Classroom hour in 3 "A" class on the topic:
"Honorary residents of Mordovia"
Prepared and conducted by the class teacher of 3 "A" class
Krylova N.B.
Saransk 2016-2017 academic year
Class hour "Honorary residents of Mordovia".
Goals: To acquaint the children with the honorable, famous people of Mordovia; to reveal the meaning of the concept of "patriotism"; develop speech, memory; to educate citizenship, love for their small homeland.
Preparatory work: in preparation for the class hour, the children were divided into 2 groups. 1 group received the task - to prepare messages about the glorious inhabitants of Mordovia; Group 2 received the task - to find proverbs about the Motherland, about glorifying labor; all the children were given the task - to bring photographs of famous fellow countrymen, honorary residents-contemporaries.
The course of the lesson.
Introductory speech of the teacher.
Sweet land! Dear Mordovia!
Here is the expanse of rivers, forests, fields.
For me there is no better edge in the world
He is dearer and dearer to me than all.
Today we will talk about our famous fellow countrymen. Our Mordovian land is rich in them. Guys, I hope you understand the meaning of the word "fellow countrymen"? (Answers of children)
Student: In the very center of Russia
Between Oka and Suroya
My land is located
Among the fields and forests.
And he is not more beautiful
And it is not more expensive:
This is our homeland
Our grandfathers, fathers.
Teacher:
Seven cities: Saransk, Ruzaevka, Kovylkino, Ardatov, Insar, Krasnoslobodsk, Temnikov and more than one and a half thousand villages and villages are located on the territory of Mordovia. And from almost every city, from many villages there are people who glorify our republic, and of course Russia as a whole.
The republic deeply respects outstanding people whose destinies were associated with our region.
The patriarch of All Russia Nikon was a native of Mordovians. The great, glorified Saint Seraphim of Sarov lived on this land. Admiral Ushakov, poet Polezhaev, revolutionary democrat Ogarev, historian Klyuchevsky, great sculptor who glorified his people all over the world, Stepan Erzya, educator Yevseviev, world famous ophthalmologist Filatov, artist Sychkov, legendary singer Lydia Ruslanova were born and lived in the Mordovian lands.
It is impossible to list all the glorious names. In this list of great names, Mordovians, Russians, people of other nationalities stand side by side, which personifies the inextricable unity of the history of Russia and its particles - Mordovia.
Teacher:
The guys prepared for us messages about famous people of our Republic. Let's listen to them.
Speeches of the guys.
Teacher:
Our class hour is coming to an end. Let's listen to the beautiful lines of our poets.
Student 1: My sweet land! Dear Mordovia!
River floods, endless fields.
And I do not know better in the world of the edge,
Than our glorious Mordovian land.
Student 2: Live here amicably people of different nations,
Glory and honor to the workers' hands.
And if we get down to business firmly,
Then the people will find peace and happiness.
Student 3: And if the tree is strong with roots,
The people are strong by friendship and labor.
Let in difficult, but sure ways
Mordovia will come to lasting wealth.
Student 4: I wish you, Mordovia,
To burn with an everlasting star.
Without you, blooming land, I know
I cannot live, build and sing.
The waters of Moksha are splashing in the open,
Sura fields are grain-growing,
This is all the expanse of Mordovia,
My beloved homeland.
I think that you will grow up worthy citizens of your country and will do everything to glorify our small Motherland!
I'd like you to remember the names of our famous fellow countrymen! We have a lot to be proud of!
Thank you for the work done in preparing the class hour! Thank you for the attention!
Arkaev Leonid Yakovlevich(born 1940) - head coach of the Russian national artistic gymnastics team and President of the Russian Federation of Artistic Gymnastics (1992-2004), Honored Trainer of the USSR and Russia. Born in the village of Saygushi, Chamzinsky district of Mordovia. The Gymnastic Center bears his name in Saransk.
Bolotnikov, Pyotr Grigorievich(1930-2013) - Soviet long-distance runner, Olympic champion in 1960, former world record holder at a distance of 10,000 m. Born in the village of Zinovkino, Krasnoslobodsky district.
Borchin Valery Viktorovich(born 1986) - Russian athlete, representative of the Mordovian sports walking school. Three-time champion of Russia (2006, 2008, 2009). Olympic champion in 2008 at a distance of 20 km. Honored Master of Sports of Russia. Born in the village. Povodimovo, Dubensky district
Voinov Leonid Ivanovich(1898-1967) - Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR, Honored and People's Artist of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, musician, composer and conductor. Was born in the city of Temnikov. A street in the Proletarsky district of Saransk was named after him in the city of Saransk; a bust was installed in the park of the Alley of Glory. In the homeland of the musician, there is a House-Museum.
Voronin Ivan Dmitrievich(1905-1983) - a native of Saransk, literary scholar, writer, public figure. The founder of modern local history of Mordovia. The Mordovian Republican United Museum of Local Lore in Saransk is named after him.
Devyatayev Mikhail Petrovich(1917-2002) - Senior Lieutenant of the Guard, fighter pilot, participant of the Great Patriotic War, Hero of the Soviet Union. He escaped from a German concentration camp in a bomber he hijacked. In the village of Torbeevo, where he was born, a museum of the hero was opened, a memorial sign "Escape from Hell" was installed in Saransk.
Dezhurov Vladimir Nikolaevich(born 1962) - Russian military pilot, cosmonaut. Commander of the Soyuz TM-21 spacecraft and the Mir orbital research complex. Born in the village of Yavas, Zubovo-Polyansky district.
Lashmanova Elena Anatolievna(born 1992) is a Russian athlete specializing in race walking. World Champion 2013 in Moscow. Winner of the 2012 London Olympics in the 20 kilometer run with a new world record of 1: 25.02. Honored Master of Sports of Russia (August 20, 2012).
Kaniskina Olga Nikolaevna(born 1985) - Russian athlete, Olympic champion in 2008, world champion in 2007, two-time champion of Russia. He specializes in walking 20 kilometers. She was born in the village. Floor Tavla, Kochkurovsky district.
