Construction technologies are constantly updated. New materials appear, replacing old ones. Thus, relatively recently, a large-format building material called warm ceramics or porous ceramic blocks appeared on the market. The blocks contain high quality clay, sawdust and water. These components are environmentally friendly, which means that products made from them meet high environmental safety requirements. The blocks have a porous structure, which improves sound absorption and thermal insulation properties. These and other features of ceramic blocks have made them especially popular in the construction of single- and multi-storey buildings in many European countries. This article will talk about how to lay ceramic blocks, but first, we suggest you familiarize yourself in more detail with the advantages of this material.

Warm ceramics are used by both professionals and amateur craftsmen. For the sake of objectivity, the pros and cons of the material will be given below. So let's start with the benefits. This list includes:

1. Stability and strength. Modern technologies The manufacture of blocks provided the opportunity to obtain a unique combination of low thermal conductivity and high strength grade of the material. Ceramic blocks retained the parameters of ordinary red brick and acquired new properties.
2. Energy efficiency. Ceramic blocks provide high quality air-heat balance. This means that the room will receive Fresh air with minimal heating costs.
3. Environmental safety and natural air conditioning function. Thanks to the capillary structure of the blocks, air penetrates through the pores of the walls, creating natural moisture exchange. Thus, the walls will play the role of a natural air conditioner: if there is excess moisture, it will be absorbed into the walls, and if the air in the room is too dry, the walls will make up for the lack of moisture. Thanks to this, the likelihood of the formation of fungi and mold on the surface of the walls is eliminated.
4. Cracks will not appear on plastered walls, since ceramic blocks do not shrink.
5. Tongue-groove joint. The tongue-and-groove joining technology makes it possible to lay blocks even in a vertical position.

1. Plastering ceramic block walls is very simple, as they have a slightly rough corrugated surface, which ensures reliable adhesion plaster mixture with the wall surface. This is also very economical, since to plaster a wall made of ceramic block you will need one and a half times less plaster mixture than for a wall made of ordinary red brick.
2. Ceramic blocks are more voluminous than ordinary bricks. Due to this, walls made of this material are erected several times faster than those made of brick. Thus, the cost of construction is reduced.
3. The light weight of the blocks reduces the load on the foundation. Savings can be up to 40%.
4. Ceramic blocks have high thermal insulation properties, so there is no need to carry out additional insulation structures built from them.

Each material has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is worth mentioning the disadvantages of the material. The main disadvantage is considered to be low load bearing capacity and the strength of warm ceramics. Therefore, when building a house from ceramic blocks, it needs to be further strengthened. It will not be possible to screw racks, ladders and other heavy products to the walls.

Laying ceramic blocks cannot be done using the mortar used for laying ordinary red brick. In this case, you should use special masonry thermal insulation solutions. This is due to the difference in the thermal properties of these materials.

Note! If you make seams from ordinary cement-sand or lime-cement mortar, they will create cold bridges. Consequently, the thermal insulation properties of the walls will be significantly reduced.

The binder of the so-called warm solution is cement, and expanded clay sand, perlite or pumice are used as fillers. It is worth noting that the use of warm masonry mortar is advisable when laying external walls. For the construction of internal walls, ordinary mortar is used. It is prepared manually or in a concrete mixer at low speed.

Available for sale ready-made mixtures, sold dry. All that is required from the builder to prepare the solution is to add water according to the instructions included with the mixture. The solution should be medium dense. It should not fill the voids of the blocks.

Note! Warm solution improves the thermal performance of masonry by 17%.

When laying ceramic blocks, a so-called bed seam is used. It is important to maintain a certain balance. A very thin seam will not equalize the horizontal errors of the blocks, and a thick one will worsen the strength of the masonry. Optimal thickness seam – 12 mm. The solution is applied evenly.

Note! Load-bearing walls are subject to static load, so the masonry joint must be continuous. During the construction of partitions masonry joint may be intermittent.

