In modern construction, metal trusses from profile pipe. These structures are very often used when creating large premises, on large-scale construction sites, they are indispensable in the construction of rafter systems with a high degree of reliability, as well as when creating structures for the installation of spans of at least 10 m in length

Advantages

So, let's look at the basic advantages of using metal profile pipes when creating roof trusses:

• the design has high strength characteristics;
• endurance, increased performance properties;
• the metal profile makes the system lighter overall, and also saves time and physical resources;
• reasonable cost;
• deformation stability (minor deformations due to mechanical damage and when exposed to other unfavorable factors);
• suitability for coloring to achieve the desired aesthetic effect.

Scope of application

First of all, profile pipes are used to create frames from metal profiles, to create canopies and erect various buildings. With the help of such bulky structures you can protect a huge area from sun exposure, snow and rain. When constructing bridges, trusses made from massive profile pipes play a key role, and are also in great demand as reliable floors, which are used both in production-scale construction and in individual construction.

Metal structures have found widespread use in the creation of such important facilities as highways, power supply facilities, sports facilities and cultural buildings, etc.

Types of profile pipes

It is quite obvious that for a variety of building structures it is necessary to select the most suitable species profile pipes. You can quickly navigate the modern range of pipes on the websites of companies offering rolled metal products, for example here: http://www.rostov.spk.ru/sic/shop/_t_/g=metalloprokat/s=trubnyy-prokat/p=truba_profilnaya/ They will differ not only in profile shape and size, but also in the requirements that certain GOSTs impose on them.

Profile pipes are:

• square - have equal sides;
• rectangular - have different aspect ratios;
• oval - the most difficult to manufacture and therefore the most expensive.

It is extremely important to correctly select the parameters of the type of metal pipe that will be used in the structure of the farm.

For example, if the structure is small in size (no more than 4.5 m wide), then optimal parameters steel pipe for it will be 4x2cm with a profile thickness of 2-2.5mm.

If the structure is slightly larger (no more than 5.5 m in width), it is worth increasing the cross-section of the pipe 4x4x0.2 cm.

When building larger structures (more than 5m wide), you will need a profile of a larger section - from 4x4x0.3 cm or 6x3x0.2 cm.

By production method Rolled metal pipes are divided into the following types:

• electric welded;
• electric welded cold deformation;
• hot rolled;
• cold rolled.

Types of metal trusses

According to the shape of the structure, metal profile trusses can be divided into:

• straight;
• arched;
• single-pitched;
• gable;

A truss made of metal profiles stands apart among the numerous types of rafter systems. With parallel belts. Such trusses are the easiest to manufacture and install, because they are assembled from the same type of parts. There are few joints in such a system, it has unified properties and is often used as a basis for soft roof.

What is different about a lean-to farm? First of all, because it uses units of optimal rigidity, there are no long rods in the central part of the rafter structure, thus making it the most economical option.

For heavy buildings, a more complicated version is used - a polygonal truss. In this case, the profile is used very sparingly, while the design itself is durable and reliable.

When constructing a triangular metal truss, the profile, on the contrary, is consumed in an increased volume. However, this design is quite simple to manufacture and is suitable for creating roofs with a large slope. Support units of this design are of increased complexity.

All of the listed types of metal trusses can be successfully combined in one structure, for example, in the form of a hanging structure with an upper and lower chord.

Calculation and design

One of the most important stages When creating a particular structure, design and calculation are involved. At this stage, all the details are taken into account, which will subsequently allow the structure to remain strong and durable for a long time. Here it is important not to miscalculate and make mistakes when calculating the following indicators:

1. the magnitude of the load on the truss structure;
2. slope angle of the structure;
3. location of floors;
4. span length.

Based on the above design conditions, a competent and viable design project is created, designed to meet all the requirements placed on it. The main element of the project is the working drawing of the steel truss, as well as the specification of elements for it.

If your project includes gable roof, then there are only four truss options for it:

• standard version (triangle with rafter struts);
• a triangle with frontal notches;
• a structure made of pentagonal segments, the increased rigidity of which is provided by additional ribs;
• polygonal structure for spans over 24 m, designed for increased loads.

Thus, in order to correctly calculate and design a particular structure, it is necessary to first depict it schematically, with an exact indication of the magnitude of the roof slope and the length of the structure itself. These indicators are in clear relationship. Already at this stage you need to decide on the contour of the truss chords; this parameter is also closely related to functional features metal truss.

When determining the angle of the roof, do not forget to choose the covering material. It is also necessary to take into account the height and length of the structure, calculate the construction lift (for lengths over 36 m); determine the optimal parameters of the panels in accordance with the load and calculate the distances between nodes.

Basic elements of trusses

The components of metal structures made from profile pipes are:

• racks;
• braces;
• belts (upper, lower).

Racks and braces are integral elements for creating a lattice, and belts are responsible for the contours of the structure.

Connection nodes of structural elements are formed either by adjoining them to each other or created using gussets.

Metal truss design

When creating any metal truss, you need to remember that centering is always carried out taking into account the axial direction from the center of gravity. In this case, a reduction in the load on the nodal connections is achieved, and this approach also allows the rods to work under the main axial forces. It is somewhat easier to draw trusses from profile pipes due to the fact that their axes of inertia are located strictly in the center of the section.

The roof pitch angle is 22-30°. In this case, it is important to correctly calculate the height of the structure. The length of the truss span is divided by 5. This type of structure is lightweight, and lightness is its main advantage.

If in your diagram the span length is more than 14 m, then the best option a metal truss will be a structure in which the location of the braces goes from top to bottom. In this case, a panel 1.5-2.5 meters long is laid in the upper part, the total number of panels must be even, and the structure will be two-belt.

Often, in industrial and warehouse buildings, trusses with a length of 20 m are used. Such structures require the creation of rafter-type structures connected to each other by supporting columns.

The most common and easily erected structures are those consisting of several triangular trusses connected to each other by a tie. This option is designed to lighten the overall weight of the bulky structure and avoid the formation of long braces in its central part. The ceiling of such a truss is fixed with a tightening on the upper node of the belt.

The roof pitch angle is 15-22°. The height of the structure is calculated differently here. The span length is divided by 7, and the length of the truss should not exceed 20 m. Otherwise, tightening will be needed, and the lower chord is made using a broken shape.

The roof pitch angle is less than 15°. This is the minimum amount of slope, and the most suitable shape for such a slope would be a trapezoidal truss. To calculate its height, divide the span length by 7-9 (depending on the slope).

If the truss is installed in the form of braces, then it is quite possible to use a triangular lattice.

Manufacturing

In order for the design to ultimately be durable and have high quality performance properties, it is important to manufacture it in compliance with a clear sequence of necessary actions.

