our knees, wept and let's pray to God. He remembers his children, I was still young at that time, I wanted to live ... We look at the images, we pray, but it is so pitiful that even now a tear is beating ... And the hostess, a woman, looks at us and says: " You, he says, are good people, do not remember us in the next world dashing and do not pray to God on our heads, because we are out of need. " We prayed, prayed, wept, wept, but God heard us. He took pity, that means ... Just when the owner of the merchant took the beard, so that he could slash his neck with a knife, suddenly someone would knock on the window from the yard! We all sat down, and the owner's hands dropped ... Someone knocked on the window and how he shouted: "Pyotr Grigorovich, shouting, are you here? Get ready, let's go!" The owners see that they have come for the merchant, they were frightened and, God forbid, legs ... And we hurried to the yard, harnessed and - only we were seen ... - Who was it knocking at the window? Dymov asked. - In the window? It must be a saint of God or an angel. Because there is no one acrom ... When we left the yard, there was not a single person on the street ... God's business! Panteley told something else, and in all his stories "long knives" played the same role and fiction was equally felt. Did he hear these stories from someone else, or did he write them himself in the distant past and then, when his memory weakened, mixed the experience with fiction and ceased to be able to distinguish one from the other? Everything may be, but one thing is strange, that now and throughout the journey, when he had to tell, he gave a clear preference to fictions and never spoke about what had been experienced. Now Yegorushka took everything at face value and believed every word, but later it seemed strange to him that a man who had traveled all over Russia in his lifetime, who had seen and knew a lot, a man whose wife and children had been burned out, devalued his rich life to the point that every time, sitting by the fire, or was silent, or talked about what was not. Over the porridge, everyone was silent and thought about what they had just heard. Life is terrible and wonderful, and therefore no matter how terrible story you tell in Russia, no matter how you decorate it with robber's nests, long knives and miracles, it will always respond to the reality in the listener's soul, and unless a person who has been heavily tempted to read and write will look distrustfully, and it will be silent. The cross by the road, the dark bales, the vastness and fate of the people gathered around the fire — all this in itself was so wonderful and terrible that the fantastic nature of a fable or a fairy tale paled and merged with life. Everyone ate from the cauldron, while Panteley sat apart and ate porridge from a wooden cup. His spoon was not like everyone else's, but a cypress one with a cross. Yegorushka, looking at him, remembered about the lamp glass and asked quietly at Styopka: - Why is grandfather sitting in a special place? “He is of the old faith,” Stapka and Vasya answered in a whisper, and at the same time they looked as if they were talking about weakness or secret vice. Everyone was silent and thought. After the terrible stories, I didn't want to talk about what was usual. Suddenly, amid the silence, Vasya straightened up and, fixing his dull eyes at one point, pricked up his ears. - What? Dymov asked him. - A man is coming, - Vasya answered. - Where do you see him? - He-he is! It whitens slightly ... Where Vasya was looking, nothing could be seen except darkness; everyone listened, but no footsteps were heard. - Is he on the way? Dymov asked. - No, by the field ... This is coming. A minute passed in silence. “Or maybe it’s a merchant walking on the steppe who is buried here,” said Dymov. They all looked sideways at the cross, looked at each other and suddenly laughed; I felt ashamed of my fear. - Why would he go for a walk? - said Panteley. - These are only those who walk at night, whom the earth does not accept. And the merchants nothing ... The merchants accepted the martyr's crown. .. But then footsteps were heard. Someone was walking hastily. “He’s carrying something,” Vasya said. It became audible how the grass rustled under the feet of the walker and the weeds crackled, but no one was visible behind the light of the fire. Finally, footsteps were heard near, someone coughed; the blinking light as if parted, the curtain fell from the eyes and the servicemen suddenly saw a man in front of them. Whether the fire flashed so much, or because everyone wanted to see first of all the face of this man, but it just so strange that everyone at the first glance at him saw, first of all, not a face, not clothes, but a smile. It was an unusually kind, wide and soft smile, like that of a woken up child, one of those infectious smiles, to which it is difficult not to respond with a smile too. The stranger, when they saw him, turned out to be a man of about thirty, ugly and not remarkable at all. It was a tall crest, long-nosed, long-armed and long-legged; in general, everything seemed long and only one neck was so short that it made him