Or ordinary
Trees up to 35 m tall, trunks up to 1 m in diameter with brown-gray, wrinkled bark. The branches are shiny, with a gray coating. The leaves are entire, 5-15 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, elliptical, acute, with an unequal base, double-toothed.
Distributed in Europe. In Siberia there is a small habitat in the upper reaches of the left tributaries of the Tobol. Grows in river floodplains and as part of tree stands on low gentle slopes with deep loamy soils and a close level groundwater together with poplar, various types willows, alders and other species.
Drought-resistant, non-salt-resistant, moderately shade-tolerant, moderately gas-resistant. Grows quickly (the fastest growing of all elms). Life expectancy is up to 400 years.
In TsSBS: tree at 32 years old, 8-12 m tall. It bears fruit from the age of 7, rarely. Winter hardiness 1(2). Moderately demanding of soil moisture and richness.
Blooms in late April-early May. Fruits abundantly in mid-June. It propagates well by seeds sown immediately after harvest and by summer cuttings.
A decorative tree that has long been widely used in culture. Thanks to its impressive size and rapid growth, it looks great in alley plantings. Well cut and shaped. honey plant and a source of valuable, original wood. Requires timely pruning, as old branches become very fragile and break easily.
The species is very polymorphic. Its forms are well known:
f. argenteo-vareigata- silvery leaves;
f. rubra- red leaves;
f. incisa- dissected leaves;
f. tiliaefolia- rounded leaves.
All types of elms are certainly present in the design of landscape objects in both modern large cities and small ones. settlements. Due to its rapid growth and resistance to environmental conditions, elm is one of the most popular introduced species. In addition, elm, along with poplar, adsorbs a huge amount of harmful emissions in the air. In this regard, it can be recommended for planting in large industrial and administrative areas. Particularly decorative during the autumn yellowing of leaves.

Hornbeam elm (birch bark) 1

, or birch bark
Tree (up to 30 m tall) with a powerful trunk and spherical crown. The bark is initially smooth, greenish-yellow-brown, then ashy and fissured. Young branches have black-brown buds and often with small blackish glands. The leaves are elliptical or oval, asymmetrical, double-serrate, with sharp, upward-curved teeth, they are smooth or slightly woolly, with small red glands along the veins. The flowers are small, on short pedicels, collected in bunches, they are bisexual, with a brownish, simple, bell-shaped, eight-lobed perianth, stamens - 6-8, pistil - 1. The fruit is a broadly obovate-cordate lionfish (15-20 mm long) with a wedge-shaped base and notch at the top; the nut is located in the upper part of the lionfish near the notch. It blooms in April, the fruits ripen in May.
The hornbeam elm is widespread in the European part of the Russian Federation, Central Asia and in the Caucasus. Grows in open flat areas, edges of deciduous forests, along mountain slopes and gorges; along rivers it can form forests and small groves. It rises into the mountains to a height of up to 600 m above sea level.
Wood is used as a valuable material for the production of furniture and plywood. The bast of the tree is used to make ropes and mats. Young shoots dye silk crimson and yellow colors, they are also used for tanning leather. Leaves, branches and buds are used to feed livestock. Hornbeam elm is a good honey plant.
The bark and leaves serve as medicinal raw materials. The bark is harvested when trees are cut down. Remove it with a special knife or shovel curved in the shape of a semicircle. The crushed raw materials are dried in the sun and dried in a dryer at a temperature of 60...70 °C. The leaves are collected in the first half of summer in dry weather. Dry in the shade, turning occasionally. Store in bags or closed wooden containers for 2 years.
Elm bark contains triterpenoids (friedelin), steroids (dehydroergosterol, stigmasterol), phenolcarboxylic acids, catechins, tannins and leukoanthocyanidins. Vitamin C, phenolcarboxylic acids, flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol), derivatives of leukopeonidin and leukopelargonidin were found in the leaves.
Hornbeam elm preparations have astringent, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, wound-healing and antimicrobial effects. A decoction of the bark is taken for chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum and diarrhea, including dysenteric origin. The decoction, evaporated by half, has long been used in folk medicine for burns, rashes, eczema, purulent and long-healing wounds.