Here are the basic rules that must be followed to achieve optimal results:

1. The assembly and fastening of truss elements is carried out using tacks or paired corners;
2. In the creation of the upper belt, two versatile T-angles are involved, joining each other with the smallest sides;
3. When creating the bottom belt, only equilateral corners are used.
4. If the truss is very large and has a significant length, then its elements are connected using special overhead plates, as well as paired channels so that the load on the structure is distributed evenly.
5. Installation of braces must be carried out at an angle close to 45°, racks - strictly 90°. Both of them are fastened using cross-shaped equilateral angles (or T-angles).
6. Brands are most suitable for the manufacture of all-welded systems.

Only after completing the assembly of the structure, welding (manual or automatic) can be performed using tacks, after which it is necessary to clean all the seams. Finally, the structure is completely subject to treatment with a special anti-corrosion compound and painting.

If all the rules described above were taken into account when constructing a metal truss, then there is a high probability that it will meet all the requirements of state standards and safety standards.

The load-bearing capacity of a truss directly depends on its height, and this is important to remember when creating a project and making drawings of joint connections. Metal profile pipes are the lightest, most economical and least expensive option for creating structures with high strength, which is why they have become the optimal means for creating rafter systems of large and small sizes.

When building a large area, great attention should be paid to the strength of the roof. For this purpose, trusses are used during covering.

Correct calculation and production of trusses from profile pipes is the main condition high-quality installation future roof.

The article presents step-by-step instruction with video materials on how to build a structure with your own hands.

What is this metal structure?

Also, a metal truss made from profiled pipes is an ideal ceiling for a span of any length, but in order to install it correctly you will need to make competent calculations.

High-quality manufacturing of the structure using welding is carried out on the ground and only after that is transferred upstairs and mounted already assembled along the top trim according to the previously installed markings.

Only in this case can we talk about the reliability of the structure and its long service life. Farms spatial view need to be secured because the structure is rigid and can bear high loads.

Important points when making calculations

Before you start making calculations, you need to decide which type of roof will be optimal in this case. The choice directly depends on its size and the slope of the roof itself.

The choice may also depend on the contour of the belts. All of the above components depend on functionality structure, floor material and roof slope angle. .

Next you need to decide on the sizes. The length is determined by the angle of the roof, and its height depends on the type of material that will be used for the roof, the method of transportation and total mass metal structures.

If the calculation of a truss made from a profile pipe shows that its total length should be more than 36 meters, then the construction lift is additionally calculated.

Next, the dimensions of the panels are determined. The calculations depend on the load that, according to the plan, should be placed on it. If the roof architecture is planned to be triangular, then its bevel will be 45 degrees.

The final stage of the calculations is to determine the optimal distance between the nodes of the metal structure.

If you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculations to specialists who own special computer programs and can guarantee the quality of the services provided.

Before starting construction, it is worth rechecking all the results several times, taking into account possible maximum load mood. Also remember that in addition to calculations, the quality of installation is influenced by the availability of planning drawings.

And now we will present you a few free programs which can be used for calculations.

The process of connecting individual elements with your own hands

After the welding is completed, all the resulting seams are carefully cleaned, after which the entire structure is treated with an anti-corrosion solution and covered with several layers of paint.

In order to reduce the pressure of the structure with a minimum roof slope, it is better to use additional gratings. If the slope is no more than 25 degrees, then to reduce weight it is recommended to make a broken-shaped lower belt.

When making a long truss, use only pairs of panels. And if its length exceeds two tens of meters, then it is advisable to use Polonceau trusses.

The choice of profile diameter is determined by the size of the future canopy and the degree of its slope, but in any case, the distance from one farm to another should not exceed 1.7 m.

Construction of an arched truss

To cover a lean-to canopy, it is better to use polycarbonate sheets two meters wide. The structure must be assembled in such a way that the edge roofing material I ended up on the farm.

Today there is a large number of programs that allow you not only to carry out all the necessary calculations, but also to clearly see each element of the future construction. After all, she will become good decision for creating summer veranda or a summer garage for personal vehicles.

During the construction process, it is recommended to use a profile with a cross-sectional diameter of 3x3 cm, and for inclined struts that are welded at an angle of 25 degrees, you can use samples with a smaller cross-sectional diameter of 2x2 cm. They are welded in a zigzag between the upper and lower base of the building.

The basis of the metal frame is a pair of profiles with a cross-section of 3x3 cm. Between the trusses it is mandatory to use half-meter longitudinal jumpers, which are aimed at reducing the snow load.

For vertical racks a profile with a larger cross-section is used. Racks are installed on both sides near each truss. They are buried at least half a meter into the ground and additionally filled with concrete. Thus, the frame is strengthened and becomes able to withstand great pressure.

Please note that to welding work You can only allow a person who has the appropriate education and experience as a welder, since the operational characteristics of the canopy depend on his professionalism.

In any case, the manufacture of trusses from any type of profile pipe and their use is important point in the construction of canopies of any type, so it would be a good idea to study several manufacturing schemes from photographs and view an example of calculation for any shape. After which you can begin your calculations.

Metal trusses- These are rod systems consisting of belts and gratings. Thanks to the stiffening ribs, such structures do not deform even when bearing significant loads. Depending on the complexity of the form, they can be manufactured directly at the construction site or in specialized production facilities. A popular material for the manufacture of truss structures is a profile pipe of square or rectangular cross-section.

Materials for profile pipes

For the manufacture of profile pipes that can be used in truss structures, various metals and alloys are used:

• in general– carbon steels of ordinary quality;
• for critical structures– high-quality carbon, low-alloy, and less commonly, corrosion-resistant steels;
• for use in highly aggressive environments– made of carbon steel coated with a protective zinc layer (galvanized);
• if it is necessary to create lightweight truss structures– light and durable aluminum-based alloys.

Tubular products of small sections are supplied for sale in sections up to 6 m long, large sections – up to 12 m. The wall thickness and section size are selected depending on the planned loads:

• for spans no more than 4.5 m– 40x20 mm with a wall thickness of 2 mm;
• 4.5-5.5 m – 40x40 mm with a wall thickness of 2 mm;
• more than 5.5 m– 40x40x3 mm or 60x30 with a wall of 2-3 mm.

Types of truss structures made from profile pipes

The truss structure includes the upper and lower chords and the lattice located between them. The components of the lattice are:

• rack– located perpendicular to the axis;
• brace (brace)– installed at an angle to the axis;
• truss– auxiliary brace.

Truss belts can have different shapes:

• Triangular lean-to. A triangular single-pitch truss made from a profile pipe is characterized by a combination of the ability to withstand high loads and low material consumption.

• Triangular gable. Such structures can be installed on roofs with a large slope. Disadvantages: complexity of the design of support units, high consumption material. The design option is triangular gable trusses made of profile pipes.

• Segmental. It is often used for the construction of roofs with a translucent coating made of cellular or monolithic polycarbonate.

