Transomless reinforced concrete frame systems in modern construction

Prefabricated reinforced concrete frame "KUB-2.5" is a universal structure for the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings both in normal construction conditions and in areas with seismicity of no more than 9 points inclusive on a 12-point scale. The universal structural system “KUB-2.5” makes it possible, in a variety of climatic, relief, and seismic conditions, to almost completely ensure the construction of residential buildings, social and cultural buildings, warehouse complexes, multi-tiered parking lots, etc. - i.e. implement residential development and objects of the industrial and communal zone with it in a single design key, in a single manufacturing and installation technology building structures.

Residential buildings, social facilities, administrative buildings - dozens and hundreds of objects were erected during this time using a frameless frame in many cities of Russia and the CIS - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kiev and many other cities.

Picture 1

Axonometric view of load-bearing structures

a) and moment diagrams (b) of the crossbar-less frame “Cube-2.5”: NK - above-column slab; MK - intercolumn slab; PVC plate insert; K-column

Today, the structural construction system of the transom-less frame “KUB-2.5” is the only building system on the Russian market in which the frame is fully prefabricated; only the joints between the structural elements of the frame are monolithic: the column and the slab. This makes its use promising in the North, where the use of monolithic reinforced concrete is limited by natural factors. The factory technology used in this system for manufacturing building elements transfers the labor costs of builders to the workshop environment as much as possible, thereby significantly reducing construction site risks of both natural and human factors, and also significantly reduces construction time.

The design of the crossbar-less frame of the KUB-2.5 system is a frame (frame-braced) prefabricated monolithic frame with capitalless ceilings (Fig. 1, a). The division of the floor is designed in such a way that the joints of the panels are located in zones where the magnitude of the bending moments is zero (Fig. 1, b). Spatial rigidity is ensured by the monolithic connection of elements (floors and columns) and, if necessary, the inclusion of braces or diaphragms in the system.

The developed frame structures provide floor heights of 2.8 m, 3.0 m, and 3.3 m with a main grid of columns of 6.0 x 6.0 m. Spans of 3.0 m, 6.0 m and 12.0 m are possible.

Figure 2 Options for external enclosing structures of the crossbar-less frame “Cube-2.5”

The structural system of the transomless frame has 2 load-bearing elements: a column and a floor panel, which makes it possible to construct external enclosing structures in various options. External walls according to their static function can be either curtain walls (Fig. 2, a-b) or self-supporting (Fig. 2, c). Material: concrete, foam blocks, brick. Insulation can be located both on the inside and on the outside, including using ventilated facades. As interior walls and partitions, structures made of various materials can also be used.

Figure 3 Options for floor slabs and joints of floor slabs

crossbar-less frame "Cube-2.5"

Flat floor panels are used in two modifications: single-module with dimensions 2980x2980x160 mm (maximum size 2980x5980x160 mm) and two-module with dimensions 2980x5980x160 mm.

Single-module floor panels are divided depending on their location in the frame (Fig. 3,b) into:

above-column, inter-column, middle (insert slabs).

Two-module panels are formed by combining two adjacent panels: above-column and inter-column; intercolumnar and middle (Fig. 3, a).

The use of two-module panels is preferable, as this allows you to double the installation time and save on caulking joints.

When installing the panels, the reinforcing outlets of the ends are combined in such a way that a loop is formed into which the reinforcement is inserted and then tied (Fig. 3, c). The seams between the slabs are used to pass utility lines.

The columns are designed in two types: a section of 400x400 mm with a maximum length of 14600 mm and a section of 200x400 mm with a maximum length of 9200 mm (Fig. 4, 5).

At the floor level, the columns have exposed reinforcement (Fig. 4).

Figure 4 Columns of the crossbar-less frame “Cube-2.5”

Figure 5 Columns and joints of columns of the crossbar-less frame “Cube-2.5”

The joint of the columns provides forced installation, in which the fixing rod of the lower end of the upper column should enter the nozzle of the upper end of the lower column (Fig. 5, c). In this case, the installation of formwork is not required, welding of reinforcement is not provided, and construction labor intensity is reduced. The column also has vertical marks on all vertical faces for ease of geodetic control when installing columns (Fig. 5,b).

The interface between two main elements - the panel and the column - was developed using an embedded part - a steel shell (Fig. 5d), connected to reinforcement cages located in the body of the panel. The concrete in this unit operates under conditions of all-round compression, as a result of which it self-strengthens. This made it possible to avoid welding at the joint of the columns. The assembly contains only assembly seams.

Installation of structures, making up the transomless frame as a whole, is carried out in the following order: first, the columns are installed, aligned and embedded in the foundation glasses; then the above-column panels are installed at the design level and welded to the column reinforcement; after this, the intercolumn and middle panels are mounted “dry” using concrete mounting tables (Fig. 3d) provided for by the design of the panels; joints between panels are concreted

The practice of using the unified transomless capitalless frame of the KUB-2.5 system has shown its advantages over other systems:

Today, this is practically the only system that really gives complete freedom of planning decisions (Fig. 6). With its help, you can build buildings with a height of 2 to 25 floors, with any floor height.