- deciduous tree up to 20-25 m tall with a trunk thickness of up to 40-50 cm. One-year-old shoots are yellowish-gray. The bark is light brown or gray, fissured, peeling off in thin longitudinal plates. Large leaves, especially at the ends of the upper, fruiting branches, give the lobed elm a special decorative appearance. The leaf blades are truncated in the upper part, with 3-5 (7) sharp lobes, (7-20) x (4.5-13) cm, broadly obovate, often unequal at the base, wedge-shaped, double-serrate, rough on both sides, irregularly serrate. The flowers are brown, on pedicels 6-20 mm long. Seeds (lionfish) 1-2 cm long, elliptical, flattened. The nuts are in the center of the lionfish.
Natural range: Russian Far East, Sakhalin, China, Korea, Japan. The western border of the range is in the Amur region (lower reaches of the Bureya River). It grows in mixed forests of the foothills and on mountain slopes, rising to a height of 600-700 m above sea level. seas. Prefers soils of medium richness and moisture. Shade-tolerant. Not salt tolerant. Growth is slow. Durability is about 230 years.
In Novosibirsk (CSBS): grows well and bears fruit, occasionally freezing in at a young age. Easily restored. At the age of 30 years it reaches a height of 8 m. Winter hardiness 1. At 11 years the height is about 5 m, bears fruit.
Propagated by seeds, which must be sown immediately after harvest, and by summer cuttings.
Decorative tree, first of all, thanks to large beautiful leaves. Recommended for single and group plantings, especially in places protected from the wind.

Squat elm (elm)

, or short- deciduous tree 6-15 m tall, sometimes a tall shrub. The bark of the trunks is deeply fissured, gray. The leaves are entire, 1.5-5(7) cm, from ovate to lanceolate, rounded at the base, almost isosceles. Flowers are 2-3 mm long, collected in 10-25 pieces. Seeds (lionfish) 0.7-2 cm, round.
Natural range: Southern Transbaikalia, Russian Far East, Mongolia, China, Korea, Japan. It grows along river valleys as part of floodplain forests, on steppe rocky mountain slopes, on sands, and forms open forests on steppe rocky mountain slopes. In dry habitats it forms small (2-3 m) trees. Does not tolerate heavy, damp soils.
In Novosibirsk, winter hardiness is 1(2). Drought resistant. Salt resistant. Relatively light-loving. Gas resistant. It is not picky about soil fertility and moisture and tolerates mild soil salinity. Growth is fast.
It blooms from late April until the leaves bloom. Fruits in open habitats from 6-7 years, in mid-June. The seeds ripen in the first half of June.
Propagated by seeds, which must be sown immediately after harvest, by summer cuttings, and root suckers.
Forms many intraspecific forms, one of which Ulmus pinnato-ramosa, has been described as independent type and is currently widely used in landscaping the cities of Siberia. Easily crosses in nature with Japanese elm, forming numerous transitional hybrid forms.
It has long been known in culture. Actively used in green construction. Grows quickly. It tolerates the most severe cutting and pruning at any age, which allows you to create borders and hedges of any height from it and form a variety of crowns - spherical, conical, etc. Due to its rapid renewal after fires, it is indispensable for creating protective forest belts. Hedges made of squat elm should be located at a considerable distance from cultural plantings, otherwise it will drown them out with its long roots.
The disadvantage of this species (as well as other types of elm) is its susceptibility to damage by harmful insects and diseases.
Recommended for widespread use in landscaping in single and group plantings and when creating alleys. Dense tent-like, sometimes weeping crowns add decorative value to the trees.