Kirdyapkin Sergey Alexandrovich(born 1980) - Russian athlete (race walking), world champion in 2005 at a distance of 50 km, Honored Master of Sports of Russia. Born in Insar
Kiryukov Leonty Petrovich(1895 - 1965) - an outstanding Mordovian composer and teacher, choral conductor. One of the founders of Mordovian professional music. Honored Artist of the RSFSR and MASSR. People's Artist of the MASSR. A native of the Zubovo-Polyansky region of Mordovia. He contributed to the development of professional and amateur choral art, training and education of musical personnel. He is one of the founders of the Saransk School of Music, where he taught from 1931 to 1956, which was named after him in 1966. A bust of the musician is installed in the Alley of Glory in Saransk.
Alexey Mishin(born 1979) - Russian Greco-Roman style wrestler. Olympic champion in 2004, world champion in 2007, six-time European champion, multiple champion of Russia. Was born in the city of Ruzayevka. In the city of Saransk, a Specialized Children and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve in Wrestling was opened, named after him.
Alexey Nemov(born 1976) - Russian gymnast, four-time Olympic champion. Was born in the village. Barashevo Tengushevsky district of Mordovia. Selected Ambassador of the host city of Saransk for the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia ™
Polezhaev Alexander Ivanovich(1804 - 1838) - Russian poet. Born in Ruzaevka, spent his childhood in Saransk. The longest street in Saransk, on which a monument to the poet is erected, is named after Polezhaev; there is a museum dedicated to the memory of Polezhaev.
Purkaev Maxim Alekseevich(1894-1953) - Soviet military leader, commander of the Great Patriotic War, general of the army. Born in the village. Nalitovo (now Purkaevo), Dubensky district. Under his leadership, the Rzhev-Sychevskaya, Velikie Luki, Rzhev-Vyazemskaya, and Sungaria operations were prepared and carried out. After the end of the war, he was commander of the Far Eastern Military District (1945-1947). There is a street in Saransk named after M.A.Purkaev. In the park of Glory in the center of the city, there is a bust of the commander.
Sychkov Fedot Vasilievich(1870-1958) - famous Russian artist, Honored Artist of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1937), Honored Worker of Arts of the RSFSR (1950), People's Artist of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1955). The Mordovian Republican Museum of Fine Arts named after S. D. Erzya houses a permanent exhibition of his works (the funds contain the largest collection of Sychkov's works - about 600 works). In the homeland of the artist in the village. Kochelaevo, Kovylkinsky district, F.V.Sychkov House-Museum was opened
Tregubov Ivan Sergeevich(1930-1992) - Olympic champion and world champion in 1956 The best defender of the world in 1958 and 1961. Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1956). Born with. Livadka, Dubensky district
Shubina Marina Timofeevna(born 1930) - Olympic champion in 1960 in rowing in a double kayak with Antonina Seredina at a distance of 500 m, 4-time world champion: 1958 (double kayak), 1963 (single kayak and four-team kayak), 1966 ( kayak-four), Silver medalist of the world championships: 1963 (kayak-deuce), 1966 (kayak-deuce), European Champion 1963, 1965 (twice) and 1967, Silver medalist of the European Championships 1959 and 1963, 10-time champion of the USSR 1959 - 1967 as part of different crews. Born in the village of Protasovo, Ichalkovsky district
Erzya (Nefyodov) Stepan Dmitrievich(1876-1959) - Russian and Soviet sculptor and artist. The largest collection of his works is kept in the Mordovian Republican Museum of Fine Arts named after S. D. Erzya in Saransk. A monument to the sculptor is erected near the museum; a boulevard in one of the districts of Saransk is named after him. In the homeland of the sculptor in the village. Baevo, Ardatovsky district, the House-Museum of S. D. Erzya was opened.
Illarion Maksimovich Yaushev(1902-1961) - Soviet singer, Honored Artist of the RSFSR, Honored and People's Artist of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Born in the village of Lobaski, Lukoyanovsky district (now in the Ichalkovsky district of Mordovia). Studied at the Moscow Conservatory (graduated in 1935) and at the opera studio of the Bolshoi Theater (graduated in 1936). Yaushev was the first of the Mordovian singers to receive a professional musical education. Since 1937 he was a soloist of the opera house in Saransk, later named after him. He was a soloist of the Moscow and Mordovian State Philharmonic Societies. Yaushev had a strong voice with a beautiful timbre (baritone bass) of a large range. Has performed operatic roles, romances, folk songs in Russian, Mordovian, Ukrainian, Bashkir, Chuvash and Mari languages, songs by contemporary composers. In honor of Illarion Maksimovich the State Musical Theater in Saransk was named.
Stepan Erzya The name of the sculptor is widely known both in our country and abroad. Mordvin Stepan Dmitrievich Nefedov took the pseudonym of one of the ethnographic groups of the Mordovian people - Erzi. This is not just a tribute to the people who gave him life, but also a recognition that the origins of his talent, the inexhaustible life-affirming power of his works are in their national identity and indigenous people. world and Russian art, the sculptor has always remained the son of his people. Being a significant phenomenon of modern world art, Erzya's work is an expression of the genius of the Mordovian people. The future sculptor was born in 1876 in the village of Bayevo, Alatyr district, Simbirsk province, into a peasant family.
Stepan Erzya Since childhood, he was surrounded by the magnificent nature of his native land - dense forests, the picturesque river Abyss, which in spring turned into a stormy rushing stream, its steep rocky shores, as well as vast expanses of fields and hills. One of the strongest impressions left over from childhood was the works of the folk genius - solid wooden houses decorated with intricate carvings, costumes of fellow villagers amazing in elegance and brightness of finishes, comfortable and at the same time striking with ease and skill of execution all kinds of objects that were used every day in the peasant hut - jugs, spoons, wager chests, spinning wheels.
Stepan Erzya In 1909, in Venice, for the first time, he participated in the International Art Exhibition with his works "The Last Night of the Condemned" and "Self-Portrait", achieving not only success and recognition of his talent, but thereby strengthening the authority of Russian art abroad. Years spent in Italy and France. were for the young Erzya an excellent school of craftsmanship, which gives full reason to consider him not only one of the most talented, but also professionally trained Russian sculptors of the early XX century. After returning to Moscow, S. Erzya continues to develop the main thematic lines that were outlined in his art earlier - even in the Italian-French period: female images expressing complex emotional experiences, portraits, symbolic images.
