In addition to all the listed advantages, the compensation air heater is the most economical means of heating a room. How is this possible? It's really very simple.

The direct heating system transfers 100% of its heat to air flow. Systems with indirect heating always have an exhaust or ventilation pipe, which removes hot combustion gases from the building into the atmosphere.

The air heater has an original peak efficiency level of about 56%, since approximately 20% of the fuel is lost in the flue gases and additional fuel is lost in the heat exchanger, representing about 70% of the efficiency of the new device. The heat exchanger breaks down over time and the efficiency level can drop to 40 – 50% of the total efficiency.

Not only is an air heater inefficient, it cannot provide a uniform temperature because it depends on the infiltration of cold combustion air. The combustion process requires approximately 10 parts atmospheric air for 1 part natural gas. One cubic foot of natural gas contains approximately 1,000 British thermal units (Btu). A typical building can lose approximately 3,000,000 Btu/hour in normal heat loss. This means that heating appliances will consume 3,000 cubic feet of combustion air every hour. This leakage air must be heated for the combustion process and therefore increases the normal infiltration load of the room. The cost of combustion air alone is heating devices is about $0.95/hour.

Unlike air heaters, a make-up air heater does not introduce cold combustion air into the building. It also does not draw out heated air. In a compressed atmosphere the temperature is much more uniform. The make-up air heater does not use a heat exchanger and does not draw or supply cold air to the plant. The gas burner operates according to demand and its efficiency is close to 100%. All heat obtained as a result of fuel combustion goes directly into the room. Natural gas contains 8% water. While burning natural gas generates "sensible/physical" heat, which raises the room temperature. The water present in the gas generates “latent heat”, which provides humidification in the plant. When using an air heater, latent heat is lost in the exhaust pipe.

Without a make-up air heater, the natural force of the wind combines with the mechanical exhaust of the building and creates a situation in which cold air enters the room and warm air leaves it. Cold air accumulates near the floor, and the warm one rises to the ceiling. Wasted energy collects near the ceiling while workers have cold feet. All burners respond to cold air drafts at floor level by burning more intensely to compensate for the penetration of cold air.

Positive pressure from the compensation air heater provides displacement-controlled ventilation. The building still breathes, but now the indoor air is fresher and the temperature is even. Fresh air pushes out stale air and pollutants from the compensation air heater. The volume of air released is controlled. Exhaust systems in washing and vulcanizing ovens they operate at specified volumes, without annoying burner extinguishing or backdraft.

The occurrence of a wind tunnel passing through the equipment, which can occur in air heating devices, is excluded. The cost is 20 - 40% lower than with indirect air heating.

Infiltration causes strong temperature stratification. The floor is very cold, especially near doors and in areas that are poorly insulated from the outside. Air heaters, often used to heat a room, will run continuously but will never raise the temperature in cold areas to an acceptable level. Air heaters get their combustion air from cracks in the walls of the building. Since cold air constantly enters through the cracks, there is no chance that this room will warm up. The heated air from the air heater rises to the ceiling along with the heat generated by the curing ovens and washing. The temperature at the floor may be around 45°F, while at the ceiling it may be around 120°F (5° – 49°C) or higher. The air heater continues to work in a vain effort to raise the air temperature at floor level to a comfortable value. As cold air continues to move in, BTUs are consumed and lost as temperatures rise and cold air infiltrates.

Thus, a direct-fired compensation air heater is more efficient than an air heater. Combustion air enters the heater, is heated to a set value and is forced into the room for efficient energy transfer. Because the air in a building is compressed, heat is distributed much more evenly throughout the building. That 120°F air that was lost in the ceiling is now distributed throughout the facility, improving overall comfort. Unlike an air heater, which allows cool air to constantly enter the room, a make-up air heater takes in only the amount of outside air needed to meet the needs of the room, raises the temperature to a set point and distributes it evenly throughout the building. The burner modulates to produce only what is needed, no more and no less.

In our previous article we told you about , its characteristics and design. Like all heating boilers, it only works in tandem with a stationary heating system. Today we will tell you about gas heaters for the home, which do not require any pipes, no coolant, or anything at all except a propane cylinder. There are several types of such units. These include infrared, catalytic and convection gas heaters for the dacha. Feedback from people who used them to heat their homes boils down to one thing: it’s convenient, but somewhat dangerous, it’s still gas, you should be extremely careful and be sure to ventilate the room.

What are the benefits of gas heaters for summer cottages?

Gas heaters work equally well with natural gas and propane.

Let's start with the fact that gas heaters can operate regardless of the presence of any communications and networks. So, no running water with sewerage or electricity is required. You don't even need a central natural gas supply. All you need is a bottle of liquefied gas. At the same time, a gas heater for a dacha, according to reviews, can also operate on gas that is supplied centrally through a gas pipeline, that is, from natural gas.

Based on this, it turns out that gas heater for home, you can use it anywhere, even in the remote taiga, even in a high-rise apartment, even in a tent on the top of Everest. By the way, do not forget that in the mountains high altitude The pressure is not the same as on the plain, so you need to use special cylinders. A gas heater for an apartment is a very mobile device. They vary depending on the heating method, despite the fact that they all use the same type of fuel - natural or liquefied gas.