mountain elm, or rough
Tree up to 30 m high and up to 2 m in diameter with a dense, wide-cylindrical top rounded crown. The bark is brown, deeply riddled with cracks. The leaves are elliptical or oblong-obovate, 8-15 cm long.
Female flowers are collected in axillary bunches and sit on short pedicels. Male anthers are purple. Flowers appear in March or April. The fruit is an oval or obovate lionfish, up to 2.5 cm in diameter. At first it is pubescent, then becomes bare, with a small notch at the end and in the center with a seed. The plant bears fruit in May-June.
ECOLOGY. Rough elm grows in mixed deciduous forests on hills and mountains, from the oak forest belt to the lower border coniferous forests, at an altitude of 400 to 1300 m above sea level. The tree does not need very much light; it grows well in fresh, crumbly and deep soils.
SPREADING. From Northern Spain to Scandinavia and Ural mountains- in the north and east through Italy and Greece to the Caucasus and Turkish Cilicia.
APPLICATION. Mountain elm does not give much good wood, which is still used in construction work. But this is one of the main trees, together with birch bark (elm), used, although less frequently than elm, for landscaping.
SIMILAR SPECIES. Elm differs from mountain elm in the base of the leaf, which is much less developed on one side and does not cover the petiole, and in the number of lateral veins (7-12 in elm, 12-18 in mountain elm).

- deciduous tree (less often a shrub) up to 15-30 m tall, with gray bark. Young shoots are grayish-brown, often with corky growths. The leaves are highly variable. The most characteristic are obovate, unequally lateral at a wedge-shaped base, unequally serrated, with curved teeth drawn upward, bare, shiny, often rough. The leaves are simple, entire, (2-12) x (1-6) cm, dark green above, glabrous, light green below, pubescent. In autumn orange-yellow, brown. The flowers are bisexual, in bunches. It blooms for about 10 days at the end of April, usually before the leaves bloom, in May-early June. The fruits are brown winged nuts. It bears fruit from 8-10 years, in May-late June. The seeds ripen in the second half of May-early June and remain viable for 3-6 months.
Natural range: Eastern Siberia, Russian Far East, foreign Asia. Grows in coniferous-deciduous and broad-leaved forests, in floodplains and on low gentle slopes with deep fertile soils with a close level of groundwater, together with black poplar, various types of willow and alder. In the mountains and on rocky areas it occurs as a shrub.
In Novosibirsk (CSBS): a tree at 32 years old is 9.0-10.5 m tall. Fruits from 8-12 years, rarely, abundantly. Winter hardiness 1(4). Moderately demanding of soil moisture and richness. Drought-resistant, medium shade-tolerant. Gas-resistant, non-salt-resistant. Growth is fast. Durability 200-400 years.
Propagated by seeds, root suckers, summer cuttings. Seeds must be sown immediately after collection.
Particularly decorative during the autumn yellowing of leaves. Individuals with shoots with corky growths are very original.
It has been known in culture for a long time. Is a valuable melliferous and ornamental plant. Easily tolerates haircuts. Recommended for single, group, alley plantings, and for creating hedges. Large trees form dense shade and perfectly capture city dust.
The species is characterized by very strong polymorphism. B.L. Komarov described a number of forms of Japanese elm:
f. laevis-denudata- leaves are bare, branches without cork growths;
f. laevis-suberosa- leaves are bare, shoots with corky growths;
f. scabra-denudata- leaves are sharply rough, shoots without cork growths;
f. scabra-suberosa- leaves are sharply rough, shoots with corky growths;
f. pumila- a shrub with rough leaves and corky growths on the branches;
f. saxatilis- leaves are sharply rough on top and fluffy below, deeply serrated, grows on rocks;
f. puberula- leaves are velvety.

Height: up to 37 m.
Area: eastern North America (to central Texas).

The trunk of an adult American elm is crowned with a spreading crown of tall, curved branches.
Small, inconspicuous flowers appear in early spring and quickly turn into greenish winged fruits, carried by the wind. In the 20th century Both wild and cultivated stands of these trees have suffered greatly from Dutch elm disease, a fungal infection carried by bark beetles. In the 1930s and 1960s. this disease destroyed millions of elms in Europe, and then was brought with a load of wood to North America. As a result, approximately 70% of all elms in the United States have been cut down over the past 30 years. Geneticists are currently trying to develop varieties of these trees that are resistant to Dutch disease.

Ulmus carpinifolia Rupp. ex Suckow = U. minor Mill.

European part of Russia, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Western Europe, North Africa. Found in nature reserves of the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Baltic states, and Crimea. Grows in deciduous forests. Light-loving, salt-tolerant mesoxerophyte.