Stepan Erzya At the beginning of the twenties, the search for more expressive means of performance led S. Erzya to the "discovery" of a new material for him - wood, the compositions "Leda and the Swan", "Flying", "Motherhood", performed in the Caucasus, clearly demonstrate how Art Nouveau techniques, "tested" by the sculptor earlier - in the work "Rest". "Marble", a number of female portraits, - form the basis for the formation of a new individual plastic style of S. Erzya. Its development went on over the next two decades (), which the sculptor spent in Argentina. In 1927, by the will of fate, S. Erzya ended up in Buenos Aires. It was in Argentina, quite unexpectedly for himself, that he discovered what he had been looking for for several years - an extraordinary material with which his work would subsequently be invariably associated, a tree of local origin - a kebracho. Its extraordinary hardness, expressive wood pattern, a wide range of shades, as well as the picturesque originality of the growths from the very beginning determined the peculiarities of the manner in which the works were performed.
Stepan Erzya S. Erzya was well known abroad, but few remembered him at home. But the aging sculptor constantly thought about her, being in a foreign land, he rightly worried about the fate of his works. S. Erzya returned to the Soviet Union in 1950. He managed to preserve and deliver his works to his native land - the fruit of many years of hard work, sometimes unbearably hard, but at the same time giving him so much joy. And in his Moscow workshop, the sculptor continued to work hard, afraid to put off the chisel even for a moment, because it was he who was the only thread connecting him with art - the meaning of his whole life. The sculptor Stepan Erzya died on November 27, 1959. He was buried in Saransk, and although his ashes are now forever associated with his native Mordovian land, his art, which knows no boundaries, belongs to all of humanity.
Famous people of Mordovia. Dorofeev. Dezhurov. The first Mordovian cosmonaut. March 14, 1995 Soyuz TM-21 spacecraft was launched with a Russian-American crew on board. Its commander was Lieutenant Colonel Vladimir Nikolaevich Dezhurov. He was born on July 30, 1962. in the Zubovo-Polyansky district in the village of Yavas. In 1979. he graduated from Java High School. The first Mordovian poet - Dorofeev Zakhar Fedorovich was born on March 24, 1890. in the village of Salazgor, Torbeevsky district of Mordovia. In 1909. he graduated from the Kazan seminary. In 1912. in Moscow, Dorofeev published an ABC book and books for reading in the Mordovian language. Z.F. Dorofeev died on July 18, 1952. in Moscow. The first to receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union from our fellow countrymen was Ivan Alekseevich Pozharsky, a native of the city of Ardatov. The senior political instructor received this high title for courage and heroism shown in battles with Japanese samurai near Lake Khasan in the Far East in 1938. For courage and courage in battles with the Nazi invaders, 103 representatives of Mordovia were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and 22 people became full holders of the Order of Glory of all degrees.
Slide 16 from the presentation "Republic of Mordovia"Dimensions: 720 x 540 pixels, format: .jpg. To download a slide for free for use in the lesson, right-click on the image and click "Save Image As ...". You can download the entire presentation "Republic of Mordovia.ppt" in a zip-archive of 2163 KB.
Volgo-Vyatsky district
"Volgo-Vyatka economic region population" - Agro-industrial complex. Chemical industry. The share of light and food industries exceeds 16%. The climate of the region is continental, favorable for agriculture. Therefore, dairy-meat and vegetable-potato specialization was formed near the cities. The population of the region is multinational.
"Volgo-Vyatka economic region" - Population and labor resources. Economy, branches of specialization. Transport engineering stands out among the branches of mechanical engineering of market specialization. Volgo-Vyatka economic region. Composition: Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov regions; Republics of Mari El, Chuvash, Mordovia. Population - 8.444 million people.
"Monuments of Saransk" - LP Kiryukov died on May 12, 1965. He was buried in Saransk. Polezhaeva Street is a major transport artery with links to Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod. Monument to the poet-democrat A.I. Polezhaev. Gates of Saransk - Stratonauts. Street FEDOSEENKO, former. BOLSHEVISTKAYA street, former I. M. Yaushev became the first Mordovian singer with a higher musical education.
"Omutninsky District" - Housing and communal services. The total investment in priority projects will amount to 6,641.3 million. Road facilities, maintenance and repair of roads. Medical industry. Expected results in 2013. In 2012-2013. Construction of 5 block modular boiler houses. The main problems of the municipality that require solutions in the field of economics.
"Kirov region" - Biochemical cluster. The main wealth of the Vyatka Territory is the forest. The Kirov region has a unique recreational potential. Cooperation with international development institutions. A powerful construction complex operates in the region. Logistic potential. Timber industry complex. Enzymes and enzyme preparations.