Based on the principle of operation, there are two groups of devices:

• those that heat objects;
• those that heat the air.

Gas heaters for apartments, which heat objects, operate on the principle of the already well-known UFO electric infrared heaters. If an object is in the radiation range, then it heats up, and if not, it remains cold until the heat reaches it through indirect paths, which we will talk about a little later. In the case of air heating, everything is quite simple and clear.

IN different situations one or the other applies gas heater. The need for heating can arise both indoors and outdoors. Based on this, we can distinguish the following classification of gas heaters for a summer house with a cylinder:

• for confined spaces;
• for open spaces (hangars, agricultural buildings);
• for the street.

Below we will consider the main types of gas heaters for a summer cottage with a cylinder individually, their characteristics, as well as their scope of application.

Operating principle of an infrared heater

One of the modifications of an infrared gas heater.

An infrared gas heater for the home does not heat the air, it only affects objects. For greater efficiency, it is better to place the heater higher so that the range of infrared radiation is wider. Infrared heater design:

• metal case;
• heat exchanger;
• divider;
• control unit (automation);
• gearbox

The dimensions of the heater can be different: from mini-models for tents, to more solid devices for heating garages and large rooms.

Gas infrared heater for a summer residence, it must be located at some distance from the cylinder, since the principle of its operation implies the presence of a flame from combustion.

Visually it is invisible, but it is still present, although there is alternative options. A ceramic plate acts as a heat exchanger. To connect a gas heater for a summer house, just attach the hose from the cylinder to the nozzle of the device.

Principle of operation:

• gas from the cylinder enters the reducer;
• the reducer reduces the gas pressure to operating pressure and supplies it to the heater nozzle;
• at the inlet, the gas is mixed with air and supplied through a divider into the ceramic panel;
• in a ceramic panel, gas burns completely due to the uniform distribution of fuel, despite the fact that there are no combustion products (ash, soot), efficiency increases;
• the flame heats the ceramics, which, in turn, actively emits infrared radiation;
• the rays hit objects and heat them;
• objects give off some of their heat to the air.

Thus, the overall temperature in the room also increases, but only very slowly, since the air is heated not from the flame itself, but in several intermediary stages. In addition to the traditional combustion of fuel in a ceramic heat exchanger, such gas heaters for the home use flameless (catalytic) combustion. We will explain its essence below, but in addition to the differences in technological process, there is also a difference in the heat exchanger temperature.

During normal combustion with a flame, ceramic elements heat up to a temperature of 800-1000 degrees. These are so-called high-temperature devices in which the heat exchanger emits light in addition to heat. During catalytic combustion, the temperature of the ceramic heat exchanger does not exceed 600 degrees, and there is no light. In addition to its heating function, the infrared gas heater can serve as a cooking stove.

Such devices can be used both indoors (necessarily well ventilated) and outdoors. There are special gas outdoor heaters for summer cottages. Infrared devices work no worse outdoors than indoors, and heat losses are reduced only to the cooling of heated objects. The unit itself has a similar efficiency, regardless of the situation.

Operating principle of a catalytic heater

IN catalytic heater With reverse side There is a niche for a cylinder, although it can stand separately.

Catalytic gas heater from a cylinder for the home, the difference with infrared is that:

• it heats the air, not objects;
• there is no open flame in it.

Catalytic combustion is a flameless combustion in which the gas undergoes deep oxidation to CO2 and H2O due to the action of catalysts on it. The catalyst can be two metals: platinum or palladium, as well as several metal oxides, such as:

• chromium oxide;
• iron oxide;
• copper oxide.

In catalytic gas heaters for heating a private home, the heat exchanger is made of fiberglass, and then a catalyst, usually platinum, is applied to it. When the gas interacts with the platinum coating, it begins chemical reaction with abundant heat release, while there is no smoke and combustion products. Catalytic combustion occurs with a minimal amount of oxygen, unlike infrared gas room heaters. Catalytic gas heaters can be additionally equipped with electric heating elements and fans. In this case, the device becomes volatile.

Operating principle of the convector

Convectors need a chimney through which smoke will escape and air will enter the combustion chamber.

Convector heaters for home use have not been around for long. These units cannot boast of mobility and are classified as stationary equipment. The fact is that heating a house with a convector-type gas heater is only possible if there is a convector, like a catalytic heater, heats the air, but at the same time there is an open flame in it, as in gas boiler for heating. Through coaxial chimney oxygen necessary for combustion is supplied and smoke is discharged to the street. It turns out that the device does not burn the air in the room at all.

The air is heated not directly from the flame, but through a metal heat exchanger. The combustion chamber in the convector is sealed, similar to . Principle of operation:

• Gas is supplied to the combustion chamber;
• oxygen enters the firebox through a coaxial chimney;
• the gas is ignited from a button on the body;
• the flame heats the heat exchanger, which releases heat to the air.

The housing has holes through which circulation (convection) occurs. A fan is installed at the bottom of the heater. It is turned on from a button on the case and promotes more active air convection. The convector heater can operate on both natural gas and propane-butane.