In the south of the country, external walls can be built from less thick blocks. When laying brick walls, you need to make not only horizontal, but also vertical joints. Ceramic blocks are connected to each other using tongue-and-groove technology, which eliminates the need to fill vertical joints with mortar. This not only helps save mortar, but also reduces construction time.

Before laying begins, a waterproofing solution is laid on the base, on which a waterproof material should be laid. In this case, the width of this material should exceed the thickness of the masonry by 2–3 cm.

Note! Reliable waterproofing between the base and the wall being built is a guarantee of the strength of the house.

After waterproofing the base, a bed or horizontal seam should be applied. It needs to be leveled. In this case, you should start at the highest point. Walls made of porous ceramic blocks are laid in warm, dry weather. The air temperature should be above +5℃. Unfinished walls should be covered with waterproof material at night and during rainfall.

Masonry starts from the corners. The first blocks are laid in the corners and connected to each other along the outside with a mooring cord. Subsequent blocks are inserted into one another along a cord. In this case, horizontal displacement of the masonry should not be allowed.

It happens that the block sizes are slightly different. In this case, they need to be cut down with a tabletop circular or manual electric chain saw. When laying the first row, it is important to strictly observe the horizontal and angles. With a slight deviation from the horizontal, the blocks tap rubber mallet. The surface of each row is moistened with water before applying the solution and laying the next one. If on outside if mortar leaks into the wall, it should be collected. This can be done with a spatula.

The dressing of masonry and walls deserves special attention. The integrity of the structure depends on this. The shift of blocks in adjacent rows must be at least 0.4 of the block height. Dressing outer wall from the inside it is carried out with steel perforated anchors. They are laid in horizontal seams in odd rows.

So, now you are ready to build walls from porous ceramic blocks. For clarity, we have placed video materials at the end of this article. If you still have questions, ask our expert. He will kindly provide you with additional information.

Video

The presented video material reveals the intricacies of ceramic block masonry:

In order for the structure to be truly high-quality and reliable, the masonry mortar must have low thermal conductivity.

Warm mixture" Perel", produced by TD Perel LLC, has excellent properties and unsurpassed quality. The low thermal conductivity of this mixture is achieved due to the inclusion of perlite sand in the composition. In addition, unlike standard mixtures, a warm solution " Perel"It also has a low density.

If you want to purchase a first-class product at a competitive price, give preference to a warm mixture from our company. Unique technologies, control over every stage of production, and the priority of honest cooperation with customers allow us to produce competitive products that are extremely popular among builders of all levels.

Thermal insulating masonry mixture "Perel" is the choice of the majority

Before you start working with our solution, you need to carry out preparatory work:

• cleaning masonry material from dirt and dust;
• checking the strength and evenness of the base;
• preparation of masonry mixture.

To prepare a heat-insulating masonry mortar, you need to mix the product with water in the appropriate proportion (for 10 liters of water - 25 kg of dry mixture). As a result of mixing, a homogeneous rigid-plastic consistency should be obtained. It is important to ensure that the resulting solution is protected from impurities, humidity and temperature changes.

Advantages of heat-insulating masonry mixtures "Perel":

1. impeccable quality;
2. increased thermal insulation;
3. no drying out;
4. low density;
5. sound absorption;
6. fire retardant properties;
7. decorative qualities;
8. low price.

Using mixtures " Perel" is the key to a strong, reliable and warm wall.

Warm masonry mortar is a building mixture for cellular concrete products: foam concrete, aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam silicate and porous ceramic blocks.

Replacing the usual cement mixture to “warm” increases the thermal insulation of masonry by 17%.

The binder in this mixture is traditionally cement, and the fillers are pumice, perlite, and expanded clay sand.

The warm solution is also called “light” due to its weight and low density.

Replacing a regular cement mixture with a “warm” one increases the thermal insulation of masonry by 17%. This effect occurs due to different thermal conductivity coefficients. For a cement-sand mixture, this indicator is 0.9 W/m°C, and for a “thermal” mixture – 0.3 W/m°C.