• Polygonal. It is difficult to install. The advantage is the ability to withstand significant loads from heavy flooring and heavy snow cover. An additional advantage is the economical use of the profile.
• With parallel belts. This is the simplest and most economical option, for the assembly of which racks and braces of the same dimensions are used. Trusses made of profile pipes with parallel chords are easy to install, thanks to a unified design, a large number of parts of the same size and a minimum number of joints. Suitable for soft and translucent roofs.

• Trapezoid. Similar to polygonal, but has a simplified installation scheme.
• Arched with parallel upper and lower chords. Arched trusses made of profile pipes are in demand in the construction of carports, greenhouses, and gazebos.

Grating design options:

• Triangular shape. Typically, this scheme is used in frames with parallel chords, less often in truss structures of triangular or trapezoidal shapes.
• Diagonal type. They are characterized by high material consumption and complexity of execution. Options – trussed (with additional braces), semi-braced.
• Individual solutions.

Choosing a truss, depending on the slope of the slope

The choice of design option is largely determined by the slope of the slope:

• 22-30°. To form slopes with a significant slope, triangular trusses are usually used. Their height is the span length divided by 5.
• 15-22°. Height accepted equal to length span divided by 7. To increase the height of the truss structure, options with a broken bottom chord are used.
• Up to 15°. Typically, trapezoidal frames with a triangular lattice are used. The height of the truss block in such cases is determined by dividing the span length by a number ranging from 7 to 9.

Calculations of trusses made of steel profile pipes

Floor truss- a critical structural element, before its manufacture it is necessary to carry out calculations and draw up a project. The calculation work must be entrusted to a specialist, since correct design trusses made of profile pipes largely determine the functionality of not only the roof, but also the entire structure. If you have certain knowledge and create small objects, you can use special computer programs “Autocad”, 3D MAX, Arcon.

Design stages

• The size of the span of the building, the shape of the roof, and the slope of the slopes are determined. This takes into account the planned roofing material, snow and wind loads characteristic of a given region, and the type of soil. Also taken into account are the likely special loads that a truss made of profile pipes may experience - storms, hurricanes, earthquakes.
• Taking into account the parameters adopted above, the structural type of the truss is selected.
• After approximately determining the dimensions and design, the manufacturing option is determined - in a factory, on-site assembly from blanks ordered at the enterprise, or full cycle procurement and assembly activities at the construction site.

Useful tips for making your own trusses from profile pipes

• To facilitate structures used for constructing roofs with minimum slope stingrays, use additional gratings.
• To reduce the weight of frames installed to organize slopes with a range of inclination angles of 15-22°, the lower belt is made broken.
• For purlin lengths of 20 m or more, Polonso frames are used, consisting of two triangular structures connected by a screed. This design option allows you to avoid installation in a long brace.
• In general, the distance between truss structures should not exceed 1.75 m.
• When choosing pipes for difficult operating conditions, it is necessary to take into account the grade of steel from which they are made. For regions with cold climates, pipe products made from low-alloy steels are used, which exhibit high resistance to low temperatures. Where there is a high corrosion risk, galvanized products should be used.

The main stages of work on the manufacture and installation of trusses from profile pipes

Procurement, assembly and installation work must be carried out by specialists with the appropriate knowledge, skills and tools. It is important to determine what work can be done below and what work can be done after lifting the rod structure to the installation site, and whether special construction equipment will be needed.

The process of installing trusses from profile pipes during the construction of a canopy and other frame structures includes the following activities:

• Clearing, leveling and marking the site.
• Installation of metal vertical supports with deepening and concreting.
• Tack welding and subsequent welding of cross braces.
• Assembly and welding of truss blanks from profile pipes according to a pre-planned pattern.
• Lifting the assembled truss blocks to the installation site.
• Welding to installed lintel blocks with holes intended for fastening roofing material.
• Cleaning welds, especially on the upper edges of the frame.
• Degreasing of metal construction elements. When using a non-galvanized profile, its surface is primed and painted, which can significantly extend the service life.

Profile pipe trusses

Metal trusses from a profile pipe are metal structures, the assembly of which is carried out using lattice metal rods. Their production is a rather complex and time-consuming process, but the result usually lives up to expectations. An important advantage is the cost-effectiveness of the resulting design. In the production process, paired metal and gussets are often used as connecting metal parts. The further assembly process is based on riveting or welding.

Advantages of metal structures

A metal truss has many advantages. With their help, you can easily cover a span of any length. However, it should be understood that correct installation requires an initial competent calculation of a truss made from a profile pipe. In this case, you can be confident in the quality of the created metal structure. It is also worth adhering to the planned plans, drawings and markings so that the product turns out in accordance with the requirements.

The benefits of the product do not end there. The following advantages can be highlighted:

Structural features of trusses

A truss made from a profile pipe has characteristic features that should be remembered in advance. The division can be based on certain parameters. The main value is the number of belts. The following types can be distinguished:

The second important parameter, without which a truss drawing cannot be created, is the contours and shape. Depending on the latter, straight, gable or single-pitch, arched trusses can be distinguished. Along the contour, you can also divide metal structures into several options. The first is designs with a parallel belt. They are considered optimal solution to create a soft roof. Metal support is extremely simple, and its components are identical, the dimensions of the grille coincide with the rods, making installation an easy job.

The second option is single-pitched metal structures. They are based on rigid components that provide resistance to external loads. The creation of such a design is characterized by economical material and correspondingly low costs. The third type is polygonal farms. They are distinguished by their long duration and sufficient complex installation, and the advantage is the ability to withstand heavy weight. The fourth option is triangular trusses made of profile pipes. They are used if you plan to create a metal truss with a large angle of inclination, but the disadvantage will be the presence of waste after construction.

The next important parameter is the angle of inclination. Depending on it, metal trusses made of profile pipes are divided into three main groups. The first group includes metal structures with an inclination angle of 22-30 degrees. In this case, the length and height of the product are represented by a ratio of 1:5. Among the advantages of such a metal structure is its low weight. Most often, metal triangular trusses are created this way.

In this case, it may be necessary to use braces mounted from top to bottom if the span height exceeds 14 meters. In the upper chord there will be a panel 150-250 cm long. As a result, a structure with two belts and an even number of panels will be obtained. Provided that the span is more than 20 meters, a sub-rafter metal structure should be installed, connecting it with support columns.

The second group includes farms from square pipes or from corrugated pipes and other varieties, if the angle of inclination is 15-22 degrees. The ratio of height and length reaches 1:7. The maximum length of the frame should not exceed 20 meters. If it is necessary to increase the height, additional procedures are required, for example, a broken belt is created.

The third group includes metal structures with an inclination angle of less than 15 degrees. In these projects, a trapezoidal rafter system is used. They have additionally short stands. This makes it possible to increase resistance to longitudinal deflection. If a pitched roof is installed, the angle of inclination of which reaches 6-10 degrees, it is necessary to consider an asymmetrical shape. The division of the span can vary depending on the design features, and can reach seven, eight or nine parts.