Compared to traditional technologies for the construction of multi-storey buildings, this technology is economical: the reduced consumption of concrete and steel gives an overall reduction in construction costs by 5-7%, even taking into account the costs of the factory technology for manufacturing elements.

The advantage of the system compared to monolithic frames is expressed in: a reduced mass of steel in the ceiling (78.9 kg per 1 m3 with a column spacing of 6x6 m); in the possibility of using high-class concrete (up to B60) in columns, which affects the results of reinforcement and the preservation of typical cross-sections of columns of 400 x 400 mm.

All elements of the system, in contrast to the monolithic frame technology, are manufactured in a factory, which makes it possible to almost completely eliminate the possibility of defects, since all components of the crossbar-less frame structure undergo strict production control at the enterprise.

The next factor in determining the advantages of this building system is the high speed and ease of installation.

When constructing objects, a team of 5 people installs up to 300 m2 of floors per shift, and assembles the spatial structure at a rate of 200 m2, regardless of the time of year and weather conditions. If the installers have good skills, the frame of one section is 16- storey building can be completed in three months with the installation of all reinforced concrete elements.

By increasing speed erection of the frame and savings on basic materials, overall economic efficiency is achieved up to 20% of the total cost of constructing the above-ground part, which is confirmed by calculations and practice of using the system in 27 regions of Russia.

Figure 2.5 Example of a 16-storey residential building in the “Cube-2.5” frameless frame system

"KUB-2.5" makes it possible to produce prefabricated elements of any applicable number of storeys in the same types of forms.

To implement residential development (residential and public buildings), it is necessary to have 4 types of forms: column, above-column slab, inter-column slab, middle slab. Stairs, ventilation blocks, elevator shafts can be used in any other structural system mastered by factories producing reinforced concrete products.

In 2015, the first houses of the new KUB 2.5 series were already built in Moscow on Khlobystova Street, and now they will increasingly appear in new building blocks. The series approved by Moskomarkhitektura is presented as “the most cost-effective structural system in terms of cost, planning capabilities, construction speed, labor costs and architectural solutions. The internal and external walls on the prefabricated monolithic frame of these houses can be made of bricks and blocks, as well as panels. From the KUB 2.5 “constructor” you can build economy-, comfort-, and business-class housing.”

MOSLENTA asked the former head of the Research and Design Institute (NIiPI) of the General Plan of Moscow, Honored Architect of Russia Sergei Tkachenko, to talk about what new opportunities for changing the number of floors and layouts are included in the houses of the new series, what is influenced by the bright diversity of facades, in what form such houses are being rented these days in Germany, and why Moscow architects are focusing on them today.

House series CUBE 2.5

Image: Glavstroy Development

Sergei Tkachenko, Honored Architect of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Arts, former head of the Research and Design Institute of the General Plan of Moscow

Sergei Tkachenko

Pavel Golovkin / Kommersant

Variety of facades

If we talk about houses of the new series, in particular, CUBE 2.5, then what is primarily important is not how brightly the facades are painted. For some reason this is usually the first thing people pay attention to. You must understand that appearance is determined by prevailing tastes. Now on architectural councils everyone understands: you need to do it “for Germany”, and then you will pass all the approvals. If you do it for another country, you won’t pass, because since 2012 the German model of development in Moscow architecture has been approved. This happened after the replacement of the architectural team, from the time when Sergei Choban began to determine the direction of modern Moscow architecture.

If we qualitatively follow the North German, Dutch path - along the path of Protestant architecture, then it is characterized by some diversity of facades, designed to distract from life problems. In our country, this approach was developed by Andrei Chernikhov, who created the famous color school for autists. It is bright and colorful so that children can navigate and remember by colors where they study and where they live. Similar system Now it applies to all residents of standard building blocks. Just remember: I live in an orange house, and you live in a light green one, and so on. Even the entrances began to be painted in different colors to make it easier to navigate.

Variability

Any standard house of a modern series, like a basic car model, can be modernized in the direction of complication and improvement, and, of course, its cost increases. In general, today's series are much more interesting from a design point of view than what house-building factories produced in the 1970s and 1980s. Engineers and designers have something to work with, modern standard houses absorb all engineering innovations: technologies " smart home", recovery, that is, reuse of energy. Due to this, they become expensive, but that is another question.

Back in the 1970s it was possible, by building panel house, greatly vary its number of floors, configuration, and apartment layouts. But then this would have made the construction itself so much more expensive, and this approach was immediately rejected. We had regulatory limits: five-story buildings without an elevator, nine-story buildings with one elevator, and higher ones with two. The money was state money, it was not enough, it was saved, so the heights of the houses were predetermined, and the projects did not vary, except for isolated, exceptional cases.

Now, especially considering the declaimed multi-storey development of New Moscow, the time has come when it is necessary different variants developments. True, so far we only see the maximum number of floors and courtyards-wells that appear among 22-25-story buildings, and such a building density has never happened before. Let’s assume that this is the call of the times, and apartments are becoming cheaper due to this.

Variation in layout is possible in current series, and this is also a sign of the times. Who said that house building is at the level of the 1960s and 1970s? It is developing all over the world, slightly ahead of us, and there are ready-made solutions to look at - which is great!