Fyodor Ushakov
Admiral of the Russian fleet Feodor Ushakov was born on February 13, 1745 in the village of Burnakovo, Romanovsky district of the Yaroslavl province and came from a poor, but ancient noble family. His parents were named Theodore Ignatievich and Paraskeva Nikitichna, and they were pious and deeply religious people. The birthday of the future admiral of the Russian fleet - February 13 - falls between the commemoration of two warriors-great martyrs: Theodore Stratilat and Theodore Tyrone (commemorated February 8 and 17) - and the whole life of a Russian naval commander, from infancy to the day of his death, passed under the beneficial influence of his own uncle, the Monk Theodore of Sanaksar, a great warrior in spiritual warfare. The Monk Theodore was born and raised in the same village of Burnakovo, from here in his youth he left to serve in the capital's guard, but then, striving with his soul for a different service, wishing to acquire the title of a warrior of the Heavenly King, fled from the capital to the desert forests of Dvina, so that God alone would work, strengthening himself in the exploit of fasting and prayer; was found, taken to the Empress, who, having heeded the Providence of God for the young ascetic, deigned to leave him in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, where he took monastic vows in 1748 - and this is an exceptional event for the noble family of Ushakovs, coupled with subsequent news of his monastic service to God, was a constant subject of conversation among relatives and served as an instructive example for them. A large family of Ushakovs consisted of the parish of the Epiphany-on-the-Island church, which was located three miles from Burnakovo on the left bank of the Volga. In this temple, Theodore was baptized, there was also a school for noble children, where he learned to read and write. Feodor Ignatievich and Paraskeva Nikitichna, being very pious, considered the development of high religious feelings and strict morality to be the main condition for raising children. These feelings, excited by the examples of the family and especially of his own uncle-monk, were deeply imprinted in the heart of the growing youth, preserved and became dominant throughout his subsequent life. In the wilderness of the country estate, there was plenty of room for physical development; The adolescent Theodore, possessing an innate fearlessness of character, often, accompanied by the same daredevils, dared, as biographers note, to exploits beyond his years - for example, with the headman of his village, he went to see a bear. These qualities - fearlessness and disregard for danger - were also entrenched in Theodore's character. Modest and compliant under normal conditions, Theodor Ushakov seemed to be reborn in moments of danger and looked her straight in the face without fear. At the age of sixteen, Theodore was presented to the heraldry's office for a review, where he showed that "he had been taught Russian literacy and writing ... he, Theodore, wants to join the Naval Cadet Corps as cadets." was an institution that was not yet tuned in for a correct educational life. The sciences were taught well enough to form a serviceable naval officer, but there was no internal order, proper observation of the morality of young men. The cadets were left to their own devices, and with a tendency of adolescents to imitate and youth, bad comrades could have a greater influence than good ones. In addition, a lot of hopes in the matter of education were pinned on the rod. But the unfavorable school conditions did not affect the young man Theodora; the good qualities of his character, brought by him to the corps from his own family, protected him from damage. The future admiral, distinguished by good studies and good morality, diligently comprehended the sciences taught to him, showing a special inclination for arithmetic, navigation and history, and five years later successfully, one of the best, graduated from the Naval Corps, received an officer's rank and was sworn in:
"As, Theodore Ushakov, promise and swear by Almighty God, the Holy One of His gospel is that hoschu and must NL Imperial Majesty, my most gracious Empress Catherine A. autocrat and Her Imperial MAJESTY kindest son Emperor Tsezarevich and Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, legal vserossiyskago heir , faithfully and unfeignedly serve and obey in everything, not sparing your belly to the last drop of blood ... In what way may the Lord God Almighty help me! "
The whole subsequent life of Feodor Feodorovich became confirmation that he had not changed the oath he had given in anything. After his release from the Naval Corps, Feodor Ushakov was sent to the Baltic Sea fleet. The North Seas are rarely calm, and for a young officer it was a good naval school. The first years of service in the Navy were spent in intensive study under the guidance of experienced sailors. Thanks to his diligence, inquisitive mind, zealous attitude to work and high spiritual qualities, the young midshipman Theodor Ushakov successfully passed this first school of maritime practice and was transferred to the south, to the Azov flotilla. At the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th century, the state task of returning the Black Sea coast to Russia was put forward. In 1775, under Empress Catherine II, it was decided to create a regular linear fleet on the Black Sea. In 1778, thirty versts above the mouth of the Dnieper, not far from the Glubokaya pier, an admiralty was established, and the port and city of Kherson were founded. Work began on the construction of slipways for ships, however, due to great difficulties with the delivery of timber from the deep regions of Russia, the construction was delayed. Things began to get better only with the arrival of officers and crews on the ships under construction. In August 1783, the captain of the second rank Theodor Ushakov arrived in Kherson. at the same time, a plague epidemic began in the city. Quarantine was established in Kherson. At the time, the plague was believed to spread through the air. To drive away the pestilence, fires were made in the streets, dwellings were fumigated, but the epidemic intensified. Despite the difficult military situation, which required the continuation of the construction of ships, an order was given to completely stop work and send all forces to fight the plague. All teams were taken out to the steppe. There were not enough doctors, their duties were assumed by the commanders. Captain Theodor Ushakov began to firmly establish a special quarantine regime. He divided his entire team into artels. Each had its own tent made of reeds, on the sides of which trestles were installed to ventilate the clothes. A hospital tent was located at a considerable distance. If a sick person appeared in the artel, he was immediately sent to a separate tent, and the old one, along with all his belongings, was burned. The rest of the artel workers were transferred to quarantine. Communication between one cooperative and another was strictly prohibited. Ushakov himself tirelessly followed all this. As a result of the energetic actions of Feodor Ushakov, the plague in his team disappeared four months earlier than in others. In the most difficult time of the epidemic in terms of tension, he did not send anyone to the hospital, overcrowded with patients, and saved many from death, using them at the command. Here, of course, his exceptional ability to solve the most difficult and unexpected problems was manifested; but, mainly, the great love of Feodor Ushakov for his neighbors, merciful, compassionate love, prompting him the most correct decisions, was manifested here. the testimony of the then abbot of the monastery, Hieromonk Nathanael, about the final period of the earthly life of Feodor Feodorovich was preserved: “Admiral Ushakov, a neighbor and famous benefactor of the Sanaksar monastery, upon his arrival from St. a forest of three versts, which on Sundays and holidays came for pilgrimage to the monastery for the services of God at all times.In Great Lent he lived in a monastery, in a cell, for his fasting and preparation for the Holy Secrets for a whole week and all long service with the brethren in church he stood unconditionally and listened reverently; from time to time he sacrificed considerable benefits from the zeal of his monastery; in the same way, to the poor and the poor, he did the everlasting merciful alms and aid. "
The Patriotic War of 1812 began. The whole people rose to fight the French. In the Tambov province, as well as throughout Russia, militias were created to defend the Fatherland. At the provincial meeting of the nobility, in which Feodor Feodorovich could not take part due to illness, he was elected by a majority of votes head of the internal Tambov militia. The leader of the nobility wrote to him: “The long-term experience of your service and excellent zeal before the Throne of the Russian state, you have proven, will give the nobility firm ways to zealous exploits for the benefit of the general, may they motivate everyone to beneficent donations and breathe a readiness in everyone's heart to take part in salvation Fatherland ... "" For my favorable, kind opinion of me and for the honor I have done, I bring my most humble gratitude, - answered the admiral. - With excellent zeal and jealousy I would like to take on this position and serve the Fatherland, but with extreme regret for the illness and with great weakness of health, I cannot and cannot take it upon myself and fulfill it. " But, meanwhile, together with Temnikov's cathedral archpriest Asincrit Ivanov, he set up a hospital for the wounded, giving money for its maintenance. They contributed two thousand rubles to the formation of the 1st Tambov Infantry Regiment. All that he had, he gave "to help others suffering from the ruin of a vicious enemy ..." Back in 1803, he contributed twenty thousand rubles to the Board of Trustees of the St. Petersburg Orphanage; now he transferred the entire amount with the interest due to it in favor of those ruined by the war: "I have long had a desire to distribute all this money without withdrawal to the needy and itinerant, who have no homes, clothes and food." Not only the peasants of the surrounding villages and residents of the city of Temnikov, but also from distant places, many came to him. With the sufferers who had lost their property, he shared what he had; burdened with sorrow and despondency, he consoled with an unshakable hope for the goodness of Heavenly Providence. “Do not despair!” He said. “These formidable storms will turn to the glory of Russia. Faith, love for the Fatherland and adherence to the Throne will triumph.