stoop. He was dressed in a clean white shirt with an embroidered collar, white trousers and new boots, and in comparison with the servicemen seemed to be a dandy. In his hands he was holding something large, white and at first glance strange, and from behind his shoulder the muzzle of a gun, also long, peeped out. Having got out of the darkness into the circle of light, he stopped as if rooted to the spot, and for half a minute looked at the servicemen as if he wanted to say: "Look, what a smile I have!" Then he stepped to the fire, smiled even brighter and said: - Bread and salt, brothers! - Welcome! - was responsible for all Pantelei. The stranger put down by the fire what he was holding in his hands - it was a dead blubber - and greeted again. All went up to the tree bark and began to examine her. - An important bird! Why are you her? Dymov asked. - Buckshot ... You can't get a shot, you won't let it ... Buy it, brothers! I would give you two kopecks. - And what is it to us? It's good fried, but boiled, I suppose, tough - you can't bite ... - Oh, annoyance! It would have been taken down to the gentlemen for the sake of economy, they would have given fifty kopecks, and even fifteen miles away! The unidentified man sat down, took off his gun and laid it down beside him. He seemed sleepy, languid, smiled, squinted at the fire and, apparently, was thinking of something very pleasant. They gave him a spoon. He began to eat. - Who are you? Dymov asked him. The stranger did not hear the question; he did not answer and did not even glance at Dymov. Probably, this smiling man did not even feel the taste of porridge, because he chewed somehow mechanically, lazily, bringing to his mouth a spoon that was very full, then completely empty. He was not drunk, but something crazy was wandering in his head. - I ask you: who are you? Dymov repeated. - Me? - the stranger perked up. - Konstantin Zvonyk, from Rovnoe. It’s four miles from here. And, wanting to show at first that he is not such a man as everyone else, but better, Konstantin hastened to add: - We keep an apiary and feed the pigs. - Do you live with your father, or yourself? - No, now I live myself. Separated. This month after Petrov's Day I got married. Married now! .. Today is the eighteenth day, as law. - Good business! - said Panteley. “My wife is nothing ... God blessed him ...” “A young woman is sleeping at home, and he is staggering along the steppe,” Kiryukha laughed. - Freak! Konstantin, as if he had been pinched at the most lively place, started, laughed, flushed ... - Yes, God, she is not at home! - he said, quickly removing the spoon from his mouth and looking at everyone with joy and surprise. - There is not! I went to my mother for two days! Honestly, she went, and I'm like an unmarried ... Constantine waved his hand and shook his head; he wanted to keep thinking, but the joy with which his face shone prevented him. He, as though it was uncomfortable for him to sit, took a different position, laughed and again waved his hand. I was ashamed to give out my pleasant thoughts to strangers, but at the same time I irresistibly wanted to share my joy. - I went to Demidovo to my mother! he said, blushing and shifting the gun to another place. - Tomorrow she will return ... She said that she would be back by dinner. - Are you bored? Dymov asked. - Yes, God, but how? It's been a week since I got married, and she left ... Huh? Oh, yes, wretched, God punish me! There is such a good and glorious, such a gull and a songstress, that it’s just pure gunpowder! With her, the head walks, and without her it is as if I have lost what, like a fool I walk along the steppe. I have been walking since lunchtime, even though the guard screams. Konstantin rubbed his eyes, looked at the fire and laughed. - You love, it means ... - said Panteley. - There is such a good and glorious, - repeated Konstantin, without listening, - such a hostess, clever and sensible, that you cannot find another such from a simple title in the whole province. She left ... But she misses, I know! I know magpie! She said that she would be back for dinner tomorrow ... But what a story! - Konstantin almost shouted, suddenly taking a tone higher and changing his pose, - now he loves and misses, but she didn't want to marry me! - Yes, you eat! - said Kiryukha. - Didn't want to marry me! - continued Konstantin, not listening. - I fought with her for three years! I saw her at the fair in Kalachik, fell in love to death, even climb the Shibenitsa. .. I am in Rovnoe, she is in Demidovo, twenty-five miles from each other, and there is no way for me. I send matchmakers to her, but she: I don’t want to! Oh, you magpie! I really don't want her this way and that, and earrings, and gingerbread, and half a meal of honey - I don't want it! Here and go. It, if you judge, what kind of pair am I to her? She is young, beautiful, with gunpowder, and I am old, she will soon be thirty years old, and she is very beautiful: a thick beard - a nail, a clean face - all in bumps. Where can I be equal to her! Is it just now we live richly, but after all, they, Vakhramenki, live well. Three pairs of oxen and two workers are kept. I fell in