Separately, there is a Polonceau farm, which is assembled with your own hands. It is represented by two triangular trusses, which are connected by a tie. This eliminates the installation of long braces that would have to be located in the middle panels. As a result, the weight of the structure will be optimal.

How to calculate the canopy correctly?

The calculation and manufacture of trusses from profile pipes should be based on the basic requirements specified in SNiP. When making calculations, it is important to draw up a drawing of the product, without which subsequent installation will be impossible. Initially, you should prepare a diagram that will indicate the main relationships between the roof slope and the length of the structure as a whole. In particular, the following should be taken into account:

1. Contour of support belts. They will help determine the purpose of the metal structure, the angle of inclination and the type of roof.
2. When selecting, it is necessary to follow the principle of economy, unless the requirements suggest the opposite.
3. Dimensions are calculated taking into account the loads on the structure. It is important to remember that the angles of the rafters may vary, but the panel must match them.
4. The last calculation concerns the spacing between nodes. Most often it is chosen to match the width of the panel.

It should be remembered that increasing the height with your own hands will lead to an increase in bearing capacity. In this case, the snow cover will not be retained on the roof. To further strengthen the metal structure, you will have to install stiffeners. To determine the dimensions of the farm, you should be guided by the following data:

• structures up to 4.5 meters wide are assembled from parts with dimensions of 40x20x2 mm;
• products with a width of 5.5 meters are created from components measuring 40x40x2 mm;
• if the width of the structure exceeds 5.5 meters, it is optimal to choose parts 40x40x3 mm or 60x30x2 mm.

Next, you need to calculate the pitch; for this, take into account the distance from one to the next canopy support. Often it is standard and reaches 1.7 meters. If you break this unspoken rule, the strength of the structure may be somewhat compromised. After all the required parameters have been calculated, it is necessary to obtain a design diagram. To do this, use a program to achieve the required strength. Most programs have a name similar to the process they execute. You can choose the program “Calculation of Truss”, “Calculation of Trusses 1.0” and other similar ones.

When calculating, be sure to take into account the cost of one ton of metal in the purchase, as well as the cost of manufacturing the metal structure itself, that is, the cost of welding, treatment with an anti-corrosion compound and installation. Now it remains to figure out how to weld a truss from a profile pipe.

In order for truss welding to be of high quality, it is necessary to follow a number of recommendations. Among them are the following:

In order for the design to turn out in accordance with the requirements, it is important to adhere to a certain operating algorithm. Initially, the site is marked. To do this, vertical supports and embedded parts are installed. If necessary, metal profile pipes can be immediately placed in the pits and concreted. The installation of vertical supports is checked with a plumb line, and to check parallelism, the cord is pulled.

Video on the topic:

The next step is to fix the metal profile pipes by welding. The products are welded to the supports. Truss elements and assemblies are welded on the ground, and then secured using jumpers and braces. The next step is to lift the metal beams to a height, weld them with profile pipes and supports, weld in the jumpers and create holes for fasteners in them. Finally, the elements are cleaned and the structure is prepared for roofing and painting.

Profile pipe trusses

Metal structures consisting of lattice rods and a profile pipe are called trusses. For production, paired material is used, connected by special scarves. To assemble such a structure, welding is mainly used, but riveting is sometimes used.

The truss helps to cover any span. Length doesn't matter much. But in order to correctly perform such installation, competent calculation is required. If the welding work is completed efficiently and the plan is made without errors, all that remains is to deliver the pipe assemblies to the top. Then install them according to the top trim, strictly according to the markings.

Frame material

Canopies can be made from a variety of materials:

However, in most cases, the truss frame is made of a special profile pipe. This hollow structure differs from others in its high strength and simultaneous lightness. The cross-section of such a pipe can be:

1. Rectangle;
2. Square;
3. Oval;
4. Polyhedron.

For welding, trusses most often use a rectangular or square cross-section. This profile is less labor-intensive to process.

The maximum loads that a pipe can withstand depend on several factors:

• Wall thickness;
• Type of steel;
• Preparation method.

Profile metal pipes are made from special structural steel (1-3ps/sp, 1-2ps(sp)). Sometimes, when certain circumstances arise, galvanized steel or low-alloy alloys are used.

Pipes with a small cross-section are available in lengths of 6 meters. The length of large sections reaches 12 meters. The diameter of the pipe can be very different. The following are considered minimal:

The thicker the wall, the higher the strength of the profile. For example, products with very large dimensions (300x300x12 mm) are mainly used for the construction of industrial buildings.

Dimensions of frame parts

Small-sized canopies, the width of which is less than 4.5 meters, are made of profile pipe with dimensions 40x20x2 mm.

With a width of about 5.5 m, craftsmen advise installing a pipe with a cross-section of 40x40x2 mm.

If the length of the canopy is large, it is recommended to use pipes:

What to pay attention to when calculating

Before you start calculating the pipe cross-section, you need to determine optimal view roofs. The choice is influenced by its dimensions, the angle of the roof and the contour of the belts.

These above components depend on several conditions:

• Functionality of the building;
• What material are the floors made of?
• Roof slope angle.

Then the dimensions of the pipe are determined. Depending on the angle of inclination, the length is selected. Determination of the height is influenced by the brand of material from which the ceiling will be made.

The dimensions of the pipe also depend on the method of transportation and the total weight of the entire metal structure.

In the case where the calculation of a truss made from a profile pipe has determined that the length will exceed 36 meters, it is necessary to additionally calculate the construction lift.

Then the dimensions of the panels are determined. All calculations are based on the load that the structure must withstand. For a triangular roof, the slope should reach 45 degrees.

The calculation is completed by determining the exact distance between the elements of the metal structure from the profile pipe.

It is quite difficult to accurately plan everything in numbers without special knowledge. Therefore, it is better to turn to professionals who will carry it out on a computer. They always guarantee high quality of your services.

Before starting construction, it is worth checking all calculations again, taking into account the maximum load that the structure can experience.

Free calculation programs

The website http://rama.sopromat.org/2009/?gmini=off offers to calculate the truss using an online program using the finite element method. This calculator can be used by students and engineers. The program has a clear interface that will help you quickly complete necessary actions. The calculation can also be done partially using a free program on the website http://sopromatguru.ru/raschet-balki.php

In what sequence are the works performed?

To assemble the frame, you must use the services of an experienced welder. Assembling a farm is considered a very responsible task. You must be able to cook competently and understand truss welding technology.

It is very important to know exactly which units are best assembled at the bottom, and then lifted and secured to supports. To work with a heavy structure, you will have to use special equipment.

• First, the area is marked;
• Embedded parts are mounted;
• Vertical supports are being installed.

Quite often, metal pipes are lowered into a trench and then filled with concrete. A plumb line is used to check the verticality of the installation. To control parallelism, a cord is pulled between the last posts. All others are set according to the received line.

By welding, longitudinal pipes are welded to the supports.