According to the same Hieromonk Nathanael, the admiral spent a few days of his life "extremely abstinent and ended his life as a true Christian and faithful son of the Holy Church on October 2 monastery of this hieromonk Theodore by the name of Ushakov. "
Theodore Feodorovich was celebrated in the Transfiguration Church of the city of Temnikov by Archpriest Asinkrit Ivanov, who, the day before the death of the righteous man, on the feast of the Protection of the Most Holy Lady of our Mother of God, received his last confession and communed the Holy Mysteries; when the coffin with the body of the deceased admiral, with a large crowd of people, was carried out of the city in their arms, they wanted to put it on a cart, but the people continued to carry it to the very Sanaksar monastery. There the monastic brethren met the noble boyar Theodora. Theodore Feodorovich was buried at the wall of the cathedral church, next to his dear Reverend Elder, so that from now on he would be together forever.
almost two centuries have passed since the righteous death of Feodor Feodorovich. His ascetic and highly spiritual life, his virtues were not forgotten in his homeland. Russian soldiers and naval commanders, the Orthodox Russian army lived by his behests.
When the times of persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church came, the Sanaksar Monastery, where Feodor Feodorovich rested, was closed. The chapel, built over the grave of the admiral, was destroyed to the ground, his honest remains in the 1930s were desecrated by the atheists.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the military glory of Feodor Feodorovich Ushakov was recalled, his name, along with the names of the holy noble warrior princes Alexander Nevsky and Dimitri Donskoy, inspired the defenders of the Motherland to the heroic deed. The military order of Admiral Ushakov was established, which became the highest award for warrior-sailors.
When, in 1944, the question arose about the place of burial of Admiral Ushakov. A state commission was created, which carried out excavations on the territory of the Sanaksar monastery and the opening of the grave of Admiral Ushakov near the wall of the cathedral church. The honest remains of Feodor Feodorovich turned out to be incorruptible, which was noted in the corresponding document of the commission.
now the grave of Theodore Ushakov and, as a result, the entire Sanaksar monastery were under the supervision of the state authorities, and this prevented the destruction of the monastery revered by the righteous.
In 1991 the Sanaksar Monastery was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. The veneration of the holy righteous man increases from year to year. Memorial services are served at his grave, numerous pilgrims - clergy, monastics, pious laymen, among whom you can often see warriors-sailors - come to bow to Feodor Feodorovich Ushakov, a zealous servant of the Fatherland and the people of God, who showed himself a great example of military valor and Christian mercy ...
Patriarch Nikon
Patriarch Nikon was born in May 1605 in the village of Velemanovo near Nizhny Novgorod in the family of the peasant Mina and was named Nikita.
When all his relatives died, remaining the owner of the house, Nikita got married. Soon he was ordained a parish priest. Then Nikita decided to retire to a monastery. He persuaded his wife to take a haircut at the Alekseevsky monastery, and he himself tonsured his hair at the Anzersky skete under the name of Nikon. He was then 30 years old. From the Anzersky skete Nikon moved to the Kozheozero desert, located on the Kozheozero islands. Soon the brethren elected him their abbot. In 1646, Nikon went to Moscow with a bow to the young Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Alexei liked Nikon, he told him to stay in Moscow. Patriarch Joseph consecrated Nikon to the rank of archimandrite of the Novospassky monastery, where the Romanov family tomb was located. The tsar often came there to pray and talked with Nikon for a long time. Metropolitan Athanasius of Novgorod died in 1648. Nikon was elected in his place.
In 1652, after the death of Patriarch Joseph, the spiritual council, to please the Tsar, elected Nikon as Patriarch. Nikon took the patriarchal throne, having in his head an established system of views on the Church. In his view, the secular and spiritual spheres of life did not mix with each other, but, on the contrary, had to maintain, each in its own area, complete independence. The patriarch in religious and ecclesiastical matters was to become the same unlimited ruler as the king in worldly matters.
Going to war in Little Russia in 1654, Alexei Mikhailovich entrusted the patriarch with his family, the capital, and entrusted him with the supervision of justice and the course of affairs in orders. During the two-year absence of the tsar, Nikon, who officially assumed the title of the great sovereign, solely managed all state affairs.
In accordance with his lofty ideas about the importance of the Church in the life of society, Nikon took strict measures to raise the discipline and culture of the clergy. He wanted to make Moscow a religious capital, a "third Rome" for all Orthodox peoples. At the same time, he strove to restore full agreement between the Russian church service and the Greek one, destroying all the features that distinguished the first from the second. From time immemorial, Russian Orthodox Christians were fully confident that they preserve Christian worship in complete and primordial purity, exactly as it was established by the church fathers. However, the Eastern hierarchs began to point out to the Russians the numerous incongruities in Russian worship that could upset the agreement between the local Orthodox churches.
In 1653 Nikon assembled a spiritual council of Russian hierarchs, archimandrites, abbots and archpops. Addressing the audience, Nikon brought the letters of the Ecumenical Patriarchs for the establishment of the Moscow Patriarchate at the end of the 16th century. The patriarchs pointed to deviations in Russian worship from those norms that were established in Greece and other Eastern Orthodox countries. The council decided to correct all mistakes in accordance with the Greek canons.