Prefabricated monolithic frameless frame of a house of the KUB 2.5 series consists of vertical columns and flat floor panels

"Glavstroy Development"

Neighborhood layout

At the end of the 1980s, a new district, Marzahn-Helersdorf, was built in East Berlin. Bright houses with intensive use of color, new layouts, but most importantly - due to what they became innovative - social, domestic and transport infrastructure was implemented there at a new level. It's not about bright facades, it's much more higher value has what is happening around the houses.

And of course, as an architect and urban planner, I am primarily concerned with how landscaping is evolving. I don’t mean benches and lawns, but the layout inside the new neighborhoods. It will be great if they start doing it the way they did in the early 1950s. This subsequently rejected system was good: everything was carefully thought out, standardized and executed. Inside these old quarters there is everything you need. And then the quarterly system began, which was returned to in the 1990s, and now it dominates again: there is an area inside the yard - it is for the residents, and what is outside is for the city.

The “machine for habitation” with the open spaces of neighborhoods, which Corbusier spoke about in the 1930s, has acquired a unique appearance in our country. We again came to the quarterly system of the 30-50s, which is not bad at all: it protects the identity of the tenant, the city dweller. But we have insanely increased the height of the buildings themselves, as a result we have wells in the courtyards, a lack of insolation, which we have already come to terms with. Because we proceed from the fact that the main thing is square meters. And it is important that investors, even in a crisis situation, build and sell as much as possible.

The layout should at least be laid down in the project so that it cannot be distorted later. All vital infrastructure elements must be planned so that they cannot be changed: kindergarten and a school within reach, the first floors are reserved for public spaces. Then these new microdistricts will, as they say, “gain strength.”

First or second home

There are immutable truths from the category of “twice two is four.” For example: the courtyard space is designed for all social and age categories of residents. Now these houses are being built for socially related categories. If in Soviet years Anyone could end up there, but now it is clear that these are people who cannot buy an expensive apartment, or this is their first or second home, and the owners dream of earning more money in order to move to the banks of the Moscow River or to the center. For example, in Western Europe Over the course of a lifetime, the average person changes housing seven times. And each next one is more comfortable and modern. If we are approaching Western reality, it should be the same for us. That is, the housing market should provide such opportunities.

And if so, then we must have serial construction that provides the possibility of a variable habitat, both within the block, and in the neighborhood, and within the yard. It is not necessary to make a well out of 25-story buildings: on the side where the sun shines, you can make a gap, lower the number of storeys - there are all sorts of options, they are studied in the third year of an architectural institute. And apartments in which there is no sun should cost less.

Returning to the typical situation: social and living infrastructure must be fully provided: kindergartens, schools, convenience stores, sports complexes, a clinic - this regulatory list I could go on for a long time. Among such new quarters there should be a more vibrant trading area with large stores, a shopping center, a community center - a concert or exhibition hall. And then, as you move away from such a center, everything should be built patriarchally in the surrounding areas: there is no need for many shops or noisy establishments, such as night clubs.

Khldobystova 10 k.1

Ground floors and cultural centers

All the same, it will not be possible to occupy all the first floors with public institutions, shops, and offices. At the same time, there should be no housing there, except for those designed for people with limited mobility, that is, those whose exit leads directly to the street. In the Soviet years, there were such “commissions on the first floors”, which knew very well what the social set should be, and the whole social structure was provided already at the project stage. Now governments and prefectures issue requirements for the first floors, but not in full.

Landscaping should be included in the project so that there are “green passages” from block to block that do not intersect with the main streets. Then the courtyard spaces will not be closed, but publicly accessible.

If there is a river or pond in the area, it’s generally great; here is a ready-made territory for a public, cultural, and recreational center for a group of surrounding neighborhoods. In Europe, and especially in America, they like to make such a center from an old building that has been preserved in the area. It is being restored, not the standard, but some special landscaping is being done around it, a cultural space is being equipped inside: exhibition halls, halls for holding classes. The same can be done here: let people have a blast, give this task to young designers and architects, they will make the cultural center of a block or region so that the neighbors will be jealous.

Return to pre-revolutionary practice

In the houses of the new series, high ceiling heights in the rooms are declared, from 2.7 to 3 meters. The first five-story buildings had a ceiling height of 2.45 meters. It turns out that in 60 years we have “grown” by 25-55 centimeters, and this is good. Thus, we are returning to the pre-revolutionary practice of designing residential buildings.

Engineering equipment and support varies: if you want a smart home, go ahead, but it will cost more. If you want, you can drill wells, and the heat of the soil, converted into electricity, will provide it for the entire house, and you will also sell it. All this can be done, but then construction will cost a pretty penny. I think that in areas of mass residential development, where residents cannot afford unnecessary things, there will be no demand for such unique engineering equipment in buildings.

Layout variations - yes, will be in demand. At home modern series- all frame-panel: first, the frame is erected, which then makes it possible to make the layout of the apartments quite free. Only communications, apartment boundaries, elevators and staircases remain in the same places. At the same time, you can combine neighboring apartments if necessary.

German examples

From construction experience in Berlin, I can say that even kitchen equipment is installed there: oven, stove, refrigerator, cabinets. Something is installed at the expense of the builder, and something, if it is improved equipment, at the expense of the buyer. There, variability reaches heights that are not entirely understandable to us, but this is their custom, they have overtaken us. And we will have this. Why do I look so calmly at the development of standard housing construction? Because we have samples, and since the economy is a market economy, we will inevitably get closer to them.

There must be a standard of living, a level of environmental comfort. My apartment is my world, I will arrange it myself. But what is outside, I cannot do myself; it all must be included in the project and implemented by, let’s say, external forces: the community of residents, builders, the prefecture at the expense of the city.

When we have a civil society, we will also come to the kind of solutions that exist today in the West: when residents form communities that win their rights in order to improve the standard of living on their territory. And the authorities will listen to this.

Perspective

If we talk about the near future, then first of all we should expect that the houses built will correspond to those wonderful pictures that architects present when they defend their projects.

In the 1950s, when house-building factories were launched, the prospect of mass construction of affordable housing appeared. Out of habit, we criticize this approach, but then the volume of construction increased significantly, for example, in Moscow - 20 times! And this made it possible to solve relevant production and social problems. Now there is no need to increase construction volumes significantly; it needs to be maintained at the same level, and no one wants to collapse the market. But nevertheless, if what we see in the design pictures begins to be implemented in reality, we can say that we have reached the level of developed European countries.

Over the past month, I’ve heard “fi” a couple of times in the direction of monolithic house construction. Like, low rates, low quality and the inability to fully control the same quality on site. Of course, this was announced during the construction of houses made of prefabricated reinforced concrete. Of course, everyone will praise their technology, but nevertheless... Precast concrete is widely used in house construction and it has a huge number of advantages. As I recently found out, it can even be used to make houses with an open plan, which previously was always presented as an advantage of only monolithic construction.

In 2014, the Moscow Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning Council of the Moscow Region formulated new requirements for industrial residential development.
- Varying the number of storeys of the building.
- Flexible planning solutions.
- Variety of façade solutions.
- A variety of space-planning solutions for corner sections and the possibility of placing sections offset relative to each other.
- Organization of public space on the 1st floor and special façade solutions for the 1st floor level.

All this is implemented in this project. Let's see how the modern business-class residential complex "Yauza-Park" is being built on Krasnobogatyrskaya Street.

The house is being built using KUB-2.5 technology - a universal structural system of a prefabricated monolithic frame without crossbars, consisting of vertical columns and flat floor panels. 2.5 - project version.

1. First, about the project as a whole. This is a building of variable number of floors of 18-20-18 floors, designed for 352 apartments. The house presents nine options for apartment solutions ranging from 40.45 to 98.8 square meters. m. with kitchens of at least 10 sq.m.

2. A spacious two-level underground parking, which is designed for 376 parking spaces, is equipped with an elevator that goes down from the residential part of the building directly to the parking lot. Guest surface parking for 75 parking spaces, surface parking for residents of the complex for 40 parking spaces and 9 parking spaces for people with limited mobility. As a result, they promise to get the concept of a yard without cars. Naturally, children's playgrounds, recreation areas, a dog walking area and other infrastructure. Please note that the number of parking spaces is even greater than the number of apartments. I think this is a good entry for victory in the “comfortable yard without carts” category.

3. The price of apartments ranges from 8 (one-room apartment) to 18 (three rubles) million rubles. The price of a parking space will be about a million rubles. At the moment, more than half of the apartments have already been sold. The apartment is offered unfinished with a single brick layout on the floor. Then residents can do as they please. Look at the layout - there is no apartment inside load-bearing walls. Only two or three columns.

4. Two-level underground parking. For construction, a pit more than 20 meters deep was dug to remove the cultural layer of the garbage dump. The pit fencing is sheet piling with anchor fastening.

5. According to the given concept, the first floor is not residential - there is a public area there. The walls, as you can see, are made of brick.

6. On residential floors, walls made of aerated concrete blocks are used.

7. The facade is hinged, with insulation. In general, everything is standard here. Each apartment will have regular place for installing the outdoor unit of the air conditioner.

8. Another requirement of the concept was the absence of straight facades and right angles between sections. All this required was a small amount monolithic works, of course.

9. Now about KUB-2.5. The system is intended for the construction of residential and public buildings up to 25 floors, above-ground multi-level parking lots, the frame consists of vertical multi-tiered columns without protruding parts and floor slabs that act as crossbars. The set consists of four main forms - column and slabs: above-column, inter-column and middle.

10. Possibility of designing buildings: with spans of 3, 6, 12 and 18 meters; with column spacing from 3 to 7.5 m; floor height 2.8; 3.0; 3.3; 4.2; 4.5 m. Rigidity diaphragms are installed between the columns. All diaphragms are located between the apartments, and thus inside the apartments an open space with a pair of columns is obtained.

11. Installed column with two stiffening diaphragms. The recess in it is a place for mortgages and monolithic joints with the ceiling.

12. Columns are inserted into each other. In fact, it's a huge LEGO.

13. Expansion joint between sections. This passage will not exist in the future and the residential sections will be completely isolated from each other.

14. Installation of a cantilever floor slab - the so-called above-column one. It is put on the column and fixed on the racks while work is going on at the junction.

16. Of these, for example. Please note that the floor slabs are without internal holes. This allows them to be made significantly thinner than traditional slabs.

17. All communications are made in a single riser, from where all wiring is carried out to all apartments on the floor.

18. Hood. On the left there are holes for sewer riser. Please note that the ventilation consists of two channels. The big one is the main channel that goes through all floors. And the small one is the exit from the apartment. At the bottom there is a garbage receptacle (one for each floor), if something falls into the ventilation from your apartment (I wonder how?) it will remain there.

19. Common corridor between diaphragms.

20. Views from the upper floors. Up to six floors are being built per month. As the developer will assure you, this is faster than a monolith. And overall 10% cheaper.

21. There is a large program for the reconstruction of the Yauza embankments. All that remains is to wait for its implementation.

22. The territory of the former Krasny Bogatyr plant.

23. Neighboring buildings. Many who buy apartments in a new building are residents from the area.

24. Mainly buys for old parents or young families. There are a lot of employees from the IT sector - during the crisis it turned out to be the most stable.

25. The house is scheduled for delivery in the last quarter of this year.

Historical information about beamless floors.
Beamless floors were used in the construction of multi-story buildings at the beginning of the last century. In 1906, in the USA, at the suggestion of engineer Thorner, and in 1908 in Moscow, under the leadership of A.F. Loleit, a four-story building for a dairy products warehouse was designed and built, then in 1910, a building with beamless floors was erected in Switzerland.

Over the course of its century-long history, beamless floors have undergone significant changes in designs, calculation methods and areas of application. The first modification of beamless floors was floors with capitalless columns.

Beamless floors with capitalless columns are extremely simple structures consisting of reinforced concrete slabs of the same thickness and columns of constant cross-section. This simplifies formwork work and also reinforcement work and concreting. Due to the fact that in capitalless structures the columns have a constant cross-section, they are easy to mate with walls and partitions between the columns. Therefore, they are convenient for administrative buildings and residential buildings.

In the 60s, TsNIIEP houses under the leadership of A.E. Dorfman and JI. N. Levontina developed designs for a beamless capital-less ceiling for a high-rise hotel in Vladivostok. This reinforced concrete frame was called a “unified frame without crossbars” (KUB-1). Subsequently, modified versions of the KUB series systems were developed for various loads and manufacturing conditions. One of them was the unified prefabricated monolithic frame USMBK, developed for the USSR Ministry of Defense. Based on the experience gained as a result of using all modifications of systems created on the basis of KUB-1, the KUB-2.5 building structure system was developed.

Since 2008, Glavstroy Development has been the patent holder of the KUB-2.5 System. This system is used throughout Russia. In Moscow, buildings on Preobrazhenskaya Square, Klyazminskaya Street, Cosmonaut Volkov Street, etc. were built using this system.

The cost of manufacturing the basic elements of the building is KUB 2.5.

4.4NP 30-30-16-14.0 – 16,875 rub. for 1 slab (cost m2 - 1875 rubles);

MP 30-30-16-10.0 – 17,242 rub. for 1 slab (cost m2 - 1916 rubles);

The cost of manufacturing a 2-tier column is 16,206 rubles. For 1 column.

The GarantStroy company was registered in 2004 to solve problems in the design and construction of residential and public buildings and structures.

The main activities are:

Construction of residential and public buildings and structures (including as a general contractor);

Production and supply of reinforced concrete products;

Manufacturing and installation of metal structures;

Construction of reinforced concrete plants.

The GarantStroy company has so far built about 568,000 m² of residential space.

The unified structural system "KUB-2.5" is highly industrialized, which is expressed in a high degree of factory readiness of its constituent elements. All elements are produced at reinforced concrete factories.

At the construction site, only the installation of finished elements is carried out using mechanized means, thereby ensuring a high pace of construction.

Residential complex "At the height", Korolev

The factory technology used in the system for manufacturing building elements makes it possible to transfer the labor costs of builders to the maximum extent possible on the shop floor.

When developing the frame of the KUB-2.5 system, solutions were used that significantly shortened the construction process of constructing the building frame:

In addition, the installation of the frame can be carried out in any weather, and a small number of workers on the construction site reduces the likelihood of using unskilled labor.

Objects implemented by the GarantStroy Company are located in many cities and regions of Russia: Moscow and the Moscow region, Vladimir, Tula region, etc.

Reliable production and information platform and efficient personnel composition, with extensive cumulative experience in project implementation, guarantee highest quality services provided by GarantStroy at any stage of interaction

Our foreign partners are one of the largest Indian companies in the field of design and construction, Ahluwalia Contracts (India) Limited. The organizations are collaborating on the design and construction of a 15-story residential complex"Summer Palms" (Summer Palms), located in the state. Haryana, Bahadurgarh, Sector-4A, for the construction of which the KUB-2.5 structural system is used. The area of ​​the facility is 90,000 m².

The object is located in seismicity zone 4 (7-8 points on the MSK scale). The design characteristics of the KUB-2.5 system are designed for use in regions with seismicity up to 7-9 points.

Residential complex "Summer Palms", Bahadurgarh (visualization)

Prefabricated monolithic structural systems are known in the Indian market. However similar technologies, currently existing in India, do not allow the construction of high-rise houses due to the fact that a hinged connection is formed between the floor slabs and columns ( rectangular section columns and hollow floor slabs). While “KUB-2.5” is designed for such a height - up to 25 floors - (square section of columns and solid floor slabs) due to the rigid connection of the slab and column.

All reinforced concrete products are produced within the construction site with the organization of a concrete plant within walking distance. The GarantStroy company sends its specialists to assist in the organization, control and training of Indian specialists in the production of concrete products, since the KUB-2.5 technology is new for the Indian user.

Russian specialists are constantly on site to organize and supervise installation, as well as to train Indian specialists in frame installation.

Currently, the GarantStroy Company can provide the production of reinforced concrete products and the construction of about 200 thousand m² per year of residential and public buildings using the KUB-2.5 crossbarless frame technology

We are ready to consider the possibility of our organization participating in future projects for the design and construction of residential and public buildings.

Another main activity of the company is the production of metal structures, construction of industrial buildings, hangars, warehouses, shopping centers, starting from the zero cycle, ending with turnkey delivery.

During its work, the GarantStroy Company has established reliable business contacts and constantly works as a contractor with such organizations as:

1. JSC "Mosmetrostroy"
2. Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Enterprise for the supply of products for the administration of the Presidential Administration" Russian Federation", Moscow city.
3. JSC Tactical Missile Weapons Corporation, Korolev.
4. JSC "Mosrentgen", Moscow.
5. Russian Academy of Sciences (JIHT RAS, ITPE RAS).
6. JSC "MIZ" (Moscow Tool Plant), Moscow.
7. CJSC Northgas, Novy Urengoy.
8. Municipal Unitary Enterprise "VYKSATEPLOENERGO", Vyksa.
9. CJSC SK BITEX, Mytishchi.
10. LLC "Pokrovsky Concrete Products Plant", Pokrov.
11. JSC "TSNIIEP residential and public buildings (TSNIIEP housing)", Moscow.
12. Steelar Building Systems LLC, Moscow.
13. LLC "Kazmetstroy", Kazan.
14. LLC "BUILDING ENGINEERING", Smolensk.
15. Tekhnostroy Company LLC, Kaluga.
16. Novinsky Metal Structures Plant LLC, Orekhovo-Zuevsky district.
17. COMPANY " Industrial complex", Khimki.
18. Enterprises of the construction industry of the city and region (concrete products, reinforced concrete concrete, DSK, asphalt concrete, etc.)
19. Various enterprises and organizations located in Moscow, Moscow region, St. Petersburg and other regions of the Russian Federation.

The GarantStroy company has its own production base, a reinforced concrete plant, two production workshops for the production of metal structures, equipped with imported metalworking and welding equipment and a fleet of road construction equipment, and has a staff of highly qualified specialists.

At the request of the customer, work is carried out using both imported and domestic materials.

Manufacturing of metal structures, assembly and arrangement of gas-condensate deposits of the eastern North-Urengoy field for the period of the pilot operation of Unit 2, Novy Urengoy

Construction of the AFC of the Pokrovsky reinforced concrete plant of Mosmetrostroy

The quality of construction products is ensured through a multi-stage quality control system created at the enterprise with the involvement of specialists from the testing laboratory of PSF STALKON LLC.

PKF STROYCITY LLC is continuously improving its working methods. New technologies and modern building materials are used.

Steel structures manufactured at our enterprise can be seen in all corners of the country.

Using the crossbar-less frame of the KUB-2.5 system

during the construction of residential and public buildings.

1. System capabilities:

This technology can be used in construction

- residential buildings;

- public buildings (schools, kindergartens and hospitals);

- administrative buildings;

- trade and warehouse complexes, as well as for complex development of military

and construction camps.

2. Advantages of the system.

Today, on the Russian market, the KUB-2.5 non-transom frame structural system is the only one in which the non-transom frame is fully prefabricated.

The frame of the building in the system of structural frameless frame is a spatial structure, such as a “shelf” of prefabricated monolithic design. Columns serve as frame supports, floor slabs serve as crossbars, and braces or diaphragms are used for stiffening elements. Stairs, ventilation units, and elevator shafts can be used in any manner mastered by manufacturing plants. The load-bearing capacity of the floors allows the use of the frame in buildings with load intensity up to 2000 kg/m2

The KUB-2.5 structural system is based on an original interface between two main elements - a panel and a column using an embedded part - a steel shell of a special design connected to reinforcement cages, located in the body of the panel. The concrete in this unit operates under conditions of all-round compression, as a result of which it self-strengthens. This made it possible to avoid welding at the joint of columns; only assembly seams. Welding work required when installing an above-column panel, in a column-panel assembly, when welding four connecting parts that transfer installation forces from the panel to the frame reinforced concrete column. The connection of reinforcing bars between the frames of the upper and lower columns of the KUB-2.5 system is required only if there are tensile forces in the sections of the columns, or in the most loaded columns. In the vast majority of cases, this connection can be omitted.

The joints of the elements that make up the transomless frame as a whole are monolithic, forming a frame structural system, the crossbars of which are the floors.

3. Speed ​​and ease of installation

When developing the frame of the KUB system, solutions were used that significantly shortened the construction process of constructing the building frame:

• installation vertical structures produced on several floors at once;
• the design of the column joint does not require welding of the load-bearing reinforcement;
• there is no need to install (and then repeatedly reinstall) formwork;
• the designs of the joints of columns and floor panels between each other do not require the installation of special formwork to embed the joint, which reduces construction labor intensity;
• ease of installation is also achieved due to self-fixing of elements and factory standards;
• KUB-2.5 slab products are stored in stacks of up to 10 pieces, which allows you to successfully work in a cramped construction site.

In addition, the installation of the frame can be carried out in any weather, and a small number of workers on the construction site reduces the likelihood of using unskilled labor

4. Required level of specialist training

Due to its simplicity, the KUB-2.5 crossbar-less frame system does not require special training from installers. The level of training of reinforcement workers and concrete workers at factories of reinforced concrete structures should not be higher than for the manufacture of the range of products that this plant has mastered.

5. The degree of factory readiness of frame elements and their quality

The factory technology used in the system for manufacturing building elements allows the maximum transfer of labor costs of builders to the workshop conditions, thereby significantly reducing the risks of both natural and human factors on the construction site.

All elements are completely ready for installation after gaining the required strength in the factory. The quality of products of the KUB 2.5 system is monitored at all stages and undergoes double quality control:

1) at the factory of reinforced concrete structures

2) at the construction site, during acceptance and installation of the frame.

6. Reliability of the frame

The universal transomless frame (“CUB”) has been built for several decades.The strength of the KUB-2.5 frame structures is confirmed by technical calculations and numerous tests:

• KUB designs were reviewed by the Scientific and Technical Council of the State Committee for Architecture under the USSR State Construction Committee and recommended for use by letter No. IP-7-3691 dated September 19, 1986;
• TsNIISK them. Kucherenko of the USSR State Construction Committee, the KUB frame is recommended for use (conclusion dated March 15, 1990);
• Laboratory of dynamic tests of TsNIIEP housing under the direction of Ashkinadze G.N.

IN last years More than a thousand objects have been built in Russia and abroad using the KUB-2.5 transomless frame.

7. Diversity and freedom of architectural solutions

Despite the modularity of the KUB-2.5 system panels, interfloor ceilings can take on a variety of shapes and heights, thereby allowing you to solve any architectural problems in the design of residential, public or industrial buildings. The load-bearing frame of the building consists only of internal elements (columns, floors and, if necessary, connections or diaphragms). Almost any façade solutions can be used as external enclosing structures (walls): lightweight, thermally efficient, stone (including brick-lined), various curtain panels, ventilated facades and stained glass fencing. All reinforced concrete structures of the KUB 2.5 system allow the design of buildings of the 1st degree of fire resistance.

8. Amount of cast-in-place concrete during installation

Monolithic concrete required only for sealing seams between slabs and at the column-panel joint. Since there are no additional structural elements Apart from the KUB-2.5 elements, installation is not required, the amount of concrete is minimal.

9. Minimum weight of the frame of the KUB-2.5 system

External walls are not load-bearing, there is no need to build foundations under them, and they do not need to be designed as strong as is done in frameless buildings. The load on the base of the frame is 25% lower than in a monolithic version. Regardless of the ground conditions, the volume of foundations required to distribute forces to the foundation from the above-ground part of buildings made in the structures of the “KUB-2.5” system will always be minimal, because the dead weight of the frame is also minimal due to the achieved optimization of all sections. This is especially important in poor soils.

10. Number of required installers

A team of installers of 5 people and one tower crane operator can install 300 sq.m. in a shift (8 hours). frame "KUB-2.5"

11. Economic justification

Reinforced concrete structures KUB-2.5 systems are not only rational, but also optimal due to the solutions embedded in them. Rationality is expressed in reasonably substantiated, thoughtful constructive solutions, providing a minimum number building materials(steel and concrete) and labor costs.

12. Saving materials:

• consumption of reinforced concrete in the frame (floor panels, columns, grouting joints) is: 0.179 m³ per 1 m² of floor area;
• steel consumption in reinforced concrete frame elements, incl. reinforcement and rolled, is: 14.3 kg per 1 m² of floor area.

Labor savings:

• construction labor costs - 0.51 people. hour per 1 m² of floor area;
• factory labor costs – 1.92 people. hour per 1 m² of floor area.

13. Construction of facilities in seismic areas.

Transom-less frame structures are intended for use in various regions of Russia, including areas with seismicity of 7-9 points.

14. Conclusions:

The universal crossbar-less frame “CUBE -2.5” is:

- economic efficiency due to low labor costs for installation and high speed of frame construction,

- saving on energy resources and the use of fixed assets, due to the speed of frame construction and reducing the operating time of tower cranes,

- low consumption of reinforced concrete per 1 sq.m. frame floors,

- savings on arrangement of foundations for buildings and structures.

15. Currently this technology applied in India on the construction of a 15-storey residential complex with an area of ​​90,000 m2 "Summer Palms", located in Bahadurgarh, pcs. Haryana, Ahluwalia Contracts India Limited (ASIL); customer – Umang Rialtek (Umang).

Done:

- joint design

- organization of a plant for the production of reinforced concrete products

- installation of supporting frame structures is underway

As well as objects completed with the participation of our company;

1. Two three-section residential buildings of variable number of floors (13-17 floors) with multi-level parking, Moscow, Vernadskogo Avenue, 10
2. Residential building (25 floors), Moscow, st. People's Militia, no. 33
3. Administrative buildings (5 floors), Moscow, st. Smirnovskaya, 25
4. Residential complex “At the height” (five residential buildings of varying number of storeys with a total area of ​​161,600 sq.m.), Moscow region, Korolev, Microdistrict No. 4
5. Three residential buildings (13 floors), Moscow region, Balashikha district, Entuziastov highway, property 87, building 1, 2, 3
6. Residential complex “Prince Golitsyn” (17 floors), Moscow region, Golitsyno, Zavodskoy Avenue, 12
7. Residential complex “Vega” (17 floors), Moscow region, Shchelkovo, Radio center No. 5, near house No. 7
8. Residential building (14 floors), Moscow region, Odintsovo district, village. Vlasikha
9. Two two- and three-section residential buildings (4 floors), Moscow region, Solnechnogorsk, Obukhovsky proezd, 4, 6
10. Residential building (17 floors), St. Petersburg, st. Sofia
11. Residential building with commercial premises and underground parking (17 floors), St. Petersburg, st. Ushinsky
12. Low-rise residential complex, St. Petersburg, st. Mezhozernaya, 16
13. Low-rise residential buildings, Leningrad region, Lomonosov district, village. Lebyazhye, st. Stepanyan, 10
14. Cottage village “New Shlisselburg”, Leningrad region, Kirovsky district, Shlisselburg, st. Red Trakt
15. Low-rise residential complex, Leningrad region, Kingisepp district, village. Ust-Luga, Lenryba quarter
16. Regional court building of variable number of floors (4-10 floors), Vladmimir, st. Razina, 22b
17. Residential building (10 floors), Vologda, Microdistrict "Razinsky"
18. Residential complex “Vysota” (16 floors), Vologda, Microdistrict “Mozhaisky”, 32 (according to the general plan)
19. Residential building (5 floors), village. Dubna

The use of the KUB-2.5 frame-prefabricated system in construction saves up to 28% of the total costs, which increases the profitability of the facility by approximately 60%.

Frame Unified Transomless “CUBE” is a building system, the main difference of which is the use of industrially manufactured building frame elements and their installation on the construction site. Developed by TsNIIEP housing back in Soviet times and improved by the authors of the development, who registered the invention at NPO "KUB", the prefabricated frame system is intended for the construction of buildings up to 25 floors high in 4 climatic zones with seismic resistance up to 9 points inclusive.

	Columns
		Wall panel in the ground (for water separation)

Analyzing building systems from the point of view of cost, planning capabilities, labor costs, speed of construction, architectural solutions, experts agree that in the next 5-7 years, industrial prefabricated frames will confidently occupy 35-40% of the market construction technologies, displacing large-panel and frame-monolithic schemes from the leading positions, not to mention construction from small-piece materials. The arguments are quite obvious:

Firstly, frame structures more versatile - they can be used in all types construction production- during the construction of residential and office buildings, industrial facilities, shopping and parking complexes;

secondly, the advantage of modern frame technologies the fact that they provide significantly greater freedom in the choice of architectural solutions;

thirdly, the efficiency of the prefabricated frame compared to traditional schemes, amounts to 22-28% of the total costs;

and, of course, the main indicator is a reduction in construction time, which allows the customer to quickly return the investment with a profit, and the consumer to celebrate a housewarming much earlier.

What is a prefabricated transomless frame?

Products of the KS "KUB-2.5" have a simple geometric shape and a minimum number of main standard sizes (4).

The frame consists of square columns 400x400 mm and flat floor panels 3x3m, 160 mm thick.

Depending on their location in plan, floor panels are divided into above-column, inter-column and middle.

The division of the floor is designed in such a way that the joints of the panels are located in zones where the magnitude of the bending moments is zero. The spatial rigidity of the structure is ensured by the monolithic connection of elements (floors and columns) and, if necessary, the inclusion of connections and diaphragms in the system.

Installation of structures is carried out in the following order:

Columns are mounted and embedded in foundation glasses;

Above-column panels are installed and welded to the column reinforcement;

Inter-column and middle panels are installed.

After installing the fasteners, the seams between the panels are sealed. At the same time, the joints of the above-column slabs with the columns are sealed along the entire floor at this level.

The design of column joints provides for forced installation, in which the fixing rod of the upper column must enter the nozzle of the lower column.

The assembly contains only assembly seams.

The structural building system "KUB-2.5" has been reviewed and recommended for use

The prefabricated transomless frame system has proven itself positively in more than 30 regions of Russia. The number of its supporters and development volumes are growing every year.