Characteristics and main properties

It has long been known from school physics courses that air is a poor conductor of heat. Based on this, a logical conclusion suggests itself: in order for a building structure made of porous materials to retain heat well, the solution must contain “air-absorbing” substances. Most often, such fillers are perlite or expanded clay sand.

External wall structures are often made of lightweight materials with a high coefficient of thermal resistance. In this case, a mixture of lower density than traditional cement-sand mixture is required as a binding material. The latter has high density(up to 1800 kg/m3), resulting in additional heat loss due to “cold bridges”. If the density of the binder “dough” exceeds the density of the wall material for every 100 kg/m 3, then the heat loss of such a structure increases by 1%.

If the density of the binder “dough” exceeds the density of the wall material for every 100 kg/m3, then the heat loss of such a structure increases by 1%.

In order for this physical characteristic of the binder mixture and the wall material to be comparable, it is necessary to prepare a special “warm” solution, the density of which would be 500-800 kg/m 3. This composition must have high ductility, crack resistance, good adhesion, moisture-holding abilities, and sufficient viability.

Strength building structure depends more on the wall material, and not on the brand of the composition. The brand of the latter, as a rule, must match technical characteristics bricks However, when using a mixture of one grade lower, the reduction in masonry strength drops by only 10-15%.

Minimum grades of mortars (from M10 to M50) are used for buildings of the 1st degree of durability, as well as for masonry of low-rise buildings made of highly porous materials, the strength of which is 3.5-5 MPa. Thus, for this type of building, binder mixtures with a strength of 1 to 5 MPa should be used.

Additional density reduction

The average density of the binder composition, as mentioned above, is reduced by the use of low-density fillers. However, a reduction in the density of the mixture can be achieved with the presence of a traditional filler - sand. When using turbulent mixers and air-entraining additives, the density can be reduced from 1600 to 900 kg/m 3, which corresponds to a strength of 0.3-4.9 MPa. This mixture corresponds to brands M4, M10, M25.

One way to reduce density building mixtures is to prepare the solution using special mixing equipment - a steam generator. A good effect can be achieved by porous cement stone using turbulent mixers. This technology applicable only with the use of air-entraining additives.

Most effective method preparing a warm solution involves the simultaneous use of porous aggregates and air-entraining additives.

The choice of the type of porous aggregate depends on the composition of the raw material base, operating conditions, and the average density of the wall material. Traditional aggregates must have a density of 800 to 500 kg/m3 and have a strength of up to 10 MPa.

Preparing the mixture

Warm masonry mortar is more often used for the construction of external walls; for internal walls, a traditional cement-sand mixture is used. This composition can be prepared with your own hands or using a concrete mixer at low speed. To prepare this “construction dough” you can use ready-made mixtures, to which you just need to add water and mix. If binder If you plan to cook it yourself, then all the components are mixed dry, and then water is added.

The “warm” mixture is prepared in the following proportions: 1 part cement and 5 parts filler (expanded clay or perlite sand). The dry mixture is mixed, and then 1 part water to 4 parts dry mixture is added. The mixed solution should stand for 5 minutes, then it can be used for its intended purpose.

The prepared “dough” should have a medium-thick consistency. Unnecessarily liquid composition will fall into the voids of the blocks, thereby interfering with thermal insulation.

Construction work is best done in the warm season. The reason for such seasonal preferences is not only favorable weather conditions for working outside, but also the fact that when low temperatures The masonry mortar hardens very quickly. However, if you still have to work at air temperatures below 5°C, then special additives are added to the solution. But even such “anti-frost” impurities do not save the masonry from reducing its strength.

The heat-saving mixture ensures that the walls are laid more uniformly, despite the fact that the amount of mortar in it is only 4% of the entire area! Warm masonry mortar allows for maximum heat retention, reduces the weight of wall structures, and also reduces the consumption of building materials.