Nikon entrusted the correction of books to the Kiev monk-scribe Epiphanius Slavinetsky and the Greek Arseny. Soon a new council was convened, at which it was decided that henceforth one should be baptized with three, not two fingers, and a curse was placed on those who cross themselves with two fingers. Then a new missive was published with corrected text. In April 1656, a new council was convened, which approved all the changes made. Opponents of the reform appeared already here: they were defrocked and exiled. Protopop Avvakum, the most fierce opponent of innovation, was sent with his family to Dauria. When the new books, together with the order to be baptized with three fingers, reached the local priests, a murmur arose at once in many places. Many ordinary monks and priests came to the conviction that they were trying to replace the old faith with another. New books refused to be taken into account and served over the old. The Solovetsky Monastery was one of the first to oppose this innovation. The patriarch unleashed brutal repression on the disobedient. In response, complaints from all sides to the tsar went about the willfulness and ferocity of the patriarch, his pride and self-interest. Near Alexei Mikhailovich there were also many boyars - Nikon's enemies. The efforts of ill-wishers did not remain in vain: Alexei Mikhailovich began to gradually move away from the patriarch. In the summer of 1658, there was already an obvious disagreement - the tsar several times did not invite the patriarch to court holidays and did not attend his divine services. Then he sent Prince Romodanovsky to him with a command that Nikon would no longer be written by the great sovereign. Nikon abdicated the patriarchal see, probably hoping that the tsar would be frightened. After serving the Liturgy in the Assumption Cathedral, he took off his mantle and went on foot to the courtyard of the Resurrection Monastery.
Instead of the patriarch who left his throne, a new one should be elected. But Nikon already repented of his hasty removal and again began to make claims to the patriarchate. It was impossible to proceed with the election of a new patriarch without resolving the question: in what relation he will be to the old one. To consider this problem, a council of Russian clergy was convened in 1660. Most of the bishops were against Nikon and decided to defrock him, but a minority argued that the local council did not have such power over the patriarch. This confused the matter so much that it could only be resolved by an international council. At the beginning of 1666, a "great council" met in Moscow, attended by two Greek patriarchs and 30 bishops, Russian and Greek. The council unanimously condemned Nikon and stripped him of his patriarchal dignity and priesthood. He was exiled to the Ferapontov monastery. Here he was kept for several years almost like a prisoner. In 1671, Alexei ordered the removal of the guards. After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich in 1676, Nikon's position worsened - he was transferred to the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery under supervision. Only in 1681, already seriously ill, was Nikon released from captivity. On the way to Moscow, he died. His body was brought to the Resurrection Monastery and buried there. The result of Nikon's transformations was a great schism in the Russian Orthodox Church.
Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya
The name of the sculptor Erzya is widely known both in our country and abroad. Mordvin Stepan Dmitrievich Nefedov took the pseudonym of one of the ethnographic groups of the Mordovian people - Erzi. This is not just a tribute to the people who gave him life, but also a recognition that the origins of his talent, the inexhaustible life-affirming power of his works, lie in their national identity and original people.
Having gone through a big life school, knowing well and talentedly, boldly implementing the traditions of world and Russian art in his work, the sculptor has always remained the son of his people.
Being a significant phenomenon of contemporary world art, Erzya's work is an expression of the genius of the Mordovian people. The future sculptor was born in 1876 in the village of Bayevo, Alatyr district, Simbirsk province, into a peasant family. Since childhood, he was surrounded by the magnificent nature of his native land - dense forests, the picturesque river Abyss, which in spring turned into a stormy rushing stream, its steep rocky shores, as well as vast expanses of fields and hills. One of the strongest impressions left over from childhood was the works of the folk genius - solid wooden houses decorated with intricate carvings, costumes of fellow villagers amazing in elegance and brightness of finishes, comfortable and at the same time striking with ease and skill of execution all kinds of objects that were used every day in the peasant hut - jugs, spoons, wager chests, spinning wheels. Thus, the basis for the formation of the unique artistic gift of Stepan Nefedov was everything that was originally inherent in the art of the ancient Mordovian people. The brilliant natural data of the young sculptor were developed at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in the workshop of Sergei Volnukhin, and then in the sculptural ateliers. Europe (1907-1914). The Mordovian sculptor spent seven years in Italy and France.
In 1909, in Venice, for the first time, he participated in the International Art Exhibition with his works "The Last Night of the Condemned" and "Self-Portrait", achieving not only success and recognition of his talent, but thereby strengthening the authority of Russian art abroad.
Years spent in Italy and France. were for the young Erzya an excellent school of craftsmanship, which gives full reason to consider him not only one of the most talented, but also professionally trained Russian sculptors of the early XX century.
After returning to Moscow, S. Erzya continues to develop the main thematic lines that were outlined in his art earlier - even in the Italian-French period: female images expressing complex emotional experiences, portraits, symbolic images. One of the first in Russian plastic arts of the 20th century, S. Erzya showed the dignity and beauty of a woman - a representative of the "small" people, creating images full of lyricism, deep and sincere feelings ("Mongolian", "Erzyan woman", "Mordovka's head").
In the early twenties, the search for more expressive means of execution led S. Erzya to the "discovery" of a new material for him - wood, the compositions "Leda and the Swan", "Flying", "Motherhood", made in the Caucasus, clearly demonstrate how the techniques of modern , "tested" by the sculptor earlier - in the work "Rest". "Marble", a number of female portraits, - form the basis for the formation of a new individual plastic style of S. Erzya. Its development went on over the next two decades (1927-1950), which the sculptor spent in Argentina.
In 1927, by the will of fate, S. Erzya ended up in Buenos Aires. It was in Argentina, quite unexpectedly for himself, that he discovered what he had been looking for for several years - an extraordinary material with which his work would subsequently be invariably associated, a tree of local origin - a kebracho. Its extraordinary hardness, expressive wood pattern, a wide range of shades, as well as the picturesque originality of the growths from the very beginning determined the peculiarities of the manner in which the works were performed. A special effect and artistry gave the sculptor's works an expressive contrast of an untreated outgrowth with a carefully polished surface.
The work of S. Erzya was well known abroad, but few recalled it at home. But the aging sculptor constantly thought about her, being in a foreign land, he rightly worried about the fate of his works.