A tree up to 20 m tall, with a spreading dense crown, up to 10 m in diameter, and thin dark brown shoots, with cork growths in the cork-bearing form. The leaves (12 x 7 cm) are dense, dark green, shiny, unequal, varied in shape and size, bare above, with sparse hairs below. In autumn they turn bright yellow. The flowers are small, reddish-red, in spherical bunches. Blooms before the leaves bloom. The fruits are obovate lionfish up to 2 cm.

In GBS since 1938, 2 samples (3 copies) were grown from seeds brought from Uman (Ukraine) and Canada. Tree, at 37 years old, height 18.0 m, trunk diameter 24.7/32.0 cm. Grows from 30.IV±7 to 10.X±13 for 162 days. In the first 3 years the growth rate is average. Blooms from l.V±8 to 1 l.V±4 for 10 days. It bears fruit from the age of 28, the fruits ripen 3.V1+3. Weight of 1000 seeds is 4-11 g. Full winter hardiness. 33% of cuttings take root. Decorative. Used in landscaping in Moscow.

Ulmus minor f.wredei Photo by EDSR.

Ulmus carpinifolia f. wredei Photo by Anna Petrovicheva

Ulmus minor "Argenteovariegata" Photo of Green Line company

Winter-hardy in forest-steppe and steppe zones. Young shoots may freeze. These trees are for the southern regions of Russia. It is undemanding to the soil, but grows well only in moist, deep and nutritious soil. Tolerates slight salinity. Gas resistant. Withstands urban conditions well. It cuts perfectly and holds its artificial shape well. Forms dense hedges. At favorable conditions lives up to 300 years, in urban conditions - most often up to 50 years. Used in gardens and parks, in groups or masses in combination with other species, in street plantings. The forms are used in the design of public gardens, singly and in small groups; the typical form is good for dense hedges and walls. In culture since 1880.

Seed quality is up to 80%, soil germination is up to 40%. The optimal sowing depth is 0.5 cm.

Basic decorative forms differ from the typical crown structure, outline and color of the leaves: Webba (hooded)(f. Webbiana) - with a narrow pyramidal crown and original leaves, dark green above, shiny, ashy below, the leaf along the entire length is rolled up in the form of a hood, the upper side inward, the lower side outward; Dampierre(f. Dampieri) - with a narrow pyramidal crown and broadly ovate leaves, deeply double-toothed, crowded on short branches; Koopman(f. Koopmannii) - a beautiful tree with a dense ovoid-oval crown; pyramidal (Cornish elm)(f. cornubiensis) - with a narrow pyramidal crown, ascending branches and dark green, smooth top foliage, comes from southwestern England; weeping(f. pendula) - with thin, drooping branches; spherical(f. umbraculifera) - with a dense, regular, rounded crown, with small ovate-elliptical leaves, often slightly wavy on top; graceful(f. gracilis) - similar to the spherical shape, but with smaller branches and leaves; golden(f. aurea) - with golden leaves; Wangutta(f. Vanhouttei) - with yellow leaves; silver-motley(f. argenteo-marginata) and broadleaf silver-variegated(f. latifolia argenteo-marginata) - leaves are dotted with white spots and stripes; purplish(f. purpurascens) - with small (2-3 cm) purple leaves; purple(f. purpurea) - with dark purple leaves.

"Dicksonii". A very slow growing medium sized tree with bright golden yellow leaves. This form is not affected by Dutch elm disease.

Vrede(f. Wredei, synonym "Dampieri Aurea"). Upright, narrow-conical or ovoid tree, slow-growing; it has wide, up to 6 cm long (however smaller than the original species), golden-yellow leaves with a wavy edge. But they are this color only in summer; in spring they are light green. The leaves are located on short vertical branches.

Garden forms and varieties are less winter-hardy than the main species and require protected places.

November 28, 2011

We dedicate this article to lovers of large-scale sports and those who are just about to join them. Although in the elm family there are quite miniature plants, ideal for bonsai compositions, most trees are of substantial size.

Adult elm can reach 16 meters in height, and its crown grows up to 10 meters in diameter. Bush versions of this plant also reach up to 6 meters.