love, brothers, and went crazy ... I can't sleep, I don't eat, thoughts in my head and such a dope that God forbid! I would like to see her, but she is in Demidov ... And what do you think? God punish me, I'm not lying, I walked there three times a week to look at her. I dropped the case! Such an eclipse found that even as a worker in Demidov he wanted to be hired, so that, therefore, closer to her. I'm worn out! The mother called the witch doctor, my father started beating me ten times. Well, I wasted for three years and I decided so: if you were anathema three times, I would go to the city and to cabbies ... So it’s not destiny! I went to the Saint in Demidovo for the last time to have a look at her ... Konstantin threw back his head and rolled in such a small, cheerful laugh, as if he had just very cunningly cheated on someone. - I look, she with the boys near the river, - he continued. - Evil took me ... I called her aside and, maybe, for a whole hour she had different words ... I fell in love! For three years she did not love, but for the words she fell in love! - What words? Dymov asked. - The words? And I don’t remember ... Something you remember? Then, like water from a trough, without respite: ta-ta-ta-ta! And now I will not utter a single such word ... Well, she went for me ... Now I went, forty, to my mother, and here I’m on the steppe without her. I can't sit at home. My urine is gone! Constantine awkwardly freed his legs from under him, stretched out on the ground and propped his head with his fists, then got up and sat down again. Everyone now perfectly understood that he was a loving and happy man, happy to the point of longing; his smile, eyes and every movement expressed painful happiness. He could not find a place for himself and did not know what posture to take and what to do so as not to faint from the abundance of pleasant thoughts. Having poured out his soul in front of strangers, he finally sat down calmly and, looking at the fire, thought. At the sight of a happy person, everyone became bored and wanted happiness too. Everyone thought about it. Dymov got up, quietly walked around the fire and, from the gait, from the movement of his shoulder blades, it was evident that he was languishing and bored. He stood, looked at Constantine, and sat down. And the fire was already extinguished. The light no longer flickered and the red spot narrowed, dimmed ... And the sooner the fire burned out, the more visible the moonlit night became. Now the road could be seen in its entire width, bales, shafts, chewing horses; on the other side, another cross loomed vaguely ... Dymov propped his cheek on his hand and softly began to sing a pitiful song. Konstantin smiled sleepily and pulled him up in a thin voice. They sang for half a minute and fell silent ... Emelyan shook himself, moved his elbows and wiggled his fingers. “Brothers,” he said pleadingly. - Let's sing something divine! Tears came to his eyes. - Brothers! he repeated, pressing his hand to his heart. - Let's sing something divine! “I don’t know how,” said Konstantin. They all refused; then Emelyan began to sing himself. He waved both hands, nodded his head, opened his mouth, but only a hoarse, soundless breath escaped from his throat. He sang with his hands, head, eyes, and even with a lump, sang passionately and with pain, and the more he strained his chest to pull at least one note out of it, the more soundless his breathing became ... Yegorushka, like everyone else, was overcome by boredom. He went to his cart, climbed onto the bale and lay down. He looked at the sky and thought about the happy Constantine and his wife. Why do people get married? Why in the world are women? Yegorushka asked himself vague questions and thought that it was probably good for a man if an affectionate, cheerful and beautiful woman constantly lived near him. For some reason, Countess Dranitskaya came to him for some reason, and he thought that it was probably very pleasant to live with such a woman; he probably would have liked to marry her if it had not been so ashamed. He remembered her eyebrows, pupils, a carriage, a watch with a rider ... A quiet, warm night descended on him and whispered something in his ear, but it seemed to him that this beautiful woman was leaning towards him, looking at him with a smile and wants to kiss ... Only two small red eyes remained from the fire, becoming smaller and smaller. The carriers and Constantine sat beside them, dark, motionless, and it seemed that there were much more of them now than before. Both crosses were equally visible, and far, far away, somewhere on a high road, a red light shone - also, probably, someone was cooking porridge. "Our mother Rasiya ha-la-wa to the whole world!" Kiryukha suddenly sang in a wild voice, choked and fell silent. The echo of the steppe picked up his voice, carried it away, and it seemed that stupidity itself rolled across the steppe on heavy wheels. - Time to go! - said Panteley. - Get up guys. While harnessing, Konstantin walked around the carts and admired his wife. - Goodbye, brothers! - he shouted when the convoy began to move. - Thank you for the bread for the salt! And I will go to the