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THERMAL INSULATION WARM MASONRY SOLUTIONS AND MIXTURES BUY WITH DELIVERY TO THE SITE AND FROM WAREHOUSE IN MOSCOW

FROM LEADING MANUFACTURERS AT THE BEST PRICES

Warm masonry mixtures

Our company offers, when performing general construction and special works, warm masonry mixtures for large-format ceramic blocks from leading manufacturers:

• HAGASTAPEL
• QUICK-MIX
• PEREL
• META-RUS
• TERTA

Warm masonry mixtures produced by HAGASTAPEL, QUICK-MIX, PEREL, META-RUS, TERTA meet the high requirements for modern building materials and thanks to optimal formulations, they have low thermal conductivity (there are no “cold bridges”), which is a guarantee of a warm and durable facade of your home.

THERMAL INSULATION MASONRY MIXTURES SOLUTIONS

Designed for stone and (or) brickwork with increased thermal insulation properties. IN Lately wall materials with increased thermal insulation properties have become widespread - hollow porous ceramic blocks, concrete blocks with porous aggregates, large-format blocks made of cellular concrete.

The effect of using such materials increases if the thermal conductivity masonry mortar is not inferior to that of wall material. As is known, common cement-sand masonry mortars have poor thermal conductivity (0.8-0.9 W/m K), especially in comparison with ceramic porous blocks (0.16 W/m K) that they hold together, as a result With this design, cold bridges are formed at the seams. Research conducted at the Institute of Building Physics indicates that increasing the thickness of joints to 10 mm leads to a decrease in the average thermal resistance of the structure by approximately 20% due to the appearance of cold bridges. Therefore, it is very important when laying warm ceramics to use special warm masonry mortars. Basis for production thermal insulation masonry mixture There are two fillers: perlite and expanded clay.

How to build a house with better thermal performance?

Use warm mortar and blocks of warm ceramics in construction.

warm masonry mortars PEREL

large-format porous ceramic block THERMOBLOCK

An ideal combination of materials, excellent quality, excellent results!

And the price of the TERMOBLOCK ceramic block is less than such popular porous blocks POROTHERM, WINERBERGER, BRAER

Porous warm ceramics THERMOBLOCK (Stalingrad stone)

Porous warm ceramicsTHERMOBLOCK(Stalingrad stone)

BENEFITS porized warm ceramicsTHERMOBLOCK(Stalingrad stone):

• PROVEN QUALITY Our product has been certified by regulatory authorities and has all the necessary documents
• FAVORABLE PRICE our prices are always reasonable
• FAST DELIVERY We work with various shopping centers
• ONE TO ONE high quality standards and a fully automated line allow the production of ceramic blocks as identical as possible. Minimum dimensional tolerances and strict control guarantee high quality each batch of products.
• LIGHTER BLOCK - CHEAPER HOUSE Our blocks have minimal weight without loss of strength and thermal conductivity characteristics. Houses built from such material are built faster and weigh less. The cost of delivery to the site is also reduced, and hence the total cost of the project.
• HEAT SAVINGS The improved composition of raw materials can significantly reduce the heat loss of the finished structure. Thoughtful design and shape eliminate cold bridges in the masonry. Compliance with construction technologies guarantees maximum quality.

Ceramic stone is used in residential and industrial construction for the construction load-bearing walls and interior partitions.

• Walls made of porous ceramics do not require insulation and provide comfort in living spaces both in summer and winter
• Construction time is significantly reduced thanks to the tongue-and-groove system for connecting ceramic stones
• The load on the foundation becomes low due to the porous structure of the block.
• Mortar consumption is reduced, and labor productivity of builders increases due to the large-format blocks

(Stalingrad stone) produced in a modern German equipment. Clay is mined in our own quarry and then goes through a multi-stage processing procedure. After that, it is sent to a robotic line, which, pushing the clay mass through dies, turns it into future blanks - blocks. First they are dried, and later, having already hardened significantly, they are fired natural gas within 40 hours. At all stages of production there is constant quality control. The result is an environmentally friendly and reliable wall material.