The main charm of elm is its absolute unpretentiousness. This tree loves sun or partial shade. At the same time, it calmly tolerates dry soil or prolonged rains, wind and even severe frost. Adult plants don’t even care about temperatures down to minus 50 degrees - they may freeze a little at the edges, but quickly recover.

Landscape decoration

Elms grow quite quickly. In three to four years, a small cutting can grow into a very decent tree, and young plants grow by a meter every year. Such rapid development makes it possible to successfully use elms in the formation of hedges. They tolerate pruning well, and thanks to rapid regeneration, their crown quickly thickens and turns into a dense mass. By the way, this same property makes elm a favorite among topiary fans.

In addition to green fences, standard or bush versions of this plant are often used in other compositions landscape design. Elm can be a soloist on the lawn and fits organically into Japanese garden stones, harmonizes well with apple trees, felt cherries, bird cherry, or field ash.

Standard plants can serve as a “roof” in a shady composition. The spreading dense crown creates an excellent shelter, in the shade of which you can plant ferns, bergenia, astilbe, hosta and lilies of the valley.

Lovers of harmony and color balance are probably already wondering, what does elm look like? The crown of this plant is made up of densely growing pointed leaves, jagged along the edges and painted dark. green color. Elm is a deciduous tree, but it is in no hurry to shed its plumage, and the leaves remain on the branches until severe frosts, eventually acquiring a yellowish-olive hue. The elm blooms even before the leaves appear with small flowers collected in bunches.

How to plant and care?

In a word, elm on personal plot this is good and healthy. How to plant it? First, let's please gardeners who every year fight with young shoots of apple and cherry trees. Elm does not reproduce through its root system. The main method of planting it is cuttings. You can propagate elms on your property yourself - you can root dozens of cuttings from one mature tree and, if you wish, create a real street of elms in your dacha without any nightmares. Best time for rooting - June and July.

There is no special wisdom in planting this tree, but for the first three to four days the tree needs abundant watering (up to ten liters of water per day). square meter), especially if the weather is hot outside. After planting, the tree trunk space is mulched with peat or wood chips in a layer of up to ten centimeters.

The active period of elm growth occurs in middle lane for the period from April to October. All work on pruning and thinning the crown must be carried out before the growing season. The exception is the work on topiary molding, which is carried out throughout the summer.

But it’s better not to rush with molding. In the first years you will only need to remove dried and dead branches, and begin the first serious pruning around the fourth year. The main thing is not to forget to generously coat all cut areas with thick garden varnish so that fungi or bacteria do not get into the wounds. In general, elm gets sick very rarely, and pests do not like it, but sometimes weakened trees can become victims of spider mites.

And lastly, if you contact elm, then it will last for a long time. The tree is distinguished by its love of life. There are individual plants of this species known in the world whose age reaches 500 and even 800 years. Even in room conditions Elm can live more than 50 years.

Dear readers, we bring to your attention video about squat elm:

Elm or elm - large deciduous tree with a dense crown, it looks beautiful, gives good shade and is easy to grow, therefore it is an active participant in the landscaping of cities and villages. It can be found on the streets, in parks, along roads and in forest plantations. The name "elm" originates from the ancient Celts, who called this tree "elm". The Russian name “elm” comes from the word “knit”, since previously its bast was used to knit sleighs, rims and other products. Some of its species are called elm, birch bark, elm, and elmovik.

Hornbeam

This type of elm (tree and leaves in the photo) is found in Europe, Central Asia, Northern Africa, and the Caucasus. A deciduous tree that loves well-lit places, although it also grows in the shade. The maximum height is 20-25 m, and the crown diameter is 10 m.

There are corky growths on the dark brown branches. The leaves are large, pointed, smooth above and hairy below. In summer the foliage is dark green and in autumn it is bright yellow. Small flowers, collected in bunches, bloom before the leaves appear. Nut-like fruits inside a membranous lionfish.

Well tolerated cold winter and drought. In favorable conditions can live 300 years. Hornbeam elm is good for health. It has diuretic, antimicrobial, diuretic and astringent properties. The bark inhibits the absorption of cholesterol. A decoction of it treats burns and skin diseases.