The truss parts are welded on the ground. The belts of the structure are connected by jumpers and special braces. Then the finished blocks are raised to a certain height. They are welded to the laid pipes in the places where vertical supports are installed.

Longitudinal jumpers are welded between the trusses directly along the slope so that the roofing material can be fixed. Mounting holes are made in advance in the jumpers.

The connecting areas are well cleaned. This is especially true for the upper part of the frame, on which the roof will then be applied. Then the surface of the profiles is processed. Performed:

Entrance door and canopy

To calculate the dimensions of the cantilever canopy, you need to take into account the size of the porch. According to established standards, the size of the upper platform must necessarily exceed the width of the door (1.5 times). With a blade width of 900 mm, it turns out: 900 x 1.5 = 1350 mm. This should be the depth of the roof located above the entrance. In this case, the width of the canopy must exceed the width of the steps by 300 millimeters on both sides.

Cantilever awnings are most often installed over the entire area of ​​the porch. They should cover the steps. The number of steps affects the size of the roof depth. The average value is determined according to the established SNiP standards: 250-320 mm. The size of the upper platform is added to this size. Moreover, the width of the canopy has a regulated value. The width of the steps is taken within the range (800-1200 millimeters), and 300 mm is added to it on two opposite sides.

• Standard cantilever visor – 900-1350 mm by 1400-1800 mm.
• Cantilever-supported canopy over the porch, example of calculation for 3 steps and a platform: depth (900/1350 + 3*250/320) = 1650 – 2410 mm, width 800/1200 + 300 + 300 = 1400-1500 mm.

How are verandas calculated?

Typically such structures are located along the wall of a building. Several types of structures remain relevant for them:

The smallest depth is 1200 mm. 2000 mm is considered ideal. This distance corresponds to the location of the support pillar.

The calculation of the roof according to the perpendicular will look like 2000+300 mm. However flat roof more suitable for areas where precipitation is minimal.

If the slope angle = 30 o. the leg adjacent to it (perpendicular depth of the canopy roof) is 2300 mm, the second angle is 60 degrees. Let's take the 2nd leg as X, it lies opposite the angle of 30 degrees. and according to the theorem is equal to half the hypotenuse, hence the hypotenuse is equal to 2*X, we substitute the data into the formula:

(2*X) 2 = 2300 2 + X 2

4*X 2 - X 2 = 5290000

X 2 (4-1) = 5290000

X = √1763333, (3) = 1327 mm – leg that will be adjacent to the wall of the house.

Calculation of the hypotenuse (roof length with slope):

C 2 = 1327 2 + 2300 2 = 1763333 + 5290000 = 7053333

C = √7053333 = 2656 mm, we check: the leg lying opposite the angle of 30 o is equal to half the hypotenuse = 1327*2 = 2654, therefore, the calculation is correct.

From here we calculate the total height of the canopy: 2000-2400 mm is the minimum ergonomic height, we calculate it taking into account the slope: 2000/2400 + 1327 = 3327/3737 mm – the height of the canopy wall near the house.

How to calculate parking

Typically, beam structures are installed. To make a canopy for your car with your own hands, you must first make a drawing, which should take into account the class of the car. The width of the parking lot should be equal to the size of the car, plus one meter on both sides. If two cars are parked, it is necessary to take into account the distance between them - 0.8 meters.

An example of calculating a canopy for a middle-class car, width – 1600-1750 mm, length – 4200-4500 mm:

1600/1750 + 1000 + 1000 = 3600/3750 mm – canopy width;

4200/4500 + 300 +300 = 4800/5100 mm – ergonomic length so that precipitation does not flood the site.

Calculation of the width of the canopy for two cars:

3600/3750 + 800 = 4400/4550 mm.

Gazebos

Usually such a canopy is made in the depths personal plot. These structures are installed on a foundation, which can be:

The choice of foundation type is influenced by the size of the building, as well as the nature of the soil. These values ​​must be shown on the drawing. The installed gazebo can have several sizes:

To independently calculate such a structure, to design a drawing, you need to take into account several parameters.

For one person to relax comfortably, 1.6-2 square meters is required. meter of floor area.

When installing a barbecue directly under a canopy, the recreation area should be separated from it by a free area. Its width is 1000-1500 mm.

The width of a comfortable seat is 400-450 mm.

Table dimensions 800x1200. The calculation is per person (600 -800 mm). For a large number of people, the size can reach 1200x2400 mm.

Calculation and production of metal trusses from profile pipes

Metal trusses made from profile pipes are indispensable in construction trade pavilions, sports complexes, warehouses, industrial buildings.

In private households they can be used when constructing a roof or canopy.

These metal products are often used in individual construction, while few non-specialists know how to calculate a truss from a profile pipe.

Purpose of farms

Farm is horizontal frame construction site, the “skeleton” of the floor. Farms are made from straight lines metal pipes, connecting them at nodes rigidly or using hinges.

In the end it turns out suspended structure. As a rule, this roofing part consists of upper and lower chords connected by braces and posts.

Such systems cover large spans. They are cheaper than beams and help reduce construction costs. This is how bridges, factories, stadiums, and shopping centers are built.

Metal systems are sold in finished form. For a private owner, this is extremely convenient, since in this case all the calculations have already been made.

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Profile pipes are made of carbon and alloy steel. Products domestic production have a cross-section from 1×1 cm to 50×40 cm and are made of metal with a thickness of 0.1 to 2.2 cm. The length of the pipes is from 6 to 18 meters.

If the length of the truss exceeds 10 meters, then not only the rafters must be metal, but also the ridge supports with a Mauerlat.

The disadvantages of rafters made from profiled pipes include high cost and significant weight.

Manufacturing of rafter products

When manufacturing a system from LGSK, the main ties are made by grabbing the pipes with double angles.

Jumpers and braces are mounted to the upper chord using angles with unequal sides, joining them along the short side.

The parts of the lower belt are also joined at corners with unequal sides. The main elements are connected using overhead plates.

Let's take a closer look at the production of trusses from a profile pipe using the welded method.

If you do not know how to weld a truss from a profile pipe, because you have never dealt with welding at all, then you will have to contact a specialist, since roof truss- not a design that you can “train your hand” on. The strength of the roof depends on the quality of the seams on the truss.

It is better to make trusses from rectangular or square pipes, since the ribs they have will provide the structure with good stability.

The roof truss must be made only from steel that is resistant to oxidation and other aggressive atmospheric factors.

The thickness of the metal and the cross-section of the pipe must correspond to the parameters laid down in the project. Compliance with these conditions will provide the truss structure with the required load-bearing capacity.

Every Weld checked for quality, since reliability will depend on it future design.

When the welding of the profile pipe trusses is completed, all that remains is to treat the seams with an anti-corrosion compound and cover them with paint.