S. Erzya returned to the Soviet Union in 1950. He managed to preserve and deliver his works to his native land - the fruit of many years of hard work, sometimes unbearably hard, but at the same time giving him so much joy. And in his Moscow workshop, the sculptor continued to work hard, afraid to put off the chisel even for a moment, because it was he who was the only thread connecting him with art - the meaning of his whole life.
The sculptor Stepan Erzya died on November 27, 1959. He was buried in Saransk, and although his ashes are now forever associated with his native Mordovian land, his art, which knows no boundaries, belongs to all of humanity.
Fedot Vasilievich Sychkov
“I like to portray ordinary people not only in work, but also to show their cheerfulness, fun, games. I think that this inexhaustible optimism of an ordinary Russian person reflects his great creative power, firm belief in a happy future ”- wrote the Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR and MASSR, People's Artist of Mordovia Fedot Vasilyevich Sychkov. These words are a figurative artistic credo of the painter. Having lived a long and unusually fruitful life. FV Sychkov created about three hundred works, wrote over a thousand studies. The huge legacy of the master spread throughout the country. His works are kept in many museums and private collections, most of them are concentrated in the collection of the Mordovian Republican Museum of Fine Arts named after S. D. Erzya. FV Sychkov's work is distinguished by a rare integrity. The artist's sympathies were once and for all given to one topic - the life of his native village Kochelaev, in which he lived almost his entire life. Work, holidays of fellow villagers, the nature of his native land, he glorified in his works. Among the people from which the artist came and among whom he lived, he saw and appreciated special features - optimism and love of life. All his work is distinguished by these same qualities.
Artist Fedot Vasilyevich Sychkov (1887-1958) was the founder of professional painting in the Mordovian region. All his life and work, he connected with his native places, with his fellow countrymen, devoting all his rich creative heritage to them. F. Sychkov was born in the village of Kochelaevo, Penza province (now the Republic of Mordovia) in the family of a poor peasant. In his youth, the future artist worked in the artel of icon painters. The participation in his fate of a landowner from an estate neighboring the village of Kochelaevo, a St. Petersburg official, General Ivan Arapov, allowed Sychkov to enter the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts in St. Petersburg. Thanks to his ability and perseverance, he completed the six-year school course in 3 years, and then continued his education at the Imperial Academy of Arts (1895-1900). No one has experienced so much grief and no one so brightly and mentally sang joy, laughter, a lively smile, like Sychkov. Maybe he deliberately avoided the dark sides of life? No, there are many sketches in the artist's archive that depict these aspects of life. But here, for example, what the journal "Nature and People" wrote in 1878 in a July book about the Mordovians: "Fun is one of the distinguishing features of the Mordovians. And in joy, in sorrow, and when returning from field work, Mordovians almost constantly go songs ". Sychkov took this "hidden engine" of the people's moral health with all his heart and spoke about it with all the strength of his extraordinary talent.
RAISA BESPALOVA
January 21, 2000 marked the 75th anniversary of the birth of the People's Artist of Russia Raisa Makarovna Bespalova. Throughout her entire life in art, she was devoted to Mordovia, refusing to move to work in other cities of the country: Saratov, Ar-zamas, Voronezh, Write about her as a person who made a significant contribution to the spiritual culture of the republic and forever connected my creative destiny with Saransk, I, the author of this publication, made me want to tell as a son about my own mother. Since Bespalova's personal archive has practically not survived, there is not a single video recording of her performances on television, and many biographical facts require clarification and additional interpretation, such a desire is fully justified. In addition, the phenomenon of Bespalova, which has absorbed the ethno-national characteristics of the Erzyan culture, deserves more detailed consideration as a phenomenon of the general human order, R.M.Bespalova occupies a special place among the most prominent representatives of the artistic intelligentsia of Mordovia of the WTO -some twenties of the XX century. Her creative activity was associated with vocal performance, and with the acting profession, and with pedagogical work. Against the background of other professional actors, vocalists, teachers, in many respects Bespalova was and remains a unique person. She was not only the first in Mordovia to receive the high title of People's Artist of Russia (1970) and the first among the artists of the republic to be awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor (1960), Bespalova became the first representative of the artistic intelligentsia of Mordovia, an elected deputy of the Supreme Soviet - veneration of the USSR (1962) and a deputy of the Saransk City Sonnet (1957).
These facts are presented only in order to show the degree of Raya Makarovna's involvement not only in the artistic, but also in the public life of Mordovia and the whole country, which did not become an obstacle to the implementation of her creative quests in theatrical art and in vocal performer. The idea that in Russia recognition of a talented person comes only after death is not true in relation to Bespalova. Recognition, reverence for talent, popularity, success, glory Raisa Makarovna tortured during her lifetime, and to a large extent due to her personal qualities. Glory and popularity were by no means the goal of the life of an actress and singer. She treated them philosophically, often repeating: "The higher you fly, the more painful you will fall." She calmly uttered this phrase in 1971, after the news that her name was struck off the list of applicants for the State Prize of Mordovia "in the field of literature, art and journalism, a formal reason for refusal, as explained to her in At the Ministry of Culture, a disease appeared that chained Raisa Makarovna at the end of the 60s for several months to bed. The real reason, probably, was rooted much deeper: in the early 70s, she actually refused to perform in government concerts, of which there were many in the “Brezhnev era” on different occasions. So who is she - Raisa Bespalova?
Admirers of vocal talent with love called her nothing more than "Mordovian nightingale", comparing it to a bird, whose singing capabilities became the foreground of poetry in Russia. Nature has endowed the singer with unique vocal abilities, rarely found even among world-famous performers. The undisputed authority and standard of vocal skill for her was the Peruvian singer Imma Sumal, entered in the Guinness Book of Records, with a voice range of four octaves.
Bespalova herself sang with the same ease, which is remarkable not only for vocalists of Mordovia, in the range of high mez-tso-soprano (Carmen from the opera of the same name by J. Vize), contralto (princess in the opera "Ru-salka" by A, Dargomyzhsky), Soy early (starring in the operettas "The Merry Widow" by F. Lsgar, "Silva" and "Marina" by I. Kalman), she sang Russian romances, songs of Sopet and foreign composers, Mordovian folk songs.