fire again. My urine is gone! And he soon disappeared into the darkness, and for a long time it was heard how he walked to where the light was shining in order to tell strangers about his happiness. When Yegorushka woke up the next day, it was early morning; the sun had not yet risen. The wagon train was standing. A man in a white cap and a suit of cheap gray matter, sitting on a Cossack stallion, at the very front cart, was talking about something with Dymov and Kiryukha. Ahead, two versts from the convoy, long, low barns and houses with tiled roofs gleamed white; there were no courtyards or trees to be seen near the houses. - Grandfather, what kind of village is this? Yegorushka asked. “This, young fellow, is an Armenian farm,” Panteley answered. - Armenians live here. The people are nothing ... Armenians. The man in gray finished talking with Dymov and Kiryukha, reined in his colt and looked at the farm. - What a deal, just think! - Panteley sighed, also looking at the farm and shrinking from the morning freshness. - He sent a man to the farm for some paper, but he does not go ... I should send Styopka! - Grandfather, who is it? Yegorushka asked. - Varlamov. My God! Yegorushka quickly jumped up, knelt down and looked at the white cap. In a small gray man, shod in big boots, sitting on an ugly horse and talking with men at a time when all decent people are sleeping, it was difficult to recognize the mysterious, elusive Varlamov, whom everyone is looking for, who is always "spinning" and has much more money than Countess Dranitskaya. - Nothing, a good man ... - Panteley said, looking at the farm. - God grant health, dear sir ... Varlamov, Semyon Alexandritch ... On such people, brother, the earth holds on. That's right ... The roosters are not singing yet, but he is already on his feet ... Another would have slept or at home with guests tara-bars-rastabaras, and he was walking around the steppe all day ... .. No-no! This is a fine fellow ... Varlamov did not take his eyes off the farm and was talking about something; the stallion shifted impatiently from foot to foot. “Semyon Alexandritch,” shouted Panteley, taking off his hat, “allow me to send Styopka! Emelyan, shout to send Styopka! But finally, the horseman separated from the farm. He leaned heavily on one side and waving his whip above his head, as if jigging and wishing to surprise everyone with his bold ride, he flew to the train with the speed of a bird. “This must be his buster,” said Panteley. - He has them, the busters, a man, maybe a hundred, or even more. Coming up to the front cart, the rider reined in the horse and, taking off his cap, handed Varlamov a book. Varlamov took out several pieces of paper from the book, read them and shouted: "Where is Ivanchuk's note?" The horseman took the book back, looked at the papers, and shrugged his shoulders; he began to talk about something, probably making excuses and asking permission to go to the farmstead again. The stallion suddenly moved as if Varlamov had become heavier. Varlamov moved too. - Go away! - he shouted angrily and swung at the horseback whip. Then he turned the horse back and, examining the papers in the book, rode at a pace along the wagon train. When he drove up to the rear wagon, Yegorushka strained his eyes to get a better look at him. Varlamov was already old. His face with a small gray beard, a simple, Russian, tanned face, was red, wet with dew, and covered with blue veins; it expressed the same businesslike dryness as the face of Ivan Ivanitch, the same businesslike fanaticism. But all the same, what a difference was felt between him and Ivan Ivanitch! Uncle Kuzmichov, next to his businesslike dryness, always had anxiety and fear on his face that he would not find Varlamov, would be late, miss a good price; nothing of the kind characteristic of small and dependent people was noticeable either on the face or in the figure of Varlamov. This man created prices himself, did not look for anyone and did not depend on anyone; no matter how ordinary his appearance was, but in everything, even in the manner of holding the whip, one could feel the consciousness of strength and habitual power over the steppe. Passing Yegorushka, he did not look at him; only the stallion honored Yegorushka with his attention and looked at him with large, stupid eyes, and even then with indifference. Panteley bowed to Varlamov; he noticed this and, without taking his eyes off the pieces of paper, said with a lisp: - Hello, stagik! Varlamov's conversation with the horseman and the swing of the whip, apparently, made a depressing impression on the entire wagon train. They all had serious faces. The horseman, discouraged by the anger of a strong man, without a hat, lowered the reins, stood at the front cart, was silent and did not seem to believe that the day had begun so badly for him. - A cool old man ... - Panteley muttered. - The trouble is, how cool! But nothing, a good man ... Will not offend for nothing ... Nothing ... Having examined the papers, Varlamov thrust the book into his pocket; the stallion, as though understanding his thoughts, without waiting for an order, shuddered and rushed along the high road.