Stages of welding a roofing system made of metal profile pipes:

1. align the upper and lower belts;
2. weld jumpers between the belts;
3. On the structure of two belts and jumpers located at an angle of 90°, braces are welded - sections of pipe cut at an angle.

The first truss can be used as a template for making the rest.

Tip: It is most convenient to cut a metal profile at an angle using a cutting machine. You can rent such a device or make it yourself from an angle grinder.

For a small amount of work, for example, when making a system for a canopy or gate, you can simply cut a metal profile with a grinder.

After completing the welding, all that remains is to lift the structure up and secure it along the top trim according to the marked lines.

To lift a system of profile pipes to a height, you will have to use lifting mechanisms: crane or winch. The slings are secured to the nodes of the upper belt in 2 or 4 places.

For temporary fastening, paired braces are placed at an angle to the horizon of no more than 45 degrees. Then the pipes are welded to the columns, after first checking the verticality of the system.

Welding metal profile pipes is another hot topic. For connection metal-plastic pipes You can use manual, arc and gas welding.

Since profile pipes are made of carbon and low-alloy steel (stainless steel is rarely used), they can be welded using conventional technologies.

Any types of lattice structures, including roof trusses, are made of steel with a thickness of no more than 1 cm. The length of the connections should not exceed 40 cm.

The welded joints of the truss are located differently in space, so it is convenient to perform welding semi-automatically with a hose, wire filled with flux, or wire with self-shielding.

In individual construction, manual welding with separate electrodes is used. Automatic welding is not economical to use.

In serial production, contact is used spot welding with increasing pressure. Experts do not recommend making connections intermittently.

First of all, the joining seams are welded, and then the corner seams. This order avoids metal tension in the assembly.

If the seams are located close to each other, then before making the second seam the metal must be cooled to prevent plastic deformation.

The nodes are welded starting from the middle. First, sutures of a larger section are applied, then smaller ones. Each element of the system is grabbed from both sides.

The length of the connection should not be less than 3 cm, the leg of the connection should not be less than 0.5 cm. The clamps and the weld must be made of the same material - this is necessary to ensure constant metal tension in the seam.

Construction technologies are developing rapidly. Until recently, buildings were built only from stone or wood, but now there is a demand for structures that can be erected as quickly as possible.

This can be done using profiled metal pipes and modern materials: polycarbonate, plastic, profiled sheets, board insulation.

Without metal trusses made from profile pipes, the construction of such structures would be impossible.

Making trusses from a profile pipe with your own hands

When building a large area, great attention should be paid to the strength of the roof. For this purpose, trusses are used during covering.

Correct calculation and production of trusses from profile pipes is the main condition for high-quality installation of a future roof.

The article provides step-by-step instructions with video materials on how to build a structure with your own hands.

What is this metal structure?

The manufacturing process of the structure is quite labor-intensive, but more economical compared to the use of solid beams.

In construction, a pair of components is used, which are connected to each other by means of scarves. And all the components of this metal structure are connected to each other either using a welding machine or with special rivets.

Thus, we can conclude that this structure is a kind of frame (or skeleton) of the future structure, sheathed on the outside with facing material.

Also, a metal truss made from profiled pipes is an ideal ceiling for a span of any length, but in order to install it correctly you will need to make competent calculations.

High-quality manufacturing of the structure using welding is carried out on the ground and only after that is transferred upstairs and mounted already assembled along the top trim according to the previously installed markings.

Only in this case can we talk about the reliability of the structure and its long service life. Three-dimensional trusses need to be secured because the structure is rigid and can bear high loads.

Important points when making calculations

Before you start making calculations, you need to decide which type of roof will be optimal in this case. The choice directly depends on its size and the slope of the roof itself.

The choice may also depend on the contour of the belts. All of the above components depend on the functionality of the structure, the floor material and the roof slope angle. You can calculate the total weight of the frame using our online calculator.

Next you need to decide on the sizes. The length is determined by the angle of the roof, and its height depends on the type of material that will be used for the ceiling, the method of transportation and the total weight of the metal structure.

If the calculation of a truss made from a profile pipe shows that its total length should be more than 36 meters, then the construction lift is additionally calculated.

Next, the dimensions of the panels are determined. The calculations depend on the load that, according to the plan, should be placed on it. If the roof architecture is planned to be triangular, then its bevel will be 45 degrees.

The final stage of the calculations is to determine the optimal distance between the nodes of the metal structure.

If you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the calculations to specialists who own special computer programs and can guarantee the quality of the services provided.

Before starting construction, it is worth rechecking all the results several times, taking into account the possible maximum load on the structure. Also remember that in addition to calculations, the quality of installation is influenced by the availability of planning drawings.

And now we will present you with several free programs that you can use for calculations.

On this site you will find a free online program for calculating beams and trusses using the finite element method. This calculator is perfect for both students and engineers. The intuitive interface of the calculator will help you perform all the necessary actions without any problems.

You can also use the following program.

Being here, with its help you can also perform all the necessary actions. Please note that this program is partially free.

You can also download a free desktop program from our website to do all the calculations yourself. This program does not require installation and has an intuitive interface. Download ferm06.rar

The process of connecting individual elements with your own hands

Making a truss from a profile pipe with your own hands involves, in the process of combining all the components, the use of such connecting elements as a paired corner or a tack.

When assembling the upper chord, the optimal connecting element is considered to be a pair of T-angles that are connected to each other with the smaller side. The lower belt is connected by corners with straight sides.

In the case of connecting large trusses, overhead plates are necessarily used, and in order to evenly distribute the pressure throughout the structure, double channels are used.

The installation of the braces is carried out at an angle of 45 degrees, while the racks are mounted perpendicular to the base. To install the truss, cross-shaped or T-angles are used as connectors, which, although they have straight sides, are additionally supported by plates.

Once the structure has been assembled, you can proceed to welding work. How to weld a truss from a profile pipe? Welcome as use manual welding, and automatic, but here you can watch video lessons on how to weld professional pipes.

Video

After the welding is completed, all the resulting seams are carefully cleaned, after which the entire structure is treated with an anti-corrosion solution and covered with several layers of paint.

In order to reduce the pressure of the structure with a minimum roof slope, it is better to use additional gratings. If the slope is no more than 25 degrees, then to reduce weight it is recommended to make a broken-shaped lower belt.

When making a long truss, use only pairs of panels. And if its length exceeds two tens of meters, then it is advisable to use Polonceau trusses.

The choice of profile diameter is determined by the size of the future canopy and the degree of its slope, but in any case, the distance from one farm to another should not exceed 1.7 m.

Construction of an arched truss

When planning the manufacture of an arched frame, the use of trusses is prerequisite. Its production from a profile pipe using technology is somewhat more complicated than creating a conventional frame.

These designs serve link for logs, pillars and supports. If it is assembled correctly, this will add reliability to it and prevent its premature destruction and deformation.

Making arched trusses from a profile pipe is the best solution, since this material is durable and fits well with the polycarbonate sheets that are used for the ceiling.