In 1958, our illustrious compatriot singer Illarion Mak-simovich Yaushev returned from Moscow to Saransk for permanent residence. The careful attitude to the young national cadres of the talented singers of Mordovia fully characterizes the personality of this wonderful person. His acquaintance with R. Bespalova took place a decade earlier, when, in 1948, students of the Mordovian National Opera Studio at the Saratop Conservatory performed in Saransk at the theater's link with a town report. Subsequently, they had the opportunity to repeatedly perform in concerts together. In January 1958, three Erzya singers - I. Yaushev, D. Eremeev and R. Bespalova represented Mordovia at a conference of composers and music experts from the Volga and Siberian republics held in Kazan. 15 memory of the joint performance at the final concert in the hall of the Kazan State Conservatory Yaushev presented Bespalova with the notes of the Mordovian lullaby "Nurtsima Moro" in his own recording and processing. In sweeping handwriting, he made a dedication inscription: “Good performer! Paradise from Yaushev 30.1 - 58 Kazan "1.
In the 60s and 80s, Bespalova's voice was often heard on the All-Union Radio under the heading "Songs of the Peoples of the USSR" composer G. G. Vdovin on the poetic texts of traditional folk songs and verses of Mordovian poets G. G. Vdovik dedicated a cycle to the singer Bespalova.Each of its five independent parts draws archetypal pictures of the life of the Mordovian people.
The harmonious organization and methods of vocalization of Erzyan musical and poetic texts, well known to Bespalova, helped the performer professionally, with a high emotional return intonation, to reflect the figurative world of the ancient mythology of the Mordovians ("Pavan tolga-mekshava"), to convey unpretentious beauty village life ("Shepherd Moro") and love for the native land ("Native Master"). After Bes-palova, none of the Mordovian female performers dared to reproduce this musical cycle, which is most difficult in musical terms.
Composer G.I.Surasv-Korolev, with whom Bespalova had close creative cooperation since the beginning of the 50s, since their joint work in the song and dance ensemble "Ulirika", dedicated to her the musical ballad "Saransk Says ". It was with these words that for a long time the republican radio of Mordovia opened its broadcasting every day, where the singer recorded her performances quite often and willingly. A collection of vocal compositions presented to her personally in June 1992 was accompanied by a remarkable
with the inscription: “Dear Raisa Makarovna! Your marvelous voice opens my book ... I sincerely bow to the performance of my compositions by you * 2. The good wish was not destined to come true. At this time, she was already seriously ill, and she had only one and a half years to live. A few months before her death, she said with sadness: "So life went on somehow imperceptibly." This was the subjective assessment of her own existence on earth. But if you look at the creative fate of Bespalova through the eyes of “another”, as an event completed and at the same time lasting in a long time of culture, then the assessment will be completely different.
The well-known director V. V. Dolgov and the fen-ral in 1997 at an evening held in the theater in memory of the People's Artist of Mordovia and Russia R. M. Bespalova said: “The art of the Mordovian people at the world level is fully represented by Stepan Erzya, Fedot Sychkov and Raisa Bespalova ". These words contain an assessment of the significance of the contribution of the sculptor, painter and singer to the treasury of universal human culture. They are united not only by talent, universalism, professional skill, but also national-Mordovian and universal, organically woven into creativity.
The similarity of artistic consciousness and creative closeness can be traced to a large extent along the line of comparison between Bespalova and Erzya. The formation of the worldview and "picture of the world" of both proceeded under the influence of folk culture, in particular the Erzya language as a system of significant sound units that determine the national perception of reality. Bespalova repeatedly expressed her special, emphatically respectful attitude to her native language in the following words: “There are two languages in the world, as if specially created for vocal singing - Italian and Mordovian. They have a lot of vowel sounds. " The statement about the melodiousness of these languages was based on an excellent knowledge of the musical culture of various peoples of the world, especially Italian and, of course, Mordovian.
The thematic direction of the vocal works performed by Bespalova is surprisingly similar to the creative aspirations of Erzya. Many of them are in the fund of the republican radio: "Mother's song" from L. Novikov's copy, Chilean folk song "Heart, don't cry", "Tenderness" by A. Pakhmutova, lullaby "Tyu-tu-balyu" (music by L. Kirkzhova , verses by F. Atyanin) and many others.
R. M, Bespalova on the stage of the theater created a whole gallery of bright female images, close in texture to the female images created by Erzya: the Spaniard Carmen, the Japanese Su-zuki, the gypsy Chipra, the Magyarka Silva, the moron Aitova. The worldview and creative impulses of Bespalova, like Erza, had the theatricality property, that is, the perception of the world through the playful beginning, as a kind of stage, like a theater. Hence the unexpected actions and reincarnations. One such example is a case often referred to by her sisters. After graduating from the Saratov Conservatory in 1952 with a degree in "Solo singing" and obtaining the qualification "Opera and chamber singers;], teacher" Raisa Makarovna visited her homeland - the village of Kurilovo. Together with her sisters, she went to the neighboring village of Boltine, to her mother's homeland on the August patronal feast of Macarius. On the way back, they were caught by a thunderstorm with a heavy downpour. Boltin youth gathered under the canopy where they hid from the rain. Suddenly, overlapping the rumble of the thunder, the powerful voice of Raisa sounded, entered into a dispute with nature itself and tamed the elements. She sang a song in Erzya, and the fear of a thunderstorm disappeared by itself, "Sings like an artist!" - many of those present appreciated what was happening, who had no idea that a really professional singer was singing, invited to work in a song and dance ensemble. This time, Raisa Makarovna managed to keep a thread of her artistic secret. Subsequently, when her voice began to sound regularly on the radio, along with the voices of I. Yaushsv, D, Eremeev, M. Antonova, such tricks were no longer successful.
Perhaps it was this episode that Raisa Makarovna recalled, working 15 years later on the role of the wise and domineering Queen of the Cloud in the 1967 musical Bride of Thunder by K. Akimov and F. Atyanin.
In addition to the named role, Bespalova played several more diverse and diverse roles in national performances: the insidious and ruthless old woman Va-zhyay in L. Kirkzhov's opera "Normal", the masculine and strong-willed Barda and the native heroine of Lithuania in the musical drama of the same name. Experienced theatergoers remember that Bespalova was called Litova in the 60s, associating her with the vivid image created on the link of the Mordovian musical and dramatic theater, thereby emphasizing the artistic abilities of the actress.