Porous ceramic stone THERMOBLOCK(Stalingrad stone) has high technical characteristics and excellent geometry. Using it in construction, you can be confident in the durability and safety of the constructed residential and industrial facilities.

• Low thermal conductivity
• High nailability
• High mechanical strength
• High frost resistance

Buy ceramic large-format porous block THERMOBLOCK at best price with a quality guarantee from the manufacturer and delivery to any city in Russia: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa, Perm, Volgograd, Voronezh, Saratov, Togliatti, Tyumen, Izhevsk, Barnaul, Ulyanovsk, Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Yaroslavl, Makhachkala, Orenburg, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Astrakhan , Ryazan, Naberezhnye Chelny, Penza, Lipetsk, Tula, Kirov, Cheboksary, Kaliningrad, Kursk, Ulan-Ude, Stavropol, Tver, Ivanovo, Bryansk, Sochi, Belgorod, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Sevastopol, Chita, Kaluga, Smolensk, Volzhsky, Kurgan, Orel, Cherepovets, Vologda, Vladikavkaz, Saransk, Murmansk, Tambov, Grozny, Kostroma, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Ryazan, Minsk.

Despite the fact that ceramic blocks have appeared in the field of house construction recently, during their existence they have managed to acquire the status of a high-tech and promising material. The products have low thermal conductivity, which is ensured by their hollowness. Such structures were given the name “warm ceramics”. However, like all wall materials, such products require installation with mortar. As the latter, it is better to use a special warm mixture.

Main features of warm composition for masonry and its composition

Due to the fact that ceramic blocks act as a heat-saving material, when laying them, to obtain a wall with low thermal conductivity, it is necessary to use a warm solution. Porous fillers are a mandatory additive to the ingredients, among them:

• perlite;
• pumice;
• vermiculite

As for the main ingredients, among them we should highlight:

• Portland cement;
• polymer additives;
• porous fillers.

Cement acts as a binder, but polymer additives are necessary to accelerate the hardening of the mixture and increase its plasticity, water resistance and frost resistance. Warm solutions have a fairly wide range of uses.

In addition to the composition for laying ceramic blocks, the solution is used in the construction of houses from large-format products based on and Using the described solution, you will achieve the benefits mentioned above wall materials more pronounced.

Positive Features

If the masonry is done with high quality, it will be eliminated, which will increase the resistance to the heat transfer process by 30%. Lightweight fillers can reduce the pressure exerted by the materials at the base of the walls on the foundation. Savings can also be achieved by reducing the volume of mortar during laying. It has excellent moisture-retaining characteristics, so it can be used in fine-seam technology.

Warm mortar can be laid in seams that have high thermal conductivity, which reduces heat flow through the masonry to the outside. In addition, the described composition is also vapor permeable, so the house will maintain ideal humidity conditions for humans. Condensation will not form on the walls. All this eliminates the appearance of mold and mildew on surfaces.

If the walls were built using warm mortar, then the owners have a great opportunity save on home heating and maintenance. The consumption of the composition in the case of using ceramic blocks is reduced by 1.75 times compared to a conventional cement-sand mixture. This is due to the low density of the former.

Typically, the described solution is used when laying external walls. But in the case of internal walls an analogue is used in the form of a sand-cement mixture. Warm masonry mortar can be prepared manually or using a concrete mixer if the volume is impressive. In this case, the appropriate equipment is rented, which allows you to increase the speed of work.

The construction mixture can be made from a ready-made dry composition; you just need to add water to it and mix well. If you purchased a standard 35 kg bag, then you can get 1 liter of the finished mixture from it. When you plan to purchase the ingredients separately, you should first mix the dry ingredients, to which water is then added.