Watch the video

When choosing a design, you need to take into account the fact that for the canopy it is important to use a shape that will not retain precipitation.

Otherwise large cluster water or snow can cause deformation or even breakage. The size of the radius of the arch determines whether precipitation will be retained on it.

Single-pitch types made from a profile pipe are often used to create a canopy. Its peculiarity is that the higher side of such a canopy is attached to the main construction site. Its coating is selected based on external characteristics and design features.

Let's take a closer look at the design of a lean-to canopy, for which a 12-meter lean-to truss made from a profile pipe will be used; design drawings should also be attached to calculations and other construction documentation.

To cover a lean-to canopy, it is better to use polycarbonate sheets two meters wide. The structure must be assembled in such a way that the edge of the roofing material falls exactly on the truss.

Today there are a large number of programs that allow you not only to carry out all the necessary calculations, but also to clearly see each element of the future building. After all, it will be a good solution for creating a summer veranda or a summer garage for personal vehicles.

Video

During the construction process, it is recommended to use a profile with a cross-sectional diameter of 3x3 cm, and for inclined struts that are welded at an angle of 25 degrees, you can use samples with a smaller cross-sectional diameter of 2x2 cm. They are welded in a zigzag between the upper and lower base of the building.

The basis of the metal frame is a pair of profiles with a cross-section of 3x3 cm. Between the trusses it is mandatory to use half-meter longitudinal jumpers, which are aimed at reducing the snow load.

For vertical posts, a profile with a larger cross-section is used. Racks are installed on both sides near each truss. They are buried at least half a meter into the ground and additionally filled with concrete. Thus, the frame is strengthened and becomes able to withstand great pressure.

Video

Please note that only a person who has the appropriate education and experience as a welder can be allowed to carry out welding work, since the operational characteristics of the canopy depend on his professionalism.

In any case, the manufacture of trusses from profile pipes of any type and their use is an important point in the construction of canopies of any type, so it would be a good idea to study several manufacturing schemes from photographs and view an example calculation for any shape. After which you can begin your calculations.

In various branches of construction, trusses made of profile pipes are often used. Such trusses are structurally metal structures consisting of individual rods and having a lattice shape. Trusses differ from structures made from solid beams by being less expensive and more labor intensive. To connect profile pipes, both the welding method and rivets can be used.

Metal profile trusses are suitable for creating any spans, regardless of their length - but for this to be possible, the structure must be calculated with extreme accuracy before assembly. If the calculation of the metal truss was correct, and all the work on assembling the metal structures was carried out correctly, then the finished truss will only need to be lifted and installed on the prepared harness.

Advantages of using metal rafters

Trusses made from profile pipes have many advantages, including:

• Low weight of the structure;
• Long service life;
• Excellent strength properties;
• Possibility of creating structures complex configuration;
• Reasonable cost of metal elements.

Classification of profile pipe trusses

All metal truss structures have several general parameters, which ensure the division of farms into types.

These options include:

1. Number of belts. Metal trusses can have only one belt, and then the entire structure will lie in one plane, or two belts. In the latter case, the truss will be called a hanging truss. The design of a hanging truss includes two chords - upper and lower.
2. Form. There is an arched truss, straight, single-slope and double-slope.
3. Circuit.
4. Tilt angle.

Depending on the contours, the following types of metal structures are distinguished:

1. Parallel belt trusses. Such structures are most often used as a support for arranging a roof made of soft roofing materials. A truss with a parallel belt is created from identical parts with identical dimensions.
2. Lean farms. Single slope designs are inexpensive because they require few materials to make. The finished structure is quite durable, which is ensured by the rigidity of the nodes.
3. Polygonal trusses. These structures have very good load-bearing capacity, but you have to pay for it - polygonal metal structures are very inconvenient to install.
4. Triangular trusses. As a rule, trusses with a triangular contour are used to install roofs located at a large slope. Among the disadvantages of such farms, it is worth noting a large number extra costs associated with the mass of waste during production.

How to calculate the angle of inclination

Depending on the angle of inclination, trusses are divided into three categories:

1. 22-30 degrees. In this case, the ratio of the length and height of the finished structure is 5:1. Trusses with such a slope, being light in weight, are excellent for arranging short spans in private construction. As a rule, trusses with such a slope have a triangular outline.
2. 15-22 degrees. In a design with such a slope, the length exceeds the height by seven times. Trusses of this type cannot be more than 20 m in length. If it is necessary to increase the height of the finished structure, the lower chord is given a broken shape.
3. 15 or less. The best option in this case there will be metal rafters from a profile pipe, connected in the shape of a trapezoid - short racks will reduce the impact of longitudinal bending on the structure.

In the case of spans whose length exceeds 14 m, it is necessary to use braces. The upper chord must be equipped with a panel about 150-250 cm long. With an even number of panels, you will get a structure consisting of two belts. For spans longer than 20 m, the metal structure must be reinforced with additional supporting elements connected by supporting columns.

If you need to reduce the weight of the finished metal structure, you should pay attention to the Polonceau truss. It includes two triangular-shaped systems that are connected by tightening. Using this scheme, you can do without large-sized braces in the middle panels.

When creating trusses with a slope of about 6-10 degrees for pitched roofs you need to remember that finished design should not be symmetrical in shape.

Calculation of a metal truss

When making calculations, it is necessary to take into account all the requirements for metal structures by state standards. To create the most efficient and reliable design, it is necessary to prepare a high-quality drawing at the design stage, which will display all the elements of the truss, their dimensions and features of connection with the supporting structure.

Before you calculate a farm for a canopy, you should decide on the requirements for the finished farm, and then start from savings, avoiding unnecessary costs. The height of the truss is determined by the type of floor, the total weight of the structure and the possibility of its further displacement. The length of the metal structure depends on the expected slope (for structures longer than 36 m, a construction lift calculation will also be required).

The panels must be selected in such a way that they can withstand the loads that will be placed on the farm. The braces can have different angles, so when choosing panels you also need to take this parameter into account. In the case of triangular grilles, the angle is 45 degrees, and in the case of slanted grilles, it is 35 degrees.

The calculation of a roof from a profile pipe ends with determining the distance at which the nodes will be created relative to each other. As a rule, this indicator is equal to the width of the selected panels. The optimal pitch for the supports of the entire structure is 1.7 m.

When calculating a single-pitch truss, you need to understand that as the height of the structure increases, its load-bearing capacity will also increase. In addition, if necessary, it is worth supplementing the truss diagram with several stiffening ribs that can strengthen the structure.

Calculation examples

When selecting pipes for metal trusses, you should consider the following recommendations:

• For arranging structures less than 4.5 m wide, pipes with a cross section of 40x20 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm are suitable;
• For a structure width of 4.5 to 5.5 m, 40 mm square profile pipes with a 2 mm wall are suitable;
• For metal structures bigger size the same pipes as in the previous case, but with a 3 mm wall, or pipes with a cross section of 60x30 mm with a 2 mm wall are suitable.