The device is equipped with a control unit and a thermostat, thanks to which you can set the required temperature in the room. The intensity of work is regulated by a combination valve, which controls the pressure and gas supply to the combustion chamber. If problems arise with the device or any negative consequences its operation, the automation is activated and the heater turns off.

There is also such a type of heater as gas gun. This is, in fact, also a convector, only more powerful. It runs on electricity, has no chimney and cannot be used for heating residential premises.

Heat guns have an open flame source, the heat from which is blown out by a powerful fan. They burn oxygen very strongly, so they can only be used in open areas. By the way, such guns are used when installing suspended ceilings.

Which gas heater is best for a summer house? When choosing a gas heater for your home, you must initially decide which heating method is preferable for you: heating air or heating objects. In the first case, the temperature will gradually increase throughout the room, and in the second, instant heating of objects exposed to infrared radiation is assumed. In addition, there are portable and stationary types of gas heaters for the home, and the price also differs. The cheapest option will be a portable infrared gas heater. The cost of catalytic units is higher due to the high cost of catalyst components. A convector gas heater is the most expensive and needs permanent installation and the presence of a chimney. Only infrared heaters are suitable for outdoor use.

If you are wondering how to choose a gas heater for your dacha, the video below will shed some light on the situation on the heating appliance market:

A gas air heater is a device designed to heat indoor air. Today, this device is widely used in livestock and poultry factories that require a certain temperature regime, however, today they are often used in residential buildings. The second unspoken name for this heating device is a gas stove. It is worth noting that the air heater operates on natural gas, which gives it the advantage of minimal inertia, due to which the heat that arises from the burnt gas quickly spreads throughout the room, thereby heating the room in a short time. The heating rate of the room is also affected by the power of the gas heat pump.

The air heater consists of several parts: a housing, a recuperator, a heat exchanger, a multi-speed fan and a smoke removal fan, a gas valve, and a heat and sound insulator. The operating principle itself is very simple.

Air is supplied through the fan to the recuperator, then, thanks to the gas burner, it heats up and enters the heat exchanger, and only then it enters the room and heats the room. Despite the fact that the device produces carbon monoxide, it is not dangerous, because this gas leaves through a special chimney.

Choosing such an air heater today is not an easy task, because there is a wide variety of models on the heating equipment market gas ovens, differing in operating principles, functions and capacities.

First of all, you need to consider the area of ​​the room. When choosing an air heater for rooms large sizes It is worth paying attention to devices with a power of 750-2500 kW, and for a smaller area a power of less than 750 kW is suitable.

It is also necessary to take into account the presence of cracks in doors, windows and walls, since there is a high probability of heat loss through them, which is directly related to saving money.

By the way, there are 2 classes of gas stoves, premium and economy; such air heaters differ in price and manufacturer’s brand. There are also economical heating stoves that can reduce up to 75% of the energy consumed when heating a room. It is worth paying attention to the sound insulation of such an air heater, since excessive noise can cause discomfort.

The most efficient and economical of all air heating systems is gas. Because due to high efficiency thermal device, due to the low rate of gas waste, the monetary costs of installing such a system will pay off quickly. Even the lack of central gas supply will not prevent its use.

In summary, it should also be noted that gas air heaters are simple designs, and most importantly, reliable, which is so necessary on cold winter days in many industrial workshops and residential premises. By purchasing a gas air heater, you can confidently trust it not only with your business, but also with your home.

For a comfortable stay in a house or apartment, it is important to have both cold and warm water. Devices are in demand nowadays to heat water. different types who use for their work different sources energy. Since natural gas is one of the available energy resources, boilers running on this fuel are quite common.

Peculiarities

• In a direct heating boiler operating on gas, the temperature of the water inside the tank increases due to the direct effect of the heat released from the combustion of the gas.
• Performance gas boiler quite high.
• Such devices are more economical than direct heating electric boilers.
• Installing such a boiler presents some difficulties. Firstly, it must be agreed upon with regulatory organizations. Secondly, installation of a gas boiler requires a chimney.
• According to the installation method, gas boilers are wall-mounted (such models hold up to 150 liters of water) and floor-mounted (more voluminous devices).

A gas boiler costs much more than electric models.

Design and principle of operation

The main element of a gas boiler is gas-burner, located in the combustion chamber under the water tank. A pipe passes from it through the boiler tank, through which combustion products are discharged. Heat is transferred to the water in the tank both from the burner itself and from this pipe.

Burner power directly affects the productivity and power of the boiler. IN wall units usually used gas installations power up to 5 kW, and in floor-standing ones – over 6 kW.

The outer casing and tank of most modern gas boilers are made of metal. It could be like stainless steel, and other metal with an enamel coating. The inside of the storage tank is often treated with a coating that prevents corrosion - glass-ceramic, titanium or others.

Between the water tank and the outer casing in gas boilers there is a thermal insulation layer. Its function is to maintain the temperature of the water that has been heated in the boiler for some time after heating. There is a control unit on top of the case.

Water is supplied inside the gas boiler tank through the inlet pipe, and is taken from the top of the device through the outlet pipe connected to the hot water tap.