Warm solution for ceramic blocks must be prepared in accordance with a certain proportion. It involves the use of 1 part cement and 5 parts expanded clay or perlite sand. But if you use a dry mixture, then 4 parts will need part of water. The water must be taken from the water supply, because there must be no mineral impurities in it. These can sometimes be found in pond water. A liquid with such a composition may negatively affect the balance of the solution’s ingredients.

The warm solution for ceramic blocks should have a medium consistency. If the solution turns out to be extremely liquid, it will fill the voids of the products, which will reduce their thermal insulation characteristics. Before use, the composition must be left for 5 minutes, during which time the corresponding chemical processes. If the solution turns out to be very thick, it will lose the ability to securely fasten, and the ceramic blocks will absorb a lot of moisture, and the solution will dry out before it has time to gain strength.

Speaking of the above, it can be noted: having prepared a liquid solution, you will be faced with an increase in its consumption, while losses will also increase due to the presence of voids in the blocks. When craftsmen use ready-made mixtures, this allows them to eliminate the need to moisten the products, because the solution has the ability to retain moisture for a long time.

Conditions for preparing the solution

You now know the proportions of the warm mortar, but it is also important to know when it is best to lay ceramic blocks. The best time it's a warm time for this, because low temperatures may cause the solution to set prematurely. Ultimately, this will contribute to a decrease in the quality of the masonry. If work is carried out at temperatures below -5 °C, then anti-frost additives should be added to the solution, but the masonry may not be so strong.

More about the components

For the reason that perlite acts as one of the common binders in thermal insulation materials, preparation of the mixture may be accompanied by its replacement with sand. However, experts say that such a mixture should not be mixed in a concrete mixer for too long, because the perlite will begin to granulate and form into dense lumps.

In order to ultimately obtain a homogeneous mass, mixing must be stopped. If you are laying walls of a private house, then you can add color to the mortar, this will increase the decorativeness of the masonry, and negative influence this ingredient will not have any effect.

Features and composition of the screed solution

If you want to use a solution for screeding a heated floor, which would have the properties of the composition described above, then you can use the “PERLITKA ST1” mixture. It is an environmentally friendly, frost-resistant, non-flammable material that eliminates the appearance of ants, cockroaches and rodents.

The composition adheres well to different types mineral surfaces. If there is a large volume of work to be carried out, then with the help of this mixture it is possible to reduce the load on the foundation. The composition has excellent sound and thermal insulation qualities. No special skills are required during application.

This solution for a warm water floor has among the ingredients:

• perlite sand;
• cement;
• fiber;
• modifying additives.

Bulk is 420 kg/m³. The compressive strength is 20 kg/cm². The shelf life of the solution after its preparation reaches 1 hour. Material consumption for each square meter equivalent to 4.2 kg. The thermal conductivity of the solution is no more than 0.11 W/m°K. Adhesion is 0.65 MPa; this value, however, may be higher. The moisture-holding capacity of the mixture is 96%. The composition can be used at a temperature not lower than +0 °C.

The above solution should be applied to a previously prepared surface. The base must be dry and strong, it must be cleaned of oil, dirt, dust, paint and wax residues. The peeled layers are removed. If the surface absorbs moisture well, then it must be treated with a primer emulsion and left for 4 hours.

The solution is prepared by pouring the composition into a container and pouring clean water room temperature. For 1 kg of mixture you will need approximately 0.85 liters of liquid. The composition is mixed with a mixer until a homogeneous consistency without clots and lumps is achieved. The solution is kept for 5 minutes and then mixed again. It can then be used for styling.

Conclusion

Some believe that using a solution with high thermal insulation characteristics is an unjustified expense when you can use a regular one. However, experts do not recommend making a compromise and not looking for mixtures among cheap analogues.

If you want to achieve savings when using a traditional mortar, then it must be made thicker and the ceramic blocks must be soaked in water before laying. Only this approach allows you to get a reliable and strong wall. At the same time, consumption will decrease, and the amount of moisture absorbed by ceramic blocks will also become less.