Smooth

Smooth elm is also called common elm or large-leaved elm. Grows throughout Europe. His height - 25 m (sometimes 40 m), wide crown diameter - 10-20 m. The tree trunk is straight and thick, up to 1.5 m in diameter. The bark of young shoots is smooth; in adults it is rough, thick and peels off in thin plates. The leaves are quite large (12 cm), ovoid in shape, pointed, dark green on top and light green below.

In autumn, the foliage turns brownish-purple. The flowers are small, brown with purple stamens. The fruit is a round lionfish with cilia on the edges.

Did you know? Elm wood does not rot in water, so in the Middle Ages in Europe they made from its trunks water pipes. The pillars of the first London Bridge were also made from this wood.

Smooth elm has a powerful root system. Perennial trees form a kind of support: board-shaped roots 30-50 cm high at the base of the trunk. Grows quickly and lives 200-300 years(sometimes 400 years). Drought-tolerant, but likes moist soil. Easily tolerates short-term flooding.

Large-leaved elm wood is dense, strong and easy to process. Furniture, gun stocks and other products are made from it. Previously, the bark of the smooth elm was used for tanning leather, and the bast was used for weaving ropes, mats and making washcloths. Useful material, which the smooth elm contains, give it medicinal properties: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, astringent and diuretic.

Important! In cities, the common elm is irreplaceable because its leaves retain more dust than the leaves of other city trees. It is planted to protect and strengthen beams and ravines.

Androsova

This type of elm does not occur in nature. It is artificially bred and is a hybrid of squat and bushy elms. The height of an adult tree is 20 m. Its crown has the shape of a tent and provides dense shade. The bark is gray. The leaves are ovoid, pointed.

Grows in moderately moist soil and can easily withstand dry conditions. The ability to produce side shoots makes the tree a good dust collector. Therefore, it is actively used for urban plantings. The plant is easy to shape and looks very beautiful, which has made it popular in.

Thick

IN wild environment is rare. Grows in Central Asia. This tall tree grows up to 30 m. It has a wide pyramidal crown that provides dense shade. The bark on young branches is yellow-brown or gray, on old branches it is dark. The leaves are small, 5-7 cm in length, leathery, ovoid.

Thick elm is an unpretentious plant, frost-resistant, easily tolerates drought, although it loves moist soil. Gas resistance helps it feel great in urban smog.

Bladed

Other names are split elm, or mountain elm. Distributed in East Asia, in Far East, Japan and China. Grows in deciduous and mixed forests. It can be found in mountain forests at an altitude of 700-2200 m above sea level. Tree height - 27 m.

The color of the bark is gray and gray-brown. The crown shape is wide, cylindrical, rounded. The leaves are large, pointed at the top, sometimes with 3-5 pointed lobes. The plant tolerates shade, frost, strong wind and urban smoke.

Cirrus-branched

The second name is pinnately branched elm. It is found naturally in Kazakhstan, the Far East, Central and East Asia. Grows on mountain slopes, pebbles, and sands. Loves a lot of sun. Can live more than 100 years. Height - 15-25 m. The crown is spreading, but does not provide shade.

The small leaves are arranged in 2 rows and give the impression of large feathery leaves, which gives the species its name. The plant is winter-hardy, free withstands drought and adapts to any soil. It grows quickly, but reaches maximum growth only in its natural environment: in the south, on moist soils. Easily withstands urban conditions - asphalting, dust, smog. It lends itself well to pruning and is popular in park construction.

David

David's elm is a bush or tree whose height is 15 m. The leaves are sharp, ovate, 10 cm long and 5 cm wide. The fruit is a yellow-brown lionfish. A well-known variety is the Japanese elm. It is popular in Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula.

Did you know? The long-lived elm, which is already more than 800 years old, grows in Korea.

Small

This species has many names - elm, birch bark, karaich, cork elm, red elm, field elm (tree in the photo). Distribution area: Ukraine, Russia, Asia Minor, Western Europe. It lives in deciduous and mixed forests, on river banks and high in the mountains.