(1) The wagon train stood by the river all day, and started when the sun was setting. , (when). when? subordinate tense (4) He saw how the evening dawn lit, how then it faded away. , (how how). what the explanatory clauses what what (6) Yegorushka saw how little by little the sky darkened and the darkness fell to the ground, how the stars shone one after the other. , (how) and (how), (how). what clauses what what 146

, (when). when? , (how how). what what what, (how) and (how), (how). what what what

3. 3. () = () () = () () = () The structure of complex sentences with several subordinate clauses () () () = ()

Analysis of the sentence 1. Determine the number of stems in the sentence (identification marks: verbs and words of the category of state, nouns in the nominative case). 2. Set the boundaries of simple sentences within a complex. 3. Establish how simple sentences are related to each other in a complex one. Make a conclusion about the type of a complex sentence: compound, compound or unions. 4. Determine the number and type of clauses. In what relationship they are with the main proposal and with each other. 5. Draw a proposal outline.

1. A complex sentence with sequential subordination of clauses. () () 2. Compound sentence with homogeneous subordination of clauses. () () 3. Compound sentence with heterogeneous (parallel) subordination of clauses. () ()

5) I could not think or speak about anything other than the dinner, so my mother was angry and said that she would not let me in because I could get sick from such excitement. 1) Sintsov could not find out from anyone for a long time when the train would go to Minsk with which he was supposed to go. 2) When the figure of Seryozha appeared against the background of one of the windows, it seemed to him that someone hiding in the corner in the darkness would now see and grab him. 3) The coachman Trofim, bending over to the front window, told my father that the road had become difficult, that we would not reach Parashin before dark, that we would be late. 4) Again, after many years of separation, I saw this huge garden in which several happy days of my childhood flashed and which I dreamed many times later. 6) The bear fell in love with Nikita so much that when he went somewhere the beast anxiously sniffed the air. A., (so), (what), (because)

5) I could not think or speak about anything other than the dinner, so my mother was angry and said that she would not let me in because I could get sick from such excitement. 1) Sintsov could not find out from anyone for a long time when the train would go to Minsk with which he was supposed to go. 2) When the figure of Seryozha appeared against the background of one of the windows, it seemed to him that someone hiding in the corner in the darkness would now see and grab him. 3) The coachman Trofim, bending over to the front window, told my father that the road had become difficult, that we would not reach Parashin before dark, that we would be late. 4) Again, after many years of separation, I saw this huge garden in which several happy days of my childhood flashed and which I dreamed many times later. 6) The bear fell in love with Nikita so much that when he went somewhere the animal anxiously sniffed B.'s air, (when), (with whom).

In May, the travelers were in Sakhalin. Here they met the expedition. The expedition explored the island's oil wealth (where, which). The balloon began to rise upward. Loud screams rang out. They carried far away in the frosty air (once ... that which). Our school has excellent classrooms. The school is located at the institute. The organizations of the institute help with money and equipment (which, since). The lamps were lit in the house. The house was visible at the end of the alley. It was still light (which ... though). In May, the travelers were in Sakhalin, where they met an expedition that explored the island's oil resources. As the balloon began to rise, loud screams were heard, which were carried far in the frosty air. Our school, which is at the institute, has excellent classrooms, since the institute's organizations help with money and equipment. In the house, which was visible at the end of the alley, lamps were lit, although it was still daylight.

Page, paragraph 9, page 57, exercise 135.

§ 84. Complex sentences with one subordinate clause

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