The last parameter that should also be paid attention to when calculating is the cost of materials. First, you need to consider the cost of the pipes (remembering that the price of pipes is determined by their weight, not their length). Secondly, it is worth asking about the cost of complex work on the manufacture of metal structures.

Recommendations for choosing pipes and manufacturing metal structures

Before cooking farms and picking optimal materials for future design, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the following recommendations:

• When studying the range of pipes available on the market, you should give preference to rectangular or square products - the presence of stiffeners significantly increases their strength;
• Selecting pipes for rafter system, it would be best to opt for stainless steel products made of high-quality steel (pipe sizes are determined by the project);
• When installing the main elements of the truss, tacks and double corners are used;
• In the upper chords, I-angles with different sides, the smaller of which is necessary for docking;
• For mounting the lower belt, corners with equal sides are quite suitable;
• The main elements of large-sized structures are attached to each other with overhead plates;
• The braces are mounted at an angle of 45 degrees, and the racks are mounted at a 90-degree angle.
• When a metal truss for a canopy is welded, it is worth making sure that each weld is sufficiently reliable (read also: " ");
• After welding work, the metal elements of the structure remain to be coated protective compounds and paint.

Conclusion

Trusses made from profile pipes are quite versatile and suitable for solving a wide range of problems. Making trusses cannot be called simple, but if you approach all stages of work with full responsibility, the result will be a reliable and high-quality structure.

Before creating an arched canopy with your own hands, a drawing and calculation of all elements and fastening points are made.

The drawing and project will help resolve issues regarding the nomenclature and quantity of purchased building materials, interior and exterior metal structure and design of the entire site.

Drawing of a polycarbonate canopy

Calculation of the strength of supports and trusses;

Calculation of roof resistance to wind load;

Calculation of roof load in the form of snow;

Sketches and general drawings metal canopy arched shape;

Drawings of the main elements with their dimensions;

Design and estimate documentation with calculation of the quantity and cost of building materials.

The basis of the metal canopy design according to the drawing is a roof truss. Calculating the shape, thickness, cross-section and location of truss slopes is complex. The main elements of the truss are the upper and lower belts, forming a spatial contour. The arched truss for the canopy is assembled using arched beams. A special feature of the arched truss is the minimization of bending moments in the structural cross sections. In this case, the material arched design shrinks. Therefore, the drawings and calculations made are carried out according to a simplified scheme, where the roofing load, the load of the fastening sheathing and the snow mass are evenly distributed over the entire area.

Polycarbonate canopy project

The canopy project and its drawing include the following calculations:

The reaction of horizontal and vertical supports, stress in the transverse directions, which will affect the selection of the section of the supporting profile;

Roofing snow and wind loads;

Section of an eccentrically compressed column.

Arch truss calculation table

The truss is the basis of the entire covering. To install it, you will need straight rods connected in hinged or rigid units.

The truss includes upper and lower chords, posts and braces. Depending on the loads exerted on all elements of the arched truss, the material for it is selected. Loads on the structure are determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP. Why is a structure diagram selected, where the contours of the truss chords are indicated. The design depends on the function of the canopy, its roof and its angle of placement.

Arch truss calculation table

Afterwards the dimensions of the farm are determined. The height of the truss depends on the roofing material and the type of truss - stationary or mobile. Its length is optional. For spans between racks of 36 m or more, the construction rise is calculated - the reverse bending of the truss from the felt loads. Afterwards, the dimensions of the panels are calculated, which depend on the gap between the elements that distribute the load on the truss structure. The distance between nodes depends on this. The coincidence of both indicators is mandatory.

In an arched truss, the guide is the lower chord, made in the form of an arc. The profiles are connected by stiffening ribs. The radius of the arch can be any and depends on natural conditions location of the farm and its height. Its quality depends on the load-bearing capacity of the truss structure. The higher the farm, the less snow will be retained. The number of stiffening ribs helps to withstand loads. It is better to weld all the parts of the canopy.

To begin with, the coefficient μ is calculated for each span of the upper belt - the transfer load of the snow mass on the ground to its load on the structure. Why do you need to know the angle of inclination of the tangents? With each flight, the corner radius becomes smaller. To calculate the load, the indicators Q are used - the load from snow on the 1st node of the truss, and l - the length of the metal rods. For this purpose it is calculated cos angle floor location.

The load is calculated by the formula - the product of l and μ and 180. By combining all the indicators together, the total load of the arched truss on the soil is calculated and the materials and their dimensions are selected.

Making lathing from a profile pipe and covering the truss with polycarbonate

Trusses made from profile pipes are durable, strong and economical. Profile pipe is a metal profile, rolled and machined.

According to the type of section, they are classified into profiles of oval, rectangular and square sections. Trusses made from arched profile pipes have high strength, a long service life, the ability to construct complex structures, affordable cost, low weight, resistance to deformation and damage, moisture and rust, and the ability to finish them with polymer paints.

To assemble or fasten elements, paired corners are used. When constructing the upper belt, use 2 T-angles of different lengths.

The corners are joined by the smaller sides. The lower belt is connected by corners with equal sides. When connecting large and long trusses, overhead plates are used.

Paired channels distribute the load evenly. The braces are mounted at an angle of 45, and the racks - at 90.

After assembly, welding work begins, after which each seam is cleaned. The final stage is treatment with anti-corrosion solutions and paint.

Sheets of polycarbonate, a translucent plastic that can protect against weather precipitation, are installed on the finished farm. This takes into account the thickness and shape of the sheet used. For large bending radii, cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of 8 to 10 mm is used. For a small radius - monolithic wave up to 6 mm.

Trusses made from profile pipes are designed to impart rigidity to the entire structure of the canopy and connect the posts together. The formed arches are the basis for attaching polycarbonate. It is recommended to use the same corners as in the manufacture of trusses. A rubber backing should be provided so that the material does not come into direct contact with steel elements, which will prevent rapid wear of the visor.

To install the canopy posts, it is done columnar base, whose dimensions are 5-7 cm larger than the dimensions of the support. To protect against water and moisture, the base is covered with roofing felt. During the process of pouring the foundation, mounting pins are installed.

After installing the polycarbonate canopy, a truss is attached, which connects all the elements of the canopy into a common frame. Cutting and installing polycarbonate sheets:

Thermal washers are used to compensate for the expansion of plastic due to high temperatures.

End processing is carried out cellular polycarbonate vapor-permeable tape.

The outside should remain in the original packaging to protect it from fading.

Arrangement of stiffeners along an arc. When using monolithic wave polycarbonate, the direction of the bends coincides with the arches.

Design of an arched truss for a canopy - calculation table for dummies, online calculator, making sheathing, design of a 6 by 6 canopy from a profile pipe, polycarbonate, metal structures– sketch, drawing