The height of the tree ranges from 10 to 30 m. The crown is low. The leaves are oblong, obovate. Life expectancy is up to 400 years. Elm loves sunlit places and easily tolerates drought, but not frost. Distinctive feature - the tree forms a wide network of surface roots.

Thus, upper layer the soil is strengthened and the risk of erosion is reduced. Therefore, field elm is often used not only for urban landscaping, but also for forest protection plantings. Cork growths are often found on branches, which increases the value of wood as a building material.

Large-fruited

Elm large-fruited lives in the East of Russia, Mongolia, China and the Korean Peninsula. It usually grows in river valleys, on wooded and rocky slopes. It is a shrub or small tree the maximum height of which is 11 m, with a large spreading crown. The bark is gray, brown or yellowish. The leaves are large, shiny, rough on top and smooth below.

The tree owes its name to its fruits, the large hairy lionfish that decorate it. A very heat-loving plant. This type of elm differs from its relatives in its extreme resistance to drought. Therefore, it is actively used to stabilize the soil of quarries, embankments and rocky slopes.

U. carpinifolia Rupp. ex Suckow = U. minor

It is found naturally in the European part of Russia, Crimea, and the Caucasus.

A tree up to 20 m tall, with a spreading dense crown, up to 10 m in diameter, and thin dark brown shoots, with cork growths in the cork-bearing form. The leaves (12 x 7 cm) are dense, dark green, shiny, unequal, varied in shape and size, bare above, with sparse hairs below. In autumn they turn bright yellow. The flowers are small, reddish-red, in spherical bunches. Blooms before the leaves bloom. The fruits are obovate lionfish up to 2 cm.

Winter-hardy in forest-steppe and steppe zones. Young shoots may freeze. - trees for the southern regions of Russia. It is undemanding to the soil, but grows well only in moist, deep and nutritious soil. Tolerates slight salinity. Gas resistant. Withstands urban conditions well. It cuts perfectly and holds its artificial shape well. Forms dense hedges. Under favorable conditions it lives up to 300 years, in urban conditions - most often up to 50 years. Used in gardens and parks, in groups or masses in combination with other species, in street plantings. The forms are used in the design of public gardens, singly and in small groups; the typical form is good for dense hedges and walls. In culture since 1880.

Basic decorative forms hornbeam elm differ from the typical crown structure, outline and color of the leaves: Webba (hood-shaped) (f. Webbiana) - with a narrow pyramidal crown and original leaves, dark green above, shiny, ashy below, the leaf along the entire length is rolled up in the form of a hood, the upper side inward , bottom out; Dampier (f. Dampieri) - with a narrow pyramidal crown and broadly ovate leaves, deeply double-toothed, crowded on short branches; Koopmann (f. Koopmannii) - a beautiful tree with a dense ovoid-oval crown; pyramidal (Cornish elm) (f. cornubiensis) - with a narrow pyramidal crown, ascending branches and dark green, smooth top foliage, comes from southwestern England; weeping (f. pendula) - with thin, drooping branches; spherical (f. umbraculifera) - with a dense, regular, rounded crown, with small ovoid-elliptical leaves, often slightly wavy on top; graceful (f. gracilis) - similar to the spherical shape, but with smaller branches and leaves; golden (f. aurea) - with golden leaves; Vanhouttei (f. Vanhouttei) - with yellow leaves; silver-variegated (f. argenteo-marginata) and broad-leaved silver-variegated (f. latifolia argenteo-marginata) - the leaves are mottled with white spots and stripes; purplish (f. purpurascens) - with small (2-3 cm) purple leaves; purple (f. purpurea) - with dark purple leaves.

"Dicksonii". A very slow growing, medium sized tree with bright golden yellow leaves. This form is not affected by Dutch elm disease.

Wrede (f. Wredei, synonym "Dampieri Aurea"). Upright, narrow-conical or ovoid tree, slow-growing; it has wide, up to 6 cm long (however smaller than the original species), golden-yellow leaves with a wavy edge. But they are this color only in summer; in spring they are light green. The leaves are located on short vertical branches.

Garden forms and varieties of hornbeam elm are less winter-hardy than the main